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Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project HAYWOOD RANKIN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: July 24, 1998 Copyright 2 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Washington DC" raised in North Carolina University of North Carolina Clerk to Chief Justice of North Carolina Supreme Court Entered Foreign Service - 197, Tangier -orocco - .ice Consul 197,-1975 State Department - Foreign Service 0nstitute 1FS02 1975-1973 Arabic 5anguage Training Cairo Egypt - American University in Cairo 1973-1977 Cairo Egypt - Staff Aide to Ambassador 1977-1980 Concurrent duty as vice consul at Port Said Ambassador Hermann Eilts An8ar Sadat Political climate Ambassador Roy Atherton Egyptian military Sadat:s Jerusalem trip Egypt:s hopes Congressional visits Embassy evenhandedness Oxford University - 15eave Without Pay2 1980-1982 State Department - 0NR - North Africa 1982-1984 Damascus Syria - Political Officer 1984-1983 TWA hijacking Hafez al-Assad U.S.-Syrian relations 1 Ala8ites 0smaili Syrian public Travel Environment 0ranians 5ebanon civil 8ar 5ebanon influence 0sraeli intentions Assad:s health Baghdad 0raq - Chief Political Officer 1983-1988 0ran-0raq War 0raqi government spending Saddam Hussein Aurdish rebellion Closed society Reign of terror Public acceptance of Hussein Saddam as absolute dictator FSNs Operating Diplomatic corps Foreign press Travel restrictions Ambassador David Ne8ton Environment Barzani Aurds Talabani Aurds Jim Hoagland and Aurds U.S.-0raq relations Ahomeini 10ran2 Russian aid U.S. aid 0ran-Contra Bas attack on Halabcha Contacts 8ith Aurds Persona non grata Ambassador April Blaspie Saadun Hammadi:s U.S. visit State Department - Near East Bureau - Oman Affairs 1988-1989 -uscat Oman - Deputy Chief of -ission and ChargC d:Affaires 1989-1992 Embassy chancery building Oman-U.S. military treaty negotiations 2 Sultan Daboos Relations 8ith neighbors Buraimi Arab Baghdad summit 0raq:s Au8ait invasion Sch8arzkopf Seeb airport Omani reaction to Au8ait invasion Evacuations issue Ambassador Boehm Algiers Algeria - Deputy Chief of -ission 1992-1994 Ambassador -ary Ann Casey Algiers airport bombing Elections canceled Army takeover Terrorist attacks Evacuation issue NEA alienation U.S.-Algeria relations 0slamists 1fundamentalist2 issue -ilitary Contacts State Department - 0NR - Director Near East 1994-1993 Abidjan 0vory Coast - Counselor 1993-1998 Political situation Environment President BCdiC Opposition parties Ambassador 5annon Walker U.S. influence Elections - 2000 Alassane Ouattara INTERVIEW $: Today is the 24th of July 1998. This is an interview with Haywood Ran)in. This is being done on behalf of The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. I,m Charles Stuart Kennedy. Can you tell me when and where you were born and a bit about your family- RANA0NE 0 8as born July ,1 1943 in Washington DC 8here my parents happened to be immediately after the Second World War. -y father 8as associated briefly 8ith the State 3 Department and the precursor of the United States 0nformation Service. $: ./I or the e0uivalent thereof- RANA0NE To tell you the truth 0 really donFt kno8. 0 8as a bit young at the time. 0 kno8 that 8e 8ent a year to -exico but 8hen 0 8as nearly eight years old 8e moved to my fatherFs home place area in North Carolina 8est of Charlotte. 0 spent the rest of my childhood and my adolescence there on our farm and forest. Then 0 8ent to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on a -orehead Scholarship both as an undergraduate and in la8 school. D. A Morehead Scholarship is what- RANA0NE 0tFs a very good scholarship that is offered by the University of North Carolina. One of its graduates in the 1920s 8as John -otley -orehead 8ho founded Union Carbide and made rather a lot of money and had fond memories of his university. This is its best scholarship. 0 8ent on to la8 school at Chapel Hill also on a -orehead scholarship but decided that 0 did not 8ant to practice la8. 0 had a year as a clerk to the Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court William Hay8ood Bobbit. 0 took the Foreign Service exam in 1971 and to my surprise passed the exam. As 0 recall 0 didnFt even ans8er half of the questions. 0t 8as one of those exams 1Perhaps it still is that 8ay.2 that if you guess 8rong it is counted as much against you as if you get a correct ans8er. 0 decided to be very conservative and it 8orked. 0 then 8ent on to succeed in the oral exam 8hich 8as really an oral intervie8 again some8hat to my surprise. $: Do you recall anything about the oral interview2 any of the 0uestions- RANA0NE Ges. 0 donFt think the oral session 8as as stressful as 0 believe it later became. There 8as no role playing. 