Bewahrung Archäologischen Kulturguts Für Die Nachwelt

Home , Philippeion, Propylaea, Sirwah

Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Podbielskiallee 69-71 D-14195 Berlin Tel.: +49-(0)30-187711-138 Fax: +49-(0)30-187711-191

Chimtou | 14 Resafa | 52

Baalbek | 50

Dahschur | 24

Tayma | 54

Elephantine | 26

Assuan | 28

Sirwah | 44

Marib | 40

Yeha | 48 Preserving Archaeological Heritage for Posterity Restoration and Reconstruction Projects of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) Preserving Archaeological Heritage for Posterity

Since the beginning, excavation work has belonged to the overall reputation of the DAI to a higher degree than

Preface the main tasks of the German Archaeological Institute actual research work. (DAI). Inevitably linked with this is the preservation of the This brochure takes a look for the first time at the manifold, archaeological monuments entrusted to its care. Restora- already successfully completed restoration projects of the tion as well as the sustainable conservation of a ruin site DAI. It particularly aims to show the large tasks which need therefore represent a task which becomes increasingly im- be addressed in the future and for which the DAI relies on portant. The responsible management of an archaeologi- financial support and sponsorship. cal site is a major challenge for a research institute operat- We would be happy to welcome new sponsors who sup- ing worldwide, even more so as the preservation of ruins, port the DAI in its demanding undertaking to not only re- without affecting their ‚ancient‘ quality, belongs to the search but also to preserve archaeological cultural assets most complex problems in the preservation of historical for posterity. monuments and sites. In addition, conservation and res- Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt toration projects are very costly. However, they also repre- You too can support the DAI in its worldwide effort to preserve archaeological cultural assets for poster- sent an important part of foreign cultural policy because ity by making a donation. Each contribution helps to save our common heritage. they contribute directly to the preservation of cultural 1 Aizanoi, Turkey. Colonnaded street from late antiquity Please use the following bank accout for donations in sup- Donations are tax-deductible. heritage in the respective host country and, moreover, to 2 Aizanoi, Turkey. Partial reconstruction of the colonnaded street port of the German Archaeological Institute: 3 Pergamon, Turkey. Modern roofing to shield the roman mosaics of For further information, the development of tourism. In this respect, they further Building Z Bundeskasse Halle please contact the following address: Deutsche Bundesbank, Filiale Leipzig German Archaeological Institute (DAI) Account for domestic payments: Division of Building Archaeology Kto: 860 010 40 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt BLZ: 860 000 00 Podbielskiallee 69–71 14195 Berlin Account for foreign payments: Tel.: +49-(0)30-187711-138 IBAN: DE38 8600 000 000 8600 1040 Email: [email protected] BIC: MARKDEF1860 Reference: ZV 91890136 – Preserving Cultural Assets (Independent of project) ZV 91890136 – Preserving Cultural Assets + Site (i. e. Pergamon) 1 2 3

2 4 Italy This, however, would have disturbed the visual impressionvisual the however, havedisturbed This, would loadable. statically not is masonry ancient the as structure have required supports in the corridors of the underground would covering complete the addition, In consequence. a as anymore visible been have not would monument the of part significant a because reasons technical for doned ture, which spans an area of 2,700 square metres, was aban struc underground entire the covering of idea initial The again was and the basement filled in. at the end of the 5 the of end the at earthquake an by damaged badly presumablywasso floor arena been hadrenewedfloor three times in antiquity. The wooden the that light to brought investigations The floor. arena new a of reconstruction the for proposal a forward oftheColosseum andput andtheunderground structures arena the of Archeologica Soprintendenza the of behalf on survey a out carried DAI the of department Rome The Colosseum the for Floor Arena New A – Rome th century AD that it was not repaired repaired not was it that AD century - - 2 1 3 2 1 standing high No area. total the of seventh one to sponds corre metres, square 440 of area an spanning and, 1875 of excavations the during destroyed been had which ture struc underground the of section eastern the only cover to Soprintendenza the to suggested was it reason this For metres above the level of the ancient of the edge arena. half a and one than more risen have would covering new thatthe so girders the of largecross sections sultedvery in re have would metres 44 approximately of span maximal complete covering with a girder construction. However, the the support to been have would solution elaborate very but feasible technically A structure. underground the of

with the construction of the modern arena floor arena modern the of construction the with structure underground the into View arena the of view Interior interior the into entranceway an from View 3 - - - completed in the year 2000. the from donation generous a by ated initi was Rome in Colosseum the at work restoration The ture. struc underground the up close study to and impression visitors to move around the arena, to experience the spatial enables now floor arena the of reconstruction partial This restore the ancient level any without difficulties. to here possible also was It installations. from free ridors cor the keep to order in walls former of foundations the on covering the for supports necessary the place to tunity oppor the offered which area this in preserved were walls and Roma di Banca Completed - - - - 5 6 Italy quake at the beginning of the 4 the of beginning the at quake Building earth an by destroyed Teanoprobably of was theatre The Stage the of Anastylosis The – (Campania) Teano The drawing documentation, which includes detailed ob detailed includes which documentation, drawing The of the theatre. thoughtaken of context, out parts, extant of re-assemblage the is, that building, stage the of stylosis ana the planning is Caserta and Napoli di Soprintendenza the DAI the of department Rome the with cooperation In Roman order. to belonging the classical prisesmembers all the structural stage the comand collapsedstate its in of preserved iswhichbuilding façade the for true holds this particular, In found. members structural large-scale of number the and preservation of state its of terms in both Italy, Central in monuments cal archaeologi important most the of one represents today and periods subsequent the in robbery stone extensive th century AD. It escaped escaped It AD. century 1 - - - - - date, however, there is firm no financingcommitment. To years. few next the in implemented shall be project The in caution of the building. planning great the reconstruction with proceed to needs one Therefore, stability. in to order structural provide its too rebuilt tobe need wouldbuilding stage the of parts as building could no doubt appear out of place, even more so stage theof heightapproximatelyof façade the 23metres, a With place. of out appear not and completion their after surroundings their into blend should projects Anastylosis vidual building part. indi each of placement and attribution the allowing this, ofservations more than 80 workpieces, asserves a basis for 3 2 1

3D model of the reconstructed façade of the stage building stage the of façade reconstructed the of model 3D building stage the of façade the of reconstruction Graphic theatre the of view General 2 - Planning costs: 25,000 € 25,000 costs: Planning 3 7 8 Italy is barely discernable among the ashlars lying around the around lying ashlars the among discernable barely is which altar the to applies same The cella. the of parts on as well as monument the of corner eastern north the on emphasis special placeto planned is it remains, the of sion impres better a gain to order In temple. the of side north the temple shall be put into order and on re-assembled the porting figureswhich were attached to theexteriorwalls of At the same time, more than 90 of fragments the male sup restoration work begins. the urgently needed tory of the monument will therefore be investigated before building his the and archaeology The clarified. be to need and remain monument the concerning questions open In addition to evaluating the restoration programme, some restoration of the temple in Agrigento. the for survey preliminary a in participating is DAI the of department Rome the Agrigento, Templidi dei Valle della Paesaggistico e Archeologico Parco the of request the At Empedocle. of Porto in the harbor getty n h 18 the in away taken were example, for temple, the of ashlars Many destruction. recent to due the mainly is of which ruinsedifice former of couple a see only will however, Visitors, columns make architecture. itunique in Greek the between (telamones) figures supporting the as such The unusual and proportions original architectural features BC. 480 in Himera at Carthaginians the over victory the after ately immedi begun was project building The world. Greek the Figures Supporting is third cultbuildingin largest Akragas in Gigantic ›Olympieion‹ The the of Resurrection The – Agrigento in Zeus Olympian of Temple The th etr ad sd o te osrcin f the of construction the for used and century - - - - 2 1 4 3 2 1 as well monument. as of the whole parts building individual of dimensions the visualising by temple the of understanding better a towards contribute will members construction of erection the and boards tion Informa visitor. the of eye the in monument the of unity the recreate to objective the pursue measures these All side. north on the figures erected be shall temple. In addition, one of the 8 metre tall male supporting

