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Feasibility Study of a Multi-Purpose Aircraft Concept with a Leading-Edge Cross-Flow Fan

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Feasibility Study of a Multi-Purpose Aircraft Concept with a Leading-Edge Cross-Flow Fan Dissertations and Theses 5-2018 Feasibility Study of a Multi-Purpose Aircraft Concept with a Leading-Edge Cross-Flow Fan Stanislav Karpuk Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/edt Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Karpuk, Stanislav, "Feasibility Study of a Multi-Purpose Aircraft Concept with a Leading-Edge Cross-Flow Fan" (2018). Dissertations and Theses. 399. https://commons.erau.edu/edt/399 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A MULTI-PURPOSE AIRCRAFT CONCEPT WITH A LEADING-EDGE CROSS-FLOW FAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University by Stanislav Karpuk In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering May 2018 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr Gudmundsson and Dr Golubev for their knowledge, guidance and advising they provided during these two years of the program. I also would like to thank my committee member Dr Engblom for his advice and recommendations. I also want to thank Petr and Marina Kazarin for their support, help and the opportunity to enjoy the Russian community for those two years. This project would not be possible without strong computational power available in ERAU, so I would like to thank all staff and faculty who contributed to development and support of the VEGA cluster. Finally, I would like to thank my infinite support and motivation – my mother and father. I would never achieve anything without you. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vi SYMBOLS .......................................................................................................................... x ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 10.1. Review of the Cross-Flow Fan technology ......................................................................... 1 10.2. Objective ................................................................................................................................ 4 Mission Definition and a baseline aircraft design........................................................... 5 2.1. Mission Description and Aircraft Comparison ..................................................................... 5 2.2. Mission Definition and Performance Requirements ............................................................. 5 2.3. Baseline Aircraft Configuration ............................................................................................. 7 Cross-Flow Fan Sizing and Aerodynamic Simulation.................................................. 24 Airplane Modifications and performance comparison ................................................. 34 CFF aircraft scaling analysis ......................................................................................... 41 Performance of the CFF airfoil with the opened bottom gap ....................................... 47 Fan failure cases aerodynamic sensitivity studies ........................................................ 52 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 55 9. Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 57 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 58 iii A. The CFF airfoil velocity contours at cruise ......................................................... 60 B. The CFF airfoil velocity contours at cruise ......................................................... 62 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Regional transport aircraft data [IHS] ............................................................... 6 Table 2.2. STOL aircraft mission requirements ................................................................. 7 Table 2.3. Airfoil competition analysis ............................................................................ 11 Table 2.4. Maximum lift comparison between theoretical estimations and panel methods. ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Table 2.5. Flow transition locations on the wing and the empennage ............................. 15 Table 2.6. Parasitic drag break-down ............................................................................... 16 Table 2.7. Propeller Mach numbers at different altitudes ................................................ 18 Table 2.8. Neutral point estimation comparison between theoretical estimations and panel methods (the distance is calculated from the nose) ................................................. 19 Table 2.9. Static stability coefficients of the baseline aircraft ......................................... 19 Table 2.10. Dynamic stability characteristics of the baseline aircraft ............................. 19 Table 2.11. Take-off and landing performance ................................................................ 20 Table 2.12. Baseline aircraft weights ............................................................................... 22 Table 2.13. Baseline aircraft geometric summary............................................................ 23 Table 3.1. Time step sensitivity study .............................................................................. 26 Table 4.1. EMRAX engines specifications ...................................................................... 35 Table 4.2. Geometric configuration changes for the CFF aircraft ................................... 37 v Table 4.3. Weights comparison ........................................................................................ 38 Table 4.4. Take-off performance comparison .................................................................. 39 Table 6.1. Mesh sensitivity analysis................................................................................. 51 Table 7.1. Aerodynamic comparison of the failed airfoil case to the baseline ................ 54 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Cross-Flow Fan diagram .................................................................................. 1 Figure 1.2. CFF applications as a propulsion system ........................................................ 2 Figure 1.3. A Goldschmied airfoil with an embedded CFF ............................................... 2 Figure 1.4. Regional STOL jet concept ............................................................................. 3 Figure 1.5. A Leading edge embedded CFF concept ......................................................... 3 Figure 1.6. Feasibility analysis work plan ......................................................................... 4 Figure 2.1. Mission profile for a STOL-CFF aircraft concept ........................................... 7 Figure 2.2. Baseline aircraft concept ................................................................................. 7 Figure 2.3. NACA 65(4)221 airfoil ................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.4. Airfoil competition drag polars ....................................................................... 9 Figure 2.5. Baseline aircraft VSP model.......................................................................... 10 0 Figure 2.6. NACA 654-221with a Fowler flap (δf =25 ) .................................................. 10 Figure 2.7. Fowler flap trade study .................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.8. Airfoil characteristics with deflected flaps .................................................... 12 Figure 2.9. Baseline Aircraft lift curve ............................................................................ 13 Figure 2.10. Airfoil CFD mesh ........................................................................................ 14 Figure 2.11. Baseline airplane drag polars ....................................................................... 16 Figure 2.12. PT6A-135 engine ......................................................................................... 17 vii Figure 2.13. Baseline aircraft thrust and efficiency curves .............................................. 17 Figure 2.14. The SURFACES VLM model ..................................................................... 18 Figure 2.15. Climb performance ...................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.16. Payload-Range Diagram .............................................................................. 21 Figure 2.17. Flight envelope ............................................................................................ 21 Figure 2.18. CG envelope. CG-locations are with respect to the
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