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(8661)ZZZ- LEI |(Z) 6 eist,{nN NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

The first named speciesof Eremaea, E. pauciflora (Endl.) Druce (as Metrosileros pauciflora Endl.), was described in 1837. Over the next 127 ye*s,l l species(including 3 synonyms; were described,as botanical exploration of the south-westproceed;d. The presentstudy recognises16 species,5 subspeciesand 8 vadeties of Eremqea.

Eremqea was classified (Briggs - & Johnson 1979) as a member of the Leptospermoideaesub_ farnily, Leptospermum allianceand calothamnus sub-alliance. Thecapsularfruits, basifixed anthers, slightly fused staminal firaments and smal leavesare significant charactersin this placement.

conservation status "conservation is detailedin Codesfor western AustrarianFIora,' on pagd305 of this issue of Nuvtsia.

Methods

The general distrib.otionof Eremqectwas determined from specimensin the westem Australian Herbarium. A field colilectingprogram was designedto arlow monthry collections in the areafrom Perth to a little north of Eneabba. A single trip was made in Decemberto collect from the north of the then known range ofthe genus to obtain matedal ofE ebracteata which wasknown to flower at that time A single spring corecting trip was designedto cover much of the ra ngeof E. pauciflora.

Following the extensivecolrecting, specimenswere sortedinto broad morphological groupings basedon charactersofthe fruits, reaves,and flowers. A selectionof specrmenswas madeiiom each group to representmorphologically complete specimensfrom throughout the geographicrange of each taxon. This resulted in 87 specimensbeing selected.

Each of the 87 specimenswas scoredfor the 59 characterslisted in Table 1. Thesedata were then analysedforpatterns ofassociationusing theprograms in the TAXoNpackage availablefrom csIRo Division of Computing Research.

Theseanalyses phenetic were andbased on a rangeofmorphorogic characters.They were carried out sp€cifically to search for patternsin the morphology of Erem,ea asa meansofunderstanding the complex yariation found in the field.

The analyses used were MINS'AN, a minimum spanning tree which links similar pairs of specimensto show relationships in a non hierarchicarmanner (Figure 1), and MULCLAS to show a hierarchical classification (Figure 2). The similarity index used was the Euclidean metric.

Subsidiaryfield collections were madeto obtain material (freshflowers, young leavesand seeds) for usein isozyme anaryses.The methodsandresults ofthis havebeen reported in coates & Hnatiuk, 1990. The analysesof the isozyme data were cradistic in contrast to t'hephenetic analysesof the morphologic data.

some seedfiom the first conectionswere sown at the western Australian Herbarium and plants placed in that Garden. unfortunatery, most of the prantswere rost to a.ninvasion of grasshoppers. However, sufficient plants survived to provide someindication of morphological stab ity bei;een generahons. D.tpoUg :^ 'Dlltqdolqd't dsqnsDaiDto!^ g.^'DlDto g :n'DarDtol^ dsqff Darqo^ g :t'DlDuqw! g .s 'alttuosoultrot m^ saplouro{nDaqg tt'DltqdoJrtu rg^saplolrol oaq g tb'saploluolnnaq )c^ saptotuolmraqZ:d'Da2luaoqdYg .o' tdqD' mûollirnDd Z :tt'olltrtdoqruot n^DqliirnDd g rt'DrotlirnDd E^DroLtrnDd g t'Daptolpuap I :i'D.l.torou.'por x g :l 'Dpatrotqa )e^4DapDtqa Z:I'D {AdtArotq EôtoapDtqa g.q'Darnfund g:3'D.1lo{twD g:t'ppopolpopa g:e'npDl)ottlrl 'dsqns DdtD,oDrsD g tp'Dpolr|LlrDrq dsqts Drirn)oolsD g .7'DdrDx 4s, dsqnsdrDr-lrts, ? :q'D11ol1âtqg :E:a\El ,{Jltuepr $eu€l asrr-ra^\o'I f,rgllrqlP sr uotersnll eqr Jo edlqs eqJ tr ol rullurs tsoru sr qcq.^\ euo €qr 01 p€r,lull sl uauJr.eds qr€A (spoqFu.rees) trpnls srql Jo suerutredsrarurar? /8 oqr rca,^\loqsstturlltuts lo uofquasardar NVdSNIW l om8rC

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"A" Figure 2. Trrucated MULCLAS classificationof 87 Eremdeaspecimens usiag numerical dara only . = srbg. Eremaea; "8" "1" "ll" "l\" "IV" = srhC. Oktiocaryu. = sect.Ebrdcteata" , = secr.Violacea; = secL.Etemaea, = sect.Fimb ata;"V" = sect.Okriocarpd. The sixth branch from the top is unlabelledand representsan unusualE. pdr.ll.)r'.r. The specimensofthe presumedhybrids, E, x codonacarpd nnd E. x phoenicea canbe seento be scatteredamongst purative parental tax a. erntxalpled 'Zt ruquarunpurpled 'W rnolocpled .OV '6€ lposnlou] uodoueq^\ uorlrsodsp Isled Suue^\ogtB spue13;oacuupunqe :runrqlued,4q '8€ 'Lt , llsueprunlueunpul Jeel u:e1zdSurqcuerq 'gE [pesnlou] eJue.srqepreqlu? 9€ edzqs:eqo1x, 1zc Vt Suue,lnogp edeqs:runrqlued,(q * 8ur:e,lrogte e:ntxe1:urnrqtued,{q 'ZE 'It lpesnrou] erruxel(elnred) lc?rq unlueunpurJo uorFcol :(alnJed)lmJq 0g (lc€rqlseSj?l Jo) ad?qs (elrued) lc€rq 6Z ed,firmq-ges1 8Z adeqspe1 LZ

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,rrulrJ1 {nnsuH I rrSou NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

43. petal: abundanceof glands 44. calyx lobe: persistgnceafter flowering 45. calyx lobe:texture 46. calyx lobe: abundanceof glands fnot used] 47 . stamen: abundanceof glands lnot used] 48. filament: presence- absenceof swelling 49. anther: type of gland 50. stigma shape 51. style: abundanceof indumentum 52. valves at flowering: abundanceof indumentum 53. placenta;position [not used] 54. distribution of ovules/ovulodeson placenta 55. hypanthium: texture in fruit 56. hypanthium: shapein fruit 57. calyx lobes: texture in fruit 58. valves: position when open 59. seedsurface texture

Numeric data for leaveswere basedon measurementsof l0 randomly selectedleaves. Flower measurementswere from one flower only (to avoid extensivedestruction ofherbarium specimens). Fruit measurementswere taken from 1-5fruits asavailable on aherbariumsheet. Seed measurements were taken from 1-3 seedsas available.

Results

The field collecting revealeda much widerrange ofmorphologicaldiversity in the genusthan had been previously known. The obseryationsmade of populations in the field showedthat individual populations had noticeably less variation than was found between populations. With intimate familiadty of the field situation, it was possible to fairly accurately estimate from where new specimenswere collected. In contrast,some populations studied in the isozyme analyses(Coates & Hnatiuk 1990) indicatedthat there was asmuch variation within somepopulations as betweensome taxa.

Pattem analyseswere done to bdng togetherall ofthe selectedmorphometric data to seeifthere was any biologically meaningful patternto the data. The data were analysedin three ways: all data, numeric data only, and qualitative data only. The results of analysesusing the numedc data only grouped most specimens which intuitively belonged together, whereas analyses using only the qualitative data variously grouped or separatedmany specimenswhich intuitively either did or did not belong together. For example,of the two specimenswhich clearly representedthe sametaxon, E. fimbriata, one was placed with an E pauciflora var. lachnosanthespecimen and the other with E. beaufortioides. Thesetwo pairs were separatedon either side ofthe secondhighest branch ofthe MULCLAS tree indicating very little "similadty". The all-data set provided intermediateresults. Given the clear utility of the numeric-data-onlyset, this was usedin preferenceto the qualitative-data or all-data setsfor the rest of this paper.

The analysesindicated that the genuscould be interpretedas having several significant infra- genericgroupings (Figure 2). They alsohighlighted the relationshipsbetween the known andthe new

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'InquuH tnr ,rrlrarz I JeSod Nuylsiavol. 9,No. 2 (1993)

Pollination hasnot beenstudied in detail, but casualobseryations indicate that a yariety ofinsects as well as birds visit the f'lowers and could effect pollination. The flowers are bdghtly coloured as well as scentedthus accounting for thef attractivenessto theseanimals. The flowers of Subgenus Okriocarpa all have a distinctive musty smell, which contraststo the sweet or spicy smell of those of Section Eremaea. Such a distinction would contdbute to reproductive isolation as it could be exDectedto attract different Dollinators.

Ph€nology

Growthin Eremaeais strongly seasonal.The winterperiodis atime oflittle orno growthformost species,as is the common condition ofmost speciesin the south-westofAustralia. With the exception of E.fimbriat.t, the coming of warmer weatherin spring (September),marks the beginningofgrowth. In E. fimbriata growth begins in mid-winter, July and August.

There are three flowering patterns amongst the species. In two species, E. ebracteata [\nd E. purpurea, gtovtth, on matureplants, commenceswith the production of leaves. Flowers arethen producedon this season'sstems for aslong asmoisture and temperatureare suitable. In three species (E. atala, E. dendroideq,a\d E. purpurea) and somepopulations of two other species (E. x phoenicea andE. violacea subsp.raphiophylla),first growth is the productionofflowers which is then followed by new stemsand leaveswith a continuedproduction offlowers on the new wood. There is variation betweenthese taxa in the relative intensity of the flush offlowering at the start and later in the season. All the other speciesappear to flower only in the first flush ofgrowth, fbllowed by yegetativegrowth. This latter patternofgrowth resultsin flowedng plantspresenting conspicuously massed displays on the upper canopy ofeach plant. Onplants thatdo nottlower, and non-flowering stemsofplants with flowers, new shoot production can occur at the sametime as flowering on other stems and plants.

Once flowering is complete,fruits matureover approximatelythe next 12 months. In all species, fruits, with their containedseeds, are held on the stemsuntil the stemsdie. Then, upon drying, the valves open, releasingthe seedin all but E. fimbriata. In this species,the odfice of the fiuit is very fiequently too small for the winged seedsto escape. Ondeathof astemof E. fimbriata, the valves frequently do not open. Seedis effectively releasedin this specieseither when the fruit is burned or the outer sudacedecays. Somepopulations of E. pauciJlora also havefruits withvery small orifices. In thesecases the winged seedsappear to also be small and capableof releasewhen the ftuits dry.

There is a broad, though not precisesequence of flowering amongstspecies. The first to flower is almost always '' .fimbriatq.,startingin July or August. E. ebru.cte.ttaand E. purpurea are:usually the last found in flower. E. beaufortioidesis a late spring (November,December) flowering species, usually only startingto flower asother specieswhich flower on old wood arenearly finished. All other speciestend to flower in Septemberto November.

Many exceptionsto this patternof flowering occur. No precisereasonshave been found, but local vadations in the occurrenceof rainfall and the timing of the warming in any particular place seem to be the most likely reasonsfor the variations. Detailed obseryationsof temperatureand rainfall patternnear Eneabba closely linked rainfall patternand abundanceto growth, flowering and fruiting (my own unpublishedobservations). In some years,the pattem is clear whereasin other years,it is far from obvious with the excaptionof the early and late flowedng speciesnoted above which still flower at the extremesof the sequence. 'peqJnot ueq,{\ '?xel laeJ.!lJos,! s seqru"rq ,(Jeeleqt 3ur^r3 elqryeu Flqeeorlouorc Leq1o1o1o? ur lnq lp ,{[.reeuur pt8rr erl,{eq1 seqculrq Buole pep,rora,{le^rt"lal ele puu tuerue8uollsesJadsrp e ea.eqsaaaaT

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'oa:n|out, dsgnsoatDptA g pse'oaJluaoqd x 'E'DipLrq g ,o lqdtlpDrq ' 'paplolpuap 'A 'DltoJ1^atq'g 'Duol 'DpDp[qtotq .dsqtls .g JE^DtDatJDtqaA aMlJDlq g DdtDxootsD 'ollolunJo E :epnlaur ^JueAJn Jo le]lElx ? s€ pel€8rtsa^ur eq plnoqs qJtq,r exEJ Ex?t eJ€.I s" uoll€reprsuoJl"rceds peauueqt;o ,{ur Jeql€q,r euruletep ot ,{e^lns plerJlequnJ JoJpeau eql uo uonuellu snro; ,{pn1sluese:d eql go uotlalduroceq1 ,{q pesruaooeJe.re qJrq,r uxul ,tieu ,(uuureql

'tsll lecquc aql ruo.IJpelourer w,r sercedseqlpuu u,,rrou1,{1snor,le:d ueeq peq ueqt suonulndodeJoru leJe^es punol eH 'eJIIptrA\ .g purfs€uaqsrCJo lueutt:rdeq uaql aqt roJ ploJIEH C,{qauop ala,l.r,a./ ndlnd roJsf,e^rns pterC eloJJaJcJ peDezDF Jo lsrl u"rT€.rtsnvuJelse1\ eqt uo ,{lluernJ sr DaDu?q Jo uoxul oN

uoll"aJesuoJ

'palnpru aleq s,uoseesluesard eql rage 3urT1u3 se^Bels,.r€a,{ snor^aJdeql :sqluoru 8 t -ZI rog3uqsu1,{1pcrd,{1 se,leel qlrm uear8ra,reere Slueld eq1

,rrrrrJS lnrtcuHI rr8ou NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

Leaves vary in shapefrom flattened ovate to oboyate to acerose. They vary from about 3 to 20 mm in length. Margins are simple although some are s cabtid (e.g. E. hadra).

The most frequent condition is a two-layeredindumentum on both sudacesof immature leaves. Referencesto leaf indumentum in the speciesdescriptions refers to the condition of very immature leaves. Taxa vary in the rate of disappearanceand the amount of indumentum which remains at maturity. The lower layer usually falls earliest and most completely. The density and degree of erectnessof hairs vary betweenpopulations and can be an enticingly conspicuouscharacteristic. It hasnot proven to be auseful taxonomic charactereventhough someearly namesrefer to this character (e.9. E. pilosa).

Leaf tips are pungent to rounded. oil glands arepresent in all taxa. There is a small amount of variation in size and disposition of glands, but it has not been taxonomically useful. The most conspicuousvariation in arangement is that in narow leaves,the glands appearto be in one line on either side of the mid-vein. where leaf shapeis somewhatvariable, where broaderleaves occur on a plant with otherwise na[ow leaves,the broad leavesfrequently do not have proportionately more glands,but this is not alwaysso.

The extension-growth of leaves and stems declines rapidly at the end of the growing season resulting in shortcrowded leavesatthe apex. Theselate-produced leaves also becomeprogressively bract-like with the production of brown, slightly expandedlaminae toppedby progressivelyshortei, narrow green tips. In the end, a dormant or resting bud is producedcovered with a variable number of bracts(' perules" of Briggs and Johnsont 979). with the commencementof growth in the spring, areversesequenceis often seenwith the first leaveshaving expandedbrown laminaeat the basewhich "normal" ln progressivelynewer leavesbecomes smaller until leavesoccur. The stemsin the region of the dormant bud are often somewhat expanded. This expande

Flowers

The inflorescenceof Eremaeaisa"rnonad" in the senseofBriggs & Johnson(1979). specifically, "metaxymonad" it appearsto be a i.e. it consistsof a conflorescencereducedto a single flower. The basic structure is most easily seen in E ebracteata and E. purpurea where the three ,,bracts', ("metaphylls" of Briggs & Johnson 1979) below each flower are readily visible in young flowers. Thesemetaphylls are small, sho , broad and caducous. In other speciesthe metaphyllsare difficult to see,but arepresent. They arereduced to almostfiliform structureswhich aredifficult to seebecause they are covered by the much larger and more numerous..perules,'.

The conflorescenceof Eremaea occ\rs rn many speciesas single flowers at the endsofbranches. "terminal" "anthotelic" These are not or structures,rather they are all axillary. In most speciesthe pimary axis grows on after flowering. rn E. violacea subsp.raphiophy a, the main axis frequently "anauxotelic" does not grow on. In thesecases the branch is in Briggs and Johnsonterminology.

In some species,the monadsoccur in close associationwith one anotherto form clusten "superconflorescences". ofup to 7 flowers called rn E. violaceq subsp.raphiophylla. these first order superconflorescencesmay be grouped into higher order groups so that whole branchesform an aggregationof superconflorescences. slln{ eqt s" Jo Suue^\ou Jo pua eqt le lunrqluud,{qeq1 uror; ,(teteldruoctI?J leqtre ,(lur saqol x,(1rc eqJ ,{lrlqn cruouoxul ou e^?q eseqJ spu€[3snonJrdsuoc ssel:o e:ou a,teqfeu.r seqol x,{1ec aq;

'JelJ".r€qc 'pe]ueunpur crurouoxellnJesn u aq ol punoJlou sE,rslqt.&lllq"F?^Jo esnu.eqlrlq Jo snoJq?13eq ,{ElU seqoleqlJo ao€Ins [€rxep€arlJ ur"uecs" olllncgJJp,4JeAsr Je]cel"r{c srql tnqJeful euo u"qt eJourJo lsrsuoc,{"ur tr patuerunpurflesuep uaqi[ paja,{e1e18urs eq o1,{1tuenba4 ]sour sreeddEurnluaunpul eqJ re8uol ro reuoqs aq ,("!u srrEq eqt q8noqtlE urntqtuud,{qeqt Jo t€qt ol J?l[urs ,{1lunsnsr unluarunpur go ad,{l oLIJ palueurnpurJo sno:qu1?:aq1ra sr eqoyxfpc eqt;o ecullns Frxpq€ eqJ

'ueer8 pnsn eqt uuql Jaqt"l u,ldolq eq osp feur , aq1 eleuqurg ro pe33a:ro eJrlueJeqlte alE sul8reu eq; seqol luarzlpe depe,ro,{uur 'alrprdsnr pu" elclncrJnusaurleuos eJ€se8pe Js,ro1 aq1 ur8rzut urqt eql Jo SurlloJ-ururor; ,{1pnsn '0 se{xqetuose.n:} saqolaqJ 0 [ ueqtJelEerB sr oqr: eq1;r,;e1n8ueu1 f1,trorruu,, puu 2- S.l uea^\]eqsr 'Z ortuJeqt.+r ,,ruln3ueul,, I ol pnbe ro ueqt sse[sr oDBrq]pl^\ ot qt8uet eql J! ,;u1n8uzu1.{1peo;q,, '61g-g pelpcere feq'(3161 16dd) u:eats Sur.rolloC edeqs ur:eln8ueul uego lsour eru seqol eqJ

'peasuro.r; umo:8 slu?ldpet€^qlnc uep.n:Sur peurulumrusrelnpeJ srqJ eqolz;o ssoleleldruoc oql ro seqoltuecefpugo Suqlrlds ro uorsnygo 11nsareq1 ,(puenbe4 tsotu era srequrnulsnsnun eqJ g ot t ruo4 .ft?^ uBO]nq g uaryosr Jeqr.unueqol eql'sercedsqnsslqt ul ,{Je^seqol Jo ,{lueyn8etpue :aqunu "qt seop'opDlJoJSltl 'dsgns 'uox"l odtDcotalso !, euo ^luo uy ulnrqtuedfq eqt yo rulr eqt uro4 esue seqol r{lD, eArC

'1n;esn 'snoncrdsuoc flpcnuouonl lou sr srql tllq ssalJo a:oru aq frur spurlC ,{lsnonfrqu"un eqlJtsep Jo,{gquenb ot tlnJgJrp sr U esnuceq,{lprrurouoxel pesn lou st pu" ed,t uintueunput eqt ot pel"ler ,{lesolr sr Jelc€r€qJsrql sJr€gJo esuq eql l€ sSurlle,rs eqt ^q pesnsr ssauq8no: 'oot 'qloous eqt Jo esnEreqIInp eq ,4?u lr Jo ,({Jrls seuDeruospus ,{urqsueuo uaqt pu€ eq ,(uru lunqlu?d,{q aqt Jo eceJJnseqJ ,{lFrrurouox?l lnJesnlou sr JetJE]€qcsrqJ urJ l€lsrpeql ol esaqeql neu urorg,{1prdu:ssalro e:oru spuedxa1r fluoururoc arourq8noql uor8el-pru aqtur pcupuqfc,{peeu 'eseq ,{lpuorsr?JJo aqt l" pstJrJtsuoc,(ltdnrqe sr 8uua,'rrog;o arurl eqt le untqluedfq eq1go edeqs eqJ,{ll€Jrurouox€tlnJesnsrretceJl?qcstql p4uaurnpur,{1snor:u,rro snorqelSsrwnryluqd,ty eqJ-

'enl?^ ortuouoxetJo ,{11eraua8eq ol slalJeJsqJ]Jqlo ol uoquleJur a[qeu"^ oo] sr lr uI?Aclnq'exltl eulosJoaJuecseJogur eqlJo aJnl€ajsnonf,rdsuoo € osls st slt?lq eqlJo luelue8u?J? puE edeqseq1 esnlee:?;o eq ogsuoqulndod uae,trleq elqt?u?^ ool srlr "xclsotu ut lnq,enlel crurouoxul ,,{lq?u"^ petrx{ euos Jo sr sl*Jq eqt Jo runlueunpur JelnoeqJ lle,r s€ecrJJns ptx?p" l€tsrpeql uo ',{lleuorsuJJo fra^ puu put sec€JnsIorxlqu pesodxeeql uo pelueunpur ,(1pcrd,fterl selnJedeqJ

'snue8 eqt u[llr^\ enl?^ alurouox"l,{ue el€q ol punol e:e,trad"qs Jou lequnu JreqlJeqlteuur pu€ sJe,rogJosuoucessrp ur uees fluo e.rcJall?l asaqJ u,rou{ tou sr eseql;o acuucrgru8rseq; :a,,log aqt ;o asuq,{JeA aql lp saprs ele8uola elnunu ;o requnu alq"rJ"^ E el" eJeqlseraeds ,{ueul uI seuoll,{qd tsoruJeuuraql (e^oq€ 'tuese.rdJr'sll,{qd,{xeteur ro eprsure r) ol l€lsrp punoJeJt aqJ ]roqs puE,roJJ?u,fta^ 01,{llEur]pu€ puorq pu? Suol ,4le^rteleJol (replo) lsorurelnoaql ut poqs,4lo^rtEle.ruro{ serJ?Aslce:q pecnpo:d-e1e1 esaqt;o qfuel eql ue)o:q sr ,(cutuuop ecuo ,{11n.1padole^ep ts€el tu ro pernpord slcu:q ,,rreusnld 'uoseas 3ur,ror81seleqlJo puo eqt t€ pecnpoJdseuoll,{qd eqt epnlJurslcerqaseql 0?ol I lnoq?ruo{ e8uur pu? Jaqunu ur elq€u?^ a:e ,{eqJ uoseeseql ur q[\oJ3 1srgeql se sre,rog ecnpo:d qrrqm exel DaDaata eso\lIo sJa,rou aql Jo eJu?eJsnonsrdsuoc ? rrrJoJ(selruad) s]fiJq SurJeluL{\JeAoeql

'InDruH ,2rr,rr!r I reSod 148 Nuyrsiavol. 9,No. 2 (1993) mature or they may variously become woody in the lower portions only, or completely woody and remain as part of the mature fruit. This characteris of great taxonomic significance.