Reconstruction of the ›Olympieion‹ with supporting figures supporting with ›Olympieion‹ the of Reconstruction from 1925 stone artificial of made telamon a of additions with Copy view side and front telamon, the of Reconstruction pieces original from re-assembled Telamon - Financing requirement: 25,000 € 25,000 requirement: Financing 4 3 9 10 Italy case in the entire Greek world. Focusing on two important two Focusingworld.on entireGreek the in case the centre of public life in the city, presenting an exceptional been had centuriesit history.Foreventful and long a with multi-functionalhallassembly a agora, the ontheatre rion Ekklesiaste so-called the on placed was emphasisSpecial of the individual building within the whole complex. reusable original building parts and towards the importance toration was oriented towards the amount of preserved and res the ofarchitectural extentstructionsand Thesamples. recon partial of form the inbuildings important most the of order the of parts –foundations remainingthe to ence refer close in – erect to made was decisionfundamental the Thus, remains. the of restoration representative a out In view of the extensive destruction it was desirable to carry portant example of the centre of a Greek planned city. history and rich furnishings, this compound serves as an im light a unique group of buildings. With its complex building of the adjacent agora, the civic centre three of the city, brought to with sanctuary city peripteral temples large and a multitude of the smaller cult places ofand excavation The the city as well as in the research of its urbanistic context. excavation and representative restoration of central areas of the inbuildings historic and monumentsancient of torate DAI has been working together closely with the Italian direc City theIonian Sea.Since 1967 theRomedepartment the oftheDAI of at alluvialplainantiquity,an destroyedlate since pletelyinExperience Better a Towards The important Greek colonial city of Metapontum lies, com Reconstructions Partial Through – Metapontum ------was highlighted through the erection of a limited numberlimited a of erection highlightedthethrough was hand other the on temples great the of significance The the original shapes create a new entity. and new pieces made of selected natural stones adhering to stonespeciallymanufacturedartificial a of additionsmade structed and made accessible again. Original building parts, buildingphases, the complex was therefore partially recon 2 1 - and has lost none of its appeal to visitors. On the contrary,the visitors.On toappeal its of none lost has and The Archaeological Park has existed in this form for 25 years information. proportionatea balance; illustrated complementcharts the totalthevolumeinvasivetakenkeepwastoof measures in care Special members. building fragile more the of casts of architectural samples which comprised original parts and 3 2 1 fer an own new dignity on the complex. made of additionsartificial and natural stone, the have aged particularwell and con in measures, reconstruction the

Reconstructed façade of the theatre (2008) theatre the of façade Reconstructed City sanctuary and agora, reconstruction model reconstruction agora, and sanctuary City City sanctuary and agora from the west (2008) west the from agora and sanctuary City Completed 3 - 11 12 Italy 1988–1992. The objective was to renovate and reconstruct reconstruct 1988–1992.and renovateto was from objective The measures restoration extensive in resulted period, Classical the of works fortification important most the of one Gate, North the surrounding structures the of ticular par in and acropolis the on walls the of investigation The cavation the civiccentre of the agora, of the city. ex the on placed been has emphasis 1996,the Since ings. cilian directorate of ancient monuments and historic build Si the DAIand the of department 1971since Rome the by investigated been has Sicily of southwest the in city lonial Walls co Greek large the temples, monumental Fortification its for Famous the of Reconstruction Careful The – Selinunte - - - - - outline of the ruins. At the same time, a system of visitor of system a time, same the At ruins. the of outline the retaining while step by step re-assembled were mains inmany restored individual places;originalre the of some mains. Instead, werethecarefully fortifications cleared and re building original the on impact destructive ultimately and deep their to due examples negative particularly as ple C in the sanctuary, city both of which are now regarded classical Temple E and in sanctuary of the Temextra-urban early the of reconstruction anastylosis the in seen be can It was thereby todecided avoid intensive measures such as accessiblevisitors. tomakeit to and structure complex the 1 - - - 3 2 1 to date. commitment financing firm no is there but progress in is project the of implementation restorationwalls.the ofThe DAI measuresin these The as decisively as takesinthe part in entirely new dimensions. city planned large Greek a experience to visitors enable would This city. the of area whole the over extended be should zones accessible the accessibleer,that made andvisitors to be shouldthat they the importance of the findings it is highlydesirable, howev tion and reconstruction of the derelict landscape. In view of tion, but they also pose specificproblems for the conserva destruc the before city the oflife the informationof about abundance an gain to archaeologists allow findings Such afterwards. tosoon and systematic exposed stone robbery BC 409 in Carthaginians the through city the of struction de catastrophic the after abandoned were areas These circumstances. historical outside by conditioned are city acropolis the the of area vast the in excavations Current tooriginal location. inits close proximity sample tectural glistening white plaster, was aserected an illustrative archi in covered turret a of story upper remarkable the namely detail, particular one Only acropolis. whole the to on later tion boards, was installed in the fortifications andextended pathways, sparing the ruins and accompanied by informa

North fortification of the acropolis, reconstruction model reconstruction acropolis, the of fortification North (1995) acropolis the of wall west the in turret a of storey upper stuccoed the of sample architectural reconstructed The (1992)defences outer restored the Acropolis, the of fortification North ------Continuation planned Continuation 3 2 13 14 Tunisia From the 1 the From Medjerda.labourThe and quarrycamp was also excavated. ancient city, the aqueduct and the Roman bridge across the theMicipsa, Numidianking the ofHellenistic templeto ed antico or marble Numidian yellow famous the which from researchtheonancientstarted marble quarries Chimtouof Simitthus,sinceoftown1965.Roman the Germantou, The Marble Yellow The Rome of department of the DAI has been working in Origin Chim of Place The – Chimtou / Simitthus in the pre-Roman phases of the Punic and Numidian period. theaim of conducting further research on the ancient town ter a study period, the work was taken up again in 2008 with manworldaccounton statepreservation. goodof its of Af ries;today, presentsit exceptional an monument theRoof quar the in work dangerous the to condemnedprisoners was extracted. The investigationsThe extracted. was extend werethen st to the 3 the to rd centuries AD it accommodatedthe it centuriesAD giallo - - - - - surrounding Roman structures. The foundations of the Hel the withinvisible made and conserved were forum Roman the under discovered were which monuments grave ian Numid unique the Thus, day.this Tunisiato in exemplary as regarded is Carthage, in DAI the of activities the conjunction with in which, 1980s the as early as programme restoration a initiated DAI the excavations, the to Parallel 2 1 - - Algerian War. 5 4 3 2 1 the4 inwhich time from range ture and offer informationon monuments theoutstanding fu in easily more site archaeological the around look to Chimtou to visitors enable will tour round archaeological An forum. the of north the to finds settlement Numidian and camp quarry as well as on the excavation with sections labour the of development and restoration conservation, theTunisian on for trainingfocus vanced will It colleagues. monuments, thus offering of thebasic opportunity andad ancient of Tunisian conservation the young in with experienced professionals together out carried be will work The public. the to accessible restor them making and deterioration, them ing from excavations German the of monuments the protecting includewill tasks future works, older of publication and evaluation scholarly the to Next ums region. in Mediterranean the South opening, it is still regarded as one of the most prized muse its after years TenGerman-Tunisianventure. joint a in site the on established museum modern a and conserved also were mountain marble the of peak the on temple lenistic