0t 8as an intervie8 format in 1971 but there 8ere some tough questions. Beorge -oose 18ho 8as later assistant secretary for African Affairs2 asked me ho8 0 8ould respond to a congressman 8ho 8anted to abolish foreign aid. 0 responded in favor of foreign aid but 0 recall my ans8er 8as extremely 8ishy 8ashy and again 0 felt that 0 hadnFt succeeded but 0 did succeed. ThatFs my history up to entering the Foreign Service. $: This is going to be a shortened interview rather than a full career one because you are going off to North Carolina. I,m not sure whether we could continue it again. Could you tell me though the dates of where you served, when to when, your various assignments. RANA0NE -y first assignment 8as as vice consul at the consulate general in Tangier -orocco. That 8as 197, to 1975. 0t 8as one of the most varied consular assignments anyone could have had even if not a great tour for a political cone officer. Of course 8e no longer have a consulate much less a consulate general in Tangier although it actually 8as the very first American diplomatic post abroad. We have a museum there no8 8here the old legation used to be. Tangier remains very special to me 8ith its incredibly beautiful setting on the Strait and its 8onderful mix of Berbers English Spaniards French artists aristocrats and drifters. 4 After Tangier 0 8ent into Arabic training at FS0 HForeign Service 0nstituteI 8hich then 8as in Rosslyn. 0 8as meant to have gone to 5ebanon but the 5ebanon civil 8ar 8as just taking on steam so 0 8as the first of the Arabists in the Foreign Service for ho8ever long the school had been in 5ebanon 8ho 8as not able to train in 5ebanon. 0t has al8ays been one of my regrets talking to the old Arabists 8ho had been trained in 5ebanon and had all the bonding and net8orking and also extremely fond memories of that 8onderful country. 0 came 8illy-nilly to Rosslyn for nine months. 0 did not particularly like to study Arabic at FS0. Four of us managed an interim assignment before FS0 set itself up in Tunis 1of all places2 at the American University in Cairo. 0 studied Arabic there for a year and came out 8ith a 4/4 at the end. $: That,s very respectable. 4ou were in Cairo from when to when- RANA0NE 0 8as in Cairo from 1973 until 1979. After this year from F73 to F77 at the American University in Cairo 0 got a rather peculiar posting as the staff aide to Ambassador Hermann Eilts and also as the consul in Port Said. 0t 8as a t8o-headed job and very exciting. The old consulate had been reopened but only on a trial basis. Ambassador Eilts 8ho 8as a seven-day-a-8eek 20-hour-a-day man felt he needed some assistance but he 8asnFt sure he needed a full-time aide and that is ho8 this arrangement came about. 0 spent a good 8eek per month in Port Said tending to our old office. $: I would li)e to pic) up on this and then we,ll go to Eilts because this is an important period. This is Camp David and all of that. RANA0NE Absolutely. 0t 8as SadatFs trip to Jerusalem. 0t 8as a bit pre-Camp David but thatFs right it 8as the beginning of that period. $: In Port Said what were you doing- It used to be people would sort of sit there and watch the ships go by or something, but what were you doing at that time- RANA0NE ThatFs the reason in fact that it 8as not made a full time job. The Egyptians 8anted our consulates reopened in Port Said and Alexandria after the long drought 8hen our relations 8ere ruptured after the F37 8ar. The Egyptians very strongly 8anted to see both reopened as a symbol of a ne8 relationship but by then the State Department had already begun the eternal business of reducing reducing reducing. Even then 1977 there 8ere enormous pressures to close consulates especially small consulates. There 8as beginning to be a sense in Washington that 8e no longer needed small missions all over the globe but only embassies. Our going back to Port Said 8as an experiment to see if there really 8as any business to be done there. 0 8rote reports about the local economy on the Suez Canal of course and did some consular 8ork. We had some local staff. But 0 have to tell you the post did close. One officer had preceded me 8ho actually had brought his 8ife and 8orked there full-time. He pretty 8ell had already sealed the fate of the little consulate in Port Said by complaining loudly that there 8asnFt enough to be done to justify a full-time officer. 0 felt 0 8as fully occupied as a Kone-quarter officerL 8ith a 5 superb little staff.
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