Petqls Llternatewith the calyx lobes. They consist of a narrow limb whioh archesoutwards at anthesis to spread the petals widely. Above the limb, the petal expandsrapidly into an almost hemispheric lamina. The centralportion of the lamina is thick and containsa variable number of oil glands. It is surroundedby a much thinner zonewhich is eithercontinuous or variously raggedto iinely if unevenly fimbriate. The whole of the lamina is coloured similarly though usually not so brightly as the tilaments. The petals fall at the end offlowering.

Stamensarc epipetalousin origin and thusappear opposite the petals. The filaments arevariously fused at the base to form a short to long claw. When filament numbersare low, the filaments are arranged in a single plane, but when numbers increasethe claw becomesthicker with filaments appearingto ariseftom the back and front of the claw as well as tiom its distal edge. The claws may be free from each other or they may fuse slightly at the baseto form a ring. The degreeof fusion is variable on individual plants and within populationsand was not found to be taxonomically useful. The free portions ofthe filaments areeither narrowlinear andtapering only shortly at the apexor they show a narrow club-like swelling in the distal portion which then tapersto the apex. The surfaceof the filaments is either smoothor only slightly undulateorthe surfaceofthe cells may becomeshortly papillose. The filaments fall after anthesis.Either eachbundle may tall separately,or in individuals with lused claws, the whole setor groupsofbundles may fall asaunit. Filamentsare coloured usually with only one colour andthis is ofconsiderabletaxonomic value. In somepopulations colour is absent or greatly reducedin varying degreesfiom portions of the filaments leavjng pale or white zonesin purple and pink flowered speciesor pale yellow filaments jn orangeflowered species. Thesepale colours are not of general taxonomic value although they may be of horticultural interest.

Anthensare basifixed with two large loculi on either side of a simple connective. Dehisoenceis by longitudinalor diagonalslits. Small glands areusually presentin the connective andmay be found at the base,the middle, or top, but the characteris not taxonomically useful as what little variation thereis, is not consistent.The baseof theintegument is somelimesa little swollenand may contain oil glands. The anthersare yellow which variesin intensityfiom ljght to dark.

The ovary is three chambered.The top is closedby three pairs of val ves which at flowering may be above,below or at the level ofthe rim of the hypanthium. The outer surfaceofthe valve is densely indumentedwith hairsofone lengthin all buttwo species(A ebracteatq andE. purpurea) wheretherc is a conspicuous but sparseupper layer of very much longer hairs. The valves become indurated (woody) in the fruit 4.v.

The placenta rs axile and bi-lobed. Ovules are producedover its surface. Their number varies from (7)10-14(23),but generallythe largerthe ovary the more ovulesthere are. The ovulesare arrangedgenerally with 2 or 4 in the central areaand a dng of up to 15 around the periphery. Not all ovules develop into seed.It is not obvious at the time of flowering which ovules will becomeseed and which chaff.

Seedsare producedat a rate of about 1 to 6 per fruit. They are slongatepolygonal stfuctureswith longitudinal anglesfbrmed by compressionfrom the tightly packedadjacent ovules. Seedsdevelop wingsalong the compressionlines out of a singlelayer ofelongate calls which resemblea palisade. Infertile ovulodeshave no wings. The surfacesofthe seedsare glabrous or minutely chaffy, especially 'lueJed leuretl]ur3q1 o1 :uluIs 8ur:dsgo 'speas ecnpord pue alq8r^ ,{llnJ e]? speestnq pu" s1rn4Jo sJequnu JelFurs tes o1 readdu spuq,{g 'DdrD)ouopoJ y g lo ses,{puueur,{zosr aql urlno auJoqsr srgJ lsnqoJsr?edd? sralc?l?qr Burur.JepJo elrns etft lng DamaatgJo sarcedsreqlo uuql elqrue,l erour,(1praua8qloq oJeex?l aseqJ- Dazluaoqdx g pueod,tpJouopo) x ?qt.^\ auop sI st:,{lluclulouor"utpeslu8otereq ogueJsJJlppuee1qe1s ,{puetcg;ns ers q3rq,r slcnpo:d acnpord ol s.nedd? suolcas lueJaJJrpJo rxut uee,\\laq uolleslpuq,{H

'(066I {nrtsuH T set"oJ) serpnlseurfzosr uro4 pu" 'ereqpe odel sas,{lpu€clleuoqdJour qtoqruo4 setuocslqlJo uoll€turlJuoJ 'DaDuatg ut seurl ,{ueurlE pus seceld,{ueur ur parrnaooeltq ol sl€edd€uollaslplJq,{q ItJnFN

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',(lpcturouox€lluecgru8rs,(ra,,rarzlrnr;aqtJosJelJe.rtr{alsoyq'u,trorqqsrld:nd lSOlnI€pue IJEp ol u,\\orq ueplo8 Jo sep?qssnoLI" o1 u,tro;q epd 11npuo4 Jnoloc ur ,fuu,tsltrug 's3rlrsoll?J lprus l€Jeêsq1r,r,r do1 aq1 1r pareôc seqol JDln8uslrl,4lpreue8 o,|^] e^cq',odto)olhlo 'exel snue8qnslo pelrnr;-q8no'taq; se^p^ eqt lo xed?eq1? seqolqtoous l?Jueqdslxeq ,4llereue8 oL\t eÊLl'DaDw g snue8qnsJo txet pelrn4-qloous eqJ erlle^ truouoxBl auos e^€q ese[L sxul uee,lrleqserJe^ uorletueutuJo eql Jo tu:Ludole^tp Jo oar8apeql sJrlrsolttc tlt?ruspJeês qtll.r ro seqolo^\l q1,{\Jeqlre pelueururo sr se^lensr11Jo e3"JJns eq1 urnrqlued,{qeqt;o ruu eqt roô pue lno xeuer ,{"ru ,(eqt'sreqto ur 'looJeouroJaq ^llunuesse ,{aql 'se^p,r. pspnlcur ,{1daap u1 slunorueSurfre,r ot xeueJpus uedo sa,tp,r eql "&p uaql6 x,4lecpelernpur eql uror; peqol fle,lqcullsrpro saqol xflec 'um1d eql Jo sesEqpeuepreq eql Jeô al€lnpun aq fuur runrqluedfq eq1;o ruu eqJ ec"JJnsqloorus 'eJntxel 'sern1€tu ,{preyu 3ur,rue1peqs sr Jo qSnorv Surcnpord lrnrJ eql s? paursleJsr unlqlwd,{q aql Jo srurJeprdeeql Jeqlaq,r uodn Supuadep q8nor ro qloorusJaqlre si eaEJJnsJatno eql pad?qslernq ot dnc ruorr saduqssnou"^ Jo eJ€,{eql urnqtued,(q pe8;elueeql llloq peuuoJa.rc s7ry',{poo16

'Ex€tuea,rlJq lou tuc;dauo uo \poasueJ,rloq 'reuutrur luolsrsuoalou srBurploJJoural€d eqJ reqlo qoeeedola,rue ,(eqt €tnlolqo sselro eJou E ul 'elcrpElequo srxstq?!€JlseqlJo uorlenuquoc"ruroJpeeseqlur suopel,{loceqlJo srx?,{lttrludeqJ

'llu,r 'sepoln,\o frs^o eqt Jo ?.rntE^Jncleuur eqt lsuE3" 'pessa:d pue spaas,{q ae ,{eql s: elenc:t euroceq4ueceld eql;o freqdued eqt ot peqc?lle spaes '1q8rer1s 'sepoln^o 'srxu urcure; ro spaesJerllo Jar{lre ,4q paesaql ol lall€rpd'seprs ll€ uo papunorlns pue elueceldeqlgo l;ud p4uec aql ol paqJolluspees saJnt€ruu sepaas eqtgo uorluuro;ep;o ear8ap eqt or pet"leJ sr pue Jou[u sr uon?rj?^ eq; e1enc.rcfpqSrls :o 1q3rer1s,{llequess3 sr o,(Jqua eqJ

'ecuucrJruirs ciluouor?l e^?q jofi seopsrql lnq'spees alnos uo seqJl"d lq8r1pu? IrEpJo Sulptour sr areql q8noqtp u,trorqerp spoasaq1 8ur,trpue paesJouortcunfaqt:uau

'InnnuH lrrrr./r{ f reSo{ Nuytsiavol. 9,No. 2 (1993)

Hybridisation between taxa in the same Section or within a speciescomplex tends to produce minor variants of the parents. Thus for example, E. beaufortioides and E. pauciflora are extreme variations within Sectior,Eremaea,b\t there are many intergradesfound in the wild. Someofthese are sufficiently consistentand frequent to be taxonomically recognised,as in the varietiesof these two species,butfiner gradesofintermediates will be found which are difficult to place. At the level of variety in these species,the taxa defined here provide some indication of the maior trends in morphological pattems, but care is neededin using them.

Horticulture

The massesof brilliant flowers found on most speciesof Eremaea, cotpledwith the small shrub growth fbrm of many species,has attracted comment on the great potential for use in gardens. However, the genusis still very seldomseen in nurseriesor in gardens.Success has been limited and variable in easternAustralia as well as in Perth. Improper soil conditions togetherwith summerrain havebeen implicated in the lack ofhorticultural successto date. Thereis much room fbr horticultural researchwith this genus.

Fresh seedgerminates readily, as does seedat least 9 years after collection. Iron chlorosis can occur in young seedlingsbut is easily correctedwith aweak solution ofchelated iron. Most species seem able to strike from cuttings though problems have been reported with E. vlolacea subsp. raphiophylla. Generalnotes on cultivation can be found in Hubbard 1978,and Elliot andJones 1984.

Discussion

The richnessof the speciesdch shrublandsof south-westernAustralia has beenknown sincethe days of the early Europeancollectors. The bipolar distribution ofdchness betweenthe "northern,, "southern" and sandplainswas commented on by Diels (1906)and lu herconfirmed by Speck(1958). The concentrationofcertain taxain shrublandsofthe deepsand rerirs thoseon the rocky lateritewas elaboratedby Hnatiuk & Hopkins(1981) and morerecently by Brown (1989).

The variation in morphology andisozymesappears tobe very slmllarln Eremaeq.The sameinfra generic groupings were found in the separateanalyses and the samegeographic pattern of variation was found in the two studies. The close relationship of some of the tana to each other was also conflrmed.

Testing of seedfrom a number of taxa showedthat they producednew plants that were identical with their parents- therewas no obvious segregationin theprogeny. Theisozyme analyses,however, found greatervariability wjthin ta-xathan betweenthem. Sampleswere small in eachcase and further work is neededbefore firm conclusionr can be drawn about genetic and morphologic stability of populations.

Hybddisation, relatively but not very recent,has been strongly indicated for E x codonocarpaand E. xphoenicea,andsuggestedfor another, E. dend.roidea,althoughperhaps at somemoreremotetime, but many of the taxa are very closely related (cl Coates& Hnatiuk 1990).

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'pur,tr aqt ,(q 1es:edsrpur pelsrss€a^?q ^E\u Daowatg Io speespe3ur,r,l eq1 peurnteJsuorypuoa crserueJoru rege uorlela8a,res.ryds € qlr.r puul Jo uorsr?Aur-eJprdeJ u uro4 selep o.rol[1Jnod JEL oto[tcmd g 1ouognqulsrp peerdsepr.traq] sdeqred (9161rel,trog) lueserdeq1 a:o;eq srua,{ggg'9 1 - 000'8I setuacar s" ,{luo s€^\"llEJlsnv uJotsa,r-q}nosur flrpue JolEurJopoued lsEleqJ tse,rqlnosaql ur sarcads3o uo4nqr.t1speq1 uo lrdurr roferue peq e,ruqtsmu o8l srue,(puesnoql ,reJ e s€ flluacel '"1€p s€ urua?pu? ule eoerolsreld eqt Jo stq8nolp pel?lnlsodaql lnq eql uoJJ pI?Seq touuec luecel ,tro11 ur8rro luecer;o Sureqse ueassr 1r;r 3u11zzndssel sr rere peerdsapr,re qcns urqlr^\ uotletaeds 'os 'oaDwalg Jo {r?l aql ,{.ro1rr:el,teu olur Supea.rdsprdur puu lua3er slueseJdoJlr ueqt sr srqtJI uol]ces Jo ]ueaer lsoru eql sdpqJadsr uoxul puerdsapr.trslq] tsqt 1se33nssesfpue cru,{zosr eq1 'o?ullo.rd l"Jruelogtsa,\\qlnoSaqlJo tsareqlJo qonrutnoq8no]qlpJollpnod Je^oJol{1Jnodg serleds elqerre,la13urs 1nq peardsapr,r ,(ral eql ol ts€r1uocur sltutsrp ur,r{-Surpeq 1luurs,{1a,rqe1ar eq1 ut ?x€lJo ^lrsuap qBrqaqlJo lsPrluoaeql sI oaDwatg utut")]I.duorlnqrrtsrp8ur{uts tsolu aqt sd€qJad

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'InDruH ,amrlrrA I reSod 152 NuttsiaVol 9.No.2 (1991)

The seeming morphologic uniformity within each population in this widespreaddistribution suggeststhat eachpopulation could havebeen founded by one or afewpropaguleswhich is consistent with the hypothesisofrecentwind dispersal.The isozymestudy did not samplethe geographicrange of E. pauciflora, and only one population came from the region of extensive distribution. This population was at Tutanning, and was secondonly to two populatiottsof E. fi.mbriata in observed heterozygosity(Coates & Hnatiuk 1990). While this hints srongly that the hypothesisof spreading suggestedheremaybe correct,furtherdataarerequired. Given sufficienttime, geneticisolation could "species" be expectedto result in many more acrossthis large area.

Further research

Significant questions remaining unresolved concem details of the evolutionary relationships between populations and taxa in sectlorlEremaea, in particular, the complex of taxa included in E. beaufortioides and E. pauciflora. Further field work is needed,but the extensiveclearing in the arearoughly boundedby Gingin, Jurien,Eneabba and Windsor, aswell asthroughout the 'wheatbelt' region, may have destroyedmany of the impoftant populations.

In needoftesting andconfirmation arethe hypothesesraised here concerning relative agesoftaxa and the directions of speciationand geographicspreading.

Eremaea

Eremaea Lindley, Sketch Veg. Swan R. xi (1829).

Non Eremia Don, Ericaceae; Non Eremeeopsis KLtntze, nom. illeg.

Zypu.r:not specified. Lectotype (here chosen):Eremaea ericiJoliaLindley (= E. pauciflora (End].) Dr:uce.)(Lectotype: CGE; photos CBG, PERTH).

Shrubsor small trees;with or without lignotubers. Branches spreadingor ascending,sometimes very densely intergrown; indumentum on young branchlets conmonly two-layered, inner layer tomentoseand glabrescent,the outer pilose may persist. Overwintering bractJ (perules)numerous, conspicuouslysurrounding flowers in speciesthat flower on old wood. Ieayes linear, oblong, ovate, elliptic, or obovate,straight, reflexed or incurved, mucronateor obtuse;indumentum as for perules; longitudinal veins on lower surface none, I or many; leaves flat or tdqueftous in cross-section. Flowers axillaty although appearing terminal in species where the flowers are the first growth following winter dormancy; single or in conflorescencesup to about 9; flowers on old or new wood. Hypanthium campanulate,glabrous and shiny and occasionallyglutinous, or variously indumented and dull. Caly:r of five triangular lobes, in a few populations4 or 6 lobes occur and are genetically fixed, with or without thin auriculatelower margins;glabrous or variously indumented;persistent or caducousin part or in total. Petels neJrowat base,greatly expandedand somewhathemispheric in upper part, the cenbe of the upper part thick and glandular,surrounded by a thin margin that is wide at the sidesand either wide or naffow at the apex,ma.rgin entire or variously ciliate to ragged;wide- spreading;coloured similar to stamensbut less intensely. Filaments flsed into a claw usually of l/2-114 length of stamensforming five grcups alternatewith petals; groups may be free or slightly and irregularly fused togetherat their basaledges; free portions of filaments in two or more inegular " " " ' saplotuolnDaq Z L elEô Jo Jndrlle seâe-I n DtoL[Dnod? g c4dr11a,(1,,,roJJEu Jo J€eurl se^.ea.I t " " t eôqPs" lou lrn4'eBu"ro sluetllplrC t " '1urd '{urd Dp!1qw{ g l eJulJo ,roJrcu ,fue^qlr^\ eluloarn }rn{ 1:ep ro stueuulrd € z1 pexeue.rpu" peussxe seÎu,\lrn.rc z 0l seqolJo u"d re,ro1 ,{q tou ro pesoltue pue pa esxa salle^ trn.rC Z " " g pepnlJul{t,tollsqs ,{1uo.ro lrnrg;o urr: Surqczelse^p^ lrnJC Z " t pepnlcurfldeep sa^p^ trnrC Z " ,l DdjoJolDlo Sqns elettturur"u ,{peln8arrrro fgt;,tr .{1eurgqcee;o ece;:ns qtr,r peqol-Z sa^le^ :,{)pU '(pat€J8eturslp tnq tueserdsrur:eprda e r) q8noJltruJ Jo eceJlnsletno I " Z DaDwa.tgBqns seqot Jueqdsrueq sselJo eJour6 Sur,reqpue qloours saÎ"^ :sqt,rolStno f1roc e,lrq ro s8ulllendseJr4rnsqns tuo.rg,tdrunl :uadde,{eur 1r qSnoqtp (paqs np ^trueu ro 11usrruraprda a r) qloous trn.rJJo eJrJrnsretno I

salcadspue uxel cuauaie{ul ol ,{eX

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'InWuH ?arulr{ f raSo}J NuytsiaVol.9, No.2 (1993)

5. Flowersborne on last season's wood ...... ,...... 6 5. Flowersborne on currentseason's wood ...... 8 6. Filamentsorange ...... 7 6. Filamentspink, or darkpink...... 16. E. x phoenicea 7. Flowersterminal on long branches,fruits cylindrical to slightlyobconic.....9. E. dendroidea 7. Flowersterminal on shortlaterals along long branches,ftuits globose....6. E. blackwelliana 8. Filamentspink ... 10.E. purpurea 8. Filamenlsorange...... 9 9. Fruit dm withoutlobes, leaves narowly ellipticto oblong,a smalltee whenmature .....9. E. dendroidea 9. Fruit rim undulate,leaves linear, or obovate-ellipiticand broadly . boat-shapedwhen &y, shrubto aboutl m whenmature .8. E. ebracteata 10. Flowersborne on lastseason's wood...... 15.E. x codonocarpa 10. Flowersborne on cunent season's wood ...... 11 11. Filamentsorange, leaves linear, or obovate-elliptic...... 8.E ebracteata 11. Filamentspink, or darkpink, leavesnarow, ovate,elliptic to obovate...... 10. E. purpurea 12. Leavesstrongly mucronate...... i3 12. Leavesnot mucronate .3. E. atala 13. Leavesstraight or reflexedin upperpart, >1.2 mm wide,longest perules>3 mm long ...... 4.E. had.ra 13. Leavessinuate, or up-turnedin upperpart, <1.2 mm wide,longest perules<3mm long 2. E- violacea 14. Leafveins seen on lowersurface 0 or 1 .....,...... 15 14. Leafveins seen on lower surface 3...... 17 14. Iraf veinsseen on lowersurface 5 or more...... ,...... 18 15. Filamentsorange, ftuiting valveswith two denselytomentose, mammillatelobes...... 16 15. Filamentspink, or darkpink, ftuiting valveswith two glabrescent, smoothlobes surrounded by fringeof hairs...... 1.5.E. x codonocarpa 16. Flowersterminal on long branches,longest perules attenuate, tomentose...... 13.E ectadioclada 16. Flowersterminal on shortlaterals along long branches,longest perulescontracted at apex,mostly glabrous or ciliate...... 12. E. qcutifolia 17. Filamentsorange, leaves broad and multiveined ...... 14.E. qsterocarpa 17. Filamentspink, or daxkpink, leavestriquefious, raf,ely flat, 1- or 3-veined...... L5.E. x codonocarpa 18. Perulesciliate, back glabrous or distallytomentose... .14.E. asterocarpa 18. Perulesvillous...... 11.E brevifolia I

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,{uouoxBI

'$I1EUH Darlrrrr' I reSod 156 NuyrsicVol.9, No.2 (1991) used. In the caseof E. ebracteata,where geographicseparation existed, but only one conspicuous "variety" characterdistinguished the taxa,then was used.