The labour and quarry camp after excavation after camp quarry and labour The monument Numidian a of Reconstruction monuments grave Numidian with Forum spring in Chimtou of forum The quarry the in antico Giallo th century BC toBC theFrench- century - - - - Financing requirement: 140,000 € 140,000 requirement: Financing 5 4 3 15 16 Greece with the surrounding buildings. surrounding the with contrast fascinating in standing while visitors to tecture archi classical late of impression an convey to able is ble ensem The it. on stumps column three and bays column complete two with foundation stepped the of third one assemble to possible was it guidelines, these Following materials. new in executed additions substantial avoiding while possible as building original the of parts available many as integrate to intended plan restoration The limestone. shell of trast, con by entablature, the of parts and drums column the limestone, close-grained of capitals and bases column the marble, of made were steps The materials. building ferent dif of use the is feature specific Another Islands. Aegean with other in buildings of Asia the Minor Attica, or style the contrasting and details of execution the in style individual an displaying order, Ionic the of application the in daurus It buildings. in fromdiffers Delphiits and predecessors Epi circular classical late of type rare the to belongs It terest. in great of also is building the of history architectural The Leochares. sculptor the by made family royal the of statues ivory and gold five were terior in its in heroon; a as well as monument victory a was It the 4 the in Zeus of Sanctuary the to building the dedicated who it to in owes Philipp IIbuildings Olympia; existence its King important most historically the of one is Philippeion The Olympia in Philippeion the at Work Restoration th century BC. BC. century ------1 3 2 1 fre ever since. most in the sanctuary objects photographed quently the among been has and 2005 in completed Foundation Leventis G. sios the of donation generous the by possible made was realisation its 1999; in began project the for Planning

State of preservation of the foundation (1987) foundation the of preservation of State (2005) reconstruction partial the of view Overall parts reconstructed the of Drawing . The partial reconstruction was was reconstruction partial The . Anasta - - Completed 3 2 17 18 Greece better better preserved column and a part of the base. Visitors will the only reconstruct to intends therefore programme The completely missing. even are blocks interior its while gaps of full also are socle the of slabs facing The preserved. well equally all at not are each, capital a and drums column eight base, a blocks, stylobate two of consist which example, for columns, The consideration. into reconstruction partial a only take can materials, one new in executed additionsthan rather parts original by dominated impression overall an for Aiming prominent itis location, also easily visible to all visitors. a in Situated monument. Hellenistic the of reconstruction the justify thus bases, of typology the to regard in pecially es history, architectural in position special its and tance impor historical its as well as building, the to attributable securely are which parts, individual of number large The the Great,and his and sister wife Arsinoё. delphos, one of the most successorspowerful of Alexander Phila II Ptolemy Egyptianthe of Itwasking builtin honour 270 BC in belongs to the best buildingspreserved in Olympia. erected was which monument the Moreover, design. architectural sophisticated their by characterised are Zeus, tres, second in length only to the columns of the Temple of me 8.5 of columnsheight a marble with Ionic two the ary; sanctu the in bases votive numerous the of largest the is position prominentamong the monuments of Its 20Olympia. metre wide base a occupies Hall Echo the of front in Olympia in Ptolemies the of monument votive the Ptolemies respects, many In the of Monument Votive the at Work Restoration - - - - - the of donation a through secured been has financing Initial smaller for used repairs. be only will stone Artificial limestone. shell of made be will be carried out in marble, the missing of blocks the pedestal ity of the building. Necessary additions to the columns shall nevertheless be able again to experience the monumental began in 2009.began Regula Pestalozzi FoundationPestalozzi Regula . The work on the project project the on work The . 2 1 - 5 4 3 2 1

State of preservation of the north column (2010) column north the of preservation of State (2010) drum column Uncleaned reconstruction partial planned the of Drawing (1970) foundation the of View Höpfner) (W. monument the of view Reconstructed 3 Financing requirement: 100,000 € 100,000 requirement: Financing 5 4 19 20 Greece onain ae rsre, n t epaie h signifi the emphasise to and preserved, are the foundations only which of temple, the to dimension third a give to was reconstruction) (partial anastylosis the of aim The dias, of the seven one of antiquity. world wonders Phi by made Zeus of statue ivory and gold high 12 metre the accommodated BC 456 470and between erected was which building the of interior The execution. its of quality cated design which is evident in single every detail and the sophisti its to regard in architecture temple Dorian of ple of sanctuary Olympia. It the is considered to in be exam a Sanctuary perfect building sacred the largest the is for Zeus of Temple The Dimension Third A – Olympia in Zeus of Temple The 1 - - - - brittle shell limestone; the only exception are the roof and roof the are exception only the limestone; shell brittle umn consists, just as the rest of the building, of porous and col high metre 10.56 The area. this in preserved well very is cella the of foundation the as reconstruction for chosen was temple the of corner northwest the columnin original an Instead, structure. architectural the of understanding better a for desirable been have would which bay column completea toreconstruct impossible therefore wasture. It entabla corresponding their and columns neighbouring two of lack a is there members, construction surviving of number large the Despite so. doing in ruin the of cance 2 - - 3 2 1 Wiegand Society and the Theodor the by financed was It Athens. in held Games Olympic the of occasion the on 2004 in completed was work The 2000. in began assembly step-by-step The limestone. imported from made newly were missingparts the techniqueswhile craft reworkedtraditional withwerethen casts lime.These hydraulic and stone ground finely are components main whose stone artificial developed specially a with restored therefore were capital the and drums column the of parts damaged The marble. of made are which sculptures the

View of the completed column from the southwest (2004) southwest the from column completed the of View (2004) team restoration the with Capital (2004) capital the on casts the Refining . Leventis FoundationLeventis Completed Completed 3 21 22 Greece the temple should be left unchanged. left the temple should be of destruction the to testimonyimpressive most this as ed however,measures, Further time. intendsame not the are at underside the on stucco the conserve to and mounds count; our intendsprogramme to stabilise them with earth ac into taken also are state collapsed their in remained have which temple the of side south the on columns The atdetails close of the capitalsmayrange. seen be careful interference has advantage thatthe further the fine a Such replicas. stone with column northern the of drums missingthe of replacement necessitatesthe which stumps column of erection the in lies solution practical only The wall. cella rear the of reconstruction complete the cludes however,pre members, building original of lack The tion. loca original their to temple of side western the of front in lying capitals preserved well two the return to planned is It this. with connection in arranged newly be shall hall) (rear ophistodomos the to belonging parts building the this, with connection In visitors. for pathways circulation the improve to and noticeable more temple the of plan ground the make to order in parts building positioned ily arbitrar from colonnade the clear to is concern first The against protection weathering and damage. better a with parts building original significant providing at aimed also are measures The ple. order to help visitors visualise the former shape of the tem in planned are measures further approval, great with met which and attention public much attracted which Zeus of Temple the of column a Olympia of reconstruction in the Following Zeus of Temple the at Work Restoration Further ------the damaged building members will begin shortly. will begin building members the damaged relevant Greek authorities; clearing work and restoration of entis-Foundation the by granted been has project the of financing The . The proposal has been accepted by the by accepted been has proposal The . Lev 1 - 4 3 2 1

Overview of the west side west the of Overview ruins in lying Zeus of Temple the of view Aerial side west the of reconstruction planned the of Drawing members construction with side North Addition in natural stone natural in Addition Addition in artificial stone artificial in Addition 3 Spacer Financing requirement: 60,000 € 60,000 requirement: Financing Original substance Original 4 2 23 Dahshur – An Exceptional Temple Ensemble Becomes Visible Again Financing requirement: 350,000 € Egypt

