6442 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 26 Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. ing a certain act; to the Committee on Public By Mr. ·SOMERS: H. R. 6233. A bill to provide for 1the con Lands. H. R. 6703. A bill for ._the relief of Peter D. veyance to Pinellas County, State of Florida, By Mr. ANDREWS of New York: Orahovats and VeUslava Orahovats; to the of certain public lands herein described; with H. R. 6698. A blli to authorize the course of Committee on the Judiciary. · amendments (Rept. No. 2031) . Referred to instruction at the United States Naval Acad the Committee of the Whole House on the emy to be given to not exceeding four per State of the-Union. sons at a time from the Republic of the PETITIONS, ETC. Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. Philippines; to the Committee on Armed Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H. R. 6239. A bill to provide for the sus Services. · and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk pension of annual asse.ssment work on min H. R. 6699. A bill to amend the act o.f Au and referred as follows: ing claims held by location in the Territory gust 1, 1947, to clarify the position of the of Alaska; without amendm'ent (Rept. No. Department of the Air Force, and to author 2008. By Mr. CLASON: Petition of Amherst 2032). Referred to the Committee of the ize the Secretary of Defense to establish six Grange, No. 16, of Amherst, Mass., urging our Whole House on the State of the Union, additional positions in the professional and National Government to adopt a long-term Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. scientific service, and for other purposes; to agricultural policy which will provide for H. R. 6335. A bill providing for the suspen the Committee on Post Office and Civll conservation of soil, water, forests, and wild sion of annual assessment work on mining Service. life; for proper land use; for maintenance of claims herd by location in the United States; By Mr. HEFFERNAN: soil fertility; and for production of an ade wit hout amendment (Rept. No. 2033). Re H. R. 6700. A bill to authorize the erection quate nutritious diet for its citizens; to the fer.red to the Committee of the Whole House of a United States naval hospital at the naval Committee on Agriculture. on the State of the Union. shipyard at Brooklyn, N. Y.; to the Commit 2009. 'Also, petition of residents of western Mr. LbVE': Committee on Post Office and tee on Armed Services. Massachusetts, urging the enactment of the By Mr. TEAGUE: Taft-Ellender-Wagner housing bill; to the Civil Service. H. R. 6454. A bill to ·amend Committee on Banking and Currency. the Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, H. R. 6701. A bill to provide for the rec~ll 1930, as amended, to provide annuities for of officers to active duty for purposes of re 2010. By Mr. ELSTON: Petition of George. certain Federal employees who han rendered hospitalization and evaluation; to the Com Meixner and 61 other residents of Cincinnati, at least 20 years' service in the investigation mittee on Armed Services. Ohi<;>, and vicinity, urging passage of House and apprehension of persons suspected or By Mr. BAKEWELL (by request): bill 6397, to amend the Railroad Retirement conviqted of offenses against the United H. J. Res. 410. Joint resolution authorizing Act; to the Committee on Interstate and States; with amendments (Rept. No. 2034). and requesting the President to proclaim an Foreign Commerce. Referred to the Committee of the Whole annual national wear-a-flower week; to the 2011. Also, petition of Jacob Scholl and House on the State of the Union. · Committee on the Judiciary. 113 other residents of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. REES: vicinity, in support of House bill 5993, to H. R. 6502. A bill to amend the Organic Act H. J. Res. 411. Joint Iasolution to authorize amend the Railroad Retirement Act; to the of Puerto-Rico; without amendment (Rept. the issuance of a stamp commemorative of Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com No. 2035). Referre'd to the Committee of the William Allen White, whose literary genius merce. Whole House on the State of the Union. made such a great contribution in the field 2012. By Mr. LYNCH: Petition of the gen~ of American literature; to the Committee on eral convention of the Episcopal Church, Mr. WELCH: Committee on Public Lands. urging the admission of 400,000 displaced S. 1925. An act to convey certain land to the Post Office ·and Civil Service. city of Pierre, S. Dak.; without amendment By Mr. WEICHEL: persons; to the Committee on the Judiciary. (Rept. No. 2036). Referred to the Committee H. J : Res. 412. Joint resolution to amend 2013. Also, petition of the general con of the Whole House on the State of the Union.· the Merchant.Marine Act, 1936, as amended, vention of the Episcopal Church, urging the to strengthen the American merchant ma formation of a true federal union, either by rine, to encourage investment in the Ameri amendment of the United Nations or through PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS can merchant marine to build more ships, the formation of a regional defense pact and to remove inequities; to the Committee under the provisions of chapter 8, paragraph Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. 52, of the present Charter; to ·the Committee bills and resolutions were introduced and . H. J. Res. 413. ·Joint resolution to amend on Foreign Affairs. severally referred as follows: the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended, 20U. By-Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Resolu By Mr. GOFF: to further promote the development .and tion of the Woman's Society of Christian H. R. 6692. A bill to advance knowledge on maintenance of the American merchant ma Service of Yorkville Methodist Church, York the history and culture of the American rine, and for other purposes; to the Com ville, Wis., protesting against peacetime mUi tary conscription; to the Committee on Indian through ~he acquisition and preserva mittee on Merchant Marine and Fls.heries. tion of irreplaceable artifacts and relics; to By Mr. BUCHANAN: . . Armed Services. the Committee on Public Lands. H. J. Res. 414. Joint resolution designating 2015. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Morris March 30 of each year as Shut-In's Day; to Hankin. anq oth~rs, ~rging consideration of By Jl.\r· HAGEN: the Committee on the Judiciary. ·H. R. 6693. A bill -to authorize an appro their resolution with reference to defeat of priatton fOJ; the reconstruction and repair of By Mr. SANBORN: legislation titled '"The Subversive Activities roads and other public facilities in the States H. Con. Res. 205. Concurrent resolution Control Act," to the Committee on Un of Minnesota and North Dakota which were providing for the printing of 25,000 copies American Activities. , .destroyed or. damaged by recent floods; to of document entitled "Money Makes the - . ~016. Also, petition of Mrs. A. C. Rhudy, Mare Go," jacket No. 94829; to the committee Sr., Tampa;, Fla., and others, urging consider-, the Committee on Public Works. on House Admin1stration. ' By Mr. BROOKS: ation of their Iesolution with reference to By Mr. CORBETT: Emdorsernent _of · the Townsend plan (fi: R. H. R. 6694. A bill to provide for equaliZa ) H. Con. Res. 2Q6. COlfCUrrent resolUtion···au tion of flight pay for Navy and Marine Corps 1<6); to the Committ~e on Ways and Means. thorizing the printii;~-g of ~emo~ial · Master officers and former officers who did not re pieces as a House UocUQlent fl,nd authori~lng ceive flight pay equal to that paid to Army the printing of 2,190 aNew Hampshire IMr. ToBEY] to be Mr. WHERRY. I announce that the absent from the Senate until Monday, Sena'tQr from :South Dakota [Mr. BusH BYRD], the Senator from New Jersey rep resenting the Committee on Foreign Re June 7, . on strictly unofficial business. FIELD], the .Senator from Indiana [Mr. The Senator 'from New Hampshire is be JENNER], .the Senator froni Wisconsin · lations and the Senator from Virginia ing married this afternoon; I am sure representing the Committee on Armed IMr. McCARTHY], and the Senator from Services, both acting in .an advisory ca the Senator from New Hampshire has the Utah [Mr. WATKINS] are necessarily congratulations of all his colleagues in pacity to the subcommittee.. A staff was the Senate. absent. activated, and a program of study and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With The Senator from Washington [Mr. investigation inaugurated in relation to out objection. the order is entered, and CAm] is absent by leave· of the Senate on the problem of displaced persons. the congratulations are endorsed. official busineS.s. · A number of members of the subcom- The Senator from .WYoming [Mr. . mittee went to Europe, as did a part of COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING SENATE RoBEU'SON] is, absent on official business. SESSION . the staff. I did not accompany the sub The Senator from New Hampshire committee. However, I preceded the Mr. DG.NNELL asked anq obtained [Mr. ToBEY1 is absent by leave of the .sub(:orrunittee on my. own account. and consent that the subcommittee of the ·Senate. · responsibility. Committee on the Judiciary which is en Mr. BARKLEY. I announce that the The subcommittee returned and held gaged in hearing testimony with respect Senator from Iilinois · [Mr. LucAs], a number of hearings. It was my priv- 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6445 Hege to attend several of them. At those I know that before the immigration: sub Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will hearings I became aware of the fact that· committee have come hundreds of bills, the Senator yield? the members of the subcommi_ttee were some relating to very queljitionable char Mr. WILEY. I yield. not agreed as to what the bill to be· acters in connectio;n with immigration Mr. ELLENDER. Will the Senator tell reported from the committee should con into this country. us more about the 76,000 persons coming tain. Let me say parenthetically that The subcommittee has sweated week from Europe last year, in addition to the this is a committee bill. . I had nothing in and week out at the job of formulat 150,000?- ' to do with drafting the bill; yet through ing a g-reat policy. The only reason I· Mr. WILEY. Of course, it is necessary some fortuitous circumstance my name mention the criticism is that the other to understand the nonquota provisions. became attached to it, and I became the , day in the city of Washington I happened The nonquota provisions apply to rela very pleasant target of all America. to be among a group of businessmen, tives, such as a husband, a wife, or a Pamphlets were published by the hun I bring this point into the open because child under 21 years of age. As I have dreds of thousands criticizing me and it is so important for all America to said, 76,000 persons in that group en criticizing the bill. I have no apology to understand it. At various sessions of the tered the United States last year. A make for the bill, because I am speaking Chamber of Commerce of the United large number of them were the wives in favor of it today. It is the result of States talks were made by Senators and of American soldiers. the work of three members of the sub by businessmen. Following one of these Mr. ELLENDER. Under the nonquota committee, namely, the Senator from • sessions there was a luncheon around a system, would there be any way by which West Virginia [Mr. REVERCOMB], the Sen small table. The subject under discus the displaced persons could be taken ator from Missouri [Mr. DONNELL] , and sion was not idle gossip. The question care of to some extent? the Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCAR- . was, "What can I do when I go back Mr. WILEY. As a matter of fact, un-· RAN]. As I understand, the other two home." One of the answers was, "I will der the Presidential order of December members of the subcommittee have in- not· indulge in curbstone advice or snap 22, 1945-and in referring to the non troduced a substitute bill. · judgment. I will get all the facts, and quota. group, I am not referring to dis As I stated at the beginning, pursuant I will not condemn or criticise on the placed persons-90 percent of the visas to the resolution of this body the sub basis of superficial knowledge." I wish issued in Germany and Austria were al committee was constituted with two great to God that that attitude could be located to displaced persons. functions. We cannot devote all our at- · adopted throughout America, and that Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, does tention to one and disregard the . other. groups which have selfish interests could the S3nator have any figures to indicate Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, will the follow the _Biblical injunction, "Judge the number of displaced persons who Senator yield? not, that ye -be not judged." I am. not have entered the United States since the Mr. WILEY. I yield. speaking about myself. I am speaking end of the war? Mr. COOPER. I should like to make a about the subcommittee, which has la Mr. WILEY .. By June 30 there will be comment on the statement made a few bored and got results. approximately 50,000, even though the · moments ago by my good friend the dis Mr. President, I have said that we can displaced-persons law is not yet on the tinguished senior Senator from Wiscon not discuss one phase of the immigration statute books. sin. He stated that when the bill came problem-and, after all, the. question of Mr. President, I· have stated. these from the committee it was a committee displaced persons · is an immigration figures for the .reason that there is a bill, and that as chairman of the Com problem-without understanding the general misunderstanding about this mittee on the Judiciary his name was general over-all problem. The United matter. It is believed that we are being attached to the bill. He stated that the States for many years has had an immi asked to pass a general' immigration law bill ·has been the subject of criticism. gration policy which has been established and that we are trying to restrict the He knows that I have not agreed with by the legislative branch of the Govern entrance of people into the United all the provisions of the· bill. But, as ment. It has been a wise policy. I am States. However, that is not true. This one member of the subcommittee, I not critici-zing those who say that under committee is not ready to report, and should like to say that those who criticize this bill 200,000 persons, instead of 100,- wilJ not be ready to report until next· the bill ignore entirely the fact that it is 000, should be admitted. If they have year, on any of the plans in relation to the first