Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42671-8 — Meteoroids Edited by Galina O

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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42671-8 — Meteoroids Edited by Galina O. Ryabova, David J. Asher, Margaret D. Campbell-Brown Index More Information

Index

1I/‘Oumuamua, 244, 248 2002 EX12, 194 3-body problem, 189 2002 KF4, 173 2002 UO3, 173 ablation, 9, 10, 22, 24, 30, 120, 124–126, 136, 143, 187, 201, 278, 289, 2002 XM35, 178 292, 293, 295 2003 QC10, 178 coefficient, 13, 22–24, 30, 52, 102 2003 UL3, 178 differential, 12, 68, 69, 103 2003 WY25, 196, 199 equations, 12, 13 2003 YS1, 173 mass loss, 12, 14, 15 2004 BZ74, 173 model, 102 2004 TG10, 178 model mass determination, 68 2005 UD, see (155140) non-thermal, 14 2005 UR, 102 spraying, 12 2006 KT67, 195 sputtering, 14, 15, 70, 103, 200 2007 MK6, 195, 197, 198, 202 abundance, 39–41, 45, 46, 53–55, 103–104, 200 2008 TC3, 41, 106 elemental, 188, 200 2014 AA, 106 solar, 188, 191, 200 2015 TX24, 102 achondrite, see meteorite 2017 MB1, 194, 202 Advanced Meteor Orbit Radar, 74–77, 218, 236, 241–243, 247 2018 LA, 106 afterglow, 54 rubble-pile, 198 airburst, 28, 31, 128, 276, 280, 281, 286, 287, 291–294 types (see also taxonomy), 37 ALTAIR, see ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar atmosphere AMOR, see Advanced Meteor Orbit Radar air density, 81 AMOS Video Meteor Network, 92, 218 ambipolar diffusion, 73, 80, 82 apex of Earth, 173, 177 gravity wave momentum flux, 80 Arecibo radar, 69–71, 241, 243 gravity waves, 77, 78, 80, 83 ARPA Long-Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar, 69, 82 ionosphere, 124, 126–128 asteroid, 46, 55 Jupiter, 128, 129 density, 37 Mars, 119, 120, 123, 127 individual metal layers, 120, 124–126, 128 (1) Ceres, 37, 51 temperature, 77, 80, 83 (2) Pallas, 178, 191 Venus, 119–121 (4) Vesta, 37, 39 wind field, 77–79, 82, 83 (21) Lutetia, 37 atmospheric dynamics in the meteor zone (253) Mathilde, 37 ionospheric perturbations, 294, 295 (433) Eros, 37 atmospheric entry, 275–279, 281, 286–290, 292–294 (1566) Icarus, 195, 197, 198, 202 (3200) Phaethon, 55, 121, 163, 169, 178, 191–193, 198, 202 β Pictoris, 242 (5496) 1973 NA, 177 blackbody, 151 (25143) Itokawa, 37, 46 bolide, 10, 12, 23, 24, 26, 30, 31, 55 (101955) Bennu, 46 classification, 23, 52, 55 (155140) 2005 UD, 178, 191, 192, 197, 202 AL parameter, 52 (162173) Ryugu, 46 PE parameter, 51 (196256) 2003 EH1, 51, 168, 172–176, 193, 197, 202 European Network, 24 1983 TB, see (3200) Phaethon individual 1994 JX, 173 Almahata Sitta, 28 1999 LT1, 173 Antarctic 2005, 28 1999 YC, 178, 191, 192, 197, 202 Benešov, 26, 27, 29, 53–55, 104, 106 2000 PG3, 173 Bunburra Rockhole, 106 2002 AR129, 173 Carancas, 52

299

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42671-8 — Meteoroids Edited by Galina O. Ryabova, David J. Asher, Margaret D. Campbell-Brown Index More Information