Upper approach Excavation trench 1: lower approach

Temple

Excavation trench 2: south wall of the lower basin

The temple at the approach to the Bend Pyramid in vated land and ends in a rectangular precinct, probably an old harbour. It was very fortunate Dahshur (approximately 2600 BC) is the oldest decorated that the excavations uncovered a large number of new relief fragments from the temple. This temple in an Egyptian pyramid precinct. The relief stones enables a new start to reconstruct and study this significant building. are of great significance for our understanding of Egyptian The limestone ashlars of the temple have been badly damaged by climatic conditions and need temple decoration. They throw a light on the ideology of to be urgently consolidated. Moreover, the newly found relief stone and statue fragments, early pharaonic kingship as well as on the economic and damaged by the saline desert soil, need to be restored in order to preserve these valuable administrative penetration of the country. From a formal monuments. Initial samples have shown that excellent results may be obtained here. perspective, the architecture of the temple holds a key po- In order to make the whole exceptional temple ensemble visible again, it is also intended to sition in the development of the canonical Egyptian pyra- restore the mudbrick houses of the priests which lie inside the precinct wall. In addition to this, mid precinct. wall charts containing basic information for visitors will be set up in the restored complex. Large parts of the pyramid precinct including the temple were already excavated in the 50‘s of the 20th century. Sur- prisingly, however, recent research of the Cairo department 1 Temple with the Bend Pyramid in the background has brought to light a 140 metre long vaulted temple ap- 2 Plan of the temple at the approach to the Bend Pyramid 2 3 proach made out of mudbricks which leads towards culti- 3 Nile deity, offering papyrus 24 25 The Museum in Elephantine – An Architectural Gem is Restored Financing requirement: 120,000 €

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UKFD UKFD +106.66 h +106.62 c F0.09-2 i

e BRH: +102.90 BRH: +102.91 1.67 m² F0.13-1 s

LH 4.84 LH 4.85 c n d c 20.67 m² UKFD +106.68 OKFF +101.77 d OKFF +101.82 A R 0.14 UKFD +106.68 R 0.10 Terrasse c 59,48 m² in the vista of the island. As the centre of the new museum Terrasse UKFD +106.71 LH 4.87 59,54 m² a UKFD 104.33/105.38 a UKFD +105.30 /104.29 LH 2.74 - 3.79 B LH 4.91 LH 2.74 - 3.75 R 0.13 OKFF +101.59 R 0.09 R OKFF +101.55 R 0.05 H Vorhalle : + OKFF +101.81 a c a 1 9.76 m² g 02 LH 4.94 d d Auslucht/ Abstellraum .50 Auslucht/ Abstellraum UKFD +106.70 OKFF +101.77 LH 4.91 OKFF +101.79 c k e OKFF +101.77 b 1 U 1.88 m² Z: + 10 1.87 m² 4.33 i a f d d d c B b 7 RH: 02.4 c +10 : +1 2 b d it will also be in the focus of manyT0.01-2 visitors. b .44 BRH F0.09-1 a b d a F0.13-2 T0.03-2 T0.03-3 T0.01-1 A BR F0.12-2 F0.12-1 F0.08-1 H: +1 F0.08-2 15 02 a 2.5 c .58 2.58 10 : +10 B : + c BRH RH b RH c : + B c Ansicht Ost Ansicht Ost 102 b f .50 c a b j j i 4 k T0.06-1 b The Aswan region – embedded in the spectacular rocky landscape of the First Nile Cata- b -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 m

a - l Bezeichnung der Wände BRH: Oberkante Brüstung in m R 0.12 d R 0.08 T0.03-2 Bezeichnung Tür STH: Unterkante Sturz in m

F0.06-2 F0.06-1 F0.08-1 Bezeichnung Fenster UZ: Unterkante Unterzug in m r

UKFD Unterkante Fertigdecke in m Auslucht l h Auslucht o b LH Lichte Höhe in m OKFF Oberkante Fertigfußboden in m

1.77 m² N 1.77 m² t Alle Maße sind am Bau zu prüfen! Maßunstimmigkeiten sind mit dem Auftragnehmer zu klären. Alle Höhenangaben sind auf das

Elephantine-Festpunktsystem bezogen! h

UKFD +106.66 Durch die eingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit zu den Räumen R 0.07, R 0.09, R 0.11 und R 0.13 entspricht die dortige abgebildete UKFD +106.62 Genauigkeit nicht der des übrigen Planes! c

ract – has always played a significante role as the southern frontier of the Egyptian settle- BRH: +102.90 BRH: +102.91 i Die im Plan angegebenen Wand-, Tür- und Fensterbezeichnungen beziehen sich auf des Raumbuchsystem und erleichtern die s

LH 4.84 Zuordnung der einzelnen Bauteile in Fotodokumentation und Raumbuch. LH 4.85 c n Dipl.-Ing. Christina Straße

OKFF +101.82 BAUFORSCHUNG_DENKMALPFLEGE A OKFF +101.77 28.03.2010 CS Nachbearbeitung Tel: +49 30 40504087 Greifswalder Straße 197 +49 178 3126210 28.01.2010 CS Aufmaß vor Ort Fax: +49 30 40504503 D-10405 Berlin [email protected] Datum Bearbeiter Planungsstand

Maßstab: Projekt/ Darstellung: Zeichnungsdatei: ELE_Museum_GR_100328.dwg R 0.14 1:50 ASWAN MUSEUM ELEPHANTINE Blatt-Format: Zeichn.-Nr: ment area. A close series of archaeological and historical monuments bear witness to this Grundriß Erdgeschoß Kernbau 594 x 841 2 R 0.10 Terrasse Terrasse 59,48 m² 59,54 m² UKFD 104.33/105.38 position throughout change and continuity. UKFD +105.30 /104.29 LH 2.74 - 3.79 LH 2.74 - 3.75 OKFF +101.59 OKFF +101.55 R 0.05 Vorhalle a c a g Unfortunately, the buildings from the colonial period wered recklessy and almost com- 9.76 m² d UKFD +106.70 LH 4.91 OKFF +101.79 c e pletely destroyed at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century although the structure and b UZ: +10 4.33 f the riverfront view of the modern town received their characteristic features at that time. B b RH 2.47 : +1 10 02. H: + The last remaining and clearly visible building from this period is represented by an office 44 1 The historic museum building onB RElephantine 2 Figurative shutter holder

building of the Ministry for Water Management, built in 1906, which sits majestically on 3 View into the wooden entablature A 2 the eastern bank of the island of Elephantine overlooking the river and the city of Aswan. 4 Groundplan of the building 26 27

Ansicht Ost Ansicht Ost

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 m

a - l Bezeichnung der Wände BRH: Oberkante Brüstung in m T0.03-2 Bezeichnung Tür STH: Unterkante Sturz in m F0.08-1 Bezeichnung Fenster UZ: Unterkante Unterzug in m UKFD Unterkante Fertigdecke in m LH Lichte Höhe in m OKFF Oberkante Fertigfußboden in m

Alle Maße sind am Bau zu prüfen! Maßunstimmigkeiten sind mit dem Auftragnehmer zu klären. Alle Höhenangaben sind auf das Elephantine-Festpunktsystem bezogen!

Durch die eingeschränkte Zugänglichkeit zu den Räumen R 0.07, R 0.09, R 0.11 und R 0.13 entspricht die dortige abgebildete Genauigkeit nicht der des übrigen Planes!

Die im Plan angegebenen Wand-, Tür- und Fensterbezeichnungen beziehen sich auf des Raumbuchsystem und erleichtern die Zuordnung der einzelnen Bauteile in Fotodokumentation und Raumbuch.

