Analisis Geometrik Fasilitas Sisi Udara Bandar Udara Internasional Lombok (Bil) Nusa Tenggara Barat

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Analisis Geometrik Fasilitas Sisi Udara Bandar Udara Internasional Lombok (Bil) Nusa Tenggara Barat Forum Teknik Sipil No. XIX/1-Januari 2009 1055 ANALISIS GEOMETRIK FASILITAS SISI UDARA BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL LOMBOK (BIL) NUSA TENGGARA BARAT Aulia Muttaqin1), Wardhani Sartono2), Hary Christady 2) 1) Jl. Sedap Malam II no. 4 Gomong Mataram NTB 2)Jurusan Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2 Yogyakarta ABSTRACT The economic growth and local advancement require increasing development of local infrastructure, including the air transportation. Selaparang airport in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara apparently has technical limitations for airside and landside development. Therefore, the local government and PT. Angkasa Pura I have formulated a policy to relocate a new airport with international standard, which is to be known as Lombok International Airport (BIL), to replace the Selaparang airport. Data used for the airport reconstruction analysis consisted of technical facilities required for the airside such as runway, taxiway and apron. The International Coorperation Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Federal Aviation Association (FAA) method were used reffering to Boeing Characteristic Airplane and the apron formulation capacity at peak time based on Japan International Coorperation Agency (JICA). Results of the analysis showed that the the reconstruction Phase I and Phase II of planned Lombok International Airport were classified as 4C and 4E, with 11 and 31 runways, respectively based on the ICAO standard by 2028. These figures were in accordance to the results of windrose analysis on system of up to 95% direction site usability factor. The planned airplanes using the airside facilty on Phase I were B 737-400 and MD 82 and B 747-400 on Phase II. The required length for runway of phase I is 3000 m, 4000 m for phase II, and 45 m runway width using the MTOW value. The taxiway dimension analysis was based on ICAO, FAA and Boeing Characteristic Airplane and resulted in 15 m taxiway for phase I and 23 m phase II. The analysis was divided into three analyses. The required apron dimensions for phase I stage 1 (2006, Phase I stage 2 (2016) and Phase II (2028) are 30.000 m2, 44.000 m2, and 123.520 m2, respectively. Keywords: Lombok International Airport (BIL), Geometric facilities on airside, windrose PENDAHULUAN oleh pesawat-pesawat berbadan lebar dengan sasaran rute penerbangan domestik maupun A. Latar Belakang mancanegara hingga jarak menengah seperti Pembangunan Bandar Udara Internasional Singapura, Malaysia, Darwin, Bangkok, Beijing, Lombok terletak di Desa Penujak, Kecamatan Taipei, Seoul, Manila dan Tokyo. Praya Barat, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah, bandar udara ini rencananya akan menjadi bandar udara pengganti dari bandar udara yang telah ada di B. Tujuan Penelitian Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yaitu Bandar Udara Beberapa tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada Selaparang. Saat ini Bandar Udara Selaparang penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut: hanya mampu didarati oleh pesawat-pesawat 1. Mempelajari dan melakukan analisa geometrik berbadan kecil hingga menengah seperti Foker 27, fasilitas sisi udara pada pembangunan Bandar ATR 42, MD-11, Boeing 737-300/500 hingga Udara Internasional Lombok (BIL) Airbus 319. 2. Memberikan informasi kelayakan teknis yang Pembangunan Bandar Udara Internasional diperlukan dalam rangka pembangunan Bandar Lombok (BIL) harapannya akan mampu didarati 1056 Aulia M., Wardhani S., Hary C., Analisis Geometrik Fasilitas Sisi Udara ... Udara Internasional Lombok, dari hasil kajian kan dalam menghitung panjang landas pacu dan teknis yang akan dilakukan. kekuatan perkerasan. 2. Kebutuhan Panjang Landas Pacu LANDASAN TEORI Penentuan panjang dari suatu landas pacu A. Arah Landas Pacu digunakan suatu standar yang disebut Aeroplane Sebagai pedoman penentuan arah landas pacu Reference Field Length (ARFL). Menurut ICAO, diperlukan data angin yang dapat diperoleh dari ARFL merupakan landas pacu minimum yang Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika (BMG) yang dibutuhkan pesawat udara untuk melakukan take berada di daerah lokasi bandar udara yang akan off. dibangun tersebut atau yang terdekat dengan loka- Kebutuhan akan panjang landas pacu sebe- si bandar udara tersebut. Data yang telah didapat- narnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lokal kan harus diolah hingga menjadi angka angin per yang mempengaruhi kemampuan dari pesawat knots pada setiap arah mata angin. Penentuan arah untuk take off, oleh karena itu nilai ARFL yang landas pacu menggunakan analisis windrose, yaitu telah didapatkan perlu untuk dilakukan koreksi merupakan gambar beberapa lingkaran konsentris dengan melihat keadaan lokasi setempat. Faktor- dengan jari-jari berbeda (yang disesuaikan dengan faktor koreksi tersebut adalah koreksi terhadap skala kecepatan angin) dan dibagi menjadi 36 arah elevasi, temperatur, kemiringan landas pacu (masing-masing 10°) atau bisa juga dibagi menjadi (gradient). 