The classificationis summarisedin Table 2. Formal descriptionsof new infragenedctaxafbllow.

Eremaea Lindley subg. Eremaea

Shrubsorsmall trees with leaveslinear to elliptic,flowers surrounded byfewor numerousperules, stamensconspicuous, violet, pink or orange,anthers yellow, basillxed,opening by longitudinalor oblique slits; fiuits woody, smooth outer wall, valves bi-lobed and srnooth, seeds with several palisade-likewings.

A subgenusof four sections (.Ebracteata,Eremq.ea, Finbriatq, and Violacea) containing 10 species.

Eremaea sect. Eremaea

Shrubs,with or withoutlignotubers: leaves linear, narrowly or broadlyelliptic, veins 1-7, rarely 0; flowers with numerous perules; anthersorange; fruits light or coppery brown, valves deeply included or at rim of fruit.

A sectionofthree speciesand six varieties-E. beaufortioidesvar. beaufonioides, E. beaufortioides yar. Iachnosanthe,E. beaufortioidesyar. microphylla, E. blackweLliana,E. paucifLoravar. pauciJlora, E. pauciflora var. calyptru, E. paucifToravar. lonchophlLLa.

Eremaea sect.Ebracteata R.J. Hnatiuk sect.nov.

Fruticesvel arboresparvae, cum vel sine lignotuberibus;folia linearia,oblooga, ovata vel elliptica,venis 1 raro0 vel 3;flores perulispaucis vel multis;stamina aurantiaca vel rosea;fructus pallide brunneus,cupreus vel cano-brunneus,laevis sed interdum eruptionibus suberosis;valvae fructuslobis 2laevis labiaequantes vel exsefia.

Typus.E. ebrqcteala F. Muell.

Shrubsor smalltrees, with or withoutlignotubers; leaves linear, oblong, ovate or elliptic,veins I rarely 0 or 3; flowers with few or many perules,stamens orange or pink; fruit light brown, coppery or grey brown, smooth but sometimeswith corky eruptions;valves with two smooth lobesreaching rim or exserted.

A section of three speciesand two vadeties - E. dendroide.t,E. ebrqcteat{tvat. brachyphylla, E. ebracteata \ar. ebr(rcteqtq,E. purpurea.

Eremaea sect. Fimbriata R.J. Hoatiuk sect. nov.

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Table 2. Summary classilication of the genusEremaea

Group Species Infraspecies

l. subg. Eremaea ( smooth fruited)

1.1 sect.Fimbriatq fimbriata 1.2 sect. Violacea violacea subsp.violqceq subsp. raphiophylla atala hadra 1.3 sect.Eremaea pauciflora var. pauciflora var. cqllptrq vat. lonchophylla blackwelliana beaufortioides var. beaufottioides Yar. lachnosanthe var. microphylla 1.4 secl.Ebracteata ebracteata yat. ebracteata var. brachyphylla dendroidea purpurea

2. subg. Okriocarpa (rough fruiteo, (taxonomicallyall in onesection)

brevifulia acutifoliq ectadio cl.ada asterocarpa. subsp, asterocarpa s\bsp. histocbda slbsp. brachyclada

3. speciesof putativehybrid origin

3.1 x codonocarpa 3.2 x phoenicea

The most important suite of characters found to be useful i n classifying Eremaea have been: the surfaceofthe fruits, the lobing of the fruits, thepositioningofthe valvesrelative to the rim of the fruit; the number of veins visible on the undersurfaceof the leavesand leaf shape. Stamencolour can be useful.

Somerecent major publicationsdealing with Erenaeahaveused a number ofcodes to desi€nate taxa. The cunent namesapplying to thesecodes are given in Table 3. DdtoJouopoJ x g (L{V) 9n9lol^ Y olloty,atq 59 g odtocota|so dsqns DdtDJoJaiso g (Egy) EDuolr^atq Jle g 'E '!!e ppplJolpDlca (Zgy) Z DltoJi^arq A DpDlJoisly dsqns adncotalso g figy) 1puolotq ge g DrpDqa \21\Y) Z DarDlo!^ IJE g plolp g \ILV) I DacDlo!^ JJe E p17tt1do14dtu dsqns oanlota g oacolo!^ E 'm^ 'lIB Dll(xld(LlrDrq 2roaJrprqa E \IYg) I plDatJt2.tqa g 0aplolpuap E (Vdy) I DtoLfi7nDd!!e A DllKqdolcrw m^ saprcluolnoaqi A (E4y) g otollrtnod lgu g 'g DUKqdoqruol m^ DroL[lrnDd (ZtrV) ZproLfenod EE fl DuoulaMlrolq a CdV) I DrcA[lrnDdlJE g

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DaDaarg'inllEuH I reSod 160 Nuytsiavol. 9,No. 2 (1993)

1. Eremaea fimbriata Lindley, Sketch Veg. Swan R. xi (1829). (Figure 3)

"Swan Typus. \ot specified; Lectotype(herc chosen) River, Drummond, 1839" (lectotype: CGE, isolectotype: K; photos CBG, K, PERTH). Thesespecimens appear identical and likely therelbre to be from the samegathering and to representthe mate al usedby Lindley in compiling his description. The K specimenshave been annotatedby Bentham as EremaeafimbriataLindley.

Eremaearosea Gardnerand George, Journal ofthe Royal Societyof WestemAustralia 46:134(1963) "Maida is a taxonomicsynonym. Typas: Vale, in sand,A.S. George 4161, September 10,1962." (PERTH), rl)t" ffiffitJ(, l\h W(l

Flgtxe3. L. Jimbriata: a:fruils. side view and oblique view oftop;b:lcavcs, side andback views i c: hypanthiumand calyx, on left with perules,on right perulesremoved; d: style md top ofovary; c: stamenif: habit. 6 km W of Brand Hwy on S mosf road to Nambung Natl Pk, R.1 l],1dri'lk780100 (PERTH). All scalebars = l0mm.

Shrub, 50 cm tall: sometimes Iignotuberous. Branches spretLdingto ascending. Branchlet indLmlentumtwolayered with sparsepilose outer layer, inner densely tomentose. Over wintering b,"acl"rl6 l8 perterminalbud;ovate to oblong;4.5-6.2mm long,3.2-4.2mm wide;indumentumonelayered,tomentose on edgesand all over back; smooth. Leavesnarrowly ovate;acute;4-8mmlong, 0.5-4 mm wide; 1 vein below or rarely nonevisible in thick leavesor 3 in wide, rapidly grown leaves; indumentum two-layered,upper pilose (max. length of hairs 1.1mm),lower denselytomentose; dry leafcross-sectionflat, thin ( slightly incurved at margins). PetioLes0.2-7 mmlong. Flowersterminal on long branches, (occasionally terminal on short laterals but not as in E. violacea) along long brancheson last season'swoocl; 1 per inflorescence.Hypanthium canpanulate,4-4.7mm,2-3.5 mm wide; indumentum two-layered,upper layer densevillous only on lower half of hypanthium, Iower layer densetomentose all over; smooth, outer surface dull, but wrinkled longitudinally when dry. Crul1x lobes triangular; 1.5 2 mm long, I .,1-2.5mm wide; sparselyto denselypubescent with tuti at tip, caducous.Petals 2.8-4.6 mmlong, 3.5mm wide;glandssparse; thin-margin na owatapexand 'otDlrqa{ Z Jo uoqnqtrlsrc t arn8rC

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'{nq€uH ,rrlrrrg f toSod Nu),tsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

Habittlt.Lateitic rplands to coastalplains; associatedvegetation low open heath,or low woodland (of Banksia spp.with dense50 cm tall understorey);soil grey sandover laterite, light brown sand, or lateritic gravel.

Flowering period. July to September.

Notes. E.fimbriateis the speciesmost morphologically, ecologically, and isozymaticallydistinctive within Eremaea.Its leavesare narrow, densely arranged, tending to the erect.Itflowers inmid-winter before any other speciesflowers. Its fruits are unique in shape. The orifice of the ftuit is generally too small to allow the winged seedsto come out when the fruit dries. This meansthat seedsare dispersedgenerally only after the ftuits have beenburned or otherwisedecay. Its distinctnessfrom other specieswas reinforced in the isozyme studiesof Coatesand Hnatiuk (1990).

Conservqtionstatus. This speciesis probably not threatened.

Etymology. The name comesfrom the Latin wordf mbriatus meanlngfringed, and may refer to the often persistentlong hairs on the margins of leaves,though the author ofthe name,Lindley, did not specify this.

2. Eremaea violaceaF. Muell. Fragm.11:10 (1878)

"Upper " rypr.r: lrwin's and Arrowsmith's Rivers, Nov. 1877,F. Muell (holo: MEL; iso: K; photos; CBG, PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District betweenHill and GreenoughRivers.

Habitat. On lateritic gravels and grey deep sandin species-richlow kwongan.

Etymology, The name comes from the Latin word violaceus meanitgviolet coloured and refers to the colour of the stamens.

There are two subspecies.

Key to subspecies

Leaves flat, at least on top, not needle-like ...... 2a, sttbsp.violacea Leaves needlelike, terete or ovoid in cross-section ... 2b. subsp.raphiophylla

2a. Eremaea violacea F. Muell. subsp.violacea (Figure 71)

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t9L Drrdar1 {nqpuH f rJSoU t64 NultsraVol. 9, No.2 I I99l)

Habitat. Lateritic and broad uplands; associatedvegetation kwongan: open heath, or low closed heath;soil grey sandover red brown clayey sand,grey sandover laterite,or rarely light brown sand'

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Notes. E. violaceu strbsp.',t i0lacea belongsto sectionViolacea. ItiS distinguishedfrom E. Ltala by its patternof branchingwhich combinesmaj or branchesalong with numerousshort latelal Shoots,and narow, generally incurving leaves(see notes \nder E. atala for f]urtherdetails). From subspecies raphioph y'ltaitls rlistinguishedby its leavesthat areflattened on top and frequently havea prominenl midrib below; flowers are frequently producedon new wood, even though there are usually only a few new leaves betweenthe perules and hypanthium

The Type and Isotype ol E. vioLaceTs\bsp. violaceq have localities which are all north of the Arfowsmith River and thereforerepresents indisputably the northerntaxon of the section. until now, the name hasbeen applied to any violet floweredEremqea of which the populationsaround Eneabba have becomethe bestknown. The EneabbaMt Lesueurtaxon is however diStinctfrom the northern taxon and is now distinguishedas subspeciesraphiophtt[a

In the protologueof E. violacea,Mueller refersto the gleats tmilat'rty of E. violaceato E. acLftifoLia. This similarity is strongbetween the northernsubspecies ofE. ylolncea,but lessso with south-weslern subspecies(rapfrlophylla). The similarities ofE. vioLaceas|bsp. t iolacea to E. acutifolia arc ]lrthe flowering often being on very short lateralsalong long major brancbes,in the shapeand disposition o1,theleaves, especially as they grow old anddeflex, andin the tendenoyfbr the fluits to be depressed- ovoid in outline rather than cupulate. These two taxa differ jn the colour of the stamensand the ornamentationand degreeof reflexing of the fruiting valves.

Consert)ationstatus. This subspeciesis known from only a 1'ewpopulations. It is olassifiedas Prjorily Two - Poorly Known Taxa.

2b. Eremaea violaceasubsp. raphiophylla R.J.Hnatiuk subsp.nov. (Figure6)

Frutex sine lignotubero. Folia angusteobovata, in sectionetransversali ovoidea, mucronata, glabra;vena in paginainferiote 0 vel 1. Floresjn ramulisbrevibus lateralibus ramorum longorum anni proximi terminalesI 7, per infloresentia.Hypanthium campanulatum, indumento bistrato, stratoSupero villoso, infero parce pubescente. Lobi calycistriangulares, glabli vel villosi, caduci. Staminai n parlequarta inferiore connata, papi))osa, violacea, raro alba et vjolacea.Fructus cupulatus ad globosus,laevis, elobatus,atro-violaceo brunneus;valvae exsertaereflexiae ad apicem lobis 2 prominentjbus hemisphericisornatae.

Typa-s:6 knr N ofJurienrd onCockleshell Gully rd;30"14'S lat , I I 5"10 Elon1 ,R.J.Hnatiuk180192, 17 Oct. 1978.

Shrub, 50 om tall; not lignotuberous. Branches almost prostrate to ascending BrqflclxLet indumentuntwo layeled, denselypi loseouter layer, inner denselypubescent. Ove r-wintering bracts l3 39 perterminal bud;oblong,2.1-3.5 mm long,1.5-2.5 mm wide;indumentumoneJayered, pilose, on edgesand rarely on upper (distal) back; finely striate. leares narrowly obovateto linear, acute, pungent,mucronate; 6. l- 12.5mm long,0.4- 1.2 nun u ide;0 or occasionally1 vein below;incurved; glabrous or indumentum twolayered, outer layer pilose, inner tomentose;dry leaf cross-section 'ruur ''rPq 0l esr$reqroptln}pur lou eFcS (HIdAd) €i€08, tritrrtl T y'lqqleuaJo S rut 9Z IqPq :3 :(urul I rEqeF.s) Jtqr Pu€poes :J :(ullu S rvq aFrs) ,{llr^o Jo dolpw el{ls:a:(u[u I sl]BlopJo req eFss) reqloBpu€ ueur?tsJo lJutep selpunqFtlul?ls o^r\1:p:(tuulSreqellrrs)r3^\0U:J 's]Jnt! g :(urur 9 r€q olecs)xed! Jo lretepqll^\ Jlol :q :ant€ul{llnJ rou sI euo raddn :e tqt{Ido1UdDt dsqnsrarrldin 9 arn8rC

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DarxlrJ? lnqEUH I irSod Nuytsi.Voi. 9. No. 2 (1991) tfiangular or ovoid. Petioles 0.3-7 mmlong. Flowers terminal on sho lateralsalong long branches oflast season'swood; fragrance sweet; 1-7 per inflorescence. Hypqnthium campanulate;3-4 rnm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide; indumentum twoJayered, upper layer denselyvillous; lower layer densely tomentoseall over; outer surface,uneven, dull, finely mamrnillate. Calyx lobes broadly tdangular; 1.3-3.2 mm long, 2-2.7 mm wide; indumentum sparseor dense,villous to glabrousl caducous,or persistent,but not enlarging. Petals 2.3-4.5 mm long; glands sparse;thin-margin wide, weakly frrnged. Stamens24-32 per bundle; filaments fusedin lower quarter;papillose (especiallyin upper parts);7.2-9mmlong;violet (rarely whitish orpinkish);swollen distally;claw 2-2.5 mm long,0.8 2.3 mm wide,joined variouslyto adjacentclaws. Oyarywith 10-l2ovulesperloculus;valves densely short-pubescentwithout sparselong hairs. S4'le 8-13 mm long, glabrous,or rarely indumented on lowerquarter. Frrrllcupulate, orglobose;5-6 mm long,6-7.5 mmwide;smooth;dark purylish brown, rarely paler; without lobes,or rarely with smallpointedlobes; valves exserted and reflexed, apex with two prominent irregularly hemisphericallobes. Seeds1.5-2 mm long; rough to smooth; shedfreely when fruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: betweenJuden Bay and Gingin, D. Cl1,neNSW no.146264(NSW); Mt Lesueur,N alongCockleshell Gully Rd,R.J. CranfieUS28 (PERTH);approx. 20 miles [34 km] south of Eneabba,H. Demarz'749 (PERTH); Badgingara, C.A. Gardner 1.0257 (PERTH); Western Titanium Leases,8 km S of Eneabba,E.A. Griffin 1173 (PERTH); 19 km E of Green Head on Gfeen Head-Jurien road, foothills of Gairdner Range, ,I.A. Halliday 146 (AD, PERTH); c. 12 km N of Eneabba,R.J. Hnatiuk760247 (PERTH); on roadside,5 km S of Coomallo Creek on Brand Highway, R.J. Hnetiuk 7 61451 (PERTH); 1 km E of Lake Indoon, R.J. Hnqtiuk 761418 (PERTH); 6 km N of Jurien Rd on Cockleshell Gully Rd, R."/. Hnqtiuk 780192,780193, 780194, 780196, 780198 (PERTH); 10 km S of Eneabbaon Westem Titanium Rd, R.J. Hnatiuk 780216 (PERTH); 7 km E of junction of Coorow-GreenheadRd and Cockleshe Gully Rd, R.J. Hnqtiuk780263,780264,780265 (PERTH); 10n s [16 km] eastofJurien B ay,K. Newbey 2351 (PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District, betweenthe Anowsmith and Hitl Rivers (Figure 5).

Hdbitqt. On the coastal plain and isolated mesa of the Gairdner Range. Associated vegetation kwongan: open heathor low, closedheath; soil: grey sandover red-btown clayey sand,or grey sand over laterite, or light brown sand.

Flowering period. Septemberto October.

Notes. E.yiolacea subsp.raphiophyllabelongs to section yiol.ecea.Itis distrnguishedfromE. etala by narrow, needleJike, incurved leavesand flowering on last season'sshort lateral shoots,and habit which is low and spreading.The low habit and narrow leavesalso distinguishit from E. hadra. From svbsp.yiolqcea it is distinguishedby leavesthat are ovoid in transection,not flat on top; by leaves that only incurye, not decurve with age; and flowers that are only on old wood, not new wood.

The populations near Eneabbatend to have flowering on well developedshort laterals,whereas those to the eastofthe Gairdner range show this characterless strongly and also have more needlelike leavesthan those near Eneabba.

Conservationstatus. This speciesseems well protectedin severalnational parks and reservesin the area. The security of sites from gross disturbanceas from open-pit rnining must be monitored as regenerationappears to be vety adverselyaffected by such disturbance. 'eluelcl 'puES re^o pu€s etlq,\\ ro u,t\orq IqAII llos :DuolJpoJsrrldtp)nE pue seneds wnPwol(X 'qtBeq pue omluog lueaJeluoqll^\ qlEequedo lo pesolc :uu8uo,tr1uor1ele3e^ pelBrcossY eqqueug '.spvaldn pu" uer:nl uee,rleq uuld lelseoc epr,r\eqt Jo lspa eql o1 xnleluld eql uo peoJg JDJIqDH

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'InqcuH ,aruarA' I mSod 1',70 NuytsiaVol.9, No. 2 (1993)

4. Eremaea hadra R. Hnatiuk sp. nov. (Figure 7a-g)

Frutex sine lignotubero. Folia angusteobovata ad angusteelliptica, acuta,muronata, indumento bistrato, strato superopiloso, infero tomentoso,vel breviter strigoso;vena in paginainfedore 1 vel raro 3. Flores in ramis longis terminales,vel in ramulis brevibuslateralibus ramorumlongorum anni proximi terminales, 2 9 per infloresentia. Hypanthium campanulatum,indumento bistrato, strato supero dense villoso, infero parce pubescente. Lobi calycis angustetriangulares, villosi, caduci. Staminain parte quartainferiore connata,papillosa, violacea. Fructuscupulatus ad globosus,Iaevis, elobatus, atro-violaceo-brunneus,valvis exse is reflexis ad apicem lobis 2 prominentibus hemisphaericisornatis.

Typus: 7 .7 km E of Junction of Brand Hwy and BadgingarraRoad, c. 30"25'S lat., I 15"34'E long., 14Nov. 1978,R."/.f/natiuk180327 (.holo:PERTH;photo:CBG).(isotypes R/1780324,RJH 780330).