300 Index

bolide (cont.) color (asteroid, comet), 189, 191, 195, 197, 202 Cechtice,ˇ 54, 55 comet, 55 Chelyabinsk (see also Chelyabinsk), 93 crust, 51, 53 EN311015 (Taurid), 53 density, 37 Hradec Králové, 53 dormant, 55, 199, 202 Jesenice, 53 dust trail, 46, 161, 162, 169, 227 Kácov, 54, 55 dust / gas ratio, 195 Karlštejn, 53, 55 Encke-type, 188 Košice, 53, 93, 106 Halley-type, 164, 168, 188 Križevci, 53 individual Maribo, 53, 106 1P/Halley, 45, 54, 121, 165, 169 Marshall Island, 28, 29 2P/Encke, 53, 121, 123, 162, 168, 171, 178, 194, Morávka, 52 202, 235 Neuschwanstein, 106 3D/Biela, 169, 196 Príbram,ˇ 91 4P/Faye, 162 Romanian (2015 January 7), 53 5D/Brorsen, 173 Senohraby, 54, 55 17P/Holmes, 162 Stubenberg, 53 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 169 Šumava, 53–55 22P/Kopff, 162 Tagish Lake, 53 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, 53, 164, 169–171 Ždárˇ nad Sázavou, 52, 53 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 37, 45, 46, 54, 162 satellite-observed, 24, 28 81P/Wild 2, 37, 45 spectra, 53 96P/Machholz 1, 167, 168, 172, 173, 193, 197, 202 components of, 54 109P/Swift-Tuttle, 152, 169 break-up, 196 126P/IRAS, 168 rotational instability, 198 141P/Machholz 2, 173 thermal disintegration, 198 169P/NEAT, 194, 197 breccia, 41 206P/Barnard-Boattini (1892 T1), 173 226P/Pigott-LINEAR-Kowalski (1783 W1), 173 Ca, 50, 54, 55 289P/Blanpain (D/1819 W1), 196, 199 ions, 127 C/1490 Y1, 173, 176 neutral, 124, 130 C/1771 A1, 177 CAI, see calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusion C/1861 G1 (Thatcher), 169 Calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusion, 39, 44 C/1979 Y1 (Bradfield), 177 Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance, 49, 92 C/1995 O1(Hale–Bopp), 239 CAMO, see Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory C/2007 H2 (Skiff), 122, 123 CAMS, see Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring), 123, 124, 126, 127, 270 Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory, 16, 19, 47, 92, 93, D/1819 W1, see 289P/Blanpain 242, 247 P/2003 T12 (SOHO), 194 Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar, 69, 73–77, 83, 241, 243, 244 Jupiter-family, 168, 188, 192, 195, 196, 201 Canary Island Long-Baseline Observatory, 47, 218 Kuiper belt, 189 carbonaceous chondrite, see meteorite long-period, 168 charge-to-mass ratio, 237, 238, 245 Oort cloud, 72, 189, 201, 224, 226 Chelyabinsk, 25, 31, 52, 53, 105, 275–277, 281–284, 286, 287, short-period, 199 290–295 sungrazing, 171 CHON material, 43 sungrazing group chondrite see meteorite Kracht, 173 chondrule, 39, 41, 44 Kreutz, 173 CI composition, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 50, 51, 54, 56 Marsden, 167, 173, 176 CILBO, see Canary Island Long-Baseline Observatory Meyer, 173 circulation, orbital parameter, 165–167, 171, 173 Whipple model, 162 close encounter, 127, 163, 167, 168, 188, 242, 255 complex cluster analysis, 169, 214–215 Andromedids, 196 CMN, see Croatian Meteor Network asteroid-meteoroid complex, 187, 189 CMOR, see Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar Capricornids, 194 coefficient PGC, see Phaethon-Geminid Complex accommodation, 12 Phaethon-Geminid Complex, 178, 191, 197, 202 drag, 13, 22 Phoenicids, 196 erosion, 30 Quadrantids, 168, 172, 193 heat transfer, 12, 13, 22–24 Sekanina’s (1973) Taurid-Perseids, 195, 197 ionisation, see ionisation, coefficient Taurid Complex, 164, 178, 188, 194, 202 luminous efficiency, see luminous efficiency cosmic spherules, 44 shape-density, 13, 22, 30 Croatian Meteor Network, 92, 218 cohesive strength, 198 Curiosity rover, 130