16 arah (masing-masing 22,5°). Penentukan arah landas pacu biasanya C. Lebar Landas Pacu didasarkan pada arah angin bertiup, sehingga arah yang dipilih mendapatkan wind coverage atau Dalam melakukan analisa lebar landas pacu usability yang lebih besar dari 95%, dengan nilai (runway) baik untuk perencanaan pembangunan usability lebih besar dari 95% dari persyaratan baru, maupun untuk perencanaan pengembangan yang dikeluarkan oleh ICAO diperkirakan mampu landas pacu (runway) beberapa ketentuan klasi- untuk mengatasi kondisi cuaca. fikasi lebar runway harus dipenuhi sebagai standar perencanaan bandar udara yaitu ketentuan- B. Panjang Landas Pacu (runway) ketentuan yang dikeluarkan oleh ICAO dan FAA. Lebar landas pacu yang direkomendasikan oleh 1. Karakteristik pesawat ICAO dan FAA diperlihatkan dalam tabel 1 dan 2. Sebelum merencanakan sebuah bandar udara lengkap dengan fasilitasnya, dibutuhkan pengeta- D. Lebar Landas Hubung (taxiway) huan akan sifat-sifat pesawat terbang secara umum untuk merencanakan prasarananya. Hal ini antara Taxiway merupakan jalan keluar masuknya lain meliputi konfigurasi roda, kapasitas, ukuran pesawat dari landas pacu (runway) ke apron, (size) dan berat (weight). bangunan terminal, hanggar dan sebaliknya. Bebe- Mengenai berat pesawat dan komponen- rapa persyaratan yang dikeluarkan oleh ICAO dan komponen beratnya adalah yang paling menentu- FAA dalam perancangan geometris landas hubung (taxiway) sebagaimana pada tabel 3 dan tabel 4. Tabel 1. Lebar landas pacu ICAO Kode Kode (huruf) (nomer) A B C D E F 1 18 m 18 m 23 m - - - 2 23 m 23 m 30 m - - - 3 30 m 30 m 30 m 45 m - - 4 - - 45 m 45 m 45 m 60 Sumber : ICAO, 1999 Forum Teknik Sipil No. XIX/1-Januari 2009 1057 Tabel 2. Lebar landas pacu FAA Kelompok pesawat desain Item I II III IV V VI Instrumen tidak presisi dan landas pacu visual untuk pesawat dengan kategori 18 m 23 m 30 m 45 m - - pendekat A dan B Instrumen presisi landas pacu untuk pesawat 30 m 30 m 30 m 45 m - - dengan kategori pendekat A dan B Landas pacu untuk pesawat dengan kategori 30 m 30 m 30 m 45 m 45 m 60 m pendekat C dan D Sumber : FAA, 1989 Table 3. Lebar Taxiway (ICAO) Kode (huruf) Lebar Taxiway Penjelasan A 7,5 m B 10,5 m 15 m jika taxiway dimaksudkan untuk beroperasi pesawat dengan C 15 m wheel base kurang dari 18 m 18 m jika taxiway dimaksudkan untuk beroperasi pesawat dengan 18 m wheel base sama atau lebih besar dari 18 m 18 m jika taxiway dimaksudkan untuk beroperasi pesawat dengan D 18 m outer main gear wheel span kurang dari 9 m 23 m jika taxiway dimaksudkan untuk beroperasi pesawat dengan 23 m outer main gear wheel span sama atau lebih besar dari 9 m E 23 m F 25 m Sumber : ICAO, 1999 Tabel. 4. Jari-jari desain standar taxiway Kelompok pesawat desain Item DIM I II III IV V VI Jari-jari tikungan taxiway R 22,5 m 22,5 m 30 m 45 m 45 m 51 m Panjang ke titik pelebaran L 15 m 15 m 45 m 75 m 75 m 75 m Jari-jari pelebaran untuk penyimpangan pelebaran F 18,75 m 17,25 m 20,4 m 31,5 m 31,5 m 33 m simetris Jari-jari pelebaran untuk penyimpangan pelebaran satu F 18,75 m 17,25 m 18 m 29 m 29 m 30 m sisi Jari-jari pelebaran F 18 m 16,5 m 16,5 m 25,5 m 25,5 m 25,5 m Sumber : FAA, 1989 1058 Aulia M., Wardhani S., Hary C., Analisis Geometrik Fasilitas Sisi Udara ... E. Areal Parkir Pesawat (apron) dengan : F = nilai tahun ke-n Apron merupakan bagian sisi udara dari ban- P = nilai tahun data awal dar udara yang digunakan untuk pesawat terbang i = pertumbuhan rata-rata menurunkan, menaikan penumpang, cargo dan n = selisih tahun perkiraan dan tahun data sebagai tempat parkir pesawat. Sebagai analisis untuk landas hubung (apron) G. Jam Puncak Penumpang dan Pesawat ICAO mengeluarkan persyaratan jarak bebas sayap pesawat sebagaimana diperlihatkan dalam Pergerakan pesawat pada jam sibuk/puncak tabel 5. perlu dirumuskan terlebih dahulu nilai koefisien permintaan angkutan lalulintas pada jam sibuk Tabel 5. Jarak bebas sayap (clearence) (Cp). Kode (huruf) Jarak Bebas Untuk kondisi Indonesia menurut Japan A 3,0 m International Coorporatian Agency (JICA), 1991 B 3,0 m dengan persamaan berikut : C 4,5 m My D 7,5 m Md = (3) E 7,5 m 365 F 7,5 m 1,38 Sumber : ICAO, 1999 Cp = (4) Md F. Pemakai Fasilitas Sisi Udara Mp = Md × Cp (5) 1. Pesawat Udara dengan : Pesawat udara merupakan salah satu sarana Cp = Faktor jam puncak transportasi. Sarana ini berbeda dengan sarana Md = Pergerakan pesawat udara harian transportasi lainnya karena mempunyai kecepatan Mp = Pergerakan pesawat jam puncak yang tinggi, perjalanan yang menerus dan kemu- My = Pergerakan pesawat tahunan dahan pencapaian serta berat yang besar terutama Persamaan yang digunakan untuk evaluasi ketika melakukan pendaratan dan parkir. kebutuhan
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