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Reflectors of Change in the Catholic Church in New Mexico, 1830--1910

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Reflectors of Change in the Catholic Church in New Mexico, 1830--1910 Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1999 Religious Art: Reflectors of Change in the Catholic Church in New Mexico, 1830--1910. Shirley Jean Sands Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Sands, Shirley Jean, "Religious Art: Reflectors of Change in the Catholic Church in New Mexico, 1830--1910." (1999). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7010. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7010 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in thiscopy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-621-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. RELIGIOUS ART: REFLECTORS OF CHANGE IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NEW MEXICO, 1830-1910 VOLUME I A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Shirley Jean Sands B.A., Emporia State University, 1972 M.S., Emporia State University, 1974 August 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9945737 UMI Microform 9945737 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To My Parents ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, my thanks to the Chairman of my Committee, Dr. Charles Shindo whose understanding, patience and interest made it possible for me to complete this work. To the rest of the committee, Dr. Maribel Deitz, Dr. Christine Kooi, and Dr. Meredith Veldman my thanks for their interest in this project and their valuable thoughts and suggestions. The staffs of many libraries and museums made the research for this dissertaion both interesting anad profitable. Special thanks to Dr. Richard Ahlbom and the Smithsonian Institute, the staffs at the Archives of the University of Notre Dame, The New Mexico State Records Center and Archives, the Zimmerman Library of the University of New Mexico, The Taylor Museum in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the National Archives in Washington D.C. and the De la Salle Christian Brothers in Lafayette, Louisiana. Finally, to my friends and family who continued to support me during this long adventure. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. in Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Dedication ................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................iii List of Figures ..................................... vi Abstract ............................................................................................................... Introduction .......................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Early Spanish and Mexican Religious Art and Traditions .................19 Chapter 2 Mexican Religious Art and Traditions ................................................. 51 Chapter 3 Santa Fe de San Francisco .................................................................. 125 Nineteenth Century French Religious A r t .......................................... 134 VOLUME n Chapter 4 Santa Cruz de la Canada ............................................................... JL 81 Chapter 5 Santuario de Chimayd .......................................................................228 Santo Nino de Atocha ........................................................................... 236 Art of Santuario de Chimayd ................................................... 239 Chapter 6 Abiquiu................................................................................................ 263 Abiquiu’s History ...................................................................................264 Religious Art of the Abiquiu Moradas ................................................. 269 Chapter 7 Conclusions .............................. 329 Chapter 8 Epilogue .............................................................................................. 337 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Selected Bibliography ............................................................................................355 Appendix I Santa Cruz de la C anada ..................................................................387 Appendix II Abiquiu .............................................................................................. 396 Vita ..........................................................................................................400 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES M.l New Mexico, 1800 ..........................................................................................7 1.1 The Nativity by Juan de Flanders ............................................................. 28 1.2 Santa Lucia by Francisco de Zurbaran ....................................................... 29 1.3 Pieta by Gregorio Fernandez ........................................................................41 2.1 Our Lady of Light, original oil painting .................................................... 74 2.2 Our Lady of Light, Mexican copy ............................................................. 74 2.3 Our Lady of Light, woodcut .......................................................................75 2.4 Our Lady of Light, carved stone relief. ............ 75 2.5 Reredos of La Castrense with stone relief of Our Lady of Light ............................................................................................ 76 2.6 Reredos of La Castrense with Our Lady of Light replaced by bulto............................................................................................... 77 2.7 Altarscreen: Our Lady of Talpa Chapel .....................................................99 2.8 Christ crucified known as La Misracordia by Rafael A ragon ............... .100 2.9 Christ crucified by unknown santero ......................................................... 101 2.10 Our Lady of Solitude ................................................................................. 109 2.11 Christ in the Holy Sepulchre..................................................................... 117 2.12 Casket........................................................................................................... 117 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2.13 Our Lady of Talpa ....................................................................................... 119 2.14 Our Lady of the Rosary ..............................................................................120 2.15 El Santo Nino (The Holy Child)................................................................121 2.16 Our Lady of Talpa Chapel displaying the art as reconstructed at the Taylor M useum ...................................................................123 3.1 La Vierge a V'hostie by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres ....................... 138 3.2
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