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Anatomical Study and Illustrative Plates of the Dwarf Galago Primate

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Anatomical Study and Illustrative Plates of the Dwarf Galago Primate Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 5-14-1985 Anatomical Study and Illustrative Plates of the Dwarf Galago Primate Hugh Nachamie Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Nachamie, Hugh, "Anatomical Study and Illustrative Plates of the Dwarf Galago Primate" (1985). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. N 'in "6 o o c ? o _r > o g *E <u XJ o en _g a ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The College of Fine and Applied Arts in Candidacy for the Degree of MASTER OF FINE ARTS Dwarf Galago Primate Anatomical Study and Illustrative Plates of the By Hugh Mark Nachamie May 14, 1985 APPROVALS Adviser: __~R=o=b=er~t~VV~a~b~n~i~tz~ ________________________________ Date: 5/8/85 Associate Adviser: Margaret D'Ambruso Date: 5/15/85 Associate Adviser: ----,-,R..... anud"",a!d.lILLI "'-Su""s"-'-m.1...l.Y.anl..L..-_________________ Date: 5/18/85 Assistant to the Dean for Graduate Affairs~ _.:....Fr:....::e=d:....:Mc.:..=e~ye=r'------------------------- Date: 5/17/85 Dean, College of Fine & Applied Arts: Dr. Robert H. Johnston Ph. D. Date: 5/28/85 I, Hugh M. Nachamie, prefer to be contacted each time a request for reproduction is made. I can be reached at the following address. erW* TABLE OF CONTENTS PROPOSAL v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PURPOSE 3 RESEARCH 5 THE DISSECTION 7 ARTWORK 13 CONCLUSION 19 NOTES 22 ILLUSTRATIONS 23 SOURCES CONSULTED 34 PROPOSAL I intend to dissect and illustrate various anatomical features of the Dwarf Golago (Bush Baby) primate. I will research the best techniques available for anatomical book illustrations, and I will complete a series of plates which are both scientifically and artistically valuable. In order to create my drawings, it will be necessary to spend a significant amount of time on a delicate and involved dissection of the small animal. I will be directing this work towards possible inclusion in a new series of books on Primatology. An editor of these books is a former teacher of mine and the source of the specimens I will work from. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I'd like to take time to thank those people to whom I owe a great deal to for their helping hands of assistance. Without their valuable advice, criticisms and their thoughtful donation of time, materials and guidance I would never have achieved the thesis goals I strove for. Mrs. D'Ambruso of the College of Science at RIT was a great help in getting my dissections off the ground. She secured me a work space, loaned me supplies, advised me on dissection problems and was there to help me investigate some of the mysteries of the Galago demidovii. Without the hours spent learning photography from Mr. William DuBois of the School of Photography at RIT both in class and out, my research would have suffered greatly. Bill taught me techniques and was even kind enough to let me use his equipment. Glen Hintz, one of my medical illustration instructors at RIT has been a great help to my thesis illustrations in both technical advising and artistic critiquing. My thanks go to Glen for his artistic skills and his patience in trying to communicate them to me. Without Professor Randall Susrnan of the Anatomy Department at the SUNY Stony Brook Medical School, my Galago demidovii thesis would have never existed. medical illustration in under It was Randy who helped keep me interested in my loaned me the five galago speci graduate days, and it was he who so graciously was also an important on matters mens he had captured on safari. Dr. Susrnan help seek reference materials. concerning my dissections and where to I would like to thank Mr. Robert Wabnitz, head of the Medical Illustration Program at RIT. Mr. Wabnitz has always been there to look over a piece in pro gress or comment on an idea for one. His input and teaching was of great help to me as I worked my way through a challenging and rewarding thesis project. I would also like to thank my peers, fellow students, friends, girlfriend and family for their encouragement, advice and generous giving of time, energy and material. Their help was invaluable. INTRODUCTION what's that? looking!" "Hey That's gross Heads turned to see, then quick recoiled from the ly dissecting pans cluttered with my "dead By this time thesis research my was nearing completion and the specimens I was working with were not the cute, furry creatures they once were. They weren't a pleas ant sight it's true, but to me, that tray held not something which turned