bill in the· mterest of displaced arrived at that honest conclusion, that a revision of the general immigration persons which has actually reached the is their right. But, Mr. President, under laws or in relation to the quotas. stage of debate and decision . . the quota allotted to Europe, 150,000 per All this bill does, as has been stated Second, it announces the policy that sons are allowed to enter the United dynamically by my dear friend, the Sen this country will-treat the problem as a States each year. I am not now talking ator from Kentucky, is for the first time problem entirely separate from immigra about displaced persons; I am talking in history, by the action of the Govern tion policy and that we will resettle a about the immigration quota, and I say ment of the United States-, to .lead the· certain number of displaced persons. that under the quota 150,000 persons way, by legislative means, in beginning A third great principle which it enun- from Europe are allowed to enter the to handle the problem presented by dis . ciates is that we do not accept dis United States each year. In addition to placed persons-in this case, 1,300,000 placed persons solely upon the -ground those who are admitted under the quota, of them. When the war was over, there of the self-interest of this country. It there is the group of persons wlio are were approximately 8,000,000 displaced does not propose that displaced persons admitted on a nonquota basis. Last year, persons, .and now that number has been be selected solely upon the basis of the 76,000 more persons entered the United reduced to 1,300,000. So the job which tasks which they might perform in this States on a nonquota basis. So, instead has been done in that respect is not at country. It accepts family groups and of having a total of 150,000 persons ad all a bad one. When we hear state if this bill is passed I believe that we will mitted to the United States from Europe ments about the terrible conditions of be the first nation to seleqt displaced per during one year under the quota, a-s the displaced persons today, such state sons in family groups. many as 300,000 persons in addition could ments are .not at all correct. The people Although as one member of the sub be admitted on a nonquota basis. in the displaced-persons camps are be committee I have not agreed with all the Now we are asked to pass a bill relating ing fed better than are the Germans provisions of the bill, and have joined to displaced persons which would permit, who are outside the camps. The record in amendments which I think improve · in addition to the present quota and non shows that those who are in the camps it. I must emphasize that it enunciates quota number, the entry of 50,000 dis are receiving approximately 250 to 500 great princples. I do not believe that placed persons each year for 2 years, or a more calories ~ day than are the people · the critics and the newspapers have total of 100,000. Let me make that clear: who live outside the camps in those sensed and taken into account this We have a quota for Europe of 150,000 countries. Obviously, Mr. President, a fundamental fact. persons a year. Last year we had, in great deal that is said _about this entire Mr. WILEY. I thank my good friend addition to that, an actual immigration situation is not correct. from Kentucky. I appreciate his words. into the United States on a nonquota ba But we are facing this problem: Under So far as I am personally concerned, the sis of 76,000 persons. Now it is desired the United Nations, as will be remem criticisms have rolled off me like water to add, ori top of that, another 100,000, bered, an attempt was made to create off a duck's back. But, Mr. President, or 50,000 displaced persons for each of an International Refugee Organization. I know what the subcommittee has done. the 2 years 1949 and 1950. In view of the fact that it has not come 6446 CONGRESSIO:.NA.L RECORD-SENATE MAY 26 iJilto being, bec.ause the requisite num- terests, to say nothing of what 'are our this world crisis, to an influx of immi . ber of nations have not consented to it, needs in this country, and wher~ those grants; if there is any question about there has been set up a PCIRO, or Pre persons are to be placed. I have had their character and their ability to be paratory Commission of ·the Interna group after group come to my office and absorbed into our way of life. tional Refugee Organization. That is suggest the rules which should apply, but Yes, Mr. · President, there has been · the group which is undertaking to feed when I asked them, ''How many will you widespread criticism of some of the pro and look after the displaced persons. take?" not one of them said, "I will take visions of the bill. Some have felt that So, Mr. President, we are faced with the one." When I asked, "How many will the number of displaced persons to be necessity ·of determining how many dis you ·guarantee?" not one of them said, allowed into our country is too small. placed per_sons shall be admitted into the "I will take them, or give a guaranty," -Others have protested against the pref United States, ~n addition. to the other Mr. President, some fine work has been erence provision for agricultural workers persons who are being admitted, as I done by resettlement commissions in or from DP's from· the Baltic lands and have stated. We must decide how many various States. The · other day I tele from Poland east of the Curzon line. we can handle in this country during graphed to the Wisconsin Committee on Others have protested against the provi the next year.. · Resettlement of Displaced Persons, sions which prevent displacement of our I wish to state generally that, as sug- which had been set up by Governm: own American people from jobs and gested by the Senator from Kentucky Rennebohm, regarding facilities that housing and any elaborate assurance in when he spoke a few moments ago, this might .be available in my own State for • advance that such will not occur. is an experiment; it is a new step: We DP's. I have rece1ved the following tele- Let me say here, that displaced persons are dealing with the displaced-person gram in response: · are being looked after, ·and we are paying problem at a time when we kriow that MADISON, WIS., May 25, 1948. . the major portion of .the bill. But they all over the world Communists wish to . Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, are being looked after in Europe. If enter the United States; we are dealing Senate Chamber, Washington, ·n. C.: there are jobs for them here, and if, after with it when this afternoon the Judiciary Based on survey conducted by governor's a trial period, we can put 50,000 of them committee, Wisconsin will have no difficulty Commit~ee will consider again, in execu through the screening process b~tween 1n finding suitable employment and housing ·now and next. January, and can get our tive session, the Mundt bill. which pro for about 3,000 families or in terms of indi vides for the handling of the Commu viduals upward of 10,000. Rural Wisconsin mechanism in shape so it will operate, nist situation, so far as possible, in the offers more employment opportunities and and ·there are jobs and houses in this United States. · housing than urban areas. Survey enccUn country for a greater number, there is no I should like to refer to what the com tered no significant opposition to proposal of reason why, .at that time, we shoUld not mittee has said about the Communist resettlement of displaced persons and in con increase the allotment. But that does problem. I refer now to page 20 of the trast found sufficient individuals and groups not suit certain groups in this country. of people enthusiastically in favor of propo· Mr. President, I .call attention to those report. We considered the possibility sal so there is no question about Wisconsin's that Communists would infiltrate the ability to absorb its share and more of the who are in favor of the suggested number displaced-persons' camps and eventually admissions authorized in your Senate bill. of 50,000. I shall mention first the Sena would- gain entrance into the United Letter follows. tor from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], with States; and we discussed the matter with Prof: GEORGE W. HII.L, the chairman of the subcommittee, the some of the consular officials. The opin Chairman, Wisconsin Committee on Senator from West Virginia [Mr. REVER· ion was expressed that the situation was Resettlement of Displaced Per coMB], and then the Senator from Mis tailor-made for ,effecting illegal entry sotr-s. souri [Mr. DoNNELL]. The 50,000 provi into the United States on false docu Mr. President, I have not yet received sion was the result of much discussion, I ments, because it is difficult to verify the letter. Today I am personally very can 'understand. There are those who identifying data· or to check the proof happy that the members of that commit say it should be 100,000. of nationality. Attention was called to tee feel Wisconsin will absorb some farm Let it be demonstrated on the floor of one or two cases in which Communists ers. The bill provides that 50 percent of the Senate, Mr. President, that jobs are had presented false documents and had the quota should go to the farms, where available, and that there are those who been caught'. The testimony shows that· they are needed. The farmers all over have houses who· will take these people. 40 perc·(mt of the applications for visas America need help. But the strange Let us not indulge .in mere generalities. were forged by persons wishing to enter thing is, during all these months, no Many committees have been working on the United States. communication has been serit to me indi this question now for many months, and Mr. President, it will not be my purpose cating who will take immigrants who are some of them have been paid very good at this time to comment at great length in the displaced persons category. Many sums to head up organizations to dissem .on the proposed legislation which now is committees came· to Washington. If· I inate propaganda, as in the case of oleo pending. · Senate bill 2242 represents; as had accepted the generalities of those margarine. One committee, , organized I have stated, very long .and arduous who canie to my office, Mr. President, I for purposes of propaganda, as shown by work on the part of the Immigration Sub could have: reached the conch:.:.ion' that the record, had a pay roll of $152,000, committee of the Senate Judiciary Com this country was ready to take millions With which to endeavor to influence the mittee, under. the able chairmanship of of displaced 'persons and absorb them Senate group. our distinguished colleague, the Senator and house· them. · Each of these matters will be handled from Wes.t Virginia [Mr. REVERCOMB]. Mr. President, where are we to put the by amendments that are expected to be At the request of the full committee, I displaced persons who may come to our submitted from the Senate floor. The reported the ·bill to the Senate. It is a shores? Two million or more veterans merits ·of the amendments will be de committee bill, and there was only one bated, and I shall not at this time at coming out of college must have jobs. tempt to evaluate their merits, beyond dissenting vote in the committee at that our young folks are growing up. · A time. Although this proposed legislation what I have already said. bears niy name, as I have already stated housing problem ~xists in every commu I do, however,' want to make the point it is the committee bill. I had nothing nity in the· United States. Two mill~on that I believe the work of the Immigra to do with the drafting of the bill. How married couples in America are now tion Sucommittee should be recognized ever, I adopt it. It is a subcommittee sharing small. quarters with others. in analyzing this problem on an object bill, having been written in the first in These are facts. we must consider, over ive basis and over a long period of time stance by the subcommittee ·and then and above the 'lot of the displaced _per with testimony from the most informed adopted by the full committee. It was ~ons in EU!Ope. This is America, our sources available on ·this tremendous :reported to the floor of the Senate by the home. We want good blood to come .to problem. ·The judgment of the subcom..; ·committee. I personally voted· for the this country. But we . do not want any mittee · on any ·of these counts should bill in the full committee because I be •·r~ts''-we have enough . of them. We not lightly be rejected. While neither I lieved it to be a practical measure. · · want to be careful how we handle tP,e nor any of · my colleagues will take that Beyond the quota and nonquota en problem, because it is dynamite. Every judgment as the final word on the situa tries to which I have already referred, time we have fooled around with Joe tion, I believe that we should give it our 50,000 additional persons can be siphoned Stalin, as the .facts show, we have gen :most careful c<>nsideration. inLo the United States, if they are prop erally been taken for a ride. There is no At the same time, while bearing 1n erly screened to prot~ct our national in- need of our opening up the gat-es; in mi.nd our humanitarian obligations· .to 1948 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.;_SENATE · 6447 the stricken displaced persons,in Europe, sake of our own country, I ask that my at the same time to seek special legisla we must also remember our obligations colleagues give their very careful con· tion which would · merely permit a :flood to this dear land of ours. · I call to the sideration to this legislation and· arrive of Russian agents to enter our land. attention of my colleagues the fact that at their judgment on-the basis of the Second. ·The processing of displaced 40 percent of the applications· for visas facts and the merits of the case. persons is a tremendous and complicated to our country from DP's have been I think I have a particular reason for job. It will take a considerable number fraudulent, and that entry into our land special interest in this bill, because at of men and a considerable amount of by DP's provides a golden opportunity this time plans are under way for the time. If we set the figure in this bill for agents of Soviet Russia to enter embarking of 4 ships in what is-known too high, then we will have set an unat America. · as the Wisconsin Centennial Friendship tainable and unreachable goal which These facts should not be forgotten. Fleet. The first of these will leave for simply cannot be fulfilled within a period We should not, in our zeal to fulfill our Norway tomorrow. These ships will of 12 months or 24 months. Why fool humanitarian-responsibilities, forget our carry with them the gifts and good O.isplaced persons abroad