"Eremaea Illustrations.R.J. Hubbard, Australian Plants 10:16 (1978), as violacea";W.R.Elliot & "Eremaea D.L. Jones,Encyclopaedia of AustralianPlants 3:421 as aff. yioLqceaB" .

Shrub,140 cmtal|. not lignotuberous. Branches ascendilrgto erect,but becoming spreadingin matureplants. Branch[et indumenlurutwo-layered with denselyor spamely,pilose outer layer; inner densely or sparsely,coarsely tomentose. Over-wintering bracts 17-36 pet terminal bud; elliptic to oblong;6.2-7.4 mm long,2.7-3.5 mm wide;glabrous, or indumentumonelayered tomentose all over back or rarely fimbdate; striate. Leayes narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, acute, strongly mucronate;7.6- 12.3 mm long, 1.2-2.6 mm wide; I rarely3 veinsbelow; indumentum two-layered, upper layer pilose,lower layer tomentoseto shortly strigose;dryleafcross-sectiorlflat,thin. PetioLes 0.5-1 mm long. Flov,ers termir'al on long branches,or on short lateralsalong long branchesof last season'swood; 2-9 per inflorescence;tiagrance taint, sweet Hlpanthium campanulate;3.5-5mm long 3-4 mm wide; indumentum twolayered, upper layer dense, villous; lower layer sparse, pubescent,all over; outer surface uneven,dull, finely mammillate. Calyx lobes narrow triangular; 2.7 5.5mrn long, 2-3 mm wide;villous; caducous. Petals 4.4 5.2mm long,4.3 5.3mm wide;glands sparse;thin-margin wide, weakly fringed. Stamens19-25 per bundle; filaments fused in lowerquarter or lower half;papillose; 10.5-11.6 mm long;violet; swollen distally; claw 2-2.5mm long,2-2.7 mm wide. Ovary with 10-1 3 ovulesper loculus; valvesdensely shoft-pubescent without sparselong hairs. Sryle13.5- 17 mm long;indumented on lowerquarter to lowerhalf. Fraltcupulateto globose;5.6-6.5 mm longi smooth; dark purplish brown; 5-6.8 mm wide; without lobes;valves exserted and reflexed, tips of valves eachwith two prominent hemisphericlobes. SeedsI .3-2 mm long; rough; shedfreely when fruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Badgingana,A.M. Ashby 762 (AD)139 miles [62.4 km] West of Coorow on roadto Eneabba,1l.Denarz 2935 (PERTH);AlexanderMorrison National Park, Coorow GreenheadRd, eastof Brand Hwy , E.A. Grffin 1556(PERTH); 48 km from E (Gunyidi) end of Marchagee Track, near Dewar Rd junction, R.J. Hnatiuk 780405 (PERTH); Mingenew, H. SleednianNSWl46263 (NSW); c. 3 km E of Badgingarra,D.1E. Whibley 4858 (AD, PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District betweenArrowsmith and Hill Rivers, but confined to the edgesof the plateaux which rise to the east,above the coastalplain betweenEneabba and Jurien (Figure 9).

Habitat. Edge of escarpments;associated vegetation kwongan: open heath, closed heath, or low closed heath; soil grey sand over laterite, or white sand. 'seAIIEIeJ '?uoJls tsesop sll ot uosrredurocur lueld eqlJoJelr?l€qc lsnqoj,{[e^4cur]sIp eql ol sleJelpue 'e3J3l 'pedole^eplle^\ SuruBeuJsolpDq pJoi {eeJC eql tuo4 seurocerrr?u se\JedsaLll'KSolowtgg

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5. Erernaeapauciflora (Endl.)Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brt IslesRep. 1916, Suppl.2 :622 ( l9l7)

Base nametMetrosideros paucifloraEndl., Enumeratio Plantr\rm...Huegel (.1837): 50.

?)p&r; SwanRiver (Hagel.).(holo:W; photos: CBG, K, PERTH)

Distributiott. Irwin, Drummond, Dale, Menzies,Warren, Eyre, Roe, Avon, andCoolgardie Districts.

Hqbitat. Latetitic lplands to coastalplains; associatedvegetation kwongan; low closedheath, low woodland, or open low woodland; soil grey sand,or grey sandover light brown or yellow sand.

Notes. E. pauciflora is a member of sectionErenaea. It is the most widesprerdof Eremaeaspectes. 11 occurs throughout the South West Botanical Province as a series of isolated populations. Morphological variation is higb, but suitesof linked charactershave not been found which would allow readyrecognition ofinfraspecies. The isozymestudies ofCoates and Hnatiuk (1990) did not sample the geographicrange o1'thisspecies. Much more detailed work is neededto understandthe "species' natureof variationin this

Et1'mology. The name comesliom the Latin words pducu,!meaning few andfora meaning tlower. The nrme refersto the lew flowers\een on \ome specimen:.

Key to varieties

I Leavesnirrrowly elliptic, leaf veins I or 3 ...... 5b. var.lonchophylla L Leaves linear or very narrowly obovate,leaf veins I 2. Hypanthiumcovered by large,clasping, spathulate bracts, fiuits with orifice nearlyas wide asfruit ...... 5c. var. calyptra 2. Hypanthium closely covered by usually ovate concavo convex bracts, fruits with odfice much lessthan width offruit...... 5a.var. pauciflora

5a. Eremaea pauciflora (Endl.) Druce var. pauciflora (Figure 10)

"Swan "N.B. E. ericifolia Lindley, River, N. Holland,Drummond"; E. pllosa Lindley, Ward dirt., SwanRiver District,Comm. L Mangles11337".

ShraD,200 cm tall; with or without lignotubers.,Braaclres spreading, forming low moundedshrubs to tal l, infundibular large shrubs.Branchlet indumentrfiioneJayered, dense, tomentose, glabrescent. Orer-)Nintering bracts 12-24 per terminal bud; ovate to obovate; 2-6.7 mm long, 1 4.7 mm wide; indumentum one layered, linely puberulous and ciliate; on edgesto all over back; sllrale. Leqves linear,rarely narrowly elliptic to obovate,obtuse; 2.9 7.9 mm long, 0.6-1.6mm wide; 0-l veins below; glabrous, or indumentum one- or twoJayered, upper layer densepilose, lower layer dense tomentose;dry leaf cross-sectiontriangular. Petioles 0.6-1.1 mm long. Flowers terminal on long branches of last season's wood; 1 rarely 2 per inflorescence; fragrance none or faint, sweet. Hypanthiumlong,campanulate,2.9-5mm 1ong,2.83.9 mm wide,glabrous,orindumentumone two layered,very dense,velutinous upperlayer (at baseonly sometimes),lower layer tomentose;al I over '(p e) slretapol sraroj auo rq8u'(.) s8ur^\Erplqeq o^\1ol sJ.Jer3uo +eD tttut OI sJtq ep.s IIV (HIdAd) 081I plaluto ? y 'loe.qs 'llqeq llrEd elolcl^ lrr^Aleg puc ocerral ^\el^lllH :e :olfls :p :pe^oruer selu€d qlFt arn34 tuolloq'sefued qllr{ 'srlul 3jngg dot runqruxd,{q:r:s^\er^ prlra^ prrEepls Juol:q:s,$el^ dol pu! apls :E :rurlrrrrd ll?^Dn rnDd g cl elx.Bl|c

2rr1r"r? 5{nqeuH f raSod 174 NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

or variously indumented and glabrous; outer surface uneven, finely mammillate to tuberculateto smooth, usually shiny, but wrinkled longitudinally when dry. Calyx lobes cuspidate, broadly triangular,lower margins somewhat auriculate; 1.3-3 mm long,1.5-2.5 mm wide;indumentumsparse to dense,pubescent and ciliate, or glabrous;caducous. Pelals 2.5-5.7mm long; glandsabundant; thin- margin narow at apex to wide at sides;weakly tiinged. Stlmens 17 32 per bundle; filaments fused only shortly at baseto lllaments fused in lower quarter,smooth; 4.5-8 mm long; orange(rarely pale yellow); not swollen,or swollendistally; claw 0.5-2mm long; 1.4-2.8mmwide. Ovary withT 14 ovulesper loculus;valves densely short-pubescent without sparse long hairs. SOle7-11 mm long; glabrous. Frult globosebut very varjable in shape(Figure 12), 6-9.2 mm long; smooth; light brown to coppery brown; orifice 2-3 mm wide; without lobes' valves deeply inc)uded,ornamented by 2 inconspicuousapical lobes. Seed I 2 mm long; rough; shedfreely when fruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Bayswater, C. Arulrews,Oct. 1907 (PERTH); 17 ni f27.2 kml east of Pingelly, T.E.H. Aplin 788 (PERTH); Ruabon-Ludlow, T.E.H. ApLin 1184 (PERTH);Armadale,c.27 km SSEofPefih,A.M. Ashbf 487(AD);South ofOngerup on theToompup Road,A.M Ashby 3092 (AD): Cunderdin,AZ. Bailey 126 (PERTH); about 4 mi 16.2kml norrh of Muntadgin, E. f. Bdiley 247 (PERTH);Lake King-NorsemanRd betweenrabbit prooffence and 100 m tank, ,I..t Beard 3788 (PERTH); betweenGoomalling and Meckering J.S.Beard 8O4t (pERTH); YanchepNational Park,32 mi 151.2kml N of Perth,E.M. Bennett65 (PERTH); 5 milesi8 kml N of Yanchepon Moore RiverRd, B. G. Brlggs,6 Oct. 1969(NSW)l 57 miles[91.2 km j W of Coolgardie, B.G. Briggs, 30 Sept. 1960 (NSW); Mogumber Rd, S of Moore River (E of Moore River National Park), MZ Burbidge 8066 (NSW, PERTH); Canning River foreshore, 1.5 miles [2.4 km] south of Canning Bridge, M.L. Clerk 172 (PERTH); between Harrissmith & Lake Grace, N of Kukerin, M.G. Corrick 8748 (MEL); Boundary Rd, Wattle crove, R. Couery 8073 (PERTH); Palm Terace, Forestfield, R.J. Cranfield 131 (MEL, PERTH); opposite turn-off to Stirling Ranges on rd to Esperance,R.-/. CranfieLd984 (PERTH); 75 km E of Ravensthorpe,R.J. CranfieLd998 (PERTH); SwanDistrict Burswood,Diels & Pritzel258 (PERTH),Tamnin Reserve,Il. Deruarz4667(PERTH); 22 rniles f35.2 kml east of Newdegate,A.S. George 1655 (PERTH); Rabbit proof fence, NW of Jerramungup,A..L George 7003 (PERTH); c. 3 km by road SE of Kondut PO on road to Cadoux. L. Haegi 1107(AD); PossumRd, TuttanningReserve, 17 mi 127.2kml E of Pingelly,G. Heinsohn 27 (PERTH),Subiaco, R. Helms, 12 Dec. 1897(MEL, PERTH); 16 km S of Kulin, R.t. Hnatiuk 780038(PERTH); near Boongarra, NE of Two Rocks,R."/. Hnqtiuk780150 (PERTH); 17 km E of Coorow Rd-Brand Hwyjunotion, R.J.lInarlzt780286 (PERTH), 17km dueNE ofBrookton, between Jurakine Rock & Yenyening pools, R."/.Hnatiuk 790125,790126 (PERTH); 80 km W of Southern Cross,R./. Hnatiuk 800092 (PERTH); c. 22 km SW of Round Top Hill, c. 122 km ENE of Hyden, R.J. Hnatiuk 800198 (PERTH); Swan River, Hugel 11 (Y); Jandakot, 15 mi [24 kml S of perrh, A.M. James 137 (MEL, PERTH): crossroadc. 6 km SSE of Lake Chidnup, main RavensthorpeRd c. 48 km by rd SE of LakeKing, E.NS. Jackson343l(AD, MEL); Cowcowing,M. Koch995(MEL, NSW); 3.5 ni [5.6 km] NE ofBorclen, K. Newbey 584(PERTH); 2 km E of Koorarawaylee,c. 72 km E ofSouthern Cross,K. Newbey 6090 (PERTH); Tone River, Oldfield3Sg (MEL); 58 mi [92.8 kml W of Coolgardie,M.E. Phillips 022849(AD, CBG); 2 mi [3.2 km] N of WonganHills, Research station area,ME PhiLlips(AD,CBG, MEL); betweenBruce Rock & Quairading,lV. Rogerson2g3 (PERTH); along N S transectrunning through middle of Reserve,Jandakot Marsupial Breeding Station,Perth, A.,t Weston7429(PERTH).

Distribution. This is the most widespreadofspecies. It ocoursin the Irwin, Darling, Avon, Roe, Eyre andCoolgardie Distdcts (Figure 1l). 'ul\ou{ lou sI slu?Ilt? uoll€lnooo 'eloq^\ ,{uerueql Jo snpls aqa pera8uepue1ou sr sercedsqnssqt " sBuary L sntots uollouasuoJ

'lrnr; eq1;o dotreq1 p e3rJrJoeql Jo azls aql puu slIn.IJeqt Jo ed€qspue ezrseql:unrqluud,{q eqlJeôJfeqlqclq,t ot eerBepeql pue slcerqSutreluL4.\-Je,\oeIDJo ezrs 'sluuld pu€ ed€qsaql :(stu?1dpaduqs qsnq-ruoorq 'retpl aq ol puel sruJoJsnoJeqnlou8ll-uou s"e]eq,t q8rq rul wql ssel .(lpreue8 'pauuels-nlmu ',tdolqlv( epIJuIoJ stueld sno:eqn1ou811)sreqnlou8q '(e8u"J IO ecuesq" Jo eruesaJdeql eql Jo qlnos aql ur uolxruoJ e.roruet? stu? uA peûa[ {cql eql 'lII$uaunpul luelxe eluos 01)se^?al oqlJo ssau)lclqlaql Jo uolscol pw lunou? eql uI eJssuoll€ue^ 'exel tueu[uo]d eroru eql go euog 8uqu1s aJuurell Jo euos q8noql uoâ I€npl,trpur1o uoqruSocer ,roll" ol srelJsJeq3 Jo selmseql ur lualsrsuoJ,{llualcuJns lou e.rcelq"sluSosal em l?ql suop?lndodeql 'elqsuc^ 'oaouatg lnq flpcrSoloqd:oru sr tl Lro\lxeslo ped s DJoLfr)nodJetoto[1cmrl g sa1o77

'Jeqtue^oN01 ,{lnl pouad 3uua6\oll

'pu"s A\olle^ Jo 'eluele[ re^o pu"s 'eluelel ]e^o pu?s ,(e:3'pues ,{era 'pu?lpoo,l^ 'q]?eq Iros :(pu?[poo,1d.pis:laDBr) pu€lpoo,t\ ^\ol uado ro .{\ol pesolr,\\ol'Weaq uedo,{\ol 'spueldnpcotg :uu8uo,trl uopeleSel pel€rcosse:sunld lelsuoco1 spueldn cltlrat"l trro4.lo lolTqop

'nn{lrnDd m^ DJoI[trnDd?Jo uoqnquNlc ll arnSIJ

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,rrrrrrt'{nrleuH f laSod NuytsiaVol. 9, No.2 (1993)

A A^4 /-\ ^€en \\\---Lq-v I \ tl\A/w t"M rbf" o,fiffi nrw eD0ffi

Figve 12. E. pauciJbrava(. paucifloru. ff.rits,leavesaod flowers coveredwith perules;a: RoundTop Hill, 120km E oiHyden, R.J./tnrlix,t 800198(suney specimen# 65). b:Mallee Rd, c.62 kmW ofRa\eishotpe, R.J.Hnatiuk 800126(survey spccimcn # 64) (PERTH). cr Nerves Rd, NE ofWanneroo, R.J. Hnatiuk'790193(sutvey specimen# 77) (PERTH). d: JJJrai Rd, S Perh, R.J. Hnatiuk'7'7153'7(PERTH). e:Forreslfield, Pefih, R.l. H atiuk'784139(PERTH). E. paucifloru var. cdfiprld: f: fruits, leaf and flower coveredwith pcrulcs. Munbinea Rd, SE ol Ju(ie\ R.J. Hnatiuk 780173 (PERTH). Scalebar l0 mm.

5b. Eremaea pauciflora (Endl.) Druce var. lonchophylla R.J. Hnatiuk var. nov. (Figures 13, 19f, C,h)

Frutex sine lignotubero. Rami patentesad erecti (infundibulares). Foliaelliptica, angusta,acuta vel obtusa,glabra vel pilosa, vena in pagina inferiore 0 vel l. Flores in ramis longis anni proximi teminales, 1 vel interdum3perintlorescentia, graveolentes dulceodorati. Hypanthiumcampanulatum, longum, indumentounistrato velraro bistrato,strato supero denso, velutino, inferodenso,tomentoso. Fructusdoliiformis, laevis, pallide brunneus ad cupreus,elobatus, valvis profunde inclusis.

?y,pas:c. 10-20 km E ofTathra National Park, 28 July 1980,R.J. Hnatiuk 800054. (holo: PERTH, photo:CBG) [plus I dupl.l.

Shrub,200 cm tall; not lignotuberous. Branclresspreading to erect (infundibular). Branchlet indumentumglabrous or twolayered, sparse,pilose outer layer, inner sparselypuberulous. Ouer- vtintering bracts 11-21 per terminal bud; ovate to obovate; 2.4 2.9 nm long, 1.9-2.6 mm wide; indumentum one-layered, ciliate, rarely tinely puberulous, on edges and occasionally on upper (distal) back; striate. Leayesnanowly elliptic, acuteor obtuse;3.1-5.1 mm long, 0.9-3.3 mm wide; 1-3 veinsbelow; glabrous,or pilose;dry leaf crosssection flat, thick. Petioles0.5-1.1 mm long. Florrers terminal on long branchesof last season'swood; I sometimes3 per inllorescence;fragrance strong,sweet,lightor spicy. Hypanthium campanulate; 3.2-3.6 mm long,3-4mm wide;indumentum 'urur -esr^\reqto 0I pe]ecpu! 'smq '(HIdAd) 'Id pu eFrs IIV (iE # u€urbeds{e^Ins) tq0008 Zr?tr H / y IrENrrqtll spr?^\orsa{B,I i?lJe^ tlrE^ Luo.gulrt 9I lrqpq:3:(muri reqapcs) Jeq. pu€peas +:trrr^olo dotpuE al^ls:a:(uur 9 Z ltq alrrs)Ipred:p:selnjed qtr^\ 1q3!.salnred 'x,(F. 's!r1l{ rnoqlr^\Uel pw runlqluyd{q:c JEelrq :dotJo anbllqo pse ^\al^ opls :e tojt{qdolpuottn^ Dnl{lxnDd Z EI erfi\j

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',{:P sr 1tn:; ueq.nr,4lae{ peqs :g8nol 'pepnlcur :8uolluurg I-t Ipaas' xedt tu seqolsnonctdsuocur 7 q1r,upe]ueuuuro ,4ldeepse^l€^ :seqol lnoqtr,r :epr,r rrrtuZ t-9 2 :u,ro.rq,(IeddoJ ol u,$orqIqAII :qloous :8uo[ uru l 9-I g :uuoJllop lr,?4, 'petueunpur,4lsnouE^ ro snorqsl8:8uolunuZ OI-g Lafis srruq3uo1es:u ds ]noqtr,r luoseqnd-uoqs ^lesuepss^["^ :snlncol :ed seln,ro61-91 r]lr/t1.KID^O epr,rururZ-g I:8uollnruS 0-I 0.relc:,(ll"tsrp 'uallo,rs uello,!\s ro lou :e8wJo :8uot Ixur g r-g g :qtoorus :es€qle .{luoqs fluo pesnJ stueuelrJ :alpunq red Ll-rZ suawoJs paSuug,{1>1ee,r'epra ur8reu-uqt :luEpunq€spu"l8 :8uol ruLUL'V-t slrlad (uru el?lnpunuE s? urcureJ ses?q ,{llEnsn) snocnpu, :luecseqnd,(lpuolsecro pue elsllrJ ,esuep '3uol urnluerunpurro snorq"lS :epr,r urur Z Z-8 I ruru t I-6 0 ::llnSuer:1 ,{1esn1qoo1 rzlncrrcrues seqoq(lo? f.rp ueq,r,{ypupnlr8uol pepluu,r lnq'{urqs ^ll?nsn'qjoouls:uu.l?eu sno.rq€[3ol es.r€ds 'esuep 'esuep 'pa.re,4e1o,tq Jo JeAoIIs :esoluerxot Je,{uIJa,rol :snourlnla^ :efn1 :eddn ,{1e:e:.lo-auo

')lnqeuH ,rr?r2.rg t reSo{ 178 Nu)'tsiaVol. 9, No.2 (1993)

Sekctedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: westof Coorow,W.E. Blackall 3956 (PERTH); west of Three Springs, Iry.E Blackall, Sept. 1940 (PERTff; 25 km (by road) w of Winchester,C. Chapman,23March 1979(PERTH); Alexander Morrison National Park, Coorow- GreenheadRd, E A. Grffin 1559(PEF.TTI); 23 km Sof Eneabbaon Brand Hwy , R J. Hnatiuk780238 (PERTII); 1 km E of BrandHwy on CoorowRd, R.J.Hnatiuk 780271 (PERTH); 8 km S of New Badgingallra,R.J. Hnarlu& 780315 (PERTH); 15 km dueW of Coorow,S.D.Hopper 1552 (PERTH); cultivatedin KingsPark, chromosome count vouchel, B.L Rye76036 (PERTH).