Dipl.-Ing. Christina Straße BAUFORSCHUNG_DENKMALPFLEGE 28.03.2010 CS Nachbearbeitung Tel: +49 30 40504087 Greifswalder Straße 197 +49 178 3126210 28.01.2010 CS Aufmaß vor Ort Fax: +49 30 40504503 D-10405 Berlin [email protected] Datum Bearbeiter Planungsstand

Maßstab: Projekt/ Darstellung: Zeichnungsdatei: ELE_Museum_GR_100328.dwg 1:50 ASWAN MUSEUM ELEPHANTINE Blatt-Format: Zeichn.-Nr: Grundriß Erdgeschoß Kernbau 594 x 841 2 Historical Rock Inscriptions in the Region of Aswan Financing requirement: 45,000 €

Egypt A remarkable part of the archaeological heritage in the Aswan. The inscriptions here date from the Middle King- area of Aswan consists of a large number of rock inscrip- dom (approximately the 18th and 17th centuries BC) to the tions from Pharaonic times. They were carved into boulders Roman imperial period. They list the names of families of and rock faces in the vicinity of the stone quarries and thor- quarry workers and military men employed in transporta- oughfares of Aswan, often concentrated in certain places. tion, thus offering a vivid illustration of the long history of The earliest inscriptions date from the 3rd millenium BC, the quarrying in the Aswan region. majority however dates to the 2nd millenium BC. The texts Both inscription groups are situated in densely populated refer to gods, kings and officials of the old Egyptian state, areas and are exposed to severe destructions through pol- some of them also recount historical events. They are an lution and waste incineration. Protective measures are ur- important source of evidence for the reconstruction of the gently needed to preserve them. To this end, a solid fence 2 Egyptian state apparatus, local religious and cult practices shall be put up around the inscriptions while information as well as the Pharaonic foreign policy. The textual monu- boards, together with flyers in Arabic, English and German, ments are severely threatened through the rapid growth will explain the significance of the site and of the inscrip- of the city of Aswan and are currently in danger of being tions. This will also raise the awareness of the local popula- destroyed. tion to the value of these monuments. The Cairo department of the DAI and the Supreme Council of Antiquities have therefore formed a long-term cooperation project which pursues the scientific documentation and publication of the rock inscriptions. The project also deals with issues of site management and the conservation 1 of the inscriptions. We are currently dealing with the protection of two especially valuable inscription groups. One of them, located in the heartland of the ancient quarry area, is arguably the most spectacular inscription group of the region as it alone comprises four historically important steles of kings 1 Rock stele of Thutmosis II with an account of the Nubian campaign th th th th from the 18 and 19 dynasty (15 to 13 centuries BC). 2 A group of rocks with historical inscriptions surrounded by modern The second group of inscriptions is located in the village settlement 3 Documenting the inscription of a viceroy of Nubia from the time of 3 of Gebel Tagug on the southern edge of the city centre of Ramesses II 28 29 30 Egypt unique necropolis is existentially threatened through the through threatened existentially is necropolis unique numerous of thishistoric single and burials.preservation modern The also are There today. veneration of places as serve still and family prophet’s the of members memorate com which mausolea domed by characterised is It Egypt. islamisationthe of of beginnings the tohence and century Saving the Fatimide Cemetery at Aswan at Cemetery Fatimide the Saving cemetery, the earliest graves of which date back to the 7 the to back date which of graves earliest the cemetery, Fatimide so-called the is This preserved. been area larger a has city the of south the to only settlement, modern the olis. complex The important has largely disappeared under necrop Islamic vast a by surrounded was Aswan Medieval th - -

preservation and the conservation of the tombs and mau and tombs the of conservation the and preservation the secure will us by compiled project preservation ment monu a of realisation The basis. long-term a on cemetery the secure to necessary are buildings, domed damaged badly structurally the on especially measures, restoration further but out carried been has work tombs. restoration Initial these of research and the documentation on scientific Antiquities of Council Egyptian the with gether to working been has department Cairo the 2006, Since and also throughcontinuous its use as aburial place. Aswan of city the of growth rapid the tombs, the of decay 1 - - - 4 3 2 1 eteries of Egypt. sible to one preserve of the most significantmedieval cem pos be will it means this By amenities. other and system accessiblecemetery to tourists, providing a route guidance toisalsointendedmakeIt the pilgrims. interred and the of relatives the for areas designated clearly create and solea

grave of an imam, asking for divine intervention and justice and intervention divine for asking imam, an of grave the over powder indigo blue sprinkle Believers saints. of Veneration collapsing of danger in are mausolea Further dome. destroyed the 31 M and Mausoleum (right) quarry obelisk pharaonic the and (left) gardens public the and Museum Nubian the as such Aswan in attractions tourist existing with cemetery Islamic the connect to intends project preservation The burials single shallow the above rise tombs domed medieval The south. the from view general Aswan, in necropolis Islamic 2 - - Financing requirement: 65,000 € 65,000 requirement: Financing 4 3 31 32 Turkey Göbekli Tepe – A Protection Roof for a Unique Site Unique a for Roof Protection A – Tepe Göbekli 1 3 2 able and long-term protection from weathering. Temporary required to provide the stone and mud walls with a sustain Furthercontinuationtheto thesemeasuresofurgently is it pillars in structure C. ample, has already been carried on the monumental central ex forthat,pillarsbroken professionaltheof repair aswell excavations,the as ofcourse further theover necessary be will workcontinue.Similar excavationscould the and cally cubic metres of timber both pillars could be realigned verti chinery. By means of foot-operated winches and some solid priority, however, it was not possible to work with large ma surroundingtheprotectionof the archaeological finds had As structure.the interiorcompletelyofexcavate tothe der or in realigned be to had tilt The years. ofthousands over exerted pressure earth lateral the through position lateral central pillars, however, have been pushed into an unstable The times. Neolithic in backfilled completely been had it that fact the to duecondition excellent in preserved been has fabric basic Its metres. 20 of diameter inner an has far so excavated circle stone largest The measures. toration res stone various all, of first requires, monuments lithic mega the of presentation touristic and preservation The achievements, especially within the area of architecture. unexpected quite also and unknown hitherto of capable were who hunters of groups were There issues. central in agriculturalsocietiesand sedentary developmentofthe of view our change to as monumentality and richness such of findings light to broughthave Turkish regionEuphrates Excavations at the Stone Age mound of Göbekli Tepe in the ------

4 3 2 1 to preserve this unique site for posterity. with sponsorship funding in the next few years, enabling us realised be shall design The site.sensitive this by manded de requirements high the meets which design a tenders submitted from selected committee selection 2011, a In ther archaeological investigations. fur hindering without findings the experience to visitors enable should pathways circulation Non-intrusive ments. fulfillingprotection roofmuseologicalable require certain ing. These need to be replaced by a permanent und extend weather from areasexcavation certain protect to order in shelters were erected since the beginning of the excavation

position vertical stable a into pillar the lift to help gabions to fixed Winches Stumps of the central pillars remain in the bracing of the pedestal the of bracing the in remain pillars central the of Stumps Re-erecting the pillar the Re-erecting excavation of structure C structure of excavation complet the enable to re-erected been has pillar The pieces. into broken and bracing its from wrenched was pillar central western The Finance requirement: 2,000,000 € 2,000,000 requirement: Finance 4 - - - - - 33 Boğazköy-Hattuša – A New Head for the Lion Financing requirement: 40,000 €

The Lion Gate in the south-western Upper City of Hattuša, joints, however, have lost their properties and their colour Cracks in the stone are filled with an acrylate dispersion Turkey the capital of the Hittite empire in the Bronze Age, is among since then and impair the visual appearance of the monu- bound mortar which matches the colour of the surround- the most impressive monuments of ancient Near Eastern ment; it became necessary therefore to renew them using ing stone, thus achieving not only the long-term consolida- art. The originally parabola-shaped roof of the gate and the modern methods and materials. After a comprehensive tion of the material state but also improving the visual ap- mighty lions lining the gateway are an exceptional testimo- damage assessment was carried out in 2009, the Faculty of pearance of the monument and its impression on visitors. ny to the Bronze Age art of stone masonry in Anatolia and Conservation and Restoration at the University of Applied At an unknown point of time before the discovery of beyond. The monumental gateway figures, however, were Sciences Erfurt developed a method on the basis of sam- Boğazköy by Charles Texier in 1834, the head of the left lion badly damaged in a devastating fire. Moreover, vandalism ples for removing the old adhesives as carefully as possi- was destroyed through vandalism. Aiming to restore the led to the loss of the head of the left lion. ble. In contrast to previous procedures, it enables one to original appearance of the gate and to convey a vivid im- 2 In 1970, the cracks were filled with a polyester resin based dissolve the former adhesives without leaving any residues pression of its monumentality to visitors, the missing head stone filler to prevent further decay of the monument. The behind or adding further damage to the stone. of the left gate lion was reconstructed following the better preserved right lion, adjusted in size and modelled out of mineral stone restoration mortar. The work combines the highest standards in the restoration and conservation of cultural monuments with visu- alisation issues, thus contributing towards the touristic use and development of this significant site.