into believing responsibilities to our own ·land and to wishes of Americans of Wisconsin to the that we can process a tremendous num our own .people. lands of their forefathers-the Scan ber of them within a short period of We are paying most of the bill over dinavian and the Low Countries. On the time? Why break th~ir hearts and break there. A problem is involved which return trip, these friendship fleet boats our promises by setting-up unattainable needs care and attention. It must not · are expected to bring back immjgrants goals? be solved through an emotional ap who might not"otherwise have· been· able Third. The Judiciary Committee adopt proach. When I say that, I am not con to-come to our shores because ef the ter ed certain preference provisions for agri demning those who want their relatives, rific lack of passenger ship facilities . cultural indivi'duals, of whom we have a persons of their own kin and blood, to Later on this summer, it is possible that terrific need in our land, and for other come to this country. I know the ties a friendship fleet boat may go to western folks who would not displace Americans which exist. I am a son of immigrants. Germany, from ·which come so many of from jobs or ·housing. Would it ·not be My mother came to this country at the our finest Wisconsin people. cruel to bring displaced persons into our age of 3 years, before the Civil War. But, The whole State of Wisconsin is par land into already overfilled occupations Mr. President, I am first, last, and always ticularly a vast combination of foreign and overfilled areas? Is it not wiser to an American. I know that in these cultures and peoples blended into a new make advance preparations for them troublous times we should not let our race of men-the American race. and to make sure that they will be ade emotions divert us from the real job in Yes, no one can ~ay that we of Wis quately taken care of rather than sim which we are engaged, .Which is protect consin lack sympathy with the problems ply allow them to pour into our land and ing the people of America. of the displaced persons. then suffer the consequences of lack of Let me repeat, Mr. President, the preparations'? facts which I have stated should not be AMERICA'S CHRISTIAN OBLIGATIONS We recognize, too, that not only must Mr. President, s·ome fine work has been forgotten. We should not, in our zeal to done by resettlement commissions in fulfill our humanitarian responsibilities, we, as Americans, extend the hand of friendship to these displaced persons, but various States. I have already placed in forget out responsibilities to. our own the RECORD the telegram which I re land and to our own people. we who profess to be Christians, and who profess to follow the creed of the Master ceived from Prof. George W. Hill, chair I am hoping that some DP legislation man of the Wisconsin Committee on Re will pass, but it is obvious that if we here of Galilee, must·; in the great American tradition, extend our hand and our haven settlement of Displaced Persons. Wis attempt to write an impractical and vi consin, a State of 3,300,000 people, is sionary formula for such legislation, it to the footsore, the weary, the perse cuted, the downtrodden. We recognize confronted with the question of whether definitely will not succeed, and we will it can absorb 3,900 heads of . families. place an impossible task. upon. who_ev~r our humanitarian obligations. We recognize, too, that Amefica has been We neeq. somethmg more definite than is charged with administering ·the DP the information we have received. I program. : . . propelled to. leadership among the na shall telegraph Professor Hill again and The question, therefore, is .how to rec tions of earth and t~at all the. ·other ask hiin for the names and addresses .of oncile our action with our obligations· to countries are watching America and the persons who will, if this bill shall become our own people and our obligations to the way in which we proceed with this dis:. law, actually take in DP's. displaced persons. I do not believe these placed-persons problem. As Americans, therefore-and I speak I am satisfied that there are certain obligations are inconsistent or contra industries which can use additional help. dictory. I know tbat we will be adequate of Christians in terms of the spirit of no bility, of generosity, of charity, of help, I know that American tailors could use to the purpose of working out an equi- foreign tailors. There should be no prob - table formula. rather than in terms of any one particu lar faith-we must approach this bill lem in that regarq. If the people in · I thinl_{ this bill provides for that. It New York and elsewhere want tailors, is an experiment, Mr. President. We with the most sympathetic. understand and the foreign tailors pass the test and speak of adding to the existing quota and ing. SAFEGUARDS AGAINST RECKLESSNESS jobs can be provided which will not dis nonquota list 50,000 more displaced per place Americans, they should be taken sons who have to· be screened. We are At the same time, Mr. President, we care of. · putting that additional work on the Im~ must all be aware of the real practicali Mr. President, there is another pro migration Bureau, or whatever depart ties in this situation. Let me emphasize vision of the bill which should bear real ment of the Government is to handle the a few: scrutiny from the standpoint of merit. question. We do not want it done in any Flrst. As reported in the committee re lax way, and I hope .that none of us here 'The record discloses that there are be port on displaced persons, more than tween 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 noncitizens will be carried away by emotion, by false 40 percent of the' applications for visas to charges or prejudice, or any similar our country have been found to be in this country. When they came here phony claim. fraudulent. The reason for this is that in the past they had a tendency to settle We all know that we are all descend obviously the displaced persons group in the large cities. There they form a ants of immigrants who came to the new provides a wonderful opportunity for whirlpool of foreign isms and create ·. world and found in it a paradise of op Soviet agents and saboteur,s to infiltrate many of our problems. We donot want portunity. I know that there are other the ranks. Unless we set up careful to add to that whirlpool. There are potential immigrants now in Europe who screening machinery, we shall find that those abroad who seek homes and· havens could render wonderful account of them our ·land will have been further invaded .and jobs here, and want to work and pro selves and could make real contr-ibutions by Russian agents, who will not only seek duce and become Americans. On the to our land, but there are also in-Europe to "termite" our institutions, but who broad prairies, in the villages and cities Soviet agents and others ·of extremely will tarnish the name· of the displaced throughout the land, without going into questionable loyalty and e~tremely ques persons themselves. We in the Judiciary the large metropolitan centers, there is tionable value to our land. Committee are now - considefing the plenty of room for them. The problem For the sake of the worthy DP's whose Mundt-Nixon bill to control subversive then ar·ises whether there are houses :for . name· would· be tarnished· by the other activities. It would be .ridiculous for us them, whether tlrere are those who will group to which I have referred, for .the to report any legislation such as this and .guarantee to lock after them, or whether 644& CONGRESSIONAL RE; CORD--:SENAT~ .. MAY Z.6 we will get them over here and turn them . many, plus $800,000,000, to help rehabili By Mr. MAYBANK, :from the Committee loose, · and perhaps open up. displaced tate· those people. on Armed Services: S. 2,174. A· bill to amend further sections persons· camps on this continent. Mr. ,President, that is all · the more 10 and 12 of the Pay Readjustment Act of M-r. President, it is not as simple a reason, as we proceed. along these lines. 1942, as amended (37 U. S. C. 110 and 112), problem as some of our emotional friends to give of our s'Qstenance, . that we pro relating to allowances;· with an amendment would make it out to be. Wisconsin, of ceed with caution, to the end that the (Rept. No. 1398). course, is but one State in the Union termites may not be permitted to begin By Mr. KILGORE, from the Committee which has made surveys and studies, and their. work. And .by that term .I do not on Armed Services: I trust that those who are going to argue· mean to· infer that the displaced per 8. 2553. A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Nav_y to convey to the Mystic River for the hundred· thousand a year will sons are termites. Some might not be Bridge Authority, an instrumentality of the have gotten what I have been unable to lieve me wpen I say that in the camps· I Commonwealth of Massachusetts, an ease get up to date, namely, a summation of· visited the people were happy, they were ment for the construction and operation of the studies of the various · State groups, out from under the influence of Joe bridge approaches over and. across lands not mere generalities, but actual, con Stalin, they were producing, they were comprising a part of the United States Naval crete results, and wm place them before even building, they had shops and were Hospital, Chelsea, Mass.; without amend this body. If that is done, and it can be creating things, a::1d they were well fed. ment (Rept. No. 1399). All I urge is that we proceed-to carry for By Mr. RUSSELL, from the Committee demonstrated that we should change the on Armed Services: . figure in the bill to' lOO,OOO, and it can be ward whatever plan we develop, and let S. 2622. A ·bill to provide that personnel' proved that jobs are available, that the it be with a song in our hearts and a of the National Guard of the United States displaced -persons will not be turned loose light in our eyes, with a prayer on our and the Organized Reserve Corps shall have . on the communities, and that there are lips that we · will do the job and do it a common Federal appointment or enlist houses available, I am sure the subcom..; well, if we are going to help the displaced ment as Reserves of the Army of the United. mittee and the committee itself will be persons and not injure our own country. States, to equalize disability . benefits ap the first to say "Amen." But such plicable to such personnel, a:qd for other TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS purposes; without amendment (Rept. No._ demonstration is lacking. 1400). Mr. President, I wish to repeat, mere By unanimous consent, the following routin~ bl,lsiness was transacted: By Mr. TYDINGS, from the Committee on promises will not make houses or jobs. Armed Services: What we need are guaranties in order COMMITTEE SERVICE s. 2505. A bill to amend the act of August to insure that these immigrants will not On motion of Mr. BARKLEY, and by 1, 1947, to clarify the position rporat By Mr, AIKEN (~or himself, Mr. BALL, tended to be proposed by them, jointly Mr. BREWSTER, 'Mr. BUTLER, Mr. CAPE to ~he bill (H. R. 6419) authorizing th~ ing the· Panama Railroad Company was HART, Mr. CooPER; Mr. EASTLAND, Mr. read twice by its title and ordered to be construction, repair, and preservation of FLANDE.RS, Mr. FuLBRIGHT, Mr. GEORGE, c~rtain public works on ·rivers and har- placed on the. calendar. HOLL~ND, Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Mr. Mr. . bors. for navigation and :flood control, PROCUREMENT, ETC., OF GOVERNMENT JENNER, Mr. LANGER, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. REED, Mr.- RUSSELL, Mr. THYE, Mr. which was referred to the Committee on PROPERTY-REPOR~ OF A COMMITTEE WHERRY, and Mr. YouNG) : Public Works, and ordered to be printed. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, from the S. 2753. A bill to authorize the Federal CQl,JNTING OF ELECTORAL VOTES-- Works Administrator to provide emergency Committee on Expenditures in the Exec ARTICLE BY THOMAS L. STOKES utive Departments, I ask ·unanimous aid and coordinate the activities of Federal agencies in disaster areas, and for other pur . ~r. _ LODGE. Mr. President, the noted consent. to report an original bi:l to or poses; to the Committee on PubliC' Works. ganize and simplify the procurement, columnist and writer, Thomas L. Stokes (Mr. AIKEN, from the Committee. on Ex writing in the Boston· Traveler, and th~ utilization, and disposal of Government penditures in the. Executive Departments, re. property, and for other purposes, .and I ported an original bill (S. 2754) to reorganize other newspapers which carry his c-olumn submit a report
