Microbial Sulfate Reduction in the Tissue of the Cold-Water Sponge
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Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data. -
Bioactive Compounds from the Marine Sponge Geodia Barretti
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 32 Bioactive Compounds from the Marine Sponge Geodia barretti Characterization, Antifouling Activity and Molecular Targets MARTIN SJÖGREN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6192 UPPSALA ISBN 91-554-6534-X 2006 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva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eodia barretti , s y m ' i " Balanus improvius a ' 56C! ! %& ' ! ' ( )*+' ' ,-*)./0 ' # E ./0' #$ 4..5 $6$%# 4.5 %676$768 -
A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. -
Functional Equivalence and Evolutionary Convergence In
Functional equivalence and evolutionary convergence PNAS PLUS in complex communities of microbial sponge symbionts Lu Fana,b, David Reynoldsa,b, Michael Liua,b, Manuel Starkc,d, Staffan Kjelleberga,b,e, Nicole S. Websterf, and Torsten Thomasa,b,1 aSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and bCentre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; cInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences and dSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; eSingapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore; and fAustralian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia Edited by W. Ford Doolittle, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, and approved May 21, 2012 (received for review February 24, 2012) Microorganisms often form symbiotic relationships with eukar- ties (11, 12). Symbionts also can be transmitted vertically through yotes, and the complexity of these relationships can range from reproductive cells and larvae, as has been demonstrated in those with one single dominant symbiont to associations with sponges (13, 14), insects (15), ascidians (16), bivalves (17), and hundreds of symbiont species. Microbial symbionts occupying various other animals (18). Vertical transmission generally leads equivalent niches in different eukaryotic hosts may share func- to microbial communities with limited variation in taxonomy and tional aspects, and convergent genome evolution has been function among host individuals. reported for simple symbiont systems in insects. However, for Niches with similar selections may exist in phylogenetically complex symbiont communities, it is largely unknown how prev- divergent hosts that lead comparable lifestyles or have similar alent functional equivalence is and whether equivalent functions physiological properties. -
Diversity and Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria In
Diversity and Activity of Sulfate- reducing bacteria in Sulfidogenic Wastewater Treatment Reactors If we knew what we are doing, it would not be called research would it? Albert Einstien ii Diversity and Activity of Sulfate- reducing bacteria in Sulfidogenic Wastewater Treatment Reactors Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. ir. J. T. Fokkema, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 19 oktober 2007 om 10.00 uur door Shabir Ahmad DAR Master in Science of Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand geboren te Srinagar, J&K, India iii Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: Prof. dr. J. G. Kuenen Toegevoegd promotor Dr. G. Muyzer Samenstelling promotie commissie: Rector Magnificus Voorzitter Prof. dr. J.G. Kuenen Delft University of Technology, Promotor Dr. G. Muyzer Delft University of Technology, Toegevoegd promotor Prof. dr. F. Widdel Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany Prof. dr. ir. M.C.M. van Loosdrecht Delft University of Technology Prof. dr. H.J. Laanbroek Utrecht University Prof. dr. ir.A.J.M. Stams Wageningen University Prof. dr. ir. P.N.L. Lens Wageningen University This study was carried out in the Environmental Biotechnology group of the Department of Biotechnology at Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands. This research was financially supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research – (NWO Earth -
Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella Labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida) Mario Schubert 1, Björn Binnewerg 1, Alona Voronkina 2 , Lyubov Muzychka 3, Marcin Wysokowski 4,5 , Iaroslav Petrenko 5, Valentine Kovalchuk 6, Mikhail Tsurkan 7 , Rajko Martinovic 8 , Nicole Bechmann 9 , Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 10 , Andriy Fursov 5, Oleg B. Smolii 3, Jane Fromont 11 , Yvonne Joseph 5 , Stefan R. Bornstein 12,13, Marco Giovine 14, Dirk Erpenbeck 15 , Kaomei Guan 1,* and Hermann Ehrlich 5,* 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine; [email protected] 3 V.P Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (O.B.S.) 4 Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] 5 Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (Y.J.) 6 Department of Microbiology, -
Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida). -
Comparing Deep-Sea Sponges of the Species Geodia Barretti from Different Locations in the North Atlantic
Comparing deep-sea sponges of the species Geodia barretti from different locations in the North Atlantic Isabel Ordaz Németh The study of genetic and geographic structures of populations for poorly studied species is not exactly straightforward. It is difficult to accurately compare populations of a species from which no genetic data is available. So, is there a way of comparing populations of such as species? There is one possibility, which is by using genetic markers called “Exon-Primed Intron- Crossing” (EPIC) markers. These markers, which are first designed for well-studied species, find a specific piece of DNA that all individuals of a species have. So, by using the markers we can, for example, take the same DNA fragment from several individuals that come from different locations. Then we translate the DNA fragments of these individuals and look at how different they are. This can give us a lot of information about the relationships within and between the populations of a species, as well as its history. Since a lot of genetic information is conserved across different species, we can test these markers on a species that we barely know, and the probability of finding a corresponding DNA fragment can still be quite high. EPIC markers could be very useful for different studies but they haven’t been extensively used since they are relatively new. In this project, the markers were tested on samples of the deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti. The sponges that were used came from different locations; from the Mediterranean Sea, to the coast of Norway, and all the way to the other side of the Atlantic, by the Eastern coast of Canada. -
2020 Annual Report