Distribution. On the easternplateaux of theIrwin District(Figure 14).

Habitat. Brcad uplands;associated vegetation kwongan: closed heath, low open heath,high shrubland,lowwoodland, or openlow w oodland(ofBanksiaandXylomelumspecies with dense shrub understorey);soil deeplight brownsand, grey sand over laterite, light brownsand, white sand over laterite,yellow sandor light brownloam and lateritic gravel.

Floweringperiod. July to January.

1140E 1160E 1180E 1200E lzoE

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Figure 14. Distribution of E. pouciflora vaf,. Ionchophflla ( L) N\d E. pauciflora vad. calyptm (a ) 'q8noJ:8uol urut Z-I paas soqol luotde snonctdsuocur 'pepnlcur Z ro euou qtl,,t\ peluaurBuJo ,{1deepse^p^ :seqol pelurod lprus qlt,!\ eFlnpun lxu 'et€urqJnl :eplr uIuI g-Z errJuo lu,ro.rq ,{reddocot u,roJq tq8tt :qloorus :8uol ultrr Z 6-9 :esoqolS]o 'uuo|rlop tlnr! fluq re,rol uo peluaunpur flesmds:8uol rlltu -Lat&S srl"q Suol eueds lnoq1r,tr luecseqnd-uoqs.{lesuep se^l€^ :snlnro[.radsaln,ro y 1-1q1rtrKnÔ epr^\l:uluugZ-t I'8uotruruZ-9.0 ,rzlJ:uello,rs lou:a8u"Jo:8uol turu 8-g t:qtoorus:Je ?nb Ja^\olul pesnJstuauu trJ :otpunq Jed Z€-l I 'epll$ suawryS pe?w4,4l{Ee,r ur8JEru-urqt:tuEpunqu spuEt8 :8uol uIur L';-S'Z slDjad snocnp"c '3uo1 uoruod IEJrde:snouqnle^ :es.r€ds:ep!r uIuI S Z-g l ruru g-g 1 :luln8u?ul ^[pEo.rqseqolrqDJ 'al€lncreqnl 'llnp 'ueêun ol e]e Itrru?lu ,(leurJ eoeJJnstetno iteô llu ol ^[uo es"q Jueu:snouqnle^ 'paref?fauo '3uo1 .{lulqt ol ^lesuep untueunpur :epr,r luru 6 g-9 1 rulx S-6 2 :eplnu€dur€c unnluDd|H 1ee,trs,4purc; ol euouecu€r8€{ :ecuecseloguocred 7- 1 :poo,r s,uoseaslsBlJoseqJueJq '3uo1urur 'teu 3uo1uo purru:el s.iaaloJg I fg 0 sapuad llxlql lo'luln8uurJl uortJas-sso.rrJse[ ,{]p lsnolrueqndes:eds ,{:e,r:e,te1:e,tro1 're,(sl Jaddn esolrd 'pele,{z1ort1:o -auo runlueunpur:o 'sno:qu13 '3uo1 :,roleq ure^ I-0 :epr.r ruru 9 I-9 0 ruur 6 /-6 2 :esntqo :ffeurl ol elBôqo Kl1l'oteu saruta7 'alsuls ,pe]e,("1-auo :{Jsq (lElsrp) raddn uo Io 5[c€q reô lle pu? se8pauo'e]?lln pur esoluetllol '3uo1rutu unlueunpur :epr,l^ruur 1 7- 1 , 9-Z :elEôqoot aleô Joelelnqleds :pnq pulru:e1:ed 77-71 'osuap 'esuep'pele,{?[-o.rl stJoJqSuuatulM-ra O asotuaulol Jeuur:ta,{u[ Jelno esolrd un]uaunpur 'snolqelS Jo plqJuDtg lcere o1 Suprards saLpuDig snoreqnlouStllou :llsl tuJ 0gI'qtuqs

'(OgJ '€8I08t '28I081.'I8108, :oloqd:HIUgd :otoq) 98t08t :osr '08I08DpuDuH ' 'pEoU t d"?uot A,€ Io9 t I l"l S ,ZZooE Eaurqunj,{uo p"od ueunf Jo S tu{ g :sfld,tJ

'srsnlcurepunJojd sr^p^ 'sqncl?sr,r.red srqoy olelnpun 'sne.rdnc 'snsoqo18 'sru.roJrrlop ojq€l'olt,t ruu t-Z olJrJr.ro p€ sneuun:qepqlud'sr,,ier1 1e,rsnlBurqJnl '"rêel snlanJC Brtu"JnE tl€uuoc erouaJur u pnb alnd v'79-71 olncrcsv; rad euruels ulsuq 'o]?Jlsrun 'uJnurlnle^'lun8uol 'urnlplnuedur"J pe urnlu?l unpJelur olueunpur txnqlued{H nelopo '"querseJouur 'sepurrurel eclnp la Jelrêl le^ uou Jed6 1a,r1 rutxord ruuesl8uol SIIU€Jur setold I -0 'osolruaqnd 'oFltsrq e:orre;ureur8edur uua,r ecrzdore;u1'osolrd oradns ol"lls lal -run olueunpur [e^ l,]q?13'esnlqo'"tsn8u"'€uEeullpE€teôqo€rlod rlJoJap€salueledrureg oraqnlouSlleurs xelnrg

.r9 GZI ern8rC) ou re^ {nD"sH f d uJld,{IEc rB^ ernro ( lpug) srogrcnyd uaurua.rg

'se,rre1 padeqspeaqJ?ads eqt ot sreJaltI JEalSurueeru o tqd pua ecutl ro :eeds Surueeut otlcuol spJo,r {eelg aql ruo:; sauoJ etucu eqJ {Soloru,tjg

'suoqelndod perepucs,{1uo uror3 u,rou1 sl 11 'u,tou>1,{pood sr uonrpuoc plag slr pu€ ssoJJElu>I00I u€r{lssel st eAwJ sl1 exel u,trou;4,(y:oo4- o,{|,{luoudeqplnoqs,(lau?AsrqlJosnl"tsuorlEr\resuoJaqlluqlpueuuro3ell'sni,JsuouDuasuo7

'perrnber st rueql;o ^pnls oJoI,^{ eûrur]srp ,{ll€nsr^ eJes}u?u?^ esetf,L se^?e[Jeuuql 'Ja,roJ]?u '?qq€eug ..rnJro qlra\ ,(ll€raue8'sJnJcosuorlElndod;o las xalduoc " Jeaulsa,r aql oJ sedeel 'petulod papA\oJJeJour uego pue erour 'Jeuultlt 'Je,t\or?u qlr,$ suorlBlndod'ErruSur8peg sprv,rol 'qlnoseqlol seJldcesnlqo ueuo qtr,\\seêel {rqt eêq suou?lndodeseqJ $F?d lcuorl?N uosrrJol,{ Jepu?xelv pue uJqtBJ sur"tuoJ qcrq,r pueldn cnuelsl eql uo sr ecueJJnaJo;oeere :ofeur eq;

'puno; eq u"c ueql uee,rlaq solurpeurJelurpc6oloqdJotr{ aqJuosoutlJDl 'Jz^ .sure^ saprc4tolnDaq A qlr^\ slnJco-oa olltqdoqtuol ,{1euu,taqtr Jue[ g-1 ;o ecuase:dpnsn eql'se^eal{crqtp?oJqerlturDrollJnrd,{1euu,ruo:;s:egpol\tQqdotqcuol'mrDnl[lrnod.g.sapN

I'rr!./rrg ')FrtruH 'I reSou NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

Selectedspecimens e xamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Reserveon HillRiver 10 kmeastofJurien, E.A. Griffin 1796(PERTH);c. 8 km EofJurien Bay, R.J.lln atiuk1 80126(PEP.TII); Orange Springs Rd, c. 6 km NE of Cowalla Rd , R.J. Hnatiuk 78O159,780160 (PERTH); l2 km S of Jurien Rd on MunbineaRd, R.J.Hnatiuk'180173,780174,780176 (PERTH);8 kmS of JurienRd on Munbinea F':d,R.J. Hnetiuk780180,780181,780182, 780183, 780184 (PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District betweenJurien and the Brand Highway (Figure l4).

Habitat. Lateritic rplands to coastalplains; associatedvegetation kwongan: low closedheath, low woodland, or open low woodland; soil grey sand,or grey sandover light brown sand.

Flowering periotl. October.

Notes.E. pauciflora var. callplra is distinguishedtiom other YarietiesofE 2a&cifloraprrmartly by its stocky or robust branching, somewhat coarser leaves, the development of large, spathulate, clasping over-wintering bracts(perules) which conspicuouslycover the hypanthium,and fruits with a conspicuously wide orifice and undulate rim.

Some of the key charactersof the taxon appearto integradewith other taxa. Towards the south, thebracteosecharacter is found on plantswith linearleaves,gracile branches, and fruits with a narrow orifice and would otherwise fit well within var. pauciflora. Towards the northeast,near Eneabba, plantswith fruits with wide orifices occur with leavesthat resemblethose of var. IonchophyLLaThese plants with some intermediate charactersare for the time being placed in var. pauciflorq and vat lonc hophy lla r espectl ely.

Further detailed study may indicate that varietal recognition is not warrantedor it may indicate that other varieties should also be segregated. The"pauciflora" complex is widespread,diverse and complex. The full details of its variation patternshave not been determinedin this study.

Consenation status. I recommendthat the conservationstatus ofthis variety should be Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa. The variety occursover a rangeof lessthan 100km. It occursin severalsmall, but often densepopulations. Its occurence on reserveshas not been deteruined.

Etymology. The namecomes from the Greekword /

6. Erema€a blackwelliana R.J. Hnatiuk sp. nov. (Figure 15)

Frutex. Folia linearia, acuta,indumento unistrato,piloso; vena in pagina inferiore l. Flores in ramulis brevibus lateralibus ramorum longorum anni proximi terminales, 1 per infloresentia. Hypanthium campanulatum,laevis, plerumquenitens, in dimidio infero densevilloso. Lobi calycis late triangulares,cuspidati, ad basin aliquantum auriculati, glabri, caduci. Stamina in pafie quarta inferiore qonnata,papillosa, aurantiaca. Fructus cupulatus,elobatus, laevis, pallide brunneus ad cupreus,valvis vadoseinclusis, ad apicem lobis 2 hemisphaericislaevis omatis.

71'pus:Darling District, I 1.4km from Toodyayalong road to Clackline,31"39'S, 116"28' E, 30 Oct 1990, R.ly. Purdy 3893 (holo: CBG; iso: PERTH). ((p-!) s8u^\lrlPpelrptap eqt ot euotqSu eqt puE (e)s8ur,\\erp tq€q o^\l eqtol eJer€ropuuqtJei)urur0tIIrsrEqeprs(HlUAd 98/0t/fz I'IJ ralro, C"aurptrntJlrqeq:a :ft?^oJodorprlt elfis :p :salnradlnoqt+l pue qt!^\ x,(pc pu? ulnrqtupd,(q:r:so^rel rq :strruJ:B :?rDilpt$lrDlq ! 9lefi?]|l

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'InDBuH ,rr rr3 f reSod NuytsiaVol.9, No.2 (1993)

Shrub,300cmtall, Branchesascendirgto spreading. Branchlet indument m one-layered, dense, strigose,tomentose . Over-wintering bracts 25 per terminal bud, obovate, 8.2-9 mrn long, 5.7-6.3 mm wide;indumentum one-layered, finely puberulouson edges;smooth to finely striatg.Leaveslirrca\ acute;8.8-9.7 mm long,0.6-0.9 mm wide; 1 vein below;indumentum one-layered, pilose; dry leaf cross-sectionftiangrlar. Petioles0.5-1.2 mm long. Flowersterminal on shortlaterals along long branchesoflast season's wood; 1 per inflorescence;fragrance notrecorded. Fl)rpdnthiumcampa rlatel 3.3-4.1mmlong,4.4-5.4 mmwide;indumentum onelayered, densely villous, on lower half; smooth, usuallyshiny, but wdnkled longitudinally when dry. Calyx lobes cuspidate. broadly triangular, lower marginssomewhat auriculate, 1.5-1.7 mmlong, 1.5-1.7 mm wide;glabrous;caducorJs. Petqlsz.8-3.4 mm 1ong,3.3-3.9 mm wide; glandsabundant; thin-margin wide; entire. Stamens20-26 per btndTe in two rowson topofeach claw; filaments fused in lowerquarter; papillose: 7.3-8.9 mmlong;orange; swollendistally;claw 1.8-2.2 mm long,0.8-1 mm wide. Ovarywitlt 16-11ottules per loculus; valves denselyshort-pubescent without sparse long hairs. Style 7.7-8.5 mmlong;glabrous. Fruitcupulate; 7.5-8.1mm long; smooth;light brownto copperybrown; 5.5-6.2 mm wide; withoutlobes; valves shallowlyincluded, 2 smoothhemispheric lobes at apex. Seeds 1.2-1.7 mmlong;rough; shed freely whenfruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens. WESTERNAUSTRAIIA:ClacklineNatureRese e,D.J. Coate.r CL9 (PERTH).

Distribution. Avon Distdct (Figure16).

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Fisure16. Distributionof E. blactutelliana. 'lBU stauolg Suoyttvt L'O-g'1sap(ad ulql uoltJas-sso:aJ€el ,{Jp:sulS:lru uo esoltd :o snorqulS 'cDdllle :,{ôleqsure^ ,-t :apr,!\unu € [-g Z'8uol urul g S-9 t :esn]qoro etnre ol etnô KlpBorqsaôaI 'el€lJls 'pe:e,{e1euo '3uol :ss8peuo aturlrc runlueunpul :eplld uIuI 9 7 c ruu 7 g c :el€Aoqool eFô 'esuep 'esuep :pnq puruuel Jad8 [ -gl slcotq Sultautu--ra,1o aso]uauot Jeuul:Jo,{€[ ralno esolld qll,\\ '.peJeKEI-ot 'qnrLIS t LuntuawnpuplqJuDtg ?utpeatdssaqcuotg snoJeqnlou8lllou :lIEt ur Z Z

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,rDlrrra ln'reuH f rrSod NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

Fig$e 17. E. beaufortioides\N. beaufottioider: ar fruits: slightly oblique and top views; b: leaves,side and ventral views; c: hypanthium, upper drawing with perules and petals, lower &awing with perules and petals removed; d: style; e: habit. 5 km west ofl-al(e Indoon, E A. Gnlrn 1278(PERTH). A1lscale bars 1Omm (left onerefers ro habir(e);right onerefe{s to details (a-d). sdptu'tr4nDdqft\'df""u 'lrnrq J lo uafiq)N'd 8l rrndu

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'{nqeuH rrrr.//24 f raSod Nuyrsiavol. 9,No. 2 (1993)

Habitat. Lateitic uplands to coastal plains, and broad uplands (in NE pafi of range); associated vegetationopen heath, closed heath,low open heath,or open low woodland; soil deeplight brown sand, grey sand, grey sand over laterite, grey sand over orange sand and massive limestone, or limestone derived soil.

Flowering period. Septemberto December.

Notes. E. bequfortioide.sis paft of section Eremaea. It is distinguishedby its stronglyreflexed, multi- veinedleaves, its virtually glabroushypanthium that is frequently very glossy and usually only about halforless is coveredby the over-wintering bracts.Its large,conspicuous, bright orangeflowers make it very attractive to horticulture.

Etymology. The name alludes to a similarity with the gen:usBeaufortia. G. Bentham,the author of the name, did not specify the similarity he saw.

7b. Eremaea beaufortioides Benth. var. microphylla R.J. Hnatiuk Yar. nov. (Figure 19)

Frutex sine lignotubero. Rami patentesad erecti. Folia elliptica, obtusa,glabra; vena in pagina abaxiali (0)-3 vel raro 5 sedinterdum obscura. Flores in ramis longis anni proximi terminales,1 vel 2 per inflorescentia. Hypanthium campanulatum,longum, glabra,laevia, plerumquenitentia sedin sicco longitudinaliter rugosa. Stamina per fasciculo 38-48, in parte quarta inferiore connata, et lasciculis in annulo connatis. aurantiis. Fructus doliiformis ad turbinatus, laevis, labro elobato, pallide brunneusad cupreus (vel rufo-brunneus),valvis profunde inclusis.

Typns:18 km S of Eneabbaon BrandHwy, 29'56'5 lat., I 15"16'E long., 18 Oct. 1978,R.J. Hnutiuk 780234 (holo: PERTH; photo: CBG).

Shrub, 20O cm tall; not lignotuberous. Branches spretLdingto erect. Brqnchlets glabrous, occasionally sparselyvillous or tomentose. Over-wintering bracts 7'7-23 per terminal budi ovate to obovate;3.5-5.5 mm long 2.7 3.2 mm wide; indumentumone-layered ciliate at tip and on edges; striate. teaves elliptic obtuse;2.9-4.3 mm long, 1.4-2.2mm wide; 0-3 or rarely 5 veins below which may be difficult to see;glabrous; dry leafcross-sectionflat, thick. PetiolesO.50.9 mm long. Flowers terminal on long branchesof last season'swood; l-2 per inflorescence;fragrance not recorded. H),panthiumlong; campanulate;4.5 6 mm long, 3.6-4.2 mm wide; glabrous;smooth, usually shiny, but wrinkled longitudinally when dry. Calyr lobes cuspidate:5.3 6 mm long, 1.8-2.8 mrn wide; sparse;caducous. Petals 4.8-5.1 mm long; glands abundant,thin-margin naffow at apex, wide at sides,weakly fringed. Stamens38-48 perbundle; filaments tused in lower quarter,bundles of fused filaments, themselvesfused near the base into a ring; smooth; 7.5-9.5 mm long; orange; swollen distally;claw0.5- I mmlong;2.2-3.2mmwide. Ovorywith 14-l8 ovulesper loculus; valves densely short-pubescentwithout sparselong hairs. S4,le 12.5-13.5mm long; glabrous. Fralr doliform to turbinate;8I I mm long;smooth;lightbrown to copperybrown (to reddish brown);2.8 6.lmrnwide; without lobes; valves deeply included, with two inconspicuoussmall apical lobes. Seeds1.9-2 mm long; rough; shed freely when fruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 15 km SE ofEneabba, R.J. Cranfiekl, 20 Oct 1919 (PERTH); Alexander Morrison National Park, Coorow-GreenheadRd, E.A. Grffin 1560(PERTH); 12 km N ofEneabba,R.J. Hnatiuk'760254 (PERTH); 18 km S ofEneabbaon Brand Hwy , R.J.Hnatiuk 180231 (PERTH). 'ees ol llntIJJIp aJE 'sura^ sule^ aql tEI0 {cql os ,{Duenbeq eJ?se^Bel eqJ pexelJeJssel pu€ polulod ssal eJE t ^Iuo e^"q 'lFurs flpraue8 pql se,ruelltlqr sll .{q Peqsln8uDslpsI lI saploluolnt2aql?^ tuorc saprctuolnzaq 'Ju^ saptotvotnoaq 'g 'saioN Jo eSuereql Jo usd ujeqlnos eql qlIA J l"ftI],{s sr ollKqdotrlw're^

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':|..npeurl oaoaaJg t l58od 188 NuytsiaVol.9, No. 2 (1993)

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Conservationstqtus. I recorffnend that the conseryationstatus ofthis variety should be Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa. Its range extendsless than 100 km. Further field work is neededto properly assessits status.

Etymology. The varietal name comes from the Greek words mikros, small and phylla, leaf ir referenceto the smaller leavesin comparisonwith the type variety.

7c. Eremaea beaufortioides var. lachnosanth€ R.J. Hnatiuk

Frutex sine lignotubero. Folia elliptica, lata vel angusta,acuta vel obtusa, fimbriata; vena in pagina inferiore 3 vel 5. Flores in rarnis longis anni proximi teminales, 1-5 pdr inflorescentia. Hypanthium campanulgtum,longum,indumentobistrato, stuato supero denso, velutino, infero denso, puberulo, dimidio superoraro glabro. Lobi calycis late triangulares,dense puberuli ad velutini vel glabri, caduci. Staminainparte quartoinferiore connata,aurantia. Fructus urceolatus addoliiformis, pallide brunneusad cupreusvel cano-brunneus,elobatus vel labro undulato,valvis profunde inclusis.

Typas:On roadside,Brand Hwyjust southof Lake Indoon P.d,R.l. Hnatiuk800208 (holo: PERTH; iso: CBG). 'urnrqtut;d,{qpetueurnpur,{lsnonctdsuoc eqt o} sreJe.rpu" Ja,rolJ ',to{Ja, pur ,{lloo,tr's ouqcDl spro^\.1eeJr,) eql tuo4 sauoc eureu aq1 lSolotutlg

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8. Eremaeaebracteata F. Muell. Fragm.2:29(1860)

Typrs;'Ad fluvium Murchison.A. Oldfield"(holo: MEL; iso: K; photos:CBG, PERTI{).