I find from the record that this ques penditure~ wm -remain the same. Thus if dent, withput reading the table, I ask tion was . first considered during the there is 85-percent participation, for exam unanimous consent to have printed in hearings before the Committee on For ple, the United States contribution would amount to 54 percent of the total. In any the QONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this point eign Relations of the Senate on ·Senate event our contribution would remain at the the list of the nations participating and Joint Resolution 77, a joint resolution ~73,500,000 figure. the exact amount which they have con providing for membership and partici tributed up to this time, including, of pation by the United .States in the IRO I will not burden the Senate with fur course, the United States contribution of and autl)orizihg an appropriation there ther quotations. I do wish to point out, $53,268,674, which I mentioned before. for. The Under Secretary of State, Mr. however, that the question was also tully There being no objection, the table was Acheson, stated-page 10: considered by the . other body of Con · ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as The United States has 39.89 percent of the gress and that exactly the same inter follows: · administrative budget, and of the operational pretation was placed· by it upon our Gov Austrialia ------$2, 753, 225 budget it has 45.75 percent . . That, of course, . ernment's position as by ti1e Senate. Belgium ______'.. _,______.:___ ·1,021, 369 is based on the theory that all_these people For the -ben.efit of those who -might wish will · join. If they do not,· then the per Canada ------5, 440, 717 to examine this in more detail, I would China ~ ------.:..--~------2,032,256 centage of those w.ho join would be increased, refer· them to hearings before a special Dominican Republic ______,: ____ 15, 706 · be.~ause there would be fewer people. subcommittee of the Committee on For• France ____ ; ______925,838 On pages 43 and 44 of the same hear eign Affairs of the House of Representa-. Guatemala------600 ing, Assistant Secretary Hilldring stated tives, Eightieth Congress, first session, Iceland ___ -______: ______. 8, 033 Netherlands-----~------~ ---- 377,880 as follows: on House Joint Resolution 207, page 11·; New Zealand ______._____ 688, 666 Our participation in' the · International Report No. 464 of. the Committee on For Norway------183, 910 Refugee Organization will involve a finan eign Affairs, May 26, 1947; page 3; and United Kingdom ______22, 832, 464 cial expenditure by the United . States of hearings before the subcommittee of the - . United States of America ____ .:. ___ 53, 268, 674 $73,500,000 for the first year of operations. Committee on Appropriations, House of This sum is based on a. contribution of 39.89 Representatives, Eig~tieth Congress, Total------~- , 89,549,338 percent to the administrative· budget ($~ . -- 915,000); or 45.75 percent to the operating first session, on the supplemental appro Mr. SMITH, I thank the Senator from budget ($69,110,000) and to the large-scale priation bill for 1948, page 1508. Kentucky for yielding to me. resettlement operations ($2,300,000); and the It is important to bear in mind that Does the Senator from West Virginia estimated cost of United· States representa to the extent that there is less than full wish to make any inquiry on this subject? tion in the IRO ($1.!75,000). It should be participation by all members of the noted that contributions to large:.scale re Mr. COOPER. I shall be glad to yield settlement may be on a voluntary basis; but United Nations in the International to the Senator from West Virginia for ~efugee .Organization, the percentage of we propose to contribute the same percent · that~ purpose. as for operational expenses. Since the per contribution of· every member govern Mr. REVERCOMB. I thank the Sen centages of contributions which I have men ment participating in and contributing ator. tioned are based on a full participation, the to the IRO is necessarily higher than the United States. percentage of contribution percentage allotted to such government Mr. President, as -I followed the reason would accordingly rise even -though our total in annex II of the IRO constitution. For ing of the able Senator from New Jer dollar expenditure would remain the same. instance-and I am applying . this to sey, it is that $73,500,000 was appro If there is ' 85-percent participation, the priated, that that sum should be spent, United States contribution would amount other countries-the percentage allotted in annex II to the United Kingdom is regardless of whether or not other coun to 54 percent of the total. At least 75 per tries contribute to what is known as the cent of the operational expenses must be 14.75 percent, whereas the actual per contributed by.15 countries to bring the IRO centage of their contribution at present International Refugee Organization. If into being. At that point the United States to PCIRO is 25 percent; Canada's pres the thought and reasoning of my able percent would be 61 percent. T4e estimated ent percentage is 6 percent, compared to friend from New Jersey were carried out, requirement of $73,500,000 was included in the allotted percentage of 3.50 percent. it would simply mean that, had the the Executive budget which lias been sub United States alone signed the interna mitted to the Congress by the President. Austral.ia's actual present percentage is 4, in contrast tq· the 1.76 percent men tional agreement, it. would have had to As the Senator from. New. Mexico [Mr. tioned• in annex II. · Thus, it is clear contribute 100 percent of the PCIRO ex }jATCH] pointed OUt yesterday, the re that the percentages specified in annex II pens,es·, when the constitution itself ex port of the Committee on Foreign Re referred to the share. of the provisional pressly says that 39 ·percent is the. limit budget set forth in paragraph 1 . of the to be _paid by this country for adminis lations presented- by the Senator from trative expenses, and 45 percent for Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] further rec annex, and not to any proportionate re~ ognized this principle. The ·following lationship among member governments, operational expens.es . . I mer:ely wish to appears in Report No. 51, dealing with except in· the· unlikely event that all make thl!tt point. I think we have both members_of the United Nations simul made out position clear, and I am willing the International Refugee Organization, that the RECORD stand with.respect to the on pages 2 and 3: taneously became paying members of the IRO. . viewpoints which we have expressed. · Participation in the International Refugee Mr. SMITH. i thank the Senator; and Organization would involve ·an expehditure On May 25, 1948, 14 _governments had . by the United States of $73,500,000 tor the ratified the constitution of the- IRO. I thank the Senator from Kentucky for first year of operations. This .total is based That is 14 out of the required 15. Their yielding. , on a contribution of 39 .89 percent . to the contributions to the Preparatory Com Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, at a administrative budget ($1,915,000), 45.75 per mission as of that date totaled $89,549,- later time in the course of the debate c.ent to the operating budget ($69 ~ 110,QOO), 338. Of this total, the United States upon ·this measure, ·in association with and to the large-scale resettlement opera- Government had contributed $53,268,674, other Senators; I intend. to propose an . tions ($2,390,000); and th~ estimateg cost of amendment to the bill relating to the United States representation in the Interna-. or 59 percent of the total. . That is, on tiona! Refugee Organization ($175,000) : · May 25, 1948, the most recent date 1for question of. administration,. I had not which we· :have the figures. The figures intended to make any general statement Those are the same figures which ap are up to date. As other governments upon the bill, but beca\lse of certain peared in the previously quoted state which have already ratified the constitu:. statements which have been made, and ment by Assistant Secretary Hildring. tion of IR9, such as !3elgium and Argen· because of my own interest· in this pfob . · Contributions to the. large-scale resettle tina, and governments which are ex lem, · I desire comment upon some of ment program are on a voluntary basis. The pected to ratify the constitution, such as · the facts which have prompted the for- percentages of contributions for the ad Brazil, Venezuela, Denmark, and Sweden, mulation of the bill. · ministrative . and , operating budgets are make their contributions to IRO, the per Three· years have passed since· the based on the assumption that all the mem bers of the United Nations will participate centage which the United States con-· close of the war in Europe. · Even before in the work of the International Refugee tribution will bear to the total contribu _that time we had heard a great deal prganization. Since sorp.e states are.not ex tions will drpp pr~portionately. about displaced persons. It is rather pected to join, it follows t4at the pe! centage As of May 20, 1948, the member gov surprising to note today, in tlie face of contribution of the Uniti~d . St ates will rise ernments . of IRO had contributed as the great 'intere~ t .. yvhich has ·been ex accordingly even though our total dollar ex- follows-expressed in dollars. Mr. Presi- pressed throughout· the country in the 6452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 26 solution of this problem, that we have sachusetts [Mr. LODGE], I have probably fore the advance of the armies of one of done little toward its solution. seen · this problem at closer range than our allies, Russia. I talked to many of Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, has any other Member of this body .. It those people-Latvians, Lithuanians, and will the Senator yield? was because of that experience that my Esthonians. They ·were people whose Mr. COOPER. I yield. first interest in the people was aroused. countries su:fJered two occupations. Mr. REVERCOMB. I am compelled to It was aroused long before I became ·a They were occupied by the Russian challenge in a most friendly way the Member of the Senate, and before I armies in the early days of the war. statement that this country has done thought I would ever be a Member of this Later they were occupied by the German nothing about the problem. body. armies, as they moved into Russia. Mr. COOPER. I am sure that our In March 1944 I had the experience of Those with whom I talked stated that division will always be friendly. entering Germany with the arinies of the the German occupation, bad as it was, Mr. REVERCOMB. It is estimated United States. For the first time we saw .did not compare in horror with the Rus that by July 1 of this year 50,000 dis- streaming back along the roads, at times sian occupation; thousands of these peo placed persons will have entered the almost closing the roads to the require ple ft.ed from the Russian armies as they Ullited States. I ask the Senator, What ments of military travel, great numbers moved to join the United States armies other country in the world has allowed of displaced persons. I shall never for in Germany. This group of persons con that many to enter? Not one. I can- get one of the most dramatic and moving stitutes a considerable part of the tgtal not agree with the statement of the Sen- spectacles I have ever seen, that of thou number of displaced persons. ator that we have done nothing to meet sands of men, women, and children, ill Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, wiil the problem. clad, without adequate food, and without the Senator yield? Mr. COOPER. I hope the Senator will means of transportation, trudging along Mr. COOPER. I yield. remember that I did not say that -we the roads, yet happy and joyful in their Mr. EASTLAND. During what years had done nothing toward the ·solution liberation. did such persons ft.ee from the Baltic of the problem. I said that we had done At the close of the war I was assigned countries? little toward its solution. I do not know for a time in Munich as legal adviser to Mr. COOPER. The class of persons I that 50,000 have been admitted into the the officer in the Third United States am talking about· ft.ed from Estonia, Lat United States. It is my information that Army, Maj. Philip Schaefer, who was via, Lithuania, and the eastern part of approximately 30,000 have been admit- charged with making arrangements Poland in the spring of 1945, before the ted. In proportion to our population for the repatriation of approximately Germans surrendered. and our resources, we have done less 3,000,000 displaced persons in that Mr. EASTLAND. These countries than have some other countries. . zone. In that capacity I had the oppor- have immigration quotas. Have the Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, will tunity to see and hear some of the rep displaced persons from those countries the Senator further yield, so that· there resentatives of other nations who came been coming into the United States each may be no misunderstanding? there to make arrangements for the re- year under th·e quotas of those countries? The PRESIDING OFFICER
sources I would -say that we ~n make 1ng resettled approximately 150,000, and can be protecte.d by _proper safeguards some sacrifice: : - having r.educed the total number irom as to investigation, and screening safe Mr. WILEY. I do not think .my ques 8,000,000 down to 1,300,000, it seems to guards which have been provided .in the tion was .answered. · My question was me indicates that a pretty good job has bill. Let us look to the character of the whether the Senator felt that as a con been done.- pe_ople, and consider why they are dis dition precedent to whatever number.. of ! do not wish to discount what has placed persons. Two hundred thousand persons come in, there should be definite been done, nor do I .say that is a suffi are Baits who fled before the advance employment and housing for them.· cient answer to what we should do. I of the Russian Army because they did Mr. ·. cOOPER. I . think it would. be think the challenge is present, and I not want to live under Communist dom- - best for the displaced persons them agree with the _Senator that we are at ination. selves. I agree with the proposition ad tempting to meet the challenge practi . Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will vanced by the Senator from Wisconsin. cally alone. We are not doing this in the Senator from Kentucky yield? Mr. WILEY. I should like to say to the .conjunction with other nations. What Mr. COOPER. I yield to the Senator distinguished Senator. from Kentucky ever we are doing, .we are doing it under from Mississippi. that whenever he takes the floor he our own statutory enactment. We are Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator spok~ makes .a very cogent argument. I can not proceeding under mo, we are pro of the conduct of the Russian soldiers. not disagree with much that he has said. ceeding by another individual effort of What was their conduct? I think, however, that if he will analyze our country. So let us not discount the Mr. COOPER. I do not think it is his argument he will realize that it comes great efforts of our great country too particularly relevant to this argument, pretty close to an emotional appeal. ·I much, when we are about the only peo but if the Senator asks me to state what honor him for that. I sense definitely ple in the world who are doing things. I ,was told, I shall be glad to d.:i so. that this country owes an obligation ·to Mr. COOPER. I thank the Senator for I talked to occupants of the displaced the displaced persons, and my thought is his very kind remarks. I shall always _persons camps of the Baltic nations. that if we can screen. 