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Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park

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Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Study of California Native Flora - San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Crissy Mulrain June 2011 Written by: Crissy Mulrain September 19, 2011 Crissy Mulrain Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Crissy Mulrain Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Summary In June of 2011 I spent three weeks traveling in California to observe the native flora of the California Floristic Province. Starting in San Francisco, I visited and worked along side the California (CA) native’s gardeners of both the San Francisco Botanic Garden (at Strybing arboretum) and Berkeley Botanic Garden (the University of California). Day visits to observe the Golden Gate Park gardens, including the Conservatory of Flowers, the Academy of Science’s new green-roof, and the Japanese Tea Garden were spaced out in the first week. I also took a guided tour to Marin County to see the coastal redwood grove at Muir Woods National Monument conservation site. A very good California native garden was brought to my attention while at Berkeley, so I went to see the Tilden Regional Park Botanic Garden, just north of Berkeley. On to Sonoma Valley, were I had the opportunity to stay and work with the propagator and education coordinator of Quarryhill Botanic Garden, Corey Barnes. Outings form here to view CA natives included the cliffs on the Pacific Coast road: Bodega Bay, Dillon Beach sand dunes, Armstrong redwood Grove and Sugarloaf State Park. Finally, I drove to Yosemite National Park, within the Sierra Nevada Mountains where I spent five days looking at a variety of different plant communities throughout the various elevations and habitats. Crissy Mulrain Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Acknowledgements Firstly I would like to thank the Royal Horticultural Society along with the Merlin Trust for very generously funding my study trip to California in June, 2011. A big thank you also to my current manager, Tony Kirkham, at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, who allowed me to take study leave to go to California. I also received support in various forms from fellow Kew colleagues and California botanic garden contacts throughout the planning and execution of this trip. Their help was much appreciated: San Francisco Botanical Gardens, California, USA Dennis Brent- Director, Susan Nervo – Horticulture works supervisor, Terry Seefeld, Horticulturist- California Natives Section University of California Botanical Gardens at Berkeley, California, USA Kenneth Bates- Horticulturist- California Native Section Holly Forbes- Curator Gayle Roberts- Events co-ordinator at Berkeley Quarryhill Botanical Gardens, Glen Ellen, California, USA William McNamara- Executive Director, Corey Barnes – Nursery Manager and Education Co-ordinator Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Kath Smith- Science & Collections Manager, GG&T; Emma Fox – School of Horticulture Principal; Phil Griffiths- Displays Coordinator, GG&T; Dave Cooke- Temperate House Manager, GG&T; Chris Ryan, Nursery and Orchid Collections Manager, GG&T; Lucy Hart- Northern Gardens Team Leader, Hardy Display; Joanne Everson- Rock Garden Team Leader, Hardy Display; Katie Price, Woodland Garden Team Leader, Hardy Display; Shelly Ruff, Team Leader Grass Garden, Hardy Display; Stewart Henchie- Previous Head of Hardy Display Section; Dave Davies- Manager Hardy Display; Richard Wilford, Manager Hardy Display; Sven Landrein- Horticultural Botanist, Herbarium; and fellow Kew diploma students Sara Miller and Steve O’Brien. Crissy Mulrain Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park Table of Contents Introduction to California ..................................................................................... 1 Aims and objectives .................................................................................................... 3 San Francisco .............................................................................................................. 4 Golden Gate Park ................................................................................................... 5 The Conservatory of Flowers (1879) ................................................................... 6 Academy of Science ............................................................................................... 7 Japanese Tea Garden ............................................................................................ 8 San Francisco Botanic Gardens at Strybing Arboretum ....................................... 9 Muir Woods National Monument ............................................................................ 11 University of California, Berkeley Botanic Garden ............................................... 12 Road trip from Quarryhill ...................................................................................... 15 Yosemite National Park ............................................................................................ 16 References ................................................................................................................. 19 Crissy Mulrain Study of California Native Flora- San Francisco to Yosemite National Park List of Figures Figure 1 Map of California ............................................................................................ 1 Figure 2 Geographic subdivision of California floristic provinces. (Hickman, J.1996) 2 Figure 3 San Francisco landmark features ..................................................................... 4 Figure 4 Marin county sparse headlands ....................................................................... 5 Figure 5 The three main trees introduced originally, Cupressus macrocarpa, Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus globules. I saw these are present throughout the San Francisco area. ....................................................................................................... 5 Figure 6 Conservatory of Flowers, Golden Gate Park ................................................... 6 Figure 7 Conservatory of Flowers, side highland tropical glass house zone ................. 6 Figure 8 Academy of Science - hilly green-roof .......................................................... 7 Figure 9 Some of the green-roof plant pallet includes, clockwise from top left: Achillea millefolium, Dudleya caespitosa, Erigeron glaucous, and Prunella vulgari.s ................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 10 Pavilion in Japanese Tea Garden with bonsai conifers. ................................ 8 Figure 11 California native meadow, SF Botanic Garden ............................................. 9 Figure 12 Albino mutant of Sequoia sempervirens ..................................................... 10 Figure 13 Devils' hand tree, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon is an unusual rare tree with hand shaped flowers. (2011,Unknown) ....................................................... 11 Figure 14 Sequoia sempervirens at Muir Woods ......................................................... 12 Figure 15 Polyspora longicarpa and to the right Styrax obassia ................................ 14 Figure 16 Above- Coastal CA natives including dune daisy, Erigeron glaucous and Eriophyllum stachadifolium. ................................................................................ 15 Figure 17 Below, right- Fairy lantern, Calochortus luteus .......................................... 15 Figure 18 The Grizzly Giant, Sequoiadendron gigantea, but no photo can do it justice! .................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 19 Above left to right: Rock face covered with mosses and Sedum sp. with brilliant yellow flowers. Delphinium glaucum. Heuchera rubescens. Castilleja applegatei. Erigeron foliosus ............................................................................... 17 Crissy Mulrain Introduction to California Situated on the west coast of the United States of America, California sits on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and is bordered by Oregon, Nevada, Arizona and Mexico. Its area is around 414 400 square kilometres, making it the third largest state, although it has the largest population. Figure 1 Map of California The climate is variable because of the mountain ranges. Coastal areas have a mediterranean climate, with dry summers and cool, rainy winters. There is a unique occurance of a summer fog belt on the north coast of California caused by the cool Pacific current offshore mixing with the warm air from the Central valley being sucked out to the water. The Sierra mountain range, running pretty much north to south, is more complex with a greater band of climate zones depending on elevation and aspect. California’s northwest is mainly redwood and Douglas fir forests. In the southwest one can find the Mojave Desert areas. The Central Valley region covers the majority of the states centre. Here the land is highly ranked among the most productive agricultural area in the world. California can brag that it is the most diverse state in the nation, containing the highest elevation, Mount Whitney (4,421 m) and lowest elevation, Death Valley (86 m below sea level) thus providing habitats for a wide variety of flora. The Jepson manual, California’s flora guide, has made the diverse flora more digestable with the division of the state into three separate
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