Index 301

D’Alembert rules, 165 force D-criteria, see orbital similarity Coulomb drag, 237 damage, see also spacecraft damage and anomalies, 275, 276, 280, gravitational, 162, 165, 237, 239, 248 281, 287–294 Lorentz, 238, 244–246 data catalogues magnetic field, 236, 237 IAU Meteor Data Center, 99 non-gravitational, 162, 163, 188, 226 database absorption, 162 EDMOND, see European viDeo MeteOr Network Database scattering of light, 162 European viDeo MeteOr Network Database, 92, 97, 101, 179, out-gassing, 167 218–219, 222, 242 Poynting–Robertson drag, 45, 130, 162, 163, 168, 172, 177, 178, IAU Meteor Data Center, 165, 168, 179, 187, 210, 215, 217, 219, 201, 217, 225, 226, 237 236, 240, 241, 243 radiation pressure, 45, 162, 163, 193, 198, 199, 201, 237–239, 248 meteor shower database, 219 Yarkovsky, 162–163, 179, 237 SonotaCo (Japanese video network), 92, 97, 104, 179, 218, 219, fragmentation, 9, 10, 19, 27, 52, 53, 68, 69, 71, 73, 76, 82, 102, 104, 222, 242 277, 279, 289, 290, 293, 294 Desert Fireball Network, 93, 95, 96 indirect evidence, 47 diamond, 43 lateral speed, 48 dust observation, 47 asteroidal, 46 fragmentation model, 18, 23, 27, 31 cometary, 44–46, 56 dustball, 18 composition, 45, 46, 56 gross fragmentation, 18 organic content, 45, 46 husking, 19 polarimetry, 46 hybrid, 29 detector, 136, 236, 244, 246–248, 266, 270 pancake, 28, 29, 277 flux, 245, 248 progressive, 18, 29 interplanetary (see also zodiacal cloud), 243, 244 quasi-continuous, 18, 19, 30 interstellar, see interstellar quasi-liquid, 26, 31, 295 dust trail, see comet semi-empirical, 29, 30 dynamic pressure, 52 Fresnel holography, 47 FRIPON, see Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation EDMOND, see database Network, 92, 105, 218 effect general relativistic, 163, 179 GEMS, see glass with embedded metal and sulfides Lense-Thirring, 163, 179 geocentric velocity, 248 Poynting–Robertson, 45, 162, 163, 168, 177, 178, 201, 225, glass with embedded metal and sulfides, 42, 43 237 goethite, 41 Yarkovsky, 162, 163, 179, 217, 237 YORP, 162, 163, 198 gravitational focusing, 141, 256 efficiency gravitational scattering, 248 destruction, 280 luminous, see luminous efficiency Harvard Radio Meteor Project, 74, 77, 241, 243 EISCAT, see European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association heliocentric velocity, 248 EISCAT 3D, 248 heliosphere, 236–238, 245, 248 see ejection velocity, 161, 163 HRMP, Harvard Radio Meteor Project electron density, 124, 125, 127, 128 hydrodynamic model, 10, 20, 27, 31, 277, 281, 283, 287, 293–295 elongation of the radiant from the apex, 240 hyperbolic Enceladus, 51 excess, 235, 240–242, 244 escape velocity, 142 meteoroid, 235, 236, 239–242 European Fireball Network, 55, 93, 94, 96 speed, 235, 239, 243 European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association, 47, 67–71, 244 hypervelocity impacts, 257 craters, 258 F-parameter, 48, 49 damage equations, 259, 267, 271 Fe, 50 plasma, 263 ions, 124, 126, 127 residue, 259 neutral, 120, 124 severing of thin structures, 262 fire ignition, 287, 289–291, 293 spall, 258 fireball, see bolide Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network, 92, 218 IDP, see Interplanetary Dust Particle flash-heating, 42, 43 impact flow regime, 10, 11 crater, 52, 148, 153–155, 276, 277, 280, 283, 287–290, 293 continuous, 10, 12, 24 apparent diameter, 148 free-molecular, 10–12 rim-to-rim diameter, 148 transition, 11, 20 frequency, 275 flux (see also meteoroid, flux), 241, 245, 247 melt, 51, 55