Shrub;leaves linear or elliptic;flowers produced on newwood thus sunounding perules absent andonly 3 smallcaducous bracts evident; stamens orange; fruits ftequently with corkyoutgrowths.

A specieswith two varieties.

Key to varieties

1. Leaves linear. .8a. Yar. ebracteata 1. Leaves elliptic or obovate ...... 8b. var. brachyphylla 'str"rq eJ? sJe^,\oueql eJaqi\ sJeqlolsou qlv( seDeds srql Jo lse.Duoreql 8uu-re3ersnql 3ur^uq aloalcotq pue Say4cslJo lnoqlr,^r Surureru ..-a,, xgerd uqel eql uro4 seruoc erueu aqa tSolotutlg

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Notes. E- ebracteatayar. brqchyphyllais closely lelated to E ebracteqtqyaL ebrqcteatafromwhich it differs inthe small elliptic leaves.Mostpopulations ofval brachyphyllahavebranchlets with only one layer of indumentum, but some with a sparseunderlayer occur' It is known ftom only a few populations, all of which are to the south eastof the known range of var. ebracte.lta'

Conseruationstatus. I recommendthat the consefvationstatus of this variety should be Pdority One - Poorly Known Taxa. Ithas a rangeofless than 100kmacross.It hasonly beencollected on roadsides in areasextensively cleared for agriculture. Its statusneeds urgent confimation from field study.

Etymology. The variety name is dedved ftom the Greek words brachys' shott andphylla,leaf in referenceto the shortnessof the leavesin contrastto thoseof snbsp.ebracteata.

9. Eremaea dendroidea R.J. Hnatiuk sp. nov. (Figure 24)

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Figwez4.E. dendrcidea: arfruit;b: leaves (scalebar 5mm); c:hypanthium, calyx and perules;d: style' top ofovary and stamens; e:petal (scale bar 2.5 mm);f: seedand chaff (ovulodes); g: habit.5.2 kmE of AiaflaR J.Hnatiuk'780382 (PERTH). Scale bar' not otherwisernarked, 10 rnm. pesnJsluerr-IelrJ:elpunqJ€d gg-y1 suawai5 pe8uuS,{11ee,n 'sapIs uo apl^\ pu" xedetE ,^dolll]uuISnuI 'eluqtc'luecseqnd -urqt:tu"punqESpuelS:Suot uru g t-Z t.tl"i?J SnocnppJ:d]lrEeu snoJq?l3 pue 'esuep '3uo1 ol es&ds unlueunpul :eplt urul g 7-9 7 uJuJZ Z-Z :snousJqlueulpue u,ôtq se8pe 'e1r:prdsnc,4pq8rlspur':ep8ueu1,{lpuoJq seqol:rtrlrJ etEllIuul"Ix,{leuIJ'llnp'ueAaun aJ0JJnsJelno 'esuep 'asuap'p€te,(€foû :(eseqt" tsosuep)Jeô Ip :esotueulot Je,(Plle,tol :Jeftl reddn snouqnla^ 'Suol unluerunpur :epr,{\urur g g-1 6 ruLlrZ E-gZ'.a]f-lnLrcd:ujr-x wtll\JuDdtH qse4'lur9! eeuer8erJ :ecuerserouuoJ Jed (t) Z{I) :poo,lds,uosees luexno puE poo,,t\s,uosees tsel qloq Jo seqtwrq 'Svolruut 'I?D 3uo1uo p:uru.rre1s,r aaiol! V g-7 9 salo4ed:1c1ql uoltces-ssoJc;ee1 frp lesoltd;e,(r1 'eauJrns 'pere,(efeuo Jetno reddn pue sa8pauo,{[J" urrd s'lrcq untueunpul :,t\olequle^ I-0 :ept,.lA 'alnc" 'etaô urru g 1-g g'3uoyurug t-Z :esnlqoJo ot cItdITIa,{ It otJuusaM)a1 eltr:1s ,{lpuorstcco 'luecseqnd 'etEIlIc 'poJe,{?l Jo 'qloous :{c€q (plstp) reddn uo flpuorsecco pue seBpe uo lo -euo urnlueurnpur:epr^\ luru 77 7'Buol uJUJl Z-ZZ:a}I]^.o:(IJuq-pruI uo tr?q Jo tunolueIPus 'el"ô '€ 1nq8ur,ftu,r qtr,t puEettITIc ,{lpeolq = ste^\ol] .{ oleq stJ€Jq)pnq luunul3l nd 97-1, sxtotq 'esuep 'esuap'pare,&[ SuuaJu!t -JatO asolueruol Jauur:(pelroluor puu lueq sJ€q) Je,("IJetnoesolld '4rJ{S -o/()uruuawnpu! plqcuotg pen ol?ttrpue:sn saqJuolg snoJeqntouSrllou :l|?l ruc 0I I

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,2re,,J lnDruH I rrSou NuytsirVol. 9. No. 2 (l991) in lower quarter; papillose; 6.2-7 mm long; pink, or dark pink, rarely white; swollen distally; claw 0.8-1.3mm long, 1.7-1.8mm wide. Ovary with 9 l1 ovulesper loculus;yalves densely short- pubescentwith sparselong hairs. ,94,1e8-8.2 mm long; glabrous. F/rlt cupulate or campanulate, becoming irregular with developmentof corky tissue;5.4-6.5 mm longi smooth,or rough, lumpy or mammillate especiallyin lower parts,or rarely corky; light brown to copperybrown, or grey-brown; 4.2-6.2 mm wide; without lobes,or slightly undulate;valves exserted and backedor not by lower part of lobes, with two lobes at apex of eachvalve; seed1.5-1.7 mm long; smooth;shed freely when lruit is drv.

Fiqrre26. E.puryurea: a: fiuits;b: leaves(scale bar 5 mm);c: hypanthium,calyx and perules; d: styleand top of ovary(scale bar5 mm);e: stamen;f:seed; gr habit.NE ofLatePi\jat, R.J.Hnatiuk790l96 (PERTH). Scale bar. not otherwise indicated, 10mm. 'DJDatrJOtqa ? qlr/( peJ€qs eJBslrn{ aql uo suoDonJe 'poo,r.reu ,,()lJorpus uo SuueA\oU',tJsAoeq1;o dol uo s:pq 3uo1seqcns se:npal PnsnunJo eJueseld 'pel€losl eql lnq osP sr11 ,{1pc6oloqdro4 (066I {nneuH T seleo3) ,4pnlseurfzosl eq] ul psrns?alx s? sraqueur Jeqlo ot pelelu ,4puulsrp.(1uo s\ tnq'DpapDtqg uopcas;o ged st za.mdtnd g saloN

',{:unue1o1 reqruecaq pouad 3u1tauo1g

'pues 'pues 'pues ,(er8qsru.rorq JeAopuEs alrql\ Jo ,{er8deep u.tto:q qsllnolle,{lq8uq IIos :pu?lpoo,4(\ 'pu?[poo7[ ,nro1uedo Jo ^\ol uoll?leAe^ peplcossE :sulEld lu]s?oJ ol spu€ldn JrlJJelz'I lollqoH

'(/Z eJn8rd)l3r4sr( uo^V eqt olul pu€ ls€e eql ol 'uoluqutsrQ ,(lqzreprsuoceSue: s1r spualxs ,{a1.re,reg:eeu uror;. ueuttceds luacer y lc1qs1q3u\m(I

'(CgC) 'sa!^De-af)purJ 'feFe^3g 'u1loquaals''I 166I eunt , Jo li\ tul ZI :G fftId 656I'aa(Itl 'Ioorqs 'E'w ng:(Hf,ugd) 9t6I'qedz'uDwpaars 11'Baqsnt{:0[sN'DgJ) z96I lco Lz'sdUllqa '{oorqslFg ot p?or uo &[uld :G dad V6IO6L TnuouH f y'pU cnnsles uo pl{ se^?eN Jo N 'ooreuu"dlJo 'Q'uls uDI6 0 gN:GIUAd) 9/ZllslptonttH sttBttnCJoS ln{ 29 o:(HIidA ZIZI\ 'ue,rg:eddn;o proltDH O 6 url 6 S :VITYUISnY NUAJSIIId. paulwuxa suawnads papaPs

'Darndnd g lo \toqnqqlst( /Z on8lg

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SoG

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fPT a 771 lovl loSlI 3o9lI lotl I

'I.lnt]eu]d DaDwalfl I reSod NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

Consen)ationstatus. I recorrunendthat the conserYationstatus of this speciesshould be Pdodty Four - Rare Taxa. Its range is less than 100 km across,but the extentto which it occurs on reservedland is not known to me.

Etymotog!. The name comesfrom the Latin word p urpura meaningpurplein referenceto the colour of the flower.

11. Eremaea brevifolia (Benth.) Domin, Vestn. Kral. Ceske Spolecn Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Prir. 2:2 (1921). Basename. Eremaea fimbriata vat. brevifuIiaBefih. (Figure28)

"Valley Zyprs: of the Hutt River, Oldfield', (holo: MEL 84206; iso: K; photos: CBG, PERTH).

Shrub,220 cmtall. Br.lnches ascendingto erect. Branchlet indumenramtwoJayered with very densepilose outer layer; inner densely tomentose. Over-wintering bracb 13-19 per terminal bud, narrowly triangular to narrowly elliptic; 4.8-6.5 mm long; indumentum onelayered, very densely villous, white, on edgesand all overback; striate.,Leavelbroadly oboYate, crowded and overlapping, obtuse, 4.5-7.2 mm long, 3.3-5.8 mm wide; 5-9 veins below; indumentum oneJayered, villous, becoming glabrous; dry leaf cross-sectionflat, thin. Flowers terminal on long branches of last season'swood; 1 per inflorescence.llypqnthiumshallow,campanulate;3.5-4.8 mmlong, 3.9-5'6 mm wide;indumentum twoJayered, upperlayer very denselysilky to villous, white;lower layer densely tomentose; outer surfaca uneven, dull, finely mammillate to tuberculate. Caly:r lobes broadly tfiangular; 1.8-4.5 mm long,4 mrn wide; very densely villous, white, sometimes yellowish; persistent. Perals 3.8-6.8 mm long: glandssparse to abundant;thin-margin narrow at apex,to wide at sides,weakly minutely fringed orjagged orentire. Stamens50-T0perbundle;filaments fusedonly shortly at baseto filarnentsfused in lower quarter;smooth; 8.2-8.5mm long; orange;swollen slightly on long filaments;claw 0.5-4.3mnlong,3.7-3.8 mmwide. Ovarywith 13-14ovules per loculus; denselyshort-pubescent without sparselong hairs. Sryle 11-12 mm long, indumentedvery sparsely on lower half. Fruit oupulate,Tmm long, smoothto rough, lumpy or mammillate especiallyin lower parts,denselyvillousglabrescent;lightbrowntocopperybrown;8.5-I15mmwide;undulate,orwith prominentpointed lobes;valves exserted and backed or not by lower part oflobes. Seeds1.8 mm long; smooth; shed freely when fruit is dry.

Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: South of Ogilvie, J.S. Beard 2104 (PERTH); 5 miles [8 km] W of Nanson,24 miles [38.4 km] NNE of Geraldton by road, R. Coven] 3063 (PERTH); Geraldton,R.Fllson 101(MEL); l2miles [19.2km] N ofNorthamptotl,C.A. Gardner 1960(PERTH); HowatharraHill Reserve,2l roadmls [33.6km] Nof Geraldton,D. &N. McFarland 1138 (PERTH); 7 miles [11.2 km] south of Northampto\, F.W. Went 32 (PERTH).

Distributiont Irwin District (Figure 29).

Habitat. Lateritic \Jplandsto coastalplains; associatedvegetation low closedheath; soil red laterite to sand.

Flowering period. August to October.

Notes. E. brevifolia is the most northernmember of subgenus Okriocarpa. It is distinguishedby its large fruits with a conspicuouslyundulate dm, its broadly expanded,multiveined leaveswhich are crowded and overlapping,and the long, villous or almost silky, white, conspicuoushairs around the upper leaves,perules and flowers. 'LUur 'poterrpur 0l osr^rroqlossrlun'sreq rlBrs (Hldad) 'ayIFO (9€ # ueurrceds,(eNns) VOIZprDag S t rlq€q :q :(uu-r S req apcs) uarreF :3 :(ruw I rsq epcs) Jeqc pup peasT 'unlqruvd{q -EZeJnSrC :FFd:a :(uorFesleulpnt€uol) ,&eô pus el,{}s :p:elrued puB x,(lBr :c lsaêal:q !!ruJ:B.n4oJiâtq g

[]

N ffiffi

DaDuatX'\nl!euH I t6aod 202 NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

11408 1160E 1180E L4J L ),zz L 7%oE

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30os

^^0^ ^^0^ JZJ JZ)

c,toc a,roq

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^-0^ J/) 370S

I IJ L r lo tr 1200E tz4 L

Figure29. Distributionof E. bret'ifolia.

Conservationstatus. I recommendthat the conservationstatus ofthis speciesshould be Priority Two - Poorly Known Taxa. Its range ofoccurrence is lessthan 100 km across. I have not observedit in the field. Further, cufient obseNations are needed.

Etymology. " Brevifulia" is derived from the Latin words brevi- meaningshort and/ollameaning leaf. It appearsto have beenchosen to confast the leavesofthis taxon with thoseofthe relatedtaxon now called E. asterocqrpa subsp. qsterocorpa (originally and incoffectly called E. fimbriata vzJ. brevifulia).

12. Eremaea acutifolia F. Muell., [X1] Fragm. 2:30 (1860). (Figure 30)

"Ad Typzs: sinum Champion Bay. Walcott" (holo: MEL 526440; iso: K; photos: CBG, PERTH).

Illustrqtions. R. Erickson, A.S. George,N.G. Marchant & M.K. Morecombe, Flowering Plants of Western Ausffalia: Figure 303 (1979).

Shrub,70 cmtall: not lignotuberous. Branches spreadinglo ercct. Branchlet indumentumlwo- layered, glabrescent,with sparsepilose outer layer; inner densetomentose (when young). Over- winteringbracts 13-15per bud, obovate;3-3.5 mm long, 1.1-1.7rffn wide: indumentumtwolayered, pilose to tomentoseon edgesand all over back: smooth,or stiate. laaves \afiowly elliptic to linear 'ruru 'petlrrput 'srBq ',{^\H '3ed 0I asrMreqrossetun atrrs (HLdg

p ftg*, UKffiW, t\Lt nv lf

,,eeeurerE,(1sn6,, ,{rp sr lrnr; ueq,r flea.g peqs :q8nor Jo 'salrsolyuc qloours'3uo1uru 7 spaag seqol;o urd re,tro1,{qpesolcua 1ou pue pe esxe lprus f urru qlr,,r,i ',{rp se^l?A uaq,r :epl,r !u!u 6-8 :u,rorq ,{JaddoJol u,roJq1q311 lslred re,ro1ur ,{lprcedsaelrllnuueur 'q8nor '8uol 'el"urqru 'snoJq?I8 :o ,{durn1 ecelns relno uIuI g-g g ll,iJg xade :ueu peluettlnpurro '3uo1 nru 0l-9 8 el,{ls srruq Suol esreds1noq1r,u. tueaseqnd- oqs flosuep ecepns Jex:Loa^pA 'snln.ol '3uo1 red salnô tl-ll qtrll. ttDÔ epr.l.rruru 1 7-1 1 ruru g 7-7 1 l.{lplsrp uallo,rs eq lou 'e8u"Jo ,{e!uJo F"ul :Iurd {JEp ,{ler"r ro :3uol urur E , S E :qtoous :reDunbJe,|ôl ur pesnJslueurelrJ 'epunq Jedtt-8z sualuojs peautq Kl\ee^\ :,\,\olreuulSr€ur-uq] :es.Edsspuela :(Sup"erds ro lcere 'snouqnle^ 'esuep pleq) Suol urur y-g spla4 (tuawuted)ou tnq se.rnl€utrn4 IIn Sul1srDluelsrsled 'ruIn8uur4 untueunpul :epl/[ uuu 9 7-7'?uol ruru 9 €-t seqol rtr1rJ e]€lnrJoqnt ol et"lllluur"ru 'llnp 'ueâun 'esuep 'paJa,("1-euo ,{lauIJ eJeJrnsrelno :raAo[s snourtrl[eA ,{Je^ urn]ueunpur :3uol rulx g-S Z'el"lnuEdru"J troyleqsuw4uodtp peproce]lou ecu€r8l?]J:(Z ^teJ?J)eauaaseJogur ted I :poo,,!\ s.uoseestsel uo :seqcuu:qSuol Suop sp.Iolsl Uoqs uo pururlet splroll Suolrurug6-96saior;a;' 'Juln8usJrt 'pe:efeleuo uollres-ssorc J"el ,(.rq (3uo1uurg T-I I srl?q qtr,r) esoyrd unluaunpur ro snorqulS:ac?JJns Je,,!4ol uo snonlrdsuocura^ I :apl,r ruu Z I-90'3uo1 ruru g6-9€'eln3?

nana,;:3 1nqrug p r$o6 204 NuytsiaVol. 9, No.2 (1993)

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 15 ml [24 km] southof Geraldton- MullewaRdon CasuarinaRd,A.M Arrby 2284(AD, PERTH);39 km NW of Strawberryon Burma R:d,M.G.Corrick8287 (MEL);near257 milepeg, Geraldton Highway, A. s. Georse9223(PERTH); l7 rrt:les [27.2 km] from Geraldton, M.E. Phillips 019323 (CBG, NSW); Flumina Moore et Murchison,E Prltzel606(NSW);Kojerina, eastofceraldton, E. Wittwer16 QF,R. IH). (Approximately 30 specimensexamined in Australia.)

Distribution. Foundin the Irwin BotanicalDistrict east of Geraldton(Figure 31).

Habitqt. Brcad tplands,dominated by kwongan(open heath) on greyor yellow deepsand.

Floweringperiod. Augustto November.

Notes.E. acutifoliais a memberof sectionOkriocarpa. It is distinguishedby its needle-likeleaves, andtendency to floweron shortlateral shoots as in E violaceabutfromwhichit is distinguishedby itsorange stamens, rough surface to the fruit andvalves thathavenumerous small callosities compared to only two callositiesor lobesin E. violacea.