1 Lion Gate 2 Filling in cracks with mortar 1 3 3 Reconstructed lion‘s head 34 35 36 Turkey 3 2 1 Metropolis Ancient an Saving – Pergamon

Reconstructing the supporting figure supporting the Reconstructing 1907 in excavation Attalos, of House tower round southern the at work restoration Hall, Red 2 1 ter Initiative for Intercultural Dialogue and Understanding Understanding and Dialogue Intercultural for ter Initiative the in included been has project The museum. 5 4 perial period (2 period perial im Roman the from deities Egyptian for sanctuary a Hall, Red the of conservation the on working currently are We apprentices. and masons with workshop a of tradition this continue to like would We projects. conservation our of framework the within stonemasons training been have we years 30 than more For craftsmen. local of ployment em the and materials is use of the local principle A further relationship. fruitful intoa enter may presentation and preservation research, that so begins conservation the before investigated always are structure a of history building the and archaeology The projects. completed successfully several with recognition national DAIinter The has gained to accessible visitors. make them to and term long the in monuments excavated the secure to has of work our been objective the From the beginning, standing. international of metropolis cultural ancient an presented Pergamon that shown have excavations extensive the tar, al Pergamon the as such art of works outstanding of ery discov the to Next 1878. on since Turkey, of metropolis coast west Roman the and capital royal Hellenistic the Pergamon, in working been have archaeologists German

Sculpture fragments in the south court of the Red Hall Red the of court south the in fragments Sculpture wall temenos Endangered nd century AD), which will be turned into a into turned be will AD),which century Ernst Reu Ernst in in ------which is in danger of deterioration. of danger in is which architecture, ancient of ensemble exceptional this serve pre to serve measures planned and ongoing Completed, residence. ancient preserved well especially an Attalos, of are planned in the gymnasium Hellenistic and in the House works restoration comprehensive future, the to Looking using for visitors. value of high didactical a project reconstructed parts, original be will Hall Red the of court south the in figures supporting high metre 8 nearly the of one addition, In here. point focal a are wall, retaining massive a wall, temenos southern the of reconstruction complete planned the and 2009, in completed tower,already round Hall will be secured and presented to visitors. The southern Red the of section eastern south endangered particularly the seasons excavation few next the of course the Over Turkey. in ences thus asandafiguring culture sci German flagship of 2008, 4 - - Financing requirement: 450,000 € 450,000 requirement: Financing 5 3 37 38 Turkey man archaeologists at the end of the 19the of end the at archaeologists man Ger by excavated Izmir,was of south kilometres 80 about The ancient of city Greek Priene, situated in western Turkey Centre Cultural Ancient an of Preservation The – Priene in Gymnasium Upper The lenistic city (4lenistic city is regarded as the prime example of a late Classical and Hel Priene residentialbuildingsand quarters, public its anceof appear remainsthe buildingand preserved welloriginally tinues to be intensively researched by the DAI to this day.this to DAI the by researched intensively be to tinues one i te 4 the in founded been had that city the of area the of half under just time, th – 1 th st century BC was laid open. Due to its its to Due open. laid was BC century centuries BC). excavationThe site con th century. At that At century. - - - - aklk caatr f h ecvto st wt dispropor with site excavation the of character park-like the disturbing without city the of context urbanistic the as well the as buildings ancient of appearance visualise the and structure to Firstly, objectives. two pursue decades few last the of measures restoration and conservation The ings. build residential the of construction unstable somewhat and material stone the to example, for due, is This ments. monu andarchitectural restoration of its the conservation concerning challenges certain however,presents site, The 1 - - - ancient cultural centre entirety. in its this experience to visitors enable also would structure the of presentation vivid and appealing An securing. manent per requirewhich blemishes and displayside cracks north gered structure; especially the Roman imperial walls on the endan acutely the of securing the be would this for ment require A investigatedbefore. thoroughly been never has tural history of the city and its central location, the building architecand cultural the in position prominent its Despite tions of acultural centre. Roman baths are nowadays compared with the func often of functions the fact, In period. this in usual was as ways various in used then and bath public a into reshaped was teaching of future citizens. it In the Roman imperial period, and education sporting the served originally it century BC, 3 2 1 4 the to Dating Priene. in type this of complexes building two of one older the is It centre. city ancient the in buildings municipal most standing highest the and to impressive belongs Gymnasium Upper buildings. so-called residential The selected and church Byzantine a hall), (assembly bouleuterion the theatre, various the sanctuaries, on focused have measures such years recent In and vandalism areas. to especiallyendangered behaviour visitorsweathering, by increasingposed threats the controlSecondly, to reconstructions. complete tionate

Temple of the Egyptian Gods. Repair work at the podium the at work Repair Gods. Egyptian the of Temple house amonumental of façade the from fragments architectural Assembling Gymnasium. E13Insula Upper the of east to the wall stair eastern the of Erection Gods. Egyptian the of Temple th or 3 or rd - - - - -

Financing requirement: 25,000 € 25,000 requirement: Financing 3 2 39 40 Yemen ry BC to the 4 the to ry BC pet f aaa bra csos rm h 8 the from customs burial Sabaean of opment devel the into insight valuable offers and sanctuary as the time same the at used was cemetery The 1997. since research of subject the been has Marib of oasis the in ple tem Awam the at period Sabaean the of cemetery The temple Awam the at Cemetery The – Marib ing fire in antiquity. Some stones need to be replaced or replaced be to need stones Some antiquity. in fire ing devastat a in damaged badly were walls stone lime the of Parts caulking. for available is times, Sabaean in used been already had which qadad, called mortar lime suited well- A monuments. the of deterioration further stop to order in copings wall the secure to required urgently is It up 10metres. to height a reached buildings the all, in All surface. ing walk exterior the below partly and above-ground partly storeys, four or three possessed tombs some Thus, today. even storeys former the of position the indicate supports and holes Beam red. painted been have may interior which walls their on plaster mud or mortar Some lime had exterior. tombs the on ashlars limestone worked lously meticu and interior the tuff on limestone using hewn roughly or double-shell-technique, the in mostly constructed were tombs older the of walls The complex. like labyrinth- a of impression the convey today, and, alleys these block often tombs younger of alterations and tions Installa alleys. narrow of system a by accessed were They burials. separated clearly and storeys several with solea mau by above-ground represented are groups tomb The th century AD. century th centu ------against the sand of the nearby dunes and to build mud build to and dunes nearby the of sand the against protection a as hedges with cemetery the provide to ed intend also is It chambers. tomb interior the the in colouring and plaster the restore to necessary moreover, is, It preservation. their for resin epoxyde with consolidated 2 1 - - es to prevent them from collapsing. Visitor pathways, pathways, buildings. the to access Visitor provide will ramps and stairs collapsing. from them prevent to es trench archaeological the of edges the along walls brick 3 - 4 3 2 1

niche the in deceased the of image an with necropolis the from stele Grave Axiometric reconstruction of a tomb’s interior tomb’s a of reconstruction Axiometric tombs rebuilt frequently and alleys narrow its with necropolis the over View during the Sabaean period Sabaean the during elite the for ground burial a as used temple, Awam the at cemetery The Financing requirement: 350,000 € 350,000 requirement: Financing 4 41 The Dam of al-Mabna in Wadi Jufaina (Oasis of Marib) Financing requirement: 250,000 €

In the 5th and 6th centuries AD, the Sabaeans construct- with a length of 190 metres, a height of 8 metres and ings, mainly out of use temples, were used for their Jemen ed a dam called al-Mabna in the second largest wadi of a maximum width of 3,5 metres originally blocked the construction. The use of spolia, however, did not allow Marib, the wadi Jufaina. The new dam relieved the fa- wadi completely. The other two dam walls, measuring a precise fitting so that the facades had to be plastered

mous Great Dam of Marib and opened up new agricul- more than 200 metres in length, followed the natural with mortar to prevent water from penetrating into the n tural grounds. The dam, impressive even today, offers form of the terrain; they served to canalise and impound joints. insight into the last development stages of Sabaean irri- the water which was conducted via the discharge build- The dam walls on the other hand are constructed in the gation technology and the eventual failure of an initially ings into the main canals. so-called habl technique; rough lava chunks form the successful irrigation concept. The discharge buildings are built in an especially stable core of the wall which is covered with a several centime- Al-Mabna constitutes a system of three dam walls and manner as they sustained the highest water pressure. tres thick layer of qadad, a Sabaean lime mortar in use three – initially four – discharge buildings. The main dam Mighty limestone ashlars originating from older build- since the 1st century BC. For reasons of stability, the walls consist of several such lava-qadad layers. Next to the archaeological and architectural study of 2 the dam, we need to carry out comprehensive restoration works on individual building parts. It is necessary, for example, to consolidate some of the walls, to pile up the interior filling again and to secure the outer façades with qadad.