EMBRC: 2020 annual report Marine biodiversity is becoming an increasing concern with climate change and marine pollution, and, as a result, is of high relevance in the forthcoming UN Decade of the Ocean and Europe’s Green Deal. One of EMBRC’s principal activities is the provision of access to marine biodiversity, in all its forms. EMBRC Operators include some of the oldest marine institutes in the world and operate long-term observations, host biodiversity monitoring activities, and conduct research. In order to provide holistic information on biodiversity composition at these sites, EMBRC will establish EMO BON, a coordinated European Marine Omics Biodiversity Observation Network across its partners. This will constitute a new approach for EMBRC, and a step in a new direction, toward data generation and long-term observation. EMO BON presents an important need for the EMBRC user community and the opportunity to start filling the void in biological observation that we currently face in regard to physical and chemical observation. This is also an exciting opportunity to generate data for the marine microbiome studies currently in progress, and support Atlantic strategies, such as the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance (AORA). Knowledge-based management of our blue planet is only possible by unified global monitoring using comparable data, which, in the case of biodiversity, cannot currently be assessed by remote sensing. In this context, EMBRC wishes to contribute to the global coordination of marine biodiversity by –omics approaches, integrating forthcoming technologies as appropriate. We aim to reach and interact with other relevant initiatives, offering the advantages of a sustainable RI that can support active research and underpin the development and optimisation of new methods. -
Background Document for Deep-Sea Sponge Aggregations 2010
Background Document for Deep-sea sponge aggregations Biodiversity Series 2010 OSPAR Convention Convention OSPAR The Convention for the Protection of the La Convention pour la protection du milieu Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est, dite (the “OSPAR Convention”) was opened for Convention OSPAR, a été ouverte à la signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the signature à la réunion ministérielle des former Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris anciennes Commissions d'Oslo et de Paris, on 22 September 1992. The Convention à Paris le 22 septembre 1992. La Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. It has est entrée en vigueur le 25 mars 1998. been ratified by Belgium, Denmark, Finland, La Convention a été ratifiée par l'Allemagne, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, la Belgique, le Danemark, la Finlande, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, la France, l’Irlande, l’Islande, le Luxembourg, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, and approved by the European Community le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne and Spain. et d’Irlande du Nord, la Suède et la Suisse et approuvée par la Communauté européenne et l’Espagne. Acknowledgement This document has been prepared by Dr Sabine Christiansen for WWF as lead party. Rob van Soest provided contact with the surprisingly large sponge specialist group, of which Joana Xavier (Univ. Amsterdam) has engaged most in commenting on the draft text and providing literature. Rob van Soest, Ole Tendal, Marc Lavaleye, Dörte Janussen, Konstantin Tabachnik, Julian Gutt contributed with comments and updates of their research. -
Exploring the Microbiome of the Mediterranean Sponge Aplysina Aerophoba by Single-Cell and Metagenomics
Exploring the microbiome of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba by single-cell and metagenomics Untersuchungen am Mikrobiom des Mittelmeerschwamms Aplysina aerophoba mittels Einzelzell- und Metagenomik Doctoral thesis for a doctoral degree at the Graduate School of Life Sciences Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Section: Integrative Biology Submitted by Beate Magdalena Slaby from München Würzburg, March 2017 Submitted on: ……………………………………………………… Members of the Promotionskomitee Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Thomas Müller Primary Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ute Hentschel Humeida Supervisor (Second): Prof. Dr. Thomas Dandekar Supervisor (Third): Prof. Dr. Frédéric Partensky Date of public defense: ……………………………………………………… Date of receipt of certificates: ……………………………………………………… ii Affidavit I hereby confirm that my thesis entitled ‘Exploring the microbiome of the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba by single-cell and metagenomics’ is the result of my own work. I did not receive any help or support from commercial consultants. All sources and / or materials applied are listed and specified in the thesis. Furthermore, I confirm that this thesis has not yet been submitted as part of another examination process neither in identical nor in similar form. Place, Date Signature iii Acknowledgements I received financial support for this thesis project by a grant of the German Excellence Initiative to the Graduate School of Life Sciences of the University of Würzburg through a PhD fellowship, and from the SponGES project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. I would like to thank: Dr. Ute Hentschel Humeida for her support and encouragement, and for providing so many extraordinary opportunities. Dr. Thomas Dandekar and Dr. Frédéric Partensky for the supervision and a number of very helpful discussions. -
Revision of Rhabdastrella Distincta (Thiele, 1900)
Revision of Rhabdastrella distincta (Thiele, 1900) A re-description of the holotype and description of two recently re-collected specimens Anne Twaalfhoven (10149996) Biology BSc Thesis, July 2016 University of Amsterdam: dr. P. (Peter) Roessingh, [email protected] Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden: dr. N.J. (Nicole) de Voogd, [email protected] Abstract Sponge taxonomy is largely founded upon outdated descriptions originating from pre-modern times. Luckily, the material that these descriptions are based upon is often still available in Natural History Collections. In this article two sponge samples collected in 2009 from Ternate, Indonesia are compared to the type material of Rhabdastrella distincta. The holotype was described in 1896 by Thiele (1900). This article reviews the material for the first time ever since. The two recently collected samples are the first records of the species since its description. Descriptions of all three samples are based upon external morphology, skeletal structure, spicule measurements and spicule analysis by electron microscopy. It is revealed that, contrary to previous descriptions, the spherasters of R. distincta are stubbed with spines. Consequently, it is argued that the relation of R. distincta to its fellow species should be reconsidered. Euasters of R. distincta POR 5341 Twaalfhoven, July 2016, UvA Introduction When researching environmental change and biodiversity, Natural History Collections (NHC’s) can be of high value. Former taxonomists collected and described large collections of specimens that now serve as the foundation of our current knowledge on marine biodiversity (Jackson, 2001; Hooper & van Soest, 2002; Hoeksema et al, 2011). For reef systems, systematic ecological observations and methodological sampling started no earlier than the 1930’s (Jackson, 2001), and most recent surveys only encompass relatively short timespans (Jackson, 2001; van der Meij et al., 2010; Lister, 2011; Hoeksema et al., 2011).