1140E 1160E 1t8oE 1200E lzoE tzJ I

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2gos 2gos

^^0^ JUJ 3005

aaOn ^^0 ^ JZJ JZJ

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Figure31. Distdbutionof E. acutifolia. '(HJUAd) '{rud 8tI9 llassax y e^raseu "rolc aqqueua :(HJugd) | 90008ryuouH T d lPuorlEN 'u::u3ur3pug rqt"I :(HJdgd O9OO6L)f11DuH 1 y ,1oN UDI9 :(HJUAd I9Z0BL ttnuDuH fA 'pd fttn0 llaqsal{toJ puu pd puaquaarD-,ro.rooJJo uoqcunl Io g url L :(HIUAd) VaOILL 'sesl?e-I InliDuH t A'uoopul a)E-IJoA:(HJdAd) Egl I ul[u D V g'EqqEeuEJoS ur) g trlnrus l '{led uretseid :(IIJdgd) l99l "lllt O yA'pd pcequaerg-.rorooJ lt€N uossuotrl repu"xelv 'rnense-I :GJdAJ ZEZI pp{uDl) T y ltr^t.+o /dS )lrEJJ :(Hldgd) 6/61 q.rBW 97'uDtutlo4S 3 'retsaqcurl!\ Io iN pr?or{q tul 9Z :yI-IvUJSnV NU!IJSA,^. paulurDxasualuDads papaps

'frp sr trnq ueq,r 'sar}rsollzc ,{1aar;paqs :8uol urur Z Z-9 1.spaa5 seqol;o lrud:e,ro1 ,{q pelceq pu€ p€u€sxe le.raês qlr^\ se,\l"A :(elq?ur^) rurJ etelnpun ro seqol pelurod luaurruoJdqtl,& :epr^\ trlru E Z I-t'l :u,rolq 'q8nor fer8 :sgzd re,r,ro1ur ,(lleroadsaelu[lrlulueru ro ,{drun1 :3uol ruur g-9 :al€urqJn]l?r'i..iC xede :eeu 'sJtpq o1,(1a.rer'relrlnb re,rol uo pelueunpur :8uol uru 9 ZI-01 a/OS Suol eslrds 1noq1t,rluacseqnd -goqs,(lesuep '3uo1 se^F^ :(€I ZI ,{lpnsn)snlncol red s?lnôgI-6 q'!I^\tuDÔ epr.r turu g-t 1 ruru t-l, t ,{\elJ :,{llEtsrpuallo,rs :eFuEJo:8uol urr 6-E :esollrdpd:Jou€nb le,rol ur pesnl slueulElrJ ',toJlru :elpunq red og-tz ruauols pefl:.J]4ll{ce,1^ urBJELu-urLll:tu€punql? spuct8 :8uol urlu l9-t '3pr,tr 'fluol sir:4a7 lue1srs:ed:osnoanp0J :snollr^ ruru 9-6 7 ruur g r :reIn3u"u] ,{lpeorqo1n1n8utt:1 'elDlnaJaqnt '11np'ue,\eun saqol r'tlrJ ol et?llltu(U"ru fleug eceJlns Jotno :]e,\o 11eluetseqnd esuep'le,{e1re,rol:snour]nle^'asuep,{re^'peJa,{sl-o,,tt untuetunpur :epr,r ruru y-g'3uo1 ruut 8 [-/ Z :e1elnu€druecSuol ol,rolpqs rzint1tuodtl1 ]ee,rs e3utl:8e{ :aJuecserogurred T sarurteruos io I :poo,r s,uos"es1se1 go saqcuerq Suol uo I€ururet,r./adt ol! fluo'rLrwLI-Zgseloqed:.ru1n8ulu1 'pe:e,{e1auo uorloes-ssoJJJuel ,{+:8uol rurut t-S0 slleq qtu asolrdre,{e1 :e1no untueunpur 'sno:qu18 '3uo1 'a1e,ro :o :,rolaq sure^ g ,{1eJ1]rro I :apr,r uIuI 7-y g rutrl ol-t :e}nc" ,{1,ror:eu .sadr2a1'el€uts ,{lourJ Jo q}ootrls:{c"q (lelsrp)reddn uo pur se8peuo esolu€ruo}Jo esolrd 'pele,{"I euo '3uo1ruru rulluaunpur:epr,r ulur g 7-1 1 t l g t :eteô,{l€lplol e]"ôqo'pnq FurunlsadgT-g slcotq 3u1Jalu1!\-taAO'esolueuol 'esuapJeuur're,{r1 ralno esopd'es:r:ds q}r,,r,rparefel-o,r1 ufiflawnpul 'qnrqs plq)uD.tg Surqcrz o1 Supaa:ds saIJuDtg sloJeqnloufll saurqeutos :IIEI ux 0L

'L 'f'E Idnp T snldl (gg3 :oloqd:HJUEd :oloq);OZOSLInlwuH '816I '3uol ''l€l 'pd tco 8I A,9l"Sl t 5.ZS.6Z unrurlrJ urelsal(\uo Bqq"auaJoS ru{ t o :.rrd(J sqresxes,\[sA'sr]nce snqrrueururord srqor'orrlur orprrurp u,"nu,r"nro rtllJrll.fr#ltfflilillH; relr:e1n8e:rr':equcs'snlcurqJqsIllcn.tC ?uu"Jru '?l"uuoc eror:e1urelrenb e}l"d ur '0g-tZ olntrcsu.] red rururelg eluaJseqndasuap ojeJur 'ourlnla,\ orurssrsoeporedns oleJls 'urnlEllsrq unlueunpur 'selueloe,lens'"quecsetogur 'seleulurel :lrtnlelnu"drueJ-o8uolp" runsop"^ unrqlurdfll led 7 1e,n1 rurrxordruuu srul?r ur seJold €ltlqtsrAtlerxeqz rur8ed ur goleJle^ l euo^:oEllsrunolueunpur le^ eJq"l8 '€lncE'Elsn8ug 'c]f,^o EtloC rlencrepe saluelednung oreqnlou8q urnc unplelur 'x€lnlC

.t .€I (Zt ern8rC) ,rou ds lnrleug U BpBIJofpBlJaeeuurJJg

'se^uJlJqlJo Jdl]qs aql ot JJUJJJJJlur salual Suru€eu Duolpue pelurodSurureur rlr?Jr spro,lturl"-I ruo4 SeuroJ., rilor1ncy,, ,Go1outI1g

-snl"ls luexnc tuJrJuoco1 perrnbar sr,{elms plald ellased peog r?urng aql ur pelueserdersr pue ssoroeu{ 00[ u€ql ssel sr e8upl sl1 exza u,,nou;4,{poo4 - 'snfl)ts o,u1 ,{1r:ou4aq plnoqs sercadssrql;o snlelsuortu^lesuot eql l€ql pueuruooel I aolJDLtasuo1

'InqeuH r7arurar? I l€3ol NuytsiaVol. 9, No. 2 (1993)

(CI0

Figwe32. E. ectadiocladd:a:fruitt b: leaves;c:hypanthium, calyx, and perules;d: staminal bundle;e: style and top ofovary (scaleba.r 5 mm);fl seedand chaff (scale bar I mm);g: habit.4 km S of Eneabba,R.J. Hnatiuk'180205 (PERTH). Scale bars, unlessotherwise indicated, 10 mm. 'DpDlrolpDtta A Jo uoll'':.qutslo gg err8rJ

? CTT Soval f o(El f otl sole c/c

c7c v0vv

SoE cnc

SoB So&

SoB eaz

!oszl a 721 loEl logll logll lotll

'DdtDJOta$D 'e^neler ? esols slr esoql ol lsErluot q saqcu?Jqeql;o tlqrq Supee:ds epl^\ eql ol sreJeJpu? qcuslq Sulu"eur Jo 'Goputtg sopoll ptm peqap\slno 8up?eur solpl2r{a spJo,t {eerC eql tuoq pe^IJep sI eu?u aqa

'snl?ts qJIq^\ rrrJguoc ol perFbal sI {Jo^\ plelJ Jeq nd peueleeJql lou s?^\ ll l?ql u"etll pFoc serE 'ssoJt" - eql ur se^JsseJuI sJncJo,{lq?qoJd uDI00I wtD sselsI eBu?Jsll ?x?I u^\o[x ' lJood eoltll 'snlDts ,!uorr4i eq ppoqs selteds sI0 Jo sru?ls uon?Ajesuoc eql l?If puoulroteJ I uo!1D^tasuo) ',{L0l '1rquqSuqcuerq 3ulq.rc pue Aulp€oJds (g ^IrJ"r) eql pu€ :seqJu?Jquo sol?el Jo sseuesl€dsellleleJ eql :sal€al eql Jo eplsJepunaql uo elqlsl^ qtq^\ IIIoq ure,r.1 ,(1uoe.'r.eq ,{1pnsn qtlq^\ sa^eal slt;o ssaulqSp4s pue sseu/{oJr?u eql uI sroJJIp1I pd.toJoJa$D g olpeleler,{lesolc lsoru srq DdtDJolhlo aop)esJo JequJeuJEslDpDlJolpaca E saloN

'rcqrrreloN ol reqolcg 'pottad Swauo1g

'pues 'qluaq 'qreeq 'a1ue1e1re,ropues ,(er3.ro i(er8 daep llos :qFeq pasop .tto1ro uedo ,l^ol uedo :ueiuo,n1 qcrr satcedsuoqsle8e,{ peplsoss€ :suP1dpls?oc ol spu?ldntl1 e$luroq'fl2rlqDH

'(gg am8r.d)ueunt ol ?qq"aug Jo quou 1sn[uro4 utuld plseo3 eql uo l3lnsl( urt\\Jl'uo!flq!4slo

Daowaq 'rl.ln\etrH reRod LOZ l 208 NuytsieVol. 9, No 2 (1993)

14. Eremaea asterocarpa R.J. Hnatiuk sp. nov

Frutex cum vel sine lignotubero. Folia obovata ad elliptica, angustaad lata, ad apicemrecurva, in parte quarta distali cymbiformia, acutavel obtusa,glabrescentia; vena in pagina abaxiali 3, 5 vel 7. Flores in ramis longis anni proximi terminales, 1 vel 2 per inflorescentia, ut in Mr.isodorati. Hypanthium campanulatum, vadosum; indumentum bistratum, strato supero sparsim strigoso ad densissimevilloso, infero densepubescenti ad puberulo. Lobi calycis late tdangulares,dense villosi ad densissimepilosi, in fructu persistentes.Fructus doliiformis, cupulatusvel campanulatus,scaber, irregulariter pustulatus, inferne mamnillatus vel raro laevis, pallide brunneus vel cupreus, lobis prominentibus acutis vel labro undulato, valvis exsertis.

Ty,pzs:5 km S of Coorow-GreenheadRd on CockleshellGully Rd, 30"07'Slat., 115"07'Elong., 19Oct. 1978,R.J. Hnatiuk78O256 (holo: PERTH; photo: CBG).

Strzb, 130 cm tall;with or without lignotubers. Branclresspreading, ascending or erect,orshort and contorted. Branchlet indumentum two-layered with dense,pilose outer layer; inner dense, pubescentor tomentose. Over-winteringbracts 6-14perbud:obovateto spathulate;2.5-5.9 mm long, 2.1-3.5 mm wide; indumentum oneJayered; usually glabrous on back and fimbriate, but also tomentoseall over back or villous on upper (distal)back andfimbdate; finely striate.Leaves narrowly to broadly oboyate to elliptic, recuNed at apex and cymbiform in distal quarter, acute or obtuse; 3.4-8.3 mm long, 1.0-4.5mm wide; 3, 5 or 7 veins visible on undersurface;indumentum one-layered pilose and fimbriate, glabrescent;dryleafcross-section flat,thin. Petioles0.4-1.4 mm long. Flowers terminal on long branches of last season'swood; 1 or rarely 2 per inflorescence; scent musty. Hypanthium shallow, campanulate,2.0-3.8 mm long, 2.7-4.6 mm widel indumentum two-layered, upperlayer sparselypiloseto very denselyvillous;lower layerdense,pubescent to puberulousall over outer surfaca which is uneven, dull, and tuberculatefrom the large basesof hairs. Calyr (lobes) broadly triangular; 2.2-4.0 mm long, 2.0-4.3 mm wide; indumentum denselyvillous to very densely pilose, persistentin part in mature fruit. Petals4.0-6.0 mmlong;glands sparseto abundant;the thin- margin ofthe Iaminawide or narrow, weakly fringed or entite. Stamensl6-36perbundle, filaments fusedin lower half; smooth;filaments 7.5-10.0 mm long;orange; swollen distally; claw 1.5-4.5mm long, 1.3 3.3 mm wide. Ovary with 9-23 ovules per loculus; upper surfaceof valves denselyshort- pubescantwithout sparselong hairs. St-Jle8.2-10.5 mm long; indumented on lower quarter or occasionallyto nearapex. Fnrltdoliform, cupulate or campanulate;6.9-8.0mm long;rough,lumpy, mammillate in lower parts or rarely smooth: light brown to coppery brown; 10.5-17mm wide with prominent pointed lobes or undulaterim; valves exserted but backedby lower paft of lobes. Seeds 2.0- 2.3 mm long; smoothi shed freely when fruit is dry.

Disftibution. This speciesoccurs in the Irwin and Darling distdcts and is probably the secondmost widespreadspecies of the genus.

Habitat.Ftomlateritic uplandsto coastalplains; yegetationkwongan: closedheath, low open heath, low closedheath, high shrublandor openlow woodland; soilsdiverse: deep grey sand,grey sandover red brown clayey sand,grey or light brown sandover laterite, latedte and sand,or yellow sand.

Flowering period. July to November.

"Flora Notes. For sometime this specieswas wtongly calledE.fimbriata. This datesfrom Bentham's Australiensis". From specimenshe appearsto have seen, it is clear that he saw both the true E. fimbriata ard the presenttaxon. However, in the publishedaccount, under thename E.fimbriqtL 'elpunq 'epr,^d slueruslrl :qloot[s :JluI{Je,\\ol uI pesnJSluetutllJ red OE-€ZSualut4s pa8uuJ ,{l)"a,r 'trn4 euruzl eqt;o ur8reur-ulqleql :tu"punq" ,{larurro asrudsspuulS :Suol urur g-9 t.rli,iadr ernl"u ur 'esolrd 'esuep '3uo1 tuetsrsred ,(re,rurnluarunpur :apr.r uru t t-l 7 ruur y-g :J€ln8uEutot rEln8uuul ,(tpeorq(seqot).rqrJ s:req;o sesrq e3rcl eqt luo4 el€lncleqnt puE 'Jlnp 'ueêun sr qcrq,\\aoujrns 'esuep 'esJ"ds 'pere,{n1-o,l,rt Jetnolaô llE srolnjeqnd Je,{"I re,rol :esolrd re,{e1reddn runlueunpur 'e1l?lnuedurcc't\\ollcqs :epr,r rIjru f-l Z'8uol LuLu8 €-t Z w lqruDdtH ,{tsnu tuecs :erueoselouur ;ed 7 ,{1arerJo I :poo,r s,uoseastsul Io seqcuurqSuol uo Fururat sraaol! 8tr.olmru t'l-t 0 sapltaJ urqt'wEuorlcas-ssoJJJB€[fJp :luerse]ql?l8'eluuquq pw esolrd'peJe,{sfeuo urnlueunpur :eJuJmsrapunuoelqrsr^sure,t6,{larl]r/Jog:apr,{UJUJgl-lz'8uo[ruu€8-tt:esnlqo]o 'cr1d111e,{puorsurco elnce'xede1u pe,unce: o1ele,toqoflproJgsa^Da7 e1auls (1euq :etruqurJpue '{arq 'peJe,{"I 'et€uqurrJ esoFd ,{ll€uorssJro reô IF esolueulot euo runtuerunpur,{llDuorsrcco tnq pue snorqelS.{puanber; :epr,r uu S t 9 Z'8uol trltrl6 E-€ :eluôqo:pnqpuruuel .redI19 sDtuq qu1ta|ult4-iaÔ esoluetllol osuapJouur :Ja^€l Jelno asolrd 'asuep qlr.Lrparafel-o,tr1 runluaunpul 'qflJ{S ellpuD.tg Surpuecsuot Suprerds saq)uDtg sr\oJeqnlou8q,{puenber; :lFl ruc 0€I

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7.5-9mmlong;orange; swollen distally; claw 1.5-4.5 mm long, 2-3.3 mm wide. Ovarywith 14-23 ovulesper loculus; upper surface of valvesdensely short-pubescant without sparse long hairs. SD,le 8.2-9.'7nm long; indumentedon lower quarteror occasionallyto nearapex. Fralt cupulateor campanulate;7.2-8 mm long;rough, lumpy or rarelysmooth; light brownto copperybrown; 10.8-17 mm wide with prominentpointed lobes; valves bi-lobed with surfaceof eachlobe irregularly mammillate,exserted but backedby lowerpart of lobes.Seeds 2.3 mm long;smooth; shed freely whenfruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 5 mites[8 km] NW of Badgingarra,Hill River district,B.G. Briggss.n. (NSW 146256);I0 km N of Yanchep,N. Byrne; 3962(PERTH); CockleshellGully Rd,c. 0.8 km S of junctionwith GreenheadRd, M G. Corrict 8065(MEL); 6 km W ofBrand Hwy on S-mostroad to NambungNational Park, R.J. Hnatiuk78\099 (PERTH); 12 km S of JurienRd on MunbineaRd, R./. Hnatiuk 780167(PERTH); 5 km S of Coorow-GreenheadRd on CockleshellGully Rd, R."1.Hnatiuk 780256(PERTH); S armof McNammaraRd, 3.4 km E of BrandHwy, R.J.Hnatiuk 790045(PERTH); between Seismic & PerryRds, NE of Lake Pinjar, R.J.Hnatiuk190200 (PERTH);27 miles [43.2km] from Gingin towards Regan'sFord, M.E. Phillips

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14b. Eremaea asterocarpa R.J. Hnatiuk subsp.histocladaR.J. Hnatiuk subsp.nov. (Figure 34i-k)

Frutex sine lignotubero. Folia ovata vel parum obovata, angusta,acuta, indumento uniseriato, piloso; vena in pagina abaxiali 3, raro 5. Flores in ramis longis anni proximi terminales, 1 per inflorescantia.Hypanthium campanulatum, vadosum; indumentum biseriatum, stato superodensissime villoso, infero densepubescanti. Lobi calycis late tdangulares,dense villosi, in fructu pemistentes. Stamina per fasciculo l6-36, ad medium connata,filamentis aurantiis. Fructus campanulatusad doliiformis, scaber, irregulariter pustulatus, vel marnmillatus praecipue in parte infero, pallide brunneusad cupreus,lobis 4-6 acutis prominentibus,vel labro undulato; valvis exse is.

Typus:21 km E of Eneabbaon roadto ThreeSprings, 29'44'S lat., 115'28'Elong., 12 Sept.1978, R.J.Hnatiuk18Ol32 (holo:PERTH; iso: CBG, MEL, K; photo:CBG).

"Eremaea Illustration. R.J. Hubbard, Australirn Phnts l0 no. 77:13 llg78) xs fimbriata" .

SlrraD,110 cm tall; not lignotuberous. Branches ascerdingto ercct. Branchlet indumentumtwo- layeredwith dense,pilose outer layer; innerpubescent. Over-wintering bracts 11-14 per terminal bud, obovateto spathulate;2.5-3.8 mm long,2.1-2.7 mm wide; usuallyglabrous and fimbriate, but occasionally indumentum oneJayered, silky, on edges and on upper (distal) back; finely striate. Leavesnarrowly ovateor slightly obovate,acute; 3.4-7.6 mm long, I -2.4 mm wide; 3 to rarely 5 veins visible on underside; indumentum oneJayered, pilose; dry leaf cross-sectionf7at, thin. Petioles 0.4-1.4 mm long. Flowers terminal on long branchesof last season'swood; I per inflorescence; fragrancemusty. H),panthiumshallow, campanulate;2-2.8 mm long, 3-4.6 mm wide; indumentum twolayered,upper layer very dense, villous; lower I ayerdense, pubescent; indumented allover;outer surface uneven,dull, finely mammillate to tuberculate. Callx (lobes) broadly triangular, 2.2-3 rnm long,2-2.5mm wide;indumentumdense,villous, persistent in maturefruit. Petals4-5mmlong4-6.2 mm wide;glands abundant;thin-margin narrow, weakly fringed, orentire. S/azers 16 36per bundle; filaments fused in lower half, 1.5 2.5 mrn long, L3-2 mm wide; filaments 7.5-10 mm long, smooth, swollen distally, orange. Ouary with 9-14 ovulesper loculus;denselyshort-pubescent withoutsparse long hairs. S4,le10-10.5mmlong; indumentedon lower quarterto nearapex. F,'al,campanulate to doliform; 6.9-7.9 mm long; rough, lumpy or mammillate especiallyin lower parts; light brown to coppery brown; 10.6 12.2 mm wide; with prominent pointed lobes, 4 and 6 lobes are tiequent, or undulate; valves bilobed with the surfaceof eachirregularly mammillate, exsertedand backed by lower part oflobes. Seeds2-2.1mm long; smooth;shed freely when fruit is dry.

Selected specirnens exqmined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Moora, about 140 km N of Perth, A.M. Ashby 63 (AD, PERTH)i 19 mls [30.4 km] West of Watheroo, M.l.H. Brooker 1912 (AD, PERTH); 40 miles [64 km] west from Three Springs, C.A. Gctrdner9136 (PERTH); 23 km S of Eneabba-ThreeSprings Rd,38 kmEof Eneabba,R.J. Hnqtfuk 780115 (PERTH);21km E ofEneabba on road to Three Sptings, R.J. Hn(ttiuki 80132(PERTH); TathraNational Park,R.J. Hnatiuk800052 (PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District (Figure 36).