50,000 the first year appreciate the tremendous sacrifices be and can get the machinery put into oper ing made by our people in every field. They told the same story, a story that was .eration ·effectively to do the job in. ac I reply, first, that if my statement has presented orally and in the form of cordance. with the law, so that we shall seemed-to him to be based upon emo memorials or petitions which came to the not be holding out false promises for the tion, I am sorry, because I did not in American military authorities. That admission of a larger number, we will in tend it to be. I -will add, however. that story was that after these countries had a way gear -ourselves to the challenge the human element is implicit in the been overrun by the Russian armies in which is included in taking care of more problem. It certainly would appeal to the early days of tl:e war their leadership of them in the time ahead: the conscience _of this · country to take was exterminated; within a short· time If the Senator will yield further-- whatever steps it could reasonably take the leaders of the c,hurch, 'the political Mr. COOPER. I yield. to meet the problem. To that extent, I leaders, and the .so-called intelligentsia, . Mr. WILEY. I merely wish to bring shall not discount even the human side professors, teachers, and artists were out this one thought, because.it seemed of the problem. purged. They stated that provisional to me that tn the-opening of the Sena I stated a few minutes ago that the governments were formed, and that there tor's argument there was somewhat ..of argument had been made that we should were placed at the head of the provi .an overstatement to the effect that noth not 'take ·200,000 displaced pe_rsons be sional governments persons who were · ; -ing h_ad been done . in. relation to th1s cause we coul(f not assimilate them. I the tools of the Russian occupying -whole matter of --displaced persons. . answer that ,by saying that the bill it- . forces. · In a short time democratic gov Mr. COOPER. Before the Senator self provides that they cannot enter the ernment, as we understand it, and free makes an argument, will he permit me to United States until housing and em dom and liberty disappeared. When "correct him? . _ ployment have been furnished, and that they saw that a second occupation by . Mr. WILEY. Certainly, any figure :(ixed is merelY a ceiling. · If the Russian forces was imminent they Ml'. COOPER. If the Senator will re housing and employment can be fur fled into Germany. · · member-what I said, he will recall that I nished, ·that ceiling will be reached; if Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will · did not make the .statement that nothing they are not·. provided; ·it will ~ot pe the Senator yield? bad been done. r~-ached. · ' · · · . Mr._COOPER.. ~yield. . Mr. -WU,.EY.. Very little, the Sena- A second ·argument which has been Mr. EASTLAND. I have read in the tor ·said. , made against tl;le 'admission of these per New York. Times articles charging that Mr. COOPER . . I said very little had sons is th_at they are not the type we Russian agents were in those camps. Did .been done in comparison to that done by should permit to enter-this countrY. t I the. Senator secure any such information · other countries of .smaller population was·very much· intereSted·in hearing the when he was in Europe? and poorer resources.. I stand upon that Senator from Wisconsin say · in his Mr. COOPER. I have no information statement. speech that when he visited the dis to that effect, and I think a study of the Mr. WILEY. .I accept the amendment, placed persons camps he found -the in committee's report does not support the and I wish to. call the attention of. the mates working, clean, happy, joyful, and statement. I have referred to the Baltic Senator to the fact that he: said that at creative. I -think that if ·we read the people, that among those displaced per .. the end of the war there were· 8,000,000 record made by the 'committee we will sons are Poles who also fled before the - people included in this category, and that find that the same conclusion was advance of the Russian Army. .there are· now. virtually only . 1,300,000 reached- by the committee. · Mr. EASTLAND. I agree with the Sen , who would .be characterized as displaced The reports of the International Ref- ator . persons: . ugee Organization ' indicate · that these Mr. COOPER. There are Yugoslavs . I can his attention to page 23 of the people have been ·able to maintain their who cannot go back to Yugoslavia be record produced by the Committee on family groups, even in the camps. The cause they are not willing to live in Yugo .the Judiciary showing that up to Janu fact that they ha'Ve lleld to their family slavia under the regime of Tito. ary 1 apparently out of this number. 133,- ·groups, are· engaging 'in such · employ-. Mr: ·EASTLAND. Mr. President, wHl 000 had been resettled in countries from ment as is.available, and their ability to .Argentina .to Venezuela, and including hold morale during the years, indicate the Senator again yield? . the:United States,- and that the figure in that they have stability of character. Mr. COOPER. I yield. . , the. United States was only 29,000, where- I do not believe such stability would Mr. EASTLAND. I notice in the State as we now understand that_by July 1.we beJ harmful iL ·assimilated in our own Depaitment report on the Marshall plan . will have absorbed .50,000 !'lf these dis country. . .. the statement that there exists ·a short placed persons. Perhaps the -a,tgl,Jment whiGh stirs the age of labor in Europe, and that if the The only point I wish to make is that -greater numb.er of people· ts the state Marshall plan industries are set up ·as . I think that giving Europe $30"000,000, ment that the entrance of _these people contemplated in the plan there will be a . 000, seeing to 'it that her displaced per . w.ould_ permit the infiltration of sub shortage of qlOJ;e than 600,000 y.rorke~s . , · sons are better off, as the Senator has versive elements. I- say again that an Is there any re;:tson why displaced work . sa.id, tban the Germans and.. the people indispensable condi.tion is ~ the security ers thould not stay in Europe and become ·outside of displaced-persons camps; hav- of this countr-y must be protected. It part.of the ·life there and take their place ~456 CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-SENATE MAY ·26 in the economy which is being estab camps in Europe, but there is a grave Mr. COOPE-R. Have · we not taken lished there? shortage of labor in Europe. Figures them under our immigration quotas and Mr. COOPER. If they willingly do so furnished by the Marshall plan coun under law? there is certain_ly no reason, but if they tries show that those countries ·need Mr. EASTLAND. Some of them, yes. do not desire to do so because of the fact some of the displaced persons as workers. Mr. COOPER. Have· we taken any that they were di-awn by force into Ger As one illustration, France is importing outside. our immigration quotas? many cr ·Austria, or because of the fact a · great number of laborers from Italy Mr. EASTLAND. Thousands and that they· were residents of those coun and from other countries. The need for thousands. tries and became persecutees, then I think workers is as great as there are- refugees Mr. COOPER. Who. are they? I can understand their unwillingness to ·in the camps. lf they do not want to go Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator would remain there. to another country to work, if they do not tell the Senate, would he, that thou Mr:. EASTLAND. If there is a x:;lace for not want to .become a part of the peoples sands and thousands do not enter this them in Europe, if there is a need for of Europe, what obligation is there upon country iHegally every year? them in Europe, why should we take them us to take them into the United States? Mr. COOPER. I have no knowledge into this country? Mr. COOPER. The Senator is assum of that fact. I have heard it stated again Mr. COOPER. I think the Senator's ing that all the 1,200,000 displaced per and again. We know that quota and question expresses a very hopeful opin sons in the three countries, or the 850,000 nonquota immigrants come into this ion, because · if such opportunities are which are in the western zones, will find country. We know t)lat persons come made available there, aided and supple occupation and employment in Europe. into this country as visitors and as stu mented by the admission of some of these I cannot agree that that assumption dents. I assume there are some who en persons into other countries, we could is correct. I do not believe the Senator ter illegally. But I have no information solve the-entire displaced persons prob _ can .assume that it is true. I am simply as to the thousands that have· come in lem. saying that if we take 200,000 and lead illegally. Mr. EASTLAND. Figures of European the way it will give hope and promise Mr. EASTLAND. I can tell the Sena govermnent.s show that there is a great that perhaps the remainder of· the dis tor that students and other nonquota need for more than 600,000 workers in placed persons can be resettled in other immigrants have come into this country. Europe. Why is it that they cannot stay countries in Europe or throughout the Thousands and thousands of them have there and work and rebuild the devas world. come here. . tated cities of that continent? Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator speaks ·Mr. COOPER. Students and visitors Mr. COOPER. They can if they de of 200,0-00. Is the Senator opposed to are permitted by law, but my informa sire, but we have been pointing out all the bill? · tion to the number is probably as general along that we cannot force them to stay. Mr. COOPER. The bill proposes as I believe the Senator's information is. . Mr. EASTLAND. If they do not de 100,000. I have joined with several Mr. EASTLAND: The Senator is mis sire to stay there and work, why should other Senators, the Senator from Michi taken. I am going to . give the figures we take them into the United States? gan [Mr. FERGUsoN]. the Senator froin later in the debate which I hope will Mr. COOPER. I have tried to point New Jersey · [Mr. SMITH], the Senator convert the Senator. out to the distinguished Senator in my from Hho<;le Island [Mr. McGRATH], the Mr. COOPER. I shall be glad to hear . argument that many of these people were Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL the figures.. · uprooted from their homes and caused TONSTALL); and the Senator from Oregon Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, by force to go into Germany or Austria [Mr. MoRsEl , in offering an amendment will the Senator yield? - and others were political or religious per- · to the bill to permit the entry of 200,000 Mr. COOPER. I yield. secutees in Germany or Austria. persons. Mr. REVERCOMB. The question be Mr. EASTLAND. They do not have to ing discussed by the Senator is very Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator said, interesting. I . have certain figures go back to the countries behind. the iron "If we will lead the way." How many curtain. The countries I speak of are refugees have come into the United which might answer some of the ques under the Marshall -plan, and under the · States since 1933? tions which have been raised in this Marshall J)lan there exists a shortage of discussion. Mr. COOPER. According to the re In th.e past 7 years 1,111,244 nonimmi 600,000 wor~ers. If these people do not ports, I believe 30,000 displaced persons ·want to work, do we want them in our grants arrived in this country. During country? . have entered the United States. the same periOd 843,957 nonimmigrants Mr. COOPER; I do not think we can Mr. EASTLAND. ·Since 1933? departed from this country, leaving · a Mr. COOPER. Oh, since 1933-I do difference in the country of 267,287, who base the· proposition upon the ground not know about that·. I say 30,000 dis that they do riot want to work. I think apparently are still here, unless they . placed person have entered· the·. United have died . . Those are npnimmigrants there is a fundamental difference between States. · ' our viewpoints upon this problem. The visitors, treaty merchants, and such Senator's argument is in effect that we Mr. EASTLAND. A refugee is a dis others as m~y come. It would seem will force them to stay there even against . placed person. from those figures, by a process of sim their will. We cannot make ·of them Mr. COOPER. I do not agree with ple arithmetic, that certainly a substan freed laborers. _They came into Ger that statement. tial portion of the 267,287 are still in this many as free laborers. My position is . Mr. EASTLAND. Some . of them are country illegally. that they have valid grounds for not displaced persons. . Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I ap wishing to stay in a country which is re- · Mr. COOPER. Yes; some refugees are preciate the Senator's statement, but it sponsible for their condition. displaced persons. is a general statement. All the Senator Mr. EASTLAND. Does . the Senator Mr. EASTLAND . . Very well. Now, has said is that nonimmigrants are in mean, to stay in Germany? how many have we taken into thi.s coun this country. He has not said that they Mr. COOPER. Yes. try since 1933? are here 1llegally. Will he say so? Mr. EASTLAND. What about other Mr. COOPER. I do not know. Mr,; REVERCOMB. They are visitors, countries in Europe where a labor short Mr. EASTLAND. ·We have taken in and they have not left the country. age exists? hundreds of thousands. How can the Mr. COOPER. But will the Senator Mr. COOPER. Other countries are Senator say that we should lead the way say that they are here illegally? now taking displaced persons for work, and imply that we are not doing our part Mr. REVERCOMB. Yes. Those who notably Great Britain, Belgium, France, when we have taken into our country have come here for a limited visit, and and if we will take a fair share it is more than all the other countries com whose time has not been extended, but probable that the entire problem can be bined have admitted. who have remained beyond the time they solved. · Mr. COOPER. We can confuse this · were supposed to visit in the country, Mr. EASTLAND. We are giving to the question by general statements. The certainly are here illegally. Marshall plan countries aid and assist Senator said that since 1933 we have Mr. COOPER. . I do not agree with ance to the tune of $17,000,000,000: I taken in hundreds of thousands of ref that conclusion. I understood the Sen agree with the Senator from Kentucky ugees. · ator to say that there ·were about 267,000 that th~re are many good people in the Mr." EASTLAND. We have. nonimmigrants in the country. I ask 1948 . CONGRESSIONAL_RECORD-SENATE 6457 the Senator, how many of the 267,000 der special dispensation. They ·should The nonimmigrants represent a third are here illegally, having overstayed the be placed upon-the same basis as all oth category. _ - period of time for which they were ad ers who come in under permits. When Mr. EASTLAND. Whatever thecate mitted to this country? their time expires they should be re gory, it does not include ·those who came Mr. REVERCOMB. Certainly a very turned. Then if they can qualify under into this country illegally. substantial number of them. a displaced persons bill, let them come. . Mr. REVERCOMB. No; 'it does not. Mr. COOPER. Does the Senator I do not believe that there should be any · Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator has in know that to be true of a single one of evasion of the law, either directly or in vestigated the entire subject. What is them? · directly, at any time. · the Senator's information as to the num Mr. REVERCOMB. Certainly. It is ·Mr. REVERCOMB. The only value in ber who have illegally entered the coun fair to deduce .that many thousands of discussing these :figures is to show how try, in addition to the 268,287 of whom them are here illegally. These figures many are here, so that we can then the Senator spoke? are furnished by the Immigration Bu arrive at some conclusion as to how many Mr. REVERCOMB. I have no figures, reau itself. Furthermore, with respect .ought to be allowed to come in. and the immigration authorities cannot to the displaced persons, a proposed sub Mr. COOPER. I thin~ the discussion furnish :figures, as to the number who · stitute to be offered, providing that ap has value. have . entered illegally. They do not proximately 15,000 in that category be Mr. REVERCOMB. 