302 Index

impact (cont.) Knudsen number, 10 vaporisation, 129, 130 modified, 10 velocity, 255 Kozai mechanism, see Lidov-Kozai mechanism impact flashes cooling, 140 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, 26, 53 energy, 139 Late Heavy Bombardment, 56 figure of merit, 142 Lense-Thirring effect, 163, 179 impact angle, 139 libration, orbital parameter, 165, 166, 171, 176 Jupiter, 128, 129, 131 LIBS, see Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy kinetic energy threshold, 144 Lidov-Kozai mechanism, 167, 171, 179, 187, 188, 199, 202 lightcurve, 137 lifetime, 168 lunar, 136–140, 145, 193 collisional, 167, 198, 201, 226 peak magnitude, 140 dynamical, 199 probability parameter, 142–145, 147 LINEAR survey, 142 spectrum, 138, 141, 155 luminous efficiency, 15–17, 24, 25, 52, 137, 287–289, 294 subradiant, 139, 143 impact, 139–141, 145, 152, 155 temperature, 138, 151 integral, 25, 26 velocity, 142 lunar in-situ experiments regolith bulk density, 151 Cosmic Dust Analyzer (Cassini), 270 terminator, 137 DEBIE, 270 EURECA, EUropean REtrievable CArrier, 261 MAARSY, see Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System GIADA (Rosetta), 271 magnetic fields, 237–239 GORID, 270 magnetite rim, 43, 44 impact detectors, 270 MARS, see Meteor Automatic Radar System LDEF, 261 Mars Exploration Rovers, 120, 130 NGIMS, 126 mass determination Pioneer, 271 ablation model, 68 PVDF detectors, 270 dynamical, 68 PZT detectors, 270 scattering model, 68 Stardust, 270 mass influx, 56 Ulysses, 270 mass loss, see ablation incomplete evaporation, 27, 54, 55 measurement injuries, 291, 292 accuracy, 2, 178, 236, 240, 246, 247 InSight lander, 130 error, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242, 244 interplanetary dust cloud, see zodiacal cloud speed, 235, 244, 247 Interplanetary Dust Particle, 42–43, 47, 55 geocentric, 240, 242, 243, 248 chondritic porous, 42, 43, 47, 55 heliocentric, 235, 237, 239–242, 244 cluster, 42, 43, 55 pre-atmosphere, 240 hydrated chondritic, 42, 55 non-chondritic, 43 Mercury, 129, 163, 200, 239 sulfide, 42–46 meteor interstellar anomalous, 104 asteroid, 248 catalogues, 241 cloud, local, 236–238, 246, 248 classification, 48, 52, 55 dust, 236–238, 244–248 kB parameter, 48 flux, 238, 246, 247 kc parameter, 49 population, 235 cluster, 105 fireballs, 244 high-altitude, 69, 104 gas-to-dust mass ratio, 236 high-velocity, 242 medium, 245, 246, 248 light curve, 48, 104 meteor, 239, 241–244, 247 spectra, 27, 50, 53, 93, 94, 103, 104 meteoroid, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241–248 hot component, 27, 200 flux, 242, 246, 247 intensity ratio, 50, 188, 191, 200 origin, 235, 236, 239 main component, 27, 200 source, 235, 242 sporadic, 66, 70, 72–77, 83, 201 Io, 51 trail, 18 ionisation/ionization, 9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 27 train, 103 coefficient, 17, 18 Meteor Automatic Radar System, 243 probability, 17 meteor observations, see observations meteor shower, see also meteoroid stream, 14, 167, 169, 170, 172, Jicamarca radar, 66, 67, 70, 72, 81 174, 269