Habitat. From lateritic uplands to coastal plains; vegetation closed heath, low open heath, high shrubland, or open low woodland; soil deep grey sand, light brown sand over laterite, or lateritic gravel. Found on the plateaux immediately to the east of the coastal plain between Jurien and Eneabba. ',{:p sr grnrtrueq,,il ,{lee4 peqs :qtoours:3uol trltrl E z -o z spaas s€qol posoilEt .rotlloouls ltlnSerl 'seqo1;o 'qtoours o,tr1q1r,nr xade lred ;e,trol ,{q pelcuq lnq pegesxe .Io alBlllrurulru fFeln8er:t eqol qc?eJo eJ€Jrnsqlr.{\ peqol Iq seAIE^:ruIJ el€lnpun lo seqol pelutod luauturord q]t,t apr,t ruru 1 1-g ',{drunl 'q8noJ :u,rolq Freddo3ol u,, ojq tqBII :qtoous ,{1erer:o suud ra,ttoluI et€llru.IurEur :8uol urlu 6-l :eplnu€durEJJo alelndnc trr{ JI"q Jo.\\oluo pelueunpul :8uol tuut g 3-g g ai'Q5 srrcq 3uo1 esJ"dslnoqlr,^d luecseqnd-poqs f,lesuap se,tpl go aJEJJnsleddn :snln3o1:ed seln,lo 6-L rl].t ttoÔ 'apr^\ '8uol ulur 0 Z-l I lutrl Z c ,relr :,{tt"tsrpuello,\\s :e8uuo :8uol uul g t-0 t stueruslU:esollld€d 'olpunq 'xede :JIEqre,rol ur pesnJstueuetrJ Jed 97-97 suawotg pe8ur.g.{l1ue,Lr tu .r,ro::eu put septs l€ epr,r eurusl aql Jo urSr€ur-urqleqt :esJudsspu"l8 :Buol ultu g V a slDlad ttnrJ arnleur ul ]:ud ut luelsrsJed'esolrd,{lasuepuntueunpul:ept,nrurug6o'8uoluruIZc:ltIn?u"Il,{lpeorqsaqolr{1u3 's.rr€q '[[np 'uoêun Jo sesuqegl€l eqt uorJ el€lnc]aqntpue sI qJIq,{\aJqJns lalno tano 11esnolnraqnd 'esuep 'pere,(e1-o,ng Je,(EtJe,,!\ol :esolrd o1 snollr,r ,(lesuep re,(el reddn unluaunpul:aplt\ ruur g t-9 8 '3uo1 'alelnuedurzc ',\\oll"qs ruur g 7-y.7 lutlrlquDd[H u,^doDl]ou esl^\leqto ,,lull4,, su pepJocal uaaq suq luecs :ecueJsarouurled I :poo,r s,uosBaslsBl Jo seqcuuJq,.3uo1,, uo Fu[uJe] s-/ad{olJ '3uo1urur 'p3Je,&[-euo y g-g g saplJad u\tq'tEWuow es-ssotcJ€e[ ,{lp :esolld urnluetrlnpul:ecEJ]ns '3uo1uru 'xeds -Jepunuo elqrsr^ sure^ / Jo S :eplrAruul y 7-1 7 9 9-9 9 :esntqo lE pe^rncer ,{llq8lls 'cr1dr11e ,{1,trolru o1alu,roqo ,(1,tor:eu sa,lra1 el€uts,{leulJ :el"uqrulJ pue {J"q (1e1srp)reddn uo 'pele,("I-ouo 'etslrqu:t3 snollr^ Jo{33q JeAoIle esotueruol runluaunpul ,{lpuols"cco tnq puu snorqllS ,{lFnsn :epr,r ruur 6'7-9 7'Euolruut 1t-r'€ :el?lnqt€ds01 ep,roqo ipnq rad g1 t slcetq 8warutu 'esuep -raÔ esoluerljol 'esuepJeuul :Jefol Jelno esolld qlt,,|]\peJe[EI-o^\! wn]uaw pul lalqJuDtg 'peuotuo3 'Surpuecse pu" uoqs :o o1 Sutpue:ds.ta{Jupl€' snoleqntou8ll :lpl u1 OL'qntqs

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Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: R."/.Cranfield2T (PER'IH); R.J.Hnatiuk 830059(PERTH); M. E. Phillips 21110162(CBG).lPrecise localities with]reld.l

Distribution. DarlingDistdct southof Perthon thecoastal plain (Figure36).

I/aDirar.This subspecies occurs inkwongan and woodland vegetation on deepgrey sandoveryellow sand.

Notes. E. asterocarpq slbsp. brachyclada is a shrub very similar lo E. asterocarpa subsp. asterocqrpa,bllE. asterocarpa svbsp . b; achycladaislower in height,lignotuberous, and its branches areshort (about 2-6 cm pergrowth cycle), zig-zag, or contorted.The fruits are usually smaller than thoseof slbsp. asterocarpa.

It is not comnon andforms the southernmost oudiers of thespecies and the section. Its unusual growthform, whichis maintainedin cultivation,and its geographicisolation, form thebasis for its taxonomicrecosnition. 'rueo1,(t1c u,,'rorqpal ro 'ulnllnlloc 'e1ue1e1relo 'pu"s ,{elore^opueSatrq,r puus,{el8 ,{el8 daap'puesu,to:qtq8ll deepIIos :qt"oq pesolt 'q]?eq 'uort"le8a,t ,$ol lo uedo ,$ol :u€8uo,r{ pelutcosselsuI"Id lPlsEoJo1 spusIdtrcr1rn1u1 |o|1qog

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',{pue8rn pessasseeq ol speeutI sesnreqlo JoJuoll€1e8e,t e,rqeu ruelc o1e;nsserd ,{,teeq - JepunaJB 1pq1 q ed Jo qlnos seeJuur suoqcalloc,Lre; flal uo.u u,tou{ sI lI Ex"I u.$ou){ ,{llood aug,{1r:ou4eqplnoqsflalls^sII{lJosnlelsuonl?AJasuoceqll€I{tpuolutlroJaJI'snJo$uolloMasuoJ

,rar?riJ )inncuH I r33od 2t6 NuyrsiaVol.9, No.2 (1993.)

Fig|uft3'l. E. x codonoca.pd: a: fruits; b: leaves(scale bar 2 mm);c:style and top ofovary (scalebar 2 mm);d: delail ofstamen (scale bar I mm);e: transversesection of ovary (scalebar 2 mm);f: seedsand ovulode;g: habit;h:flower. scale bars.unless otherwiseindicated. l0 mm. '(066T {nrt€uH puE sel"oJ) uoxul slt{tJo e]nt€u puqfq eql Jo a.uaprê Jeq nJ e^13 sasfl€u€ eu,4zosl [Errrs ueeq seq ezrs eldureseqt lnq']uerod l€ural?u eql elquosaJ 'spees,$eJ ,(1eso1cqcrqal Suuds;;o ecnpo.rdpue e1q€rê.re oseql lnq ^re^ ecnpoJd,4lFJeueA slueld eqa sturodlprus s: seqol xfpc ao sureuJeJeql qtr^\ ueuo sruu et?lnpunaêq lcq] slrn{ pue :a8ueJo '{urd Joulolor^ lou e.n l€ql suarll€ls:rdlocotalso g w.uet4 dol eql te Supeerds sseltnq'peluaunpur ',\\oJr?u sr 1eq1urnrqlurd,{q u'.o11k1don1dotdsqns oacolott ? Jo esoql uzr{t rept,r\ lnq aJ€ leql 'elqerl€^ 'uoxE] so^?ot,4q paqsrn8urlsrp sr tI elqssru8oJa.r,{llureue8 sr [[ns q8noqtF eqJ anunuoc ol 1ouSurssorc ro; uos?eJsnorlqo ou sr araql seSurrrncco 111s flqeqord sr uorlzspuqfH ecueqJnlslp t?lrq?qe^rsuelxe ol esuodse:urepouru,(1uo eq o1,{1e>y1une:r spuq,{qeql l€r{tuot1ecrpur ue Sulpr,tord snql',rou luJel sHl ,rou{ e,t\ s? ..peqmlsrp,,ueeq e,req o1 ,{lelrTun ,fte^ s€.netuec f lqeqord 1rqcrq,lri ruo{?eJ? eqJ pelaallocu?qlreqt€r lues su,r lr qcrql\ ruo{ aasld6ql ueeqeêq,{uru uorlucol,{1a1qun sqtr ,.epre31oo3,,s? pap.roJalpue eu.rnoqlat{ ur Jellenhl uol ol ]ues sE^\tI u€ruo^\ u,r\ou{un ue ,(q ,{rnluer 1se1pelce11oc lueur8er; u s111 tuecqru8rssr petcellor uaurlcedslsarlne eqJ sluend 'reqleSol o,{\l aql qlr,{,\uoryla8a^ peqJnlslpunul sJna3oosp lr lnq .lnJ3ostuered a,rnetnd o,1^]eql eJeq,r seprsp"oJpeqrnlsp uo ,{luoruuroJsJnJJo tI ollttqdoqdot dsgtrsoatoloTrt g pue odtocotalso 'mtt odtocotatso g' uee,lnleqpuq,(q prnl"u pesllrq?lsr eq ol peâlleq st ndtocouopoc x A saioN

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Conset-vationstatus. I reconmend that the conservationstatus ofthis speciesshould be Priodty Two - Poorly Known Taxa. Its rangeis lessthan 100km across,it is not abundant,but doesoccur in reserves. Its statusneeds checking in the field.

Etymology. The name is derived from the Greek word kodon (bell) and krryor (fruit) in reference to the shapeof the fruit.

16. Eremaea x phoenic€a R.J. Hnatiuk sp. nov. (Figure 39)

71,pas:c. 18km S ofEneabbaon BrandHwy, 29"56'Slat., 115"16'E long., 18 Oct. 1978,R.J.Hnatiuk 78O22O(hoIo: PERTH; iso: CBG; photo: CBG).

Frutex cum vel sine lignotubero. Rami patentesad erecti. Folia obovata ad angusteelliptica, indumento unistrato piloso-tomentosovel raro bistrato; vena in pagina inferiore 1 vel interdum 3. Floresinramulisbrevibus lateralibus ramorumlongorumanniprcximiteminales, 1-4perinflorescentia (rlerumque 2), non vel manifeste odorati ut in Pimpinella anisum. Hypanthium campanulatum longum, pilosum ad sericeumindumento unistrato vel raro glabrum. Staminaper fasciculo 19-26, ad basin vel raro in dimidio inferiore connata,rosea yel rubra. Fructusurceolatus ad globosus,laevis, cano-brunneus,labro elobato vel undulato vel lobis parvis acutis, yalvis labro aequantibusvel brevioribus lobis apicalibus2 hemisphaericislaevibus ornatis.

Shrub, 150 cm tall; with or without lignotuben. Branches spreading to erect. Brqnchlet indumentum one- to two-layered, with dense,pilose outer layer, inner dense tomentose. Oyel.- wintering bracts 12-23per terminal bud; ov ate;2.7-4.2mrnlong,2.5-2.7 mm wide;indumentum one- layered, ciliate; firely stdate. ,edyes obovateto narrowly elliptic, acute;4.2-6.8 mm long,0.8-1.7 mrn wide; 1 occasionally3 veins below; indumentum one- or rarely two-layered,outer layer pilose tomentose;dry leaf cross-sectiontdangular. Petioles 0.74 mm long. Floweru terminal on shoft lateralsalong long branchesoflast season'swood; l -4 per conflorescence(usually 2); fragrancenone to strong, aniseed. Hypanthium long, campanulate;3.6-4.2 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide; indumentum oneJayered, or rarely glabrous, dense,pilose to silky; all oyer; outer surface uneven, dull, finely marnmillate. Call,rlobes broadly triangular; 1.5-2.8mmlong, 1.5-2.5mm wide;indumentumsparse, villous; apical portion caducous. Petals 3.5-4.6 lr,mlong, 3.5 mm wide; glandssparse; thin-margin wide, weakly fringed. Stamens19-26per bundle;filaments fusedonly shortly at baseto rarely fused in lower half; smooth; 7-8.8 mm long; rose or red; swollen distally; claw 0.8-2.4 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mrn wide. Ovary with 10-14 ovulesper loculus; valvesdensely short-pubescent without sparselong hwrs. Style 9.2-12 mm long; glabrous. Frzlt urceolateto globose; 5.8-7 mm long; smooth; grey brown; 4.6-6.4 mm wide; without lobes,or undulate,or with smallpointed lobes;valves reaching rim of fruit, occasionallyslightly below, ornamentedby 2 smoothhemisphedc apical lobes. Seedsi .5-1.8 mm long; rough; shed freely when fruit is dry.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 2.5 km SE of Mt Peron, NE of Jurien, E.A. Grffin 2468 (PERTH), 18 km S of Eneabbaon Brand Hwy, R."/. Hnqtiuk 780222,780223, 780224,780235(PERTH); 23 km S ofEneabbaon Brand Hwy, R.J.Hnatiuk780242 (PERTH); 1 km E ofBrand Hwy on Coorow Rd, R.J. I1natiuk780271 (PERTH);road offBrand Hwy, just south of Arrowsmith River going east,B. lack,12Oct1977 (PERTH); 1-2 km E of Rose Rd on Crreenhead Rd, E of Brand Hwy, V. Syme& B. Jac( 2 Nov. 1979 (PERTH).

Distribution. Irwin District (Figure 40). 'trrru 'perecpq 'lPq '|eqqeeug 'ltqBq 0t es$r\reqpssepn eJers fiILda ezzjSL4nltouH I y Jo s uDt 8 I rJ:(ruur I rsq aFcs)sopoF^o pue p?,es ra iueuets :p :(uru s reqelEcs) ,Ce^oJo dol pus el&s :r:.r6^\o[J :q:slrruJ :B :railuao|d x A 6Eafi8rt

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Habitat. Latetitic rplands to coastalplains; associatedvegetation kwongan: low open heath, low closed heath, or low scrub; soil deep grey sand,or grey sandover laterite.

Flowering period. October to November.

Noter. It appearsth at E.xphoeniceamay be ahybridbetweenE. beaufortioidesand E. violaceastbsp. raphiophylla. It was not sampled in the isozyme study of Coates and Hnatiuk (1990), but in the morphological analysis(see Figure 2) the specimensrepresenting this taxon areincluded in both the sectio'] Violacea a\d sectionEremaea. It is a particularly rare species,which I have only seena few times in the field, and then only on road yerges. It can be distinguishedftom its closestrelatives (E. beaufortioidesand E. pauciflora)by its leaveswhich arenarower thanthose of E. beaufortioides but wider than thoseof E. pauciflora; its stamenswhich are brilliant rose,red or deepreddish pink; and its fruits which are smaller than those of E beaufortioides and nanower than those of E. pauciflora. The dm of the fruit may be undulate,and the valves reachto or risejust abovethe rim - characterswhich also are different from either of its orange-floweredrelatives. From E. violqcea subsp.raphiophylla it differs in its wider leaves(elliptic not linear), its stamensare not violet, and the fruiting valves are close to the rim of the fruit and not strongly exsertedand reflexed.

Conservqtionstatus. I recommendthat the conservationstatus ofthis speciesshould be Priority Two - Poody Known Taxa. Its rangeextends less than 100 km across. Surveysofthe areasaround where Itt-€zt :9 ^tsolocglo l?urnoluellertsnv 'E!t€!snv 'uqqlr3uA urotsarlt Joqlnos uoueF8a^ uD8uo^\IJo sls,{lEue l€.I3olo.o uV (I861) trlIV'suDIdoH?t I d'InDluH 'S8E-glS :82,{urlogJo lturnof utrptsnv tqSnorc Iq pel.eJc (puElqnqssnol,{qdorcps) ueSuo^{) q.r-sel.ads uErellsnvuralso/A (0861) NIV'suIIdoHl9 Id'InquuH ( urots8luo)r$Joo g rurrualrs2tloo)l) ,, elnNl.roluoN iErlurro I lo spoJ Illuoq?uielul,, (886I) lr l, A ralnerD '9t 'V tellsnv lsc/A .oS ,(oU f (996t) S V'38roeDT C'reupl?D '/t "V 'r0uprtD t€lsnv rsey'Acos,{od f (t961) J 'l'C Ceulnoqlen:ulrlqro't)€ lo^.. uorrÎrtnJroJ:lqrrtns slu?ld otrpnsnv Jo rlp:Edol.i.ug,, (i861) Teuof? d /dlolllg 'Z {n€N lsou.sctoclsalseJ elsôFry IIurseA (€Z6l) )'ururo(t ( spurlpeNisserd |rlsnv 'lsoiAJo 'uD8uo.^\),, ,4]Iuaûn) ,, ul€tdprr?SortlJo aJI'I lutld (spe)p€og S f T,eled /A I rrl ,r-gizl dd e.ue.$tu8rs 'oled"trr'{ reppeH' 'ppoc lcuoqcunJlreql pus slu€ld uFldpuesJo suJeuEd Bulood SIotdBqJ-(i86I) /d)'uoxlc? S I g t CBIzdr{ :uurute8uA/d €Ii I dd,, aplg.repuolrDre8e^ 'l'st.rc elC,Lspo opruC O ? relSug V .r/ sosl.qepuerldsep qiqpns ualltrtsnv'ls3/duo^ lla,auezulldeIC 19061)uo^ 'tL-69 :(t)t,{u!log trxu,Iers,(Su?Ilt.Ilsny 1e'ra3tu^nl) 'InIl€uH 'se?toJ oaDwalgsnue8 eql ur setpnlsou-I,{zosr ulor seruararur,{reuoDnloô pw .r?Luets{S(0661) I d T_ C 'sse stt:tI ^dotoiE 'u,^\ora Jo l?ulnolrrlrlelrsnv ErFlsnv u.rotse^\qtnos Jo tl:qtEeq^\ IeDuat eql ur ut8uo^\{ur uollEu?ÎBuoISeu (686 1) t {'I 992-lSI :(t)ZoI seter\lqlnos ^\aN Jo ,{latcosueeuul'l 'I 'rosuqol 's33u oqtJo s8upae.ord ernt]nlrs e.ue.serolJur ruo4 ecuepl^g - 3pa]tu,{fl 3qlur uorlnloâ (6/6 t ) S V T D g g '01t 6/z izl s^\aheu erubr.S-quegslueu4pes pup surroJpue'I uelloov ul uoFserdyapw sul3ro'aBV :?lleDsnvfi fllplv (9161) I,{ I'.Ial^\og ( spu?lpoN:sserd lel]snv rser{Jo 'VIII 'eê!D 'lpl.xlg ftlsre^run) uolrpg puo3es lo^ .. sre^{ogplllAue!pllsnv ul.lsorlA,aou) o1,{\oH,, (0861) f g ? A ^{ 'tsl 08t:€ jo^.. srsuarFlsnvProtc., Daltaalg \L98I) J ull?qtueg

saJuaJeJeu

'oaouatg uo \Jo,t' plnoc I teqt os erul] qcnru dn Sut,tt8:o; ,(1nue;,(ur o1 1n;elur8rue 1 'lducsnuuueql uo SuDueruruo3,{llpJrtuc.roJseereJer snou,(uou" puuuosuDI?tr{ qogo) pue'oaoualq 'suoll€lsutn ro s8ur,r\?rpeqt Jo l".reôsJoJ Je,{og eu?r(I pue enp"ueJ{ teJESftt{ ol uqel Supt,tord JoJ p.rsqalo fuoJ pu" e8roeg xely ol'VJ'IAC qlt.,'t Suqro,tr uI eJu€lsrsseJoJ ztLt\lFC e{q4l pu" eured ruoJ ol lngepr8 uu 1 suorlcellocpadduru pue t?uroJ VI.1SC ot "t€p pouoûoJ lalu?C 'etrr ue.r.red\pue roJ ElEpleq€lpaquJsuuJl stu"lsISS" l€JluqJatr;o suorprauaS lua^JS ^ a)]cleIUJO 'u{sut{ 'X ''IglAI uosrer-IlsJlu€log u€ry?Jlsnv errug uo{ e.u€tsIss€e8pel.,ltoulc€ ot qsl^\ I lA pue 'CV 'ld.SN 'HJUA4 :suerurceds1o suaol roJ Eueqreql€roôs Jo sJoltoJIOeql ol 1n;elar8osp un 1 'aar^reS 'seqolu.reJ 'tueruuouûg eJIIptrlA pu€ s{Jed l"uorleN u€lplsnv eqt pu" pus rusunoJ, eql 'stry;o 'uunrg 'urnIEqJaH lrodg tueuuedeq eq1 pu€?JolCJo nEetng oIIJ u"llE.ItsnVuJelsalA eqlJo se^rlnsexllJerqc pu? sJolsero eqt Iueql ot qsr,, I sJe(oldua p:e,r.esfq pegoddnss",1d {lo,t\ sltlJ

quarua8pel,tlourlcy

'sueuEts eql Jo rnoloceqt ot sraJa:pure1d:nd-pe:8ururautxtutoqdptox4eoJC aqi uoJl sauoc aru€ueql {Solowtig

'sntels sll Sulssesse,(puelc ro3 pe:rnbe: sr {Jo,r plerJpelrelaq suoqrlndod e,usuelxeeJe 'punoJ araqt $ql ^le{llun sl 1l os ueaqe,req s1uu1d,ral pue snoreunu uesq e^€q pelJelloJ ueeq s€qlI 222 NuyBiaVoL 9, No. 2 (1993)

Hubbard,R.J. (1978). Ir€ma€d - Thecenus. Ausffalian Plants 10(?7): I l-17. Kuntze,C.E.O. (1903). "Lexicon Generum Phanerogamorum." p.201. Marchant,N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane,T.D. (1987). "Flora ofthe penh Region." (WestemAustraliar Departmentof Agriculturet Pe(h.) Speck,N.H. (1958). The Vegetationof the Darling-Irwin BotanicalDistricts ard an Investigationofthe Distribution ofthe Family Proteaceaein South-WesternAustralia. PhD. Thesis.(University of WestemAustralia: Peth.) "Botanical Steam,W.T. (1978). Latin."@avid & Chades:Newton Abbot.)

INDEX

Eremaea sect. Ebracteatq 156 sect.Eremaea 1.56 sect. Fimbriata 156 sect. Violacea 157 slbg. Eremaea 156 stbg. Okriocarpa 157 Eremaed acutif7lie 202 Eremaeaasterocarpa 208 subsp, asterocarpa 209 subsp.brachyclada 2L3 slbsp. histoclada 212 Erenaeaatala 167 Eremaea beaufortioides 183 vat. beaufortioides 183 var. lachnosanthe 188 vzr. microphylla 186 Eretnqea blackw elliana 18O Eremaea brevifulia 200 Eremaea dendrodea 194 Eremaea ebracteata 190 var. brachyphylla 193 var. ebracteata I91 Eremaeaectadioclada 205 Eremaea firubriqta 160 Eremaeahadra 170 Eremaeapauciflora 172 var. calyptra 179 var- lonchophylla 176 var. pauciflora 1.72 Eremaeapurpurea 197 Eremseaviolacea 162 subsp.raphiophylla L64 subsp.violacea 162 Eremaeq x codonocarpa 215 Eremaea x phoenicea 218