'rhe able Senator know. permitted to stay in this country.,. They heard the discussion the other day, when Mr. EASTLAND. What information c~me in as nonimmigrants. Can the it was said that 3a6,000 nonimmigrants .did they give the Senator? Senator see any reason for a substitute that is, visitors-came into this cQuntry Mr. REVERCOMB. They have given of that nature unless there are some here last year. That is 60 percent more than us the information that they are ap 11legally? ever came 1n in any previous year. We proximately 150,000 cases behind in their M1'. COOPER. I do not favor the sub can use those figures ip arriving at the investigations as to whether or not cer stitute, because I believe that a displaced correct figure under this bill. tain persons are here legally. persop should come in under the provi Mr ..COOPER. I know that the Sena Mr. EASTLAND. Those represent sions of law which we establish. I do tor is the chairman of the lmmigration only the cases with respect to which they not follow the Senator's argUment, be Subcommittee of the Committee on the have received information. They are cause the 15,000 displaced persons in this Judiciary. I do not know o.f _anyone who 150,000 cases behind. country may well have entered under ltnows more about immigration law than Mr. REVERCOMB. They are investi permits. Is the Senator able to say that does the distinguished Senator from gating them to· see whether or not ·they they are here illegally? West Virginia. But I am sure he will are here illegally. We ·are advised by · Mr. REVERCOMB. Of course they en agree with me that if these people have the immigration authorities that in New tered u·nder perniits, and of course they come.into this country as nonimmigrants York City alone they are 32,000 cases are here as visitors. So long as a visitor's they came under statutes enacted by' the behind in their investigations. · permit continues, he is here· legally. But Congress. There is . nothing wrong in Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will 'I the point am getting at is this: Are the their being here legally under the st~t the Senator yield so that I may ask the 15,000 displaced persons who have come utes. The only wrong is that if they stay Senator from West Virginia a question? here as visit9rs ·to be given permanent here longer than the period for which Mr. COOPER. . I yield. residence? they were admitted ~hen they are here il- Mr. McMAHON. How many non Mr. COOPER. I do not agree that legally. · quota immigrants came in last year? they should be. . _ Mr. REVERCOMB. Certainly, there is Mr. REVERCOMB. Seventy-six thou Mr. REVERCOMB. I am very glad to no wrong in their coming here a:Q.d re sand nonquota immigrants came in. hear tlie ·senator say that, because they maining here in accordance. with a stat The Senator understands that there are ought to be kept within the displaced three categories, namely, quota immi persons category. . . ute. However, I am saying again that these :figures throw light on the_nuniber grants, nonquota immigrants, and non · Mr.-COOPER. I agree entirely. · who · are remaining here illegally. We immigrants. SeventY-six thousand non Mr. REVERCOMB. Let us go back-to must use those :figures when we arrive at quota immigrants came in last year. the original :figure. Can the able Sena Mr. McMAHON. How many dis tor escape the conclusion that if during a conclusion as to the provisions of the bill. placed persons came in? the course of the· past 7 years 1,111,244 - Mr. REVERCOMB. We do not know came in, and 843,957leftthe country, and Mr. COOPER. I do not believe that any :figures should be used except figures that. 267,287" remained, a substantial number Mr. McMAHON. I was told the other are h'ere illegally? as to those who are here illegally. Thpse day that· the displaced persons who did Mr. COOPER. I have no doubt that who are here legally ·are here because we not come i:q UJ:ider .the quota numbered included in that number are persons who permitted them to come here legally. only in the hundreds. are not here legally; but I cannot say . Mr. President, I wish to hasten along Mr. REVERCOMB. I am not advised whether the number is 100, 100,000, or and conclude my argument. as to the number. I have no bre.ak 10,000. When the Senator. makes the Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will down as between nonquota immigrants, statement that 267,287 nonimmigrants the Senator yield so that l may ask the displaced persons, and other immigrants. are in this country, we cannot draw from Senator from West Virginia a question? Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I have that statement any definite conclusion Mr. COOPER. I yield. talked too long. I hasten to conclude. that all of them or any number are here Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator from In the time in which I-have addressed illegally. West Virginia stated that 260,000 more the Senate I have tried to :point out the Mr. REVERCOMB. I do not say that .. aliens had come into this country than groups of persons who -may be classified all of them are here illegally. Some may had gone out. as displaced persons,. and some of their have died ·during the course of their visit. Mr. REVERCOMB. No. The state characteristics. In view of .the action Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will ment is that there remain in the country we already have taken· in this field, we the Senator yield to nie so that I may ask 267,287 nonimmigrants. Those are peo should take the' further action which is tne Senator from West Virginia a ques ple who do not even come under the now proposed. We became adherents to tion? quotas. We arrive at that figure by de the International Refugee Organization, Mr. COOPER: I agree absolutely with ducting from the number who have come whose sole objective was the resettlement the Senator from West Virginia that no in as nonimmigrants the number who of refugees, among whom are included person who is in this country illegally have departed. the disPlaced P.ersons·. It is my opinion ought to be permitted to remain. I think Mr. EASTLAND. The point I am that unless we act in this connection, our those in that categ.()ry should be deported. making is that those who have come adherence to that organization will be I do not believe in any evasion of law. into this country legally, as nonquota absolutely meaningless. The commjttee Secondly, I do not believe that the 15,- immigrants-- · which, under the resolution. was appoint 000 displaced persons now in this country Mr. REVERCOMB. They are nonim ed to make ..an investigation of this prob should be given permanent residence un- migrants, not nonquota immigrants. lem and to report to the Semite, has 6458 . CONGRESSIONAB· R;ECORD--S~NATE lVIAY 26 taken a position which, it seems to me, That the Senate recede from its disagree of the Senate announce their intention demands action. Despite all the criti~ ment to the amendment of the House and or desire to take up a certain matter on agree to the· same. cism which has been leveled against the CLYDE M. REED, a certain day, and when the time comes committee-it is clear that the com~ A. W. HAWKES, there are conditions which justify its mittee has laid down some fundamental HOMER E. CAP:EHART, going over for a day. There would be propositions or principles. The first is Eo C. JoHNSoN, no inconsistency, as I see it, between the that we should solve this problem by FRANCIS J. MYERS, announcement of the Senator from Kan~ resettlement. This is the first time such Managers on the Part of the Senate. sas, day before yesterday, and an agree CHAS. A. WOLVERTON, a decision has been made by any legis~ · ment that the report might go over until CARL HINSHAW, lative group in this country. LEONARD W. HALL, tomorrow. I hope the Senator will not In the second place, the committee has · CLARENCE F. LEA, object, but will let that action take place. laid down -the proposition that the fami~ VmGIL CHAPMAN, Mr. REED. Mr. President, I always lies of workers should be admitted with Managers on the Part of the House. like to accommodate my colleagues in the the workers. Other countries have taken Senate. I thought that 48 hours notice, workers, but usually have not taken their · The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there which I had given to the Senator from fumil~& · objection to the request for the present Georgia [Mr. R usSEl.L l / who was .the A great many persons have overlooked consideration of the conference report? leader of the opposition to the bill gen the fundamental principles which are . Mr. WHERRY. .Mr. President, will · erally, would be satisfactory. I did not laid down in the bill prepared by the the Senator from Kansas yield, 'to permit know anything about the Senator from subcommittee under the leadership of me to suggest the absence of a quorum? Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] being ab the distinguished. Senator from West · Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I was sent. It is true that he was active in the Virginia [Mr. REVERCOMB]. , about to ·make the same request. first consideration of the bill. I have disagreed with some of the de~ Mr. REED.· I yield. " Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the tails of the bill; and I have joined with Mr. WHERRY. Then, Mr. President, Senator yield? some of my colleagues in offering cer~ I suggest the absence of a quorum. Mr. REED. I yield. tain amendments. We believe, first, that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I sug 200.000 persons should be admitted in absence of a quorum having been sug gest, in view of the fact that we are hard 2 years. gested, the Clerk will call the roll. . . pressed for time, if the distinguished In the second place, we believe pri~ Th~ Chief Clerk called the roll, and.the - Senator from Kansas will permit the .ority should not be given to a particular following Senators answered to their conference report to go over until to~ group of these. unfortunate people, but names: morrow, i am satisfied it will expedite that the total number to be admitted Aiken George Moore matters considerably. I urge him to do Baldwin Green Morse should be decided, and then apportion Ball Gurney· Murray that, in view of the statements which ment should be made as between the BarkJey Hatch Myers have been made by the minority leader~ various groups, in the proportion that Brewster Hawkes O'Conor However, the Senator from Kansas did Bricker Hayden Pepper their number bears to the total number Bridges Hickenlooper Reed serve notice to the Senate. .I am ·sure of displaced persons. Brooks Hill Revercomb it w1ll be taken in :the proper spirit when · In . the third place, we would extend Buck Hoey Robert son; Va. I say that if the Senate -is to expedite Butler Holland Russell until April 22, 1945, the time in which Byrd Ives Saltonstall the program for the remainder or' the these people can be considered as dis Capehart Johnson, Colo. Smith session it will be necessary for Senators placed persons. It was on April22, 1945, Capper Johnston, S.'c. Sparkman to be on the floor and to be ready at any Chavez Kern Stennis that the camps were closed by General Connally Kilgore Stewart time to consider important measures. Clay to further entrance by displaced Cooper Knowland Taft Mr. BARKLEY. I agree with the persons. Cordon Langer Thomas, Okla. Senator's statement. Donnell . Lodge Thomas, Utah In the fourth place, we believe that Downey McFarland Thye Mr. WHERRY. I should like to make the administrative machinery provided Dworshak McGrath Tydings an announcement with regard to the im~ by the bill is not adequate to meet the Eastland McKellar Vandenberg portance of Senators being on the floor Ecton McMahon Wherry needs and objectives of the bill, and to Ellender Magnuson White at all times, on both_sides of the aisle. carry out the full task af selection, Feazel Malone Wiley We have a program which we can com transportation, and resettlement. Ferguson Martin Williams plete without any difficulty or question I believe it is our responsibility to help Flanders 'Maybank Wilson by the 19th of June. I have been prom solve this problem. I am: happy to join Fulbright Millikin Young ised cooperation from both sides of the with those who believe that it is our re The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighty~ aisle in completing the program. I sug~ sponsibility. I hope the Congress will one Sen a tors having answered to their gest that if the distinguished Senator take action promptly, and that we will names, a quorum is present. from Kansas will accede to the request confirm our practical responsibility and Is there objection to the consideration of the minority leader, it would help the our humanitar ian and Christian tradi of the conference report? Senator from Wyoming [Mr. O'MA~ tion. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I real HONEY] wh_o is necessarily absent and · AMENDMENT OF INTERSTATE COMMERCE ize that day before yesterday the Sena~ who would like to discuss some amend~ ACT RELATING TO CERTAIN AGREE· tor from Kansas announced he would ments. MENTS BETWEEN CARRIER8-CONFER seek to take up the conference report Mr BARKLEY. Mr. President, I sug~ ENCE REPORT . today. I realize it is a privileged matter. gest that I am not making any un~ I do not see that there is any virtue in reasonable request. ·No time will be lost. Mr. REED. Mr. President, I submit a taking it up one day as against another, There is no virtue in action today as conference report on Senate bill 110, and because it is privileged and ·can be against action tomorrow. The Senator I ask unanimous consent for its imme~ brought up. Unfortunately one of the from Wyoming, who is unavoidably ·ab diate consideration. Members of the Senate who was very ac The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sent, took a prominent part in the de conference report will be read. tive in the consideration of the bill when bate and secured the adoption of what The conference report was read, as it was before the Senate and who offered he thought were important and vital follows: and secured the adoption of important amendments. amendments to it, is absent today. He Mr. REED. Mr. President, last year, The committee of conference on the dis will be here tomorrow. I hope the Sena when the bill was passed, it had been be~ agreeing votes of the two Houses on the tor from Kansas will agree not to press fore the Senate and subject to debate amendment of the House to the bill (S. 110) the conference report today, because it ior 5 daYs, when action should have been to amend the Interstate Commerce Act with wUI be just as privileged tomorrow as it respect to certain agreements between car completed in 5 hours or less. If we are riers, having met, after full and free con is today. I do not see any point in trying likely to run into a situation of that ference, have agreed to recommend and do to force its consideration today. I think kind, I should like to get the conference recommend to their respective Houses as time will be saved by letting it go over report considered and disposed of, as follows: until tomorrow. Frequently, _Members soon as possible. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-SENATE 6459 Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator will leaving the Senate whenever it suits our lowed for debate will be an hour and ·a yield, I ·do not · think there will be any convenience. There is no rule by which half to each side? sucb prolonged discussion on the con we can compel Senators to be present. Mr. WHERRY. Yes. ference report as was indulged in on the There are occasions when a Senator is Mr. RUSSELL. There have been bill itself: I do not know how long the justifiedin departing for a day. I should statements in the press and it has. been discussion will take, but I certainly not ask this concession except for the broadly hinted on the floor · that Sena should not think it would take very much fact that the Senator from Wyoming was tors from Southern States, usually re time. I see no reason why it cannot be one of the outstanding Senators who par ferred to as Southern Democrats, for disposed of tomorrow. ticipated in the debate on the bill and ulterior reasons have delayed action on Mr. HAWKES. Mr ~ President, will who secured the adoption of important matters of legislation and have slowed the Senator yield? and vital amendments. down · the work of the Senate. That Mr. REED. May we have an under Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will charge is false. The RECORD will show standing, possibly·through 'a unanimous the Senator from Kansas yield? that we have cooperated with the Re consent request, that debate be limited? Mr. REED. I yield to the Senator publican t'eadership in every possible So far as the proponents are concerned, from Nebraska. manner to expedite the business of this they can say their say in less than an ·Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, in view body. It is true we l-ive under ·a cloud • hour. If the opponents do not require of the statement made by the distin and are subjected to daily threats of all · more than 2 hours-- · guished Senator from New Jersey, who kinds of legislation which is most of Mr. BARKLEY. :personally, I do not is a member of the confer.ence com fensive to us. We are threatened with expect to occupy much time, not more mittee, that he is here to discuss ·the · legislative riders of all kinds if we at than 15 or .20 minutes. conference r.eport this afternoon, and tempt to function as Senators. Never Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. . President, will in view of the statement made by the theless, we have ·cooperated in transact the Senator yield? · minority leader, I now ask -unanimous ing the business of the Senate and of Mr. REED. I yield to the Senator consent that the hour of 2 o'clock on the country though ·we shall, of course, from Georgia. . Friday . next be set for the considera oppose all sectional legislation to the Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I have tion of the conference report, that a vote limit of our strength and .ability. no intention of speaking at any great be had at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I as length on the conference report. The that the time be equally divided between sure the distinguished Senator that any bill ·comes to us drastically changed, and the proponents and opponents, and that remarks of that kind did.not come from I desire to point out some of its dangers. the Senator from Kansas [Mr. REED] me; and I wish to say for the RECORD The bill is of great consequence to the be in charge of the division of the time that I could not ask for finer coopera people of my State, but I think that per allotted to the proponents, and· the mi tion in the legislative program than we haps 15 or 20 minutes will be all that nority leader [Mr. BARKLEY] be in charge have had from those on the other side · I shall require. · of the division of the time allotted to of the ·aisle. Mr: BARKLEY. Mr. President, will the opponents. Mr. RUSSELL. I appreciate that the Senator further yield? · ·· Mr. BARKLEY. We are talking about · statement, and I am glad to state that . Mr. REED. I yield. beginning the consideration at 2 o'clock in my opinion the Senator from Ne Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. · President, I and voting at 4 o'clock. · That is subject - braska has done a perfectly magnificent think we can dispose of the conference · to roll-calls and other things that might · job in expediting the business of the report tomorrow within a reasonable interfere. Senate. · tiine. We are all trying our best to co Mr. WHERRY. It is ·a conference re operate and to facilitate the completion port. There will be no_amendments of Mr. WHERRY; I thank the Senator. of the work Of this session of Congress fered. Mr. RUSSELL. I have read about the in order to adjourn on the 19th of June. Mr. BARKLEY. I understand that. Senate being hopelessly involved in a If we had' to recess during the Republi But why not take . up the report at 1 log jam of legislation, but though I sit can Convention and come back between o'clock? · on this side of the aisle, I wish to say the two conventions and recess again, Mr. WHERRY. The only way we can that during this session the legislative there would be nothing but politics dis propose a unanimous-consent request program has been expedited as well as cussed in the Senate during that time. is to try to start with something. I I have ever seen don.e during my service I am anxjous that we conclude our work shall be glad to suggest that the report in th~ Senate. There lias been as little and relieve the country of our presence be taken up at noon and the vote be had time wasted as I have ever seen. The · here. at 2 or 3 o'clock, if that is satisfactory. ~ program has been exceedingly well Mr. HAWKES. Mr. President, will But I think, in view of the fact that we handled. We have made fine progress the Senator yield? are asking the Senator fi'om Kansas on the floor and in the important work · :Mr. REED. I yield. [Mr. REED] to vacate an order which was of the committees. Mr.. HAWKES. Mr. President, I made, in view of the fact that the dis Mr. WHERRY. I again thank the should like to say to the Senator from tinguished Senator from New Jersey Senator. · Kansas that I am a member of the con [Mr. HAWKES] is present and cannot be Mr. RUSSELL. With that preliminary ference committee. I am present to present tomorrow, and that we are asked statement, Mr. President, I may say, that day, having canceled an engagement in to accommodate the minority leader in I think that those opposed to the confer order to be present. I have an engage his request, an hour should be fixed at ence repor.t bill ought to have a bit niore ment tomorrow which will put me in the which time the Senate can debate and than 1¥2 hours, because of the fact that same position tomorrow afternoon as vote the report up or down, at the con- the bill affects a number of States, and. that ·which the distiLguished Senator venience of the Senate. . even though the cause may be hopeless, from Wyoming occupies today. I shall Mr. BARKLEY. We can take it up due to the fact that the Senator from not object to postponement of considera- when the Senate meets on Friday, and New Jersey and the Senator from Kansas . tion of the conference report, but I agree can . vote· at 3 o'clock . seem to have the vote~. whether the Sen · with the acting majority leader, the Sen Mr. WHERRY. Mr.-President, I re ator from New Jersey is here or not, we ator from Nebraska, that the thing to do new the request that .when the Senate should like to state for the RECORD, brief is to stay on the job, so far as we can. convenes on Friday at noon-- ly, at least, our reasons for opposing the When we endeavor to adjust matters Mr. BARKLEY. I shall have to con conference report, and we will hope to after a program has been established, sult other Members with reference to it. have an opportunity to vote on it again we are likely to change the whole plan. The Senator does not need to · be im . after a Presidential veto. We shall make Mr. · BARKLEY. Mr. President, will patient about it. every effort to sustain the veto of this bill the Senator yield? Mr. WHERRY. I am never impat;ent. which we have reason to hope the Chief Mr. REED. I yield. Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator shook Executive will exercise· when it is pre Mr. BARKLEY. I realize that it is his head ·rather impatiently. · sented to him. , . impossible to have every Member pres Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. . President, do I Mr. WHERRY. I ·amend the unani ent every day. We all take liberties in · correctly understand that the time al- mous-consent request, and ask that 6460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA-TE MAY 26 - when the Senat~ convenes at noon Fri The unanimous-consent agreement, as of 60 fo_r men, in many cases, finds them day the conference report be laid down reduced to w~:it~ng, is as follows: worn and. spent after a lifetime of toil. for the immediate consideration of the Ordered, That on the calendar day of Fri It is significant, I think, that the much Senate, that a vote be had at ;3 o'clock, day, May 28, 1948, at the houl! of 12 o'cloroadcas~: the total amount expended from the trust Downey McFarland Thye fund during the preceding fiscal year for the Dworshak McGrath Tydings Music: Theme up and under. payment of benefits with respect to the wages Eastland McKellar Vandenberg Announcer: The National Broadcasting Ecton McMahon Wherry Co. presents: Know North America, a weekly · of individuals entitled to benefitS under sec Ellender Magnuson White tion 202 (a) (2). For the calendar years Feazei Malone Wiley program in which we relate the adventures 1949 and 1950, there shall be available for Ferguson Martin Williams of two travelers who continue to discover such purpose 2 ·percent of the ·estimated Flanders Maybank Wilson the many wonders of historical and present expenditures ' from the trust fund during Fulbright Millikin Young life in the U. S. A. · such years for the payment of benefits with 'The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighty respect to the wages of such individuals. The Please notic.e that it says "historical managing trustee shall make pay:o:nents from one Senators have answered to their and present ·life in the United States." the trust fund to carry. out the purposes of names. · A quorum is present. Then- - this paragraph when certified to him by the Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, not- ·. Music: Up and out plane, establish, thexx Administrator. · i _ withstanding the fact that we have had under. , "(3) The, Administrator may enter into a quorum call, I find about as few Sena.· That is· the background. agree~ents 'with any agency of the United tors present as were present before the Then___. · States, of any State, or of any political sub quorum call. However, I appreciate division of any State for the provision of the that Senators are busy in committee Voice: Let me see-Oh-This immense ex services or examinations under paragraphs - meetings. · panse of white, is it Nevada? (1) and (2), and may when necessary, with Narrator: Yes-one of the biggest States out regard to the civil service laws- or the This year the Congress voted an-ap in the Union, and it has only 110,000 in Classification Act of 1923, as axnen4ed, and propriation of $27,000,000, as I recall the habitants. without regard to section 3709 of the Re figure, to support the Voice of America. Voice: Then how can it be a State? vised Statutes, enter into contracts with I do not know how many millions we Narrator: One hundred thousand is the qualified persons for providing such services have voted in the past. It was my minimum. or examinations." - understanding that it was to be a means MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED of educating the peoples of the world as Does anyone know of any law in the BILL SIGNED to our way of life and the good things United States that requires that before a new State can be admitted into the A message from the House of Repre about our country. I hold in my hand a script of one of the broadcasts, cover Union, a minimum of 100,000 people must sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its be living within its area? reading clerks, announced that the ing the States of Nevada and Utah. I have on my desk scripts relating to Ala- Voice II: Is it possible that there is so Speaker had affixed his signature to the much snow here? This doesn't seem like the enrolled bill , G470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD__:_SENATE. · MAY 26 live under the republic to which they had bama was possibly more wantonly libeled of the Pilgrim Fathers bearing a some immigrated, but they wanted their con than was the State of Texas. The state what distinguished name. They are stitutional rights. When they were un ment concerning tpe State of Alabama, shown reading the Holy Bible. able to secure those rights and were in- the city of Birmingham·, and the capital, I should suggest that if this character . vaded by hostile armies they drew their the city of Montgomery; was a ridiculous ization be correct, we might ask the same swords and fought valiantly and bravely one. · gentlemen to rewrite our history and to until they attained their independence, Mr. CONNALLY. If the Senator will . redecorate our Capitol accordingly.