the stomach, but a reminder of one of the most challenging and educationally rew arding experiences I've known, my thesis project for my Master of Fine Arts in Medical Illustration. In September of 1984 I ended my quest for a topic; my decision spurred on by what I saw as a lack of quality illustrations of non-human primate anatomy. Some months earlier, a former professor of mine had offered me some small pros- imian primates he had captured in Africa, and preserved as possible subjects for my thesis research. I now chose to accept his offer. This task of researching, dissecting and illustrating the anatomy of the Galago demidovii seemed more valid with each dissapointed glance I took through atlases and comparative anat omy texts. There seemed to be a real need for more carefully considered qual ity illustrations. This thesis could aim for that, while being a culmination of my interests and skills in both science and art. I knew the task I had chosen to undertake would be a demanding one, and that is what I prepared myself for. people often stopped to watch During my seven months of research, as I times questioned I probed, cut and drew the small galago. Many they why began "gruesome" look smile and such a and unusual project. I would just up, say, "I challenge."could feel the smile fueled enjoy the After responding I linger, by discovery. the rewards of scientific and artistic -2- PURPOSE would I chose to Why study and illustrate a Galago demidovii. or any other non-human primate? What is there to be gained from this work? It seems impor tant to begin my report with an explanation of what I saw as the purposes behind thesis research. my Like medical illustration itself, my motivations were two fold: one artistic and one scientific. Artistically speaking, I hoped to develop accurate, clear and skillfully rendered anatomical plates describing features of a species of animal which seemed to all but lack an illustrative record. I hoped to make these drawings precise and fit for reduction and reproduction. I aimed to create art work which could be appreciated by both one who knew nothing about science and another who understood little of art. In writing about the scientific purpose behind my thesis, I encounter few res ervations when it comes to justifying my dissection of five preserved animals. Without becoming involved in a moral discussion over the use of animals for res earch, I'd like to point out the value of such study. Concerning non-human primates in general, their close ties to humans both physiologically and evolutionary make them a source of interest for scientists in many fields. Comparative anatomists, anthropologists, taxonomists, muscular physiologists and kinesiologists all value the study of non-human primates. and his the In order to carry out research on man needs, availability of an animal model is imperative. Non-human primates are often chosen for this test to H. ing since they are our closest relatives. According Geoffrey Bourne, author of The Primate Odyssey, awaren- The increased knowledge of primates in recent years and growing ness of their physiological as well as anatomical closeness to man have led to their increased use in biomedical research. The results are imp ressive: already among many advances the use of monkeys has provided us with vaccines for poliomyelitis and measles and ensures the safety of other vaccines and medical products as well. Much more spectacular breakthroughs will occur in the future.2 The of study galagos, such as the Lesser Bushbaby, Galago senegalensis, has recently become poular as a research model in neuroanatomy, behavior and skeletal anatomy, according to Stevens, Mitton and Edgerton. I noted on one previously published study of the Lesser Bushbaby that the grant for the research was supplied by Easter Seals Research Foundation of the National Society for Crippled Children and Adults Inc. It would seem that this organization, dedicated to helping humans, has put some faith into galago research to help its cause. Lodged someplace between and beyond the scientific and artistic purposes of this thesis lies what could be labelled as my selfish, human curiosity - a des ire to investigate the unusual and the hidden. The dwarf galago dissection surely supplied enough anatomical oddities to quench my curiosity. The dwarf (Demidoff's) Galago is a very small prosimian primate, measuring about eleven inches long with half of that being tail. They contain many interest ing adaptations useful in their nocturnal and arboreal life in the jungles of Central Africa. The tiny size of the galago is a curiosity in itself - not the image one thinks of when the usual monkey/ape primate comes to mind.
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