1 The well-preserved dam at al-Mabna was built in the late period of Saba (5th/6th centuries AD) 2 The main dam of the complex with long walls for canalising and im- pounding water 1 3 The dam walls were built in layers of lava chunks and the Sabaean lime mortar qadad 42 43 44 Yemen solidation and restoration measures have been carried out out carried havemeasuresrestorationbeen and solidation con sanctuary, this on research the to Next Almaqah. god Sabaean highest the to dedicated temple well-preserved a is sanctuaries these of largest The city. the throughout erected were townscape, the dominating buildings, sacral Sabaean rulers. At the beginning of the 1 the of beginning the At the rulers. Sabaean by conducted programme building elaborate an of site the was it hectares, 3 only of area an with small rather Although kind. special a of centre Sabaean a represents Marib, of west kilometres Centre 40 situated Sirwah, of city Cultural The Exceptional an of Preservation The – Sirwah st millenium BC, BC, millenium - rtcin n te ncitos ee osldtd with consolidated were inscriptions the and protection their for roof temporary a received Yakrumalik bin Watar Yithar’amarWatarKarib’iland rulers Sabaean the of stones large inscription resin. The andacrylate tureoflime mortar mix a with flaws and cracks larger filling by and lime mortar with cracks rejoining by materials, stone new with slabs destroyed exchanging by courtyards the in limestone flooring the of consolidation the comprises work The structions. recon avoid deliberately we so, doing In 2004. since here 1 - - 1 and to maketural heritage the ruin accessible to tourists. Yemenitecul the preserve to is work the of objective The rods. with steel stainless cracks the dowel to order in out laid they were afterwards Only flaws. and cracks possible for checked were tonnes three to up weigh that propylaea the of pillars monumental monolithic six the measurements, ultrasound titative quan of means By anchors. steel stainless with ground the in locked mortice were pillars the as effort some took This structure. whole the of understanding better a vide pro to temple the of interior the in re-erected were Pillars wall surface. the to spreading from salts stop to and fabric the into ing timesSabaean until today, to prevent water penetrat from from use in mortar lime traditional a qadad, with caulked are copings wall The mortar. and hydrate lime dispersed 3 2

View into the interior of the temple with propylaea (8 propylaea with temple the of interior the into View Sabaean rulers Sabaean two of accomplishments the of reports the covering roof Temporary temple the of courtyard inner the in flooring limestone the in cracks Rejoining th /7 th century BC) century - - - - Financing requirement: 25,000 € 25,000 requirement: Financing 3 2 45 46 Yemen which, so far, has only been attested from the mid-1the from attested been only hasfar, so which, Arabia, South in architecture timber and stone oldest the represents buiding The floor. ground the of beams roof from the foundation of the topodium the original wooden the parts, buidling reaches a height of more than 10 metres Its state isof preservation unique for South Arabia; in some completely. exposed be thus can and over built never was It period. Sabaean early the BC, 900 around years the to dated be with limestone in-between the framework. with limestone in-between walls were plastered with loam, only the The corridor was faced walls. exterior and interior the into intervals regular at built were beams wood acacia vertical and Horizontal lenium BConwards. function. By means of means By function. the oldest Sabaean pillar building with a presumably sacral is Sirwah of city the of north the in building PillarFive The Arabia South in Architecture Timber and Stone Oldest the Securing – Sirwah in Building Pillar Five The 14 C samples, its construction could construction its samples, C st mil 1 - exceptional monument against the rain. this protect will roof overall An set. newly be will corridor the of slabs facing the while mortar with consolidated be placed with new acacia stone wood. The wallsdry will then re be will function supporting a had which beams grated Disinte areas. certain of excavation block the as well as areas scorched badly of documentation the enable to der or in mortar cellulose and paraloid with consolidated be will artifacts wooden the excavations, the to Next beams. wood remaining the restore to necessary is it all, Above wellare preserved. remarkably door The that beams wall. wood mortised carefully of made were the frames in recesses by indicated are beams former of position the elsewhere, fire; through building the of destruction the survived timbers Many concerned. are risalits median and corner monumental the as far as parallel without is façade the of design architectural The 2 - - - 4 3 2 1

the timbers (approx. 900 BC) 900 (approx. timbers the for used was wood acacia walls, the of construction timber and Stone BC) 900 (approx. portal stone and staircase monumental the with entrance the to on east the from View damage fire despite preserved well are old, years 3000 nearly doorframes, wooden The corridor the of facing limestone and wood originial The 3 Financing requirement: 500,000 € 500,000 requirement: Financing 4 47 48 Ethiopia named Di’amat which emerged in the 8 the in emerged which Di’amat named kingdom a of centre religious and political the was gray, Ti of highland western the in situated Yeha, of Monument site The National a Securing – Yeha of Temple” “Great The the quarry over a distance of more than 150 kilometres. kilometres. 150 than more of distance a over quarry the from transported be to had it however, Ethiopia, In stone. lime from constructed was building the Saba, in Red As Sea. the of side either on sanctuary Sabaean known est a With high the represents it 14 than metres more of height Almaqah. wall deity main Sabaean the to dedicated extremely endangered, dates to 7 to dates endangered, extremely is which of stock building Yeha, the of Temple” “Great The 2009. since here research architectural and archaeological conducting been have Antiquities of ment Depart Ethiopian the with together department Orient of the Sana‘a branch The city. of the layout to splendid the witness bear still buildings monumental of number day, a th century BC and was was and BC century th century BC. To BC. century 1 - - - - - of the 20 the of course the in removed completely was however, tecture, so archi far. has interior The to robbery stone victim not fallen it times later in church a as used was temple the As continent. from African the to homeland the transported actually were which plates, alabaster valuable with sides interior the adorned and accurately extremely ashlars the on worked Saba from Stonemasons tries. coun poorest in of world’s one the attractions tourist tant impor most the to belongs and Ethiopia of national monument the as regarded is Yeha” of Temple “Great The walls the of supports. with stability the secure to and destruction the mend to are project restoration the of tasks foremost The today. remain fire devastating a in damaged badly were th century so that only the exterior walls which which walls exterior the only that so century 2 - - - 3 Financing requirement: 450,000 € 450,000 requirement: Financing 3 1 2 3