Index 303

ecliptic, 173 acapulcoite, 39 IAU definition, 210, 211 achondrite, 39 individual carbonaceous chondrite, 39, 41, 42, 53, 55 α-Cetids, 173, 176 chondrite, 39 α-Draconids, 173 classification, 38 α-Microscopiids, 177 composition, 25–27, 40 α-Piscids, 173 cosmic ray exposure age, 40, 41 β-Arietids, 173 CRE, see cosmic ray exposure age β-Taurids, 178 density, 40, 41 δ-Aquariids, 173 diogenite, 39, 55 η-Aquariids, 72, 241 enstatite chondrite, 39, 41 η-Piscids, 173 eucrite, 39 γ -Bootids, 177 fall statistics, 39, 40 κ Cygnids, 54, 98 formation, 39 λ-Taurids, 176 HED, 39 o-Orionids, 178 howardite, 39 θ-Carinids, 176 individual ζ -Perseids, 178 Almahata Sitta, 41, 55, 106 April Lyrids, 99, 149, 168, 169, 210, 217, 220, 241 Benešov, 106 Arietids, 76, 97, 173 Chelyabinsk, 28, 29, 31 Aurigids, 101 Galim, 55 Camelopardalids, 76, 103 Gao-Guenie, 55 Carinids, 173, 176 Innisfree, 24 Comae Berenicids, 102 Košice, 29, 42 Daytime Sextantids, 97 La Ciénega, 55 December α-Draconids, 176 Markovka, 55 Draconids, see October Draconids Tagish Lake, 39, 42 Eta Aquariids, 241 iron, 38, 41, 55 Geminids, 19, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 72, 75, 76, 98 lodranite, 39 July γ Draconids, 91 matrix, 39, 41 July Pegasids, 177 mesosiderite, 39 Leonids, 11, 18–22, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 66, 82, 83, 99, 105, 121, orbits, 38 122, 143, 241, 269 ordinary chondrite, 39, 41, 42, 44, 46, 53 Lyrids, see April Lyrids pallasite, 39 Northern δ-Aquariids, 173 petrologic type, 41 Northern Taurids, 178 physical properties, 40, 41 November ι-Draconids, 176 pore space, 41 October Camelopardalids, 102 porosity, 40, 41 October Draconids, 3, 48, 49, 51, 72, 76, 99–102 shock stage, 41 Orionids, 48, 49, 72, 73, 98, 99, 241 stony, 39, 55 Perseids, 48, 49, 51, 54, 69, 72, 101, 143, 241 stony-iron, 39, 55 Phoenicids, 101 strength, 27, 40, 41, 53 Puppid-Velids, 173 strewn field, 9, 13, 29, 55, 90, 290 Quadrantids, 51, 75, 76, 102, 173 structure, 39 September ǫ-Perseids, 101, 105 ureilite, 39 Southern δ-Aquariids, 49, 51, 173 meteorite fall, see bolide Southern Piscids, 178 Meteoritical Bulletin Database, 55 Southern Taurids, 102 meteoroid, 161 Taurids, 48, 49, 51, 53–55, 75 β-meteoroid, 201, 239 Ursids, 102, 176 abundances, 53–55, 103–104, 126, 188, 191, 200 Virginids, 153 bulk density, 256 list of established meteor showers, 222 composition, 9–11, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, mass distribution index, 91 102, 103 number density, 91 Fe poor, 51 outburst, 3, 77, 91, 98–104, 121, 146–148, 164, 170–172, 269 iron, 49, 50, 55 parent body, 217 Na enhanced, 51 population index, 91, 98, 141, 145 Na free, 51, 53, 55 toroidal, 171, 173, 176, 224 Na poor, 51, 55 transitory, 177 Na rich, 51 Working Group on Meteor Shower Nomenclature, 215, 219 Normal, 51 zenithal hourly rate, 91, 143, 145, 146, 191 cracks, 52, 55 meteor storm, 164–166, 179 definition, 1, 256 Leonid, 66, 83, 99, 104, 121, 152, 164, 171, 269 density, 49, 102, 210, 211 meteorite, 9, 11, 25, 29, 38, 105 flux, 71, 73, 75, 76, 83, 244, 245, 247, 256