Front façade of the “Great Temple” “Great the of façade Front Temple” “Great the of shell interior the from blocks stone endangered Dismantling at the “Great Temple” “Great the at work restoration and Documentation 49 49 50 Lebanon Emperor Wilhelm II. In co-operation with the Lebanese Lebanese the with co-operation of In behalf II. Wilhelm on Emperor excavations the conducted who ologists archae German by 1904 to 1900 from open layed was It year. a tourists 500,000 approximately by visited is and country the of highlight A Baalbek. of site since 1984, heritage as world it the cultural is regarded town modern world the in Roman Lebanon in the found of is sanctuary remaining largest Alive The Come City the of History the Making – Baalbek - a settlement which goes back to back the 8 goes which a settlement over built was in fact sanctuary Roman The period. Roman the after and before long role international important an As recent research has shown, played impressively Baalbek venture. German-Lebanese joint a as again up taken been has fieldwork archaeological then, Since recognition. nationwide gained which 1998 in site the on museum a established DAI the antiquities, of department th millenium BC. The The BC. millenium 1 tion on the quarter. the on tion informa of posting the and work plaster walls, of dation consoli the comprise and locally out carried be will works The ruins. archaeological as saving worth are which tour tourist the on houses of number a and (hammams) baths public medieval two of conservation professional the in part take will DAI the antiquities, of department Lebanse a with association In tour. round a of means by tourism to and research further to accessible them to make and areas excavations these of documentation plete com a compile to is aim The meantime. the in excavated been have fortress, the to entrance main the at situated time, that from buildings municipal and areas residential Several crusaders. the against stronghold luxuri furnished ously a as Damascus of sultans the served basilica the and sanctuary the Crusades, the of time the at Ages Mid dle the In basilica. single a towards oriented and time 3 2 1 5 the in Christianity by replaced were cults Roman 6

th The well preserved toilets of the medieval baths medieval the of toilets preserved well The ground back the in baths Roman the of columns baths, medieval the over View baths medieval the of area bathing hot the over south the to View centuries AD; the city was richly refurbished at that that at refurbished richly was city the AD; centuries World Bank Bank World financed project of the the of project financed th and and ------Financing requirement: 75,000 € 75,000 requirement: Financing 3 2 51 52 Syria again with a great deal of effort against all odds. The town town The odds. all against effort of deal great a with again the 5 the in built A), (Basilica church pilgrim great the surrounding complex the and city the but zone earthquake an in lies and ground building difficult on constructed was Resafa city. the of upkeep the for provided and churches his to presents rich gave crusader European and tribes Arab Christian caliphs, Umayyad and emperors Byzantine alike. Muslims and Christians by venerated was Sergius day.Saint this to high standing still wall city a and and 6 and 5 the during centre pilgrim important an into veloped de Sergius Saint of martyrdom the of site the limes, the on fort Roman a from Originating East. Middle the of sites ruin impressive most the to belongs Euphrates, kilometres the 25 from some a at steppe desert Syrian in north situated the Resafa, of town pilgrimage antique late The Desert the of Edge the at Town Pilgrimage Important an Saving – Resafa th th century AD, were nevertheless repaired again and and again repaired nevertheless were AD, century centuries AD with large churches, supply facilities facilities supply churches, large with AD centuries th th - supports were therefore erected as an emergency meas emergency an as erected therefore were supports Temporary collapsing. of danger acute in and motion in still was in 2007;out building that the showed findings the carried was stability its on study A 2006. in anew begun were A Basilica on measures Conservation measures. such all for foundation indispensable the are damage of cause the and stock building existing the on studies Preliminary tours. pilgrim resurging and numbers tourist increasing of view in also ruins, sive impres still the for measures restoration and solidation con of execution and planning the on placed was phasis em special years, few last the 1950s. In the since research archaeological systematic of subject the been has Resafa weather. and wind to exposed left and trade of collapse the to due 13 mid- the in invasion Mongol the from spared largely was th century AD but was abandoned shortly afterwards afterwards shortly abandoned was but AD century 1 - - - - of Resafa. of history the in attested amply already is that Muslims and Christians between co-existence peaceful the to bution contri symbolic highly a presents also but value, tectural archi exceptional of monument cultural a of preservation the for importance great of only not is A Basilica Securing means. available on ing depend step by step implemented be same now will and time the at developed were measures protective nent Perma 2008. in areas endangered especially three in ure 2 Financing requirement: 50,000–75,000 € annually € 50,000–75,000 requirement: Financing - - - - 3 2 1

southeast (2010) southeast from view chapel, reliquary the in measures consolidation A, Basilica aisle (2008) aisle south the in apsis the securing for construction temporary A, Basilica Basilica A, view from northwest (2006) (2006) northwest from view A, Basilica 3 53 54 Saudi Arabia local specialists are being trained with the aim to enable enable to aim the with trained being are specialists local of programme, the restoration the implementation During workmanship. of methods cialised of sand, lime screened hydrate and plant fibres as addition well as spe the through obtained were results best The rainfall. heavy and erosion from them protect to drainage system a with provided and secured are copings wall and stone Loose materials. available locally of exclusively made is which mortar loam modified and specially manufactured a with filled are joints the of parts missing The ruins. the of preservation long-term the to contribute also now will stock building historical the in parts missing to ditions acute danger of collapsing. in The repair of wall joints and are ad which of sections walls, This the of stability symptoms. the affects damage different showing of types sandstone various from mainly derive stones The mortar. loam in bedded stone dry irregular of made are walls The remains. architectural the on strain extreme an put perature and ashumidity well as sunlight and wind erosion tem of Fluctuations oasis. the in remains building tensive ex the of restoration and conservation the to challenges special present conditions environmental arid local The peninsula. Arabian the of network Arabian oasis of the northwest Tayma, a centre in the trade from the early 2 early the from dating buildings, residential and public has excavating team been project Saudi and German joint a 2004, Since Tayma in Buildings of Conservation The nd millennium BC to the Islamic period, in period, Islamic the to BC millennium - - - - site. excavation the on conditions the for equipped specially has been which crane far, gantry a to employ is it intended so lacking is technology hoisting necessary the As jects. ob stone heavy of re-setting and recovery,transportation of the excavations consists in the skilled part An important authority. own site bytheir the of development touristic the and management site sustainable a conduct to them 2 1

Filling the joints with modified mortar modified with joints the Filling sandstone of made wall mortar stone dry a with Temple 1 - Financing Requirement: 200,000 € 200,000 Requirement: Financing 2 55 Imprint

Italy: pp. 6–7: DAI Rome in cooperation with Studio Hinz und Franz, Munich. pp. 10–11 all figs.: D. Mertens. pp. 12–13 fig. 1: D. Mertens, fig. 2: F. Beuthan, fig. 3: S. Fleig after K. Mathieu. All other figs.: DAI. Tunisia: pp. 14–15 all figs.: DAI. Greece: pp. 16–23 all figs.: DAI. Egypt: pp. 24–31 all figs.: DAI. Turkey: pp. 32–33 figs. 1, 2: Schmidt, fig. 3: graphic G. Knoll. Yemen: pp. 40–41 figs. 1, 4: J. Kramer, fig. 3: N. Röring. pp. 42–43 figs. 1–3: DAI Sanaa. pp. 44–45 fig. 1: J. Kramer, figs. 2, 3: I. Wagner. pp. 46–47 figs. 1–4: I. Wagner. Ethiopia: pp. 48–49 all figs.: DAI. Lebanon: pp. 50–51 all figs.: I. Wagner. Syria: pp. 52–53 all figs.: M. Gussone. Saudi Arabia: p. 54–55 all figs.: A. Hausleiter.

Map in the book jacket: world map after R. Stöckli, E. Vermote, N. Saleous, R. Simmon and D. Herring (2005). The Blue Marble Next Generation – A true color earth dataset including seasonal dynamics from MODIS. Published by the NASA Earth Observatory. Corresponding author: [email protected]. nasa.gov. – Rivers after Global Runoff Data Centre (2007): GIS Layers of Major River Basins of the World. 1st edition. GRDC in the Bundesanstalt für Ge- wässerkunde, 56068 Koblenz, Germany, http://grdc.bafg.de. – National borders after Environmental Systems Research, Inc. (ESRI), 20050811, Countries: ESRI Data & Maps 2005, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), Redlands, California, USA

Layout, design and typesetting: Division of Building Archaeology at the Head Office Translation: Jennifer Wilde

www.dainst.org Bewahrung archäologischen Kulturguts Restaurierungs- und Rekonstruktionsprojekte des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (DAI) für die Nachwelt