304 Index

meteoroid (cont.) MIDAS, see Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System uncertainty, 256, 272 Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System, 66, 67, 72, 81–83 forces on, 162, 163, 238, 239 minor meteor shower, 216 heterogeneous, 55 definition, 215 interstellar, see interstellar source of, 216 mass, 68, 69, 72, 75 mission, see also spacecraft orbit, 70, 72, 74, 77, 82, 169, 236, 239 Cassini, 245, 246 origin, 235 Galileo, 246 population, 235, 243 Giotto, 45 size-density diagram, 55 Hayabusa, 37, 46 speed, 70–77, 256 Hayabusa2, 46 sporadic, 2, 50, 54, 127, 142–146, 168, 171, 202, 222–224 Helios, 246 strength, 27, 29, 51–53, 55, 102 LADEE, 136 scaling law, 28, 29 OSIRIS-REx, 46 structure, 102 Rosetta, 37, 46, 56 vapor cloud, 10, 11, 20–22, 27 Stardust, 37, 45, 245 meteoroid stream, see also meteor shower, 119, 121, 122, 130, 162, STEREO, 245 169, 171, 187, 189, 201 Ulysses, 245, 246 definition, 169 Vega 1 and 2, 45 detection methods, 169 WIND, 245 break-point method, 170, 215 model, 276, 277, 280, 283, 286–288 clustering, 170 ablation, 12, 119, 120, 124 iterative method, 214 air-beam, 20 method of indices, 169, 214 Direct Simulation Monte Carlo, 21 single linkage, 215 dustball, 48, 104 wavelet transform method, 170, 214 engineering, 255, 268 IAU definition, 210, 211 fragmentation, see fragmentation model identification methods, see detection methods numerical simulation, 293 individual spectra, 10, 20, 26 δ-Aquariids, 167, 173 Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System, 138 η-Aquariids, 169 MORP, see Meteorite Orbit and Recovery Project, 93 Andromedids, 169, 196, 202 April Lyrids, 140, 168, 169 Na, 49–51, 54, 55, 188, 191, 200 Arietids, 167, 168, 173 ions, 126, 127 Capricornids, 194, 202 neutral, 124, 130 Carinids, 173 NASA All-Sky Fireball Network, 92 Daytime Capricornids-Sagittariids, 194 NASA Cosmic Dust Program, 42 Geminids, 136, 140, 152, 168, 169, 171, 178, 188, 191, 192, NASA Lunar Impact Monitoring System, 138 202, 256 NEA, near-Earth asteroid, see near-Earth object July γ -Pegasids, 177 Near-Earth object, 188, 198, 201, 213, 217, 223 Leonids, 140, 152, 153, 164–166, 169–171, 188, 256, 267 near-Earth object (NEO), 275, 290, 294 October Draconids, 169 near-Sun object, 191, 197–199, 202 Orionids, 165, 166, 169 NELIOTA (NEO Lunar Impacts and Optical TrAnsients), 138 Perseids, 152, 165, 166, 168, 169, 188, 256, 270 NEO, see near-Earth object Phoenicids, 171, 188, 196, 202 nodal point, 167, 171 Quadrantids, 51, 164, 167, 168, 172, 173, 176, 188, 193, 202 numerical simulation, see model Sekanina’s (1973) Taurid-Perseids, 195, 197, 202 September ǫ-Perseids, 154 observations, 239, 248 Southern α-Pegasids, 177 data analysis, 96, 97 Taurids, 140, 178, 194 history, 65, 66, 74, 90, 235 Ursids, 173 in situ, 162, 236, 244, 247, 248 mass index, 75, 141, 144 infrared, 225 modelling, 161, 210, 215, 217 meteor camera networks, 92, 94, 95, 218 orphan, 164, 167 optical, 14, 47, 90, 97, 137, 225, 239 parent body, 167, 172, 174, 176 photographic, 48, 91, 217, 218, 235, 240 toroidal, 171 radar, 47, 218, 235, 241–244, 248 meteoroid swarm, 102, 142, 162, 196 radio occultation, 124–127 Mg, 50, 51, 54, 55 scattered light, 225 ions, 124, 126, 127 spectroscopy, 26, 50, 93, 94, 104, 188, 191, 202 neutral, 120, 124, 126 thermal infrared, 225 micrometeorite, 43–45, 47, 55 ultraviolet, 225 porosity, 44 video, 48, 49, 91, 128, 129, 218, 236, 242 scoriaceous, 44 video observation networks, 218 ultracarbonaceous, 44, 47 visual, 90, 235

Index 305

orbit Saturnian, 165, 166 heliocentric, 242 three-body, 166, 179 elements, 235, 240, 241, 243 Uranian, 164, 165 hyperbolic, 235–237, 239–243, 247, 248 risk factor, 276, 280, 281, 291–294 parabolic, 239–242 rotational period, 197 retrograde, 239, 242, 246 rubble pile, 37, 53, 55 orbit-to-orbit distance, 121, 123 orbital debris, 137, 259 SAAMER, see Southern Argentina Agile Meteor Radar orbital similarity, orbital difference Saha function, 27, 200 D-distance functions, D-criteria, 74, 169, 187, 202, 211, 217 salt, 51 similarity threshold, 214, 215 seismic magnitude, 283, 286, 287, 294 similarity threshold determination, 215 seismic wave, 136, 276, 283, 286, 294 break-point method, 170, 215 selenographic coordinates, 137 statistical approach, 215, 216 shock wave, 10, 11, 13, 16, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31, 54, 275–277, ordinary chondrite, see meteorite 279–281, 283, 286, 287, 289–291, 293, 294 overpressure, 276, 279–282, 291–294 slingshot effect, 239 sodium, see Na packing effect, 201 solar gravity, 238 PANSY radar, 67 solar wind, 130, 162, 200, 201, 217, 226, 238, 266 PFN, see Polish Fireball Network SOMN, see Southern Ontario Meteor Network photoionization, 198 Southern Argentina Agile Meteor Radar, 74, 75, 77, 80, 83 planetary perturbations, 130, 170, 193, 195, 235, 236, 239 Southern Ontario Meteor Network, 92, 218 planetary shielding, 256 space debris, see orbital debris Polish Fireball Network, 94, 101 space weathering, 46 porosity, 37 spacecraft, see also mission, 245–248 potentially hazardous meteoroid stream, 195 Akatsuki, 131 Prairie Network, 93 Cassini, 125, 239, 244 precession Deep Impact, 193 general relativistic, 163 DESTINY+, 193 secular, 167 Galileo, 125, 236, 243, 244, 247 presolar grains, 41, 44 Hayabusa, 107 Helios, 244 radar LADEE, 130 collecting area, 73, 75–77, 83 Mars Express, 125, 127, 128 critical frequency, 67 Mars Global Surveyor, 125 finite velocity effect, 76 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, 127, 128, 270 head echo, 18, 47, 65, 70, 83 MAVEN, 124, 126–128, 130, 131, 270 head echo aspect sensitivity, 71 MESSENGER, 131 high-power large-aperture, 18, 65, 66 Midcourse Space eXperiment, 120 HPLA, see high-power large-aperture Pioneer 10, 125 initial radius effect, 72, 76 Pioneer 11, 125 limiting mass, 70, 72, 75–77 Pioneer Venus Orbiter, 120, 124, 125 Middle and Upper atmosphere radar, 67, 72, 73 Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, 192, 246 MU, see Middle and Upper atmosphere radar Stardust, 106 non-specular trail echo, 65, 81, 82 STEREO, see Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory overdense scattering, 66, 68, 69, 73 Ulysses, 236, 238, 239, 243–248 PRF, see pulse repetition frequency effect Venus Express, 124, 125 pulse repetition frequency effect, 76 Voyager, 125, 128 radar cross section, 68–73 WIND, 246 RCS, see radar cross section spacecraft damage and anomalies, see also damage specular meteor radar (SMR), 65, 73, 77 Chandra, 267 specular trail echo, 65, 73 Gaia, 260 trail, 47 Hipparcos, 260 underdense scattering, 66, 73 HST, 261 radiant, 72–75, 142, 211, 222, 240–242 ISEE-3, 266 radiation efficiency ISS, 261 impact, 140, 155 LISA Pathfinder, 260 radio waves, 136 Mariner IV, 266 regolith, 46 Olympus 1, 266 resonance Swift, 260 exterior, 164, 165 XMM-Newton, 259 interior, 164, 165 Spanish Meteor Network, 92, 95 Jovian, 164, 165, 172 spin-barrier, 197 mean motion, 163–166, 172 SPMN, see Spanish Meteor Network

306 Index

sporadic background, 168–171, 174 Trojan sporadic meteoroids, 267, 269 Jovian, 191, 197 cometary-asteroidal classification, 222, 223 Tunguska, 31, 275, 276, 283–289, 291–294 one and two parameter C-A classification, 222, 223 ureilite, see meteorite superbolide, see bolide surface boundary exosphere, 119, 123, 129–131 wake, 19–21, 25, 27, 31, 48, 54 Weibull theory, 52 Tajikistan Fireball Network, 94, 95 Whipple shield, 259, 269 taxonomy B-type, 191, 197 YORP effect, 162, 163, 198 Bus, 197 C-type, 197 zodiacal cloud, 43, 45, 56, 201, 224 Q-type, 197 cometary dust trail, 227 T-type, 197 dust band, 225, 227 Tholen, 197 asteroid cluster, 227 V-type, 197 F-corona, 225 X-type, 197 Gegenschein, 225 thermal desorption, 51 model, 225–227 thermal process, 199 observation, 225, 226 thermal radiation, 276, 277, 286–289, 291, 293, 294 source, 226 Tisserand parameter, 188, 189, 223 spatial distribution, 225, 226 trans-Neptunian planet, 179 zodiacal light, 45, 169, 224