· after shedding their blood and pouring introduce a resolution and have it re The leader of the Pilgrim Fathers left out their scanty treasure in a great con- ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re England because he would J:iave . been flict. - lations, I shall be very much pleased, hanged for his religious beliefs if he had What has been the history of Texas as a member of the committee, to con remained. He was ready to sacrifice life since that time? For 9 years it was an sider it. itself for the things in which he believed. independent republic. It had its am Mr. CAPEHART. ·I know the Senator He was a· refugee for some time, but fi bassadors in Washington and in foreign from Texas dislikes this sort of thing nally escaped from England in the May countries. It held its head 11tgh for 9 as much as I do. He would not, by any flower and landed on what were at that long years· and maintained its inde stretch of the imagination, willingly per time the inhospitable shores of New Eng pendence, though attacked on two oc mit anY such programs to be broadcast. land, in search of religious liberty. Those casions by Mexico and invaded by hostile Mr. CONNALLY. Let me say to the who characterize as hypocrites those armies. The Texans repelled them, Senator that when tbe question first men and women, many of whom laid driving them· back. Finally they joined arose in the Committee on Foreign Re down their lives in the first winter of the Union in 1845. lations as to the estaolishment of the their . residence in New England, are . What contribution did Texas make Voice of America, the distinguished worthy of language which I think this then to the Union? As a result of the Senator ~rom Maine [Mr. WHITE] and Chamber would not deem it best to ·en admission of the State of Texas there the senior Senator from Texas expressed tertain. followed the Mexican War, whose re very serious doubts about giving this Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will sults brought .within the domain of the tremendous power to .any bureau of the the Senator yield? Union that great territory stretching all Government. We did not anticipate Mr. CAPEHART, I yield te the Sen the way to California and up the· P_acific such vile and baseless slanders as those ator from Maryland. Coast to the place where the waters of which the Senator has revealed today. Mr. TYDINGS. · Mr. President, I do the Columbia mingle with the waters of We did fear irresponsible broadcasts by not think any Senator needs to defend the Pacific. Thus there was brought some little two-by-four employee· of his State against these ch~rges. A under the flag of the Union a vast region some depar-tment who might think he thought occurs to me which has not been dedicated to _Anglo-Saxon civilization had to write something and broadcast brought out. As I have list_ened to the and to the constitutional concept of free it· to the world. ·Our worst fears have reading of ·the so-called broadcasts. af government and democracy and the been more than realized with respect to fecting each State I could not escape the parliamentary system. this ptogram. They had better not send opinion that either some wit wanted. to · That, Mr. President, is the story of anything than to send such trash as this. have some fUn at the expense of the Texas. Why did not-the author base his They had better close up their doors and United States Government, or someone script on that, instead of digging up filth keep quiet than to plaster all ·.over the deliberately wanted to present the United and falsehood? world these slanderous, outrageous States Government to foreign countries . Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President; will stories regarding the different States of in a very bad light. What interests me the Senator yield? the Union. I do not know who the in about it is that it is not merely a "hap Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. dividual is who wrote it, but I will say penstance"; it looks like a calculated at• Mr. CAPEHART. Let me read the that he has my utter contempt, and, I tempt to portray the United States in the -Senator two or three more paragraphs. am sure, the contempt of the Senate for most degrading way that radio tech [Laughter.] writing such matter. . . nique would permit. Mr. CONNALLY. Very well. Mr. CAPEHART. I shall introduce a I shall be very much interested in · Mr: CAPEHART. The narrator says: resolution tomorrow calling for an in knowing who prepared the_script. I do Texas, individual 1n everything, was not quiry, and I hope it will be referred to not think we need to defend our States conquered by soldiers nor by priests. the Foreign Relations Committee. in the Senate, but I should be interested Man I: By whom, then? Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, Will in knowing who sat down deliberately Narrator: By 600 cows with their respective bulls. · the Sen~ tor yield·? and prepared such a script, unless he (Narrator then relates how Don Juan de Mr. CAPEHART. I yield to the Sena was a consummate joker or a person who Onate arrived in El Paso in 1598 with a large tor from Maine. did not believe in America. entourage and herd of cattle.) In less than Mr. BREWSTER. I think the Sena Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, 80 years the cows, with the help of the bulls- tor read a sentence which said that New will the Senator yield?. . England was founded in hypocrisy. _Mr. CAPEHART. I promised to yield Now, mind you, Mr. President, this Mr. CAPEHART. I did. to the Senator from Alabama. was broadcast in Spanish throughout the Mr. BREWSTER. Have any repre Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I was pres world. sentatives from . New England had an ent at a meeting of the subcommittee of In less than 80 years the cows, with the opportunity to comment on that broad help of the bulls, of course, transformed the Committee on Appropriations when Texas into the center of the cattle industry. cast? the Senator from Indiana read the Mr. CAPEHART. Yes; the senior Sen broadcast relating to the State of Aia Now, how could the State be slandered ator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTON bama. I did hot hear the contents of iii a worse way than by thpse statements, STALL]. The statement was that New the broadcast, but they have been I ask the able Senator from Texas? England was founded in hypocrisy and brought to my attention since I left the Mr. CONNALLY. I will say to the Texas in sin. . · committee and returned to the floor. I Senator that the entire script, evident Mr. BREWSTER. I should like to sup simply want to characterize that broad ly-! have not read it all-is a libel on plement what has been said by observ cast, its contents, and its· statements, as the State of Texas. I thank the Senator ing that we shall need to redecorate the base slander. The entire broadcast is for calling it to my attention. _ Capitol, because in the· rotunda there is such a tissue of falsehoods that I shall ·Mr: CAPEHART. Let me say, please, a very impressive mural showing the not dignify it by any detailed answer. I have read into-the RECORD the Voice of Founding Fathers assembled on the deck As one who has the honor in part of America broadcasts on ·three · or four of the Speedwell, which is an historic representing the people of the State of States, and each of the States has been error. They finally arrived ori the May Alabama in this. body, I do want to ex libeled. The States have been laughed flower. But they are conducting. a church press my deep resentmerlt over this at, they have been made to seem ridicu service and reading the Bible. broadcast and to express my profound lous, just as has the State of Texas. For On one side of the President's robing contempt for the author of it. example, Alabama-! do not have the . room there will be found a mural depict Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I ask broadcast here, but the State of Ala- ing the founders .of Americ~. the leader unanimous consent to have printed in 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6471 the body of the REcoRD the broadcast on Voice II: With what interest .they look at Narrator: That is it exactly, according to the State of ·Colorado, because I shall the train. historian James Truslow Adams, who says: not take the time to read it. I shall in Narrator: They are so tame that. they stop "The men on horseback would swallow the the tourists' automobil~s and beg for bread. horizon but the families traveled in ox-drawn troduce a resolution tomorrow asking Voice: Rather dangerous beggars. carts and slQwly were strewn along the way." that it be referred 'to the Foreign Rela Narrator: Yes; one must be careful because (Electric street car, very noisy, voices, etc.) tions Committee to make a thorough in with the bread they might take your arm. Narrator: The people from Colorado feel quiry into how such a ridiculous thing (Train up and down again.) great pride in saying that Denver is the sum could happen in one of the departments Narrator: Nothing in the United States is mit of the United States. of the Government. comparable to Colorado. Voice II: Ge.ographical-ly? There being no objection, the broad Voice II: I won't know.with regard to other Narrator: Naturally. Can you notice how things, but as far as picturesqueness, this distinctly you can hear the noises? cast \Vas ordered to be printed in the is unique. REcoRD, as follows: Voice: Yes; especially the one that the elec Narrator: In the State of Colorado there tric street cars make. KNOW NORTH AMERICA--cOLORADO are 1,500 peaks over ·10,000 feet above sea Narrator (laughs): They belong to an Music: Theme, up and under. level; and of the 66 in the United States English c<;>mpany. Announcer: The National Broadcasting h~gher than 14,000 feet,. 55 are in Coloradq. Voice: I thought so. Co. presents Know North America, a weekly Voice: Then, this is nothing but moun- Voice II: For the rest, Denver is a quiet program in which we narrate the spiritual tains? · city. adventures of two travelers as they discover Narrator: No; on the other side are the plains and the. deserts. That peak, covered Narrator: But don't think that it was al· the numerous miracles of the historical and ways like ~his: it had its days of glory and present-day life of the United States. with fog, is Lookout Mountain. Buffalo Bill,·· one ·of the . most interesting characters in scandal. . Train whistle, sounds, etc. Voice: When the gold rush broke the Voice: ·(.Yawns.) the history of the West, is buried there. His tomb looks toward the east, toward the vast thermometer? · Narrator: What is the matter; are you Narrator: Yes. At that, time it was an bored? , · plains whe!e he was the terror of the red skins and the buffalo • • •. international coquette. Nevertheless, when Voice: Naturally. gold disappeared it recovered its former calm Narrator: You have nothing to complain Voice: When I was young I never liked Buffalo Bill. and became a moderate industrial com about; you are traveling like royalty. munity. Voice: Yes, that is true, but, the trouble Narrator: That is strange •. because hls ad~ Is that we do not stop at any place. ventures are enthusiastically read by all Voice II: What it is today. Voice II: We are like three errant Jews. youngsters. Narrator: When gold was exhausted miners continued to dig the earth desper.ately Voice: Who ar~ not even Jews. Voice: I always took the side of the In- . Voice II: We are living the life· of an air dians and the buffalo. . and instead of the golden . or silver_ metal mail letter. Voice. II: Both suffered tremendously, b:Ut . they found the most common anq blackest· Voice: Without a definite address. that's progress: It destroys in order to build. mineral. Narrator (laughs): And what would you Narrator: You may not beliave it, but .to Voice II~ Coal? like-spend a season in each State? day, according to .statistics, there are more Narrator: Yes. According to statistics, Voice II: Not that, b·.. t it's trying to see Indians than before colonization. there is enough coal in Colorado ·for '1 ,000 everything and yet not be able to fully enjoy Voice II: But there are no more buffalo. years. · anythin'g. Voice: Of course, since no one eats Indians. · Voice: They better consume it now because · · Narrator: Does that mean that you are not (Train into.) · by that time people will get heat from atomic , satisfied? (Man calling "Denver-Denver;" Station r.adiations. Voice: Where the captain commands, the sounds:) Music: Up and under. Somewhat sad. sailor has no say. Narrator: We have arrived. Don't forget (A burro brays.) . Voice II: Do you think it was right tpat the suitcase. Voice: Listen, what a cordial greeting! we only spent 2 days in Hollywood? Voice: I suppose we will rest here. It has been a long time since I have seen Narrator: No; but I believe I showed you Narrator: Only what is strictly necessary one of those compatriots I everything; the only thing you did not see to continue the trip. [Laughter.] - was the cemetery of Forest Lawn, where there (Sounds up and under.) Voice: Compatriot? Colleague! are no tombstones, only trees with names. Narrator: Denver,.the capital of Colorado, is · Voice II: Is this a city? Voice: What do I care about such artistic situated at the foothills of the Rocky Moun Narrator: ·It was; and not just any city cemeteries! tains. It is the highest city in the country, but a real metropolis. Voice II: The quickest journey that we and its air, clear and clean, gives life and Voice: Metropolis, when almost all the have made, a real record, was the one through optimism to the inhabitants. Colorado no houses are made of wood? Nevada. doubt is the most spectacular State in the Narrator: What does that matter? There (Laughter.) United States. Its principal sources of wealth was more gold here than in many marble Voice: You delivered the historic lecture to are cattle in all its ramifications-gold, silver, palaces. us on the plane and we did not stop. beet sugar-even tourists .. Voice II: Modern ruins, are they not? Voice II: Don't you think that the State is (Street noises, voices, etc., in backgrourid). Narrator: Truly a paradox! going to resent it? Voice II: What a large number of Mexicans Voice: You know what this looks like? Narrator: Perhaps, but it was not my we see here. One of those studio sets that we saw in fault. The plane took another route. But Narrato.r: In Denver alone there are 25,000. Hollywood. · don't worry, remember what John Barry Voice: This belonged to Mexico, isn't that Voice II: That's true. more said: "In the world there are two cities true? which every civilized man should visit, even Narrator: And to France and to Texas, Narrator: And it really had much of that. though only once-Paris and Reno." when the audacity of Sam Houston made him It was so fantastic and transitory! Voice: I have not visited either of them. decide to extend his republic. (Suddenly.) Look out I Voice II: Because you are not civilized. . Voice: Where does the State take its name (Heavy board falls.) Sound, train up and again in background. from? Voice: That wall almost flattened mel Voice: What magnificent forests. Narrator: From the most important of its Narrator: You should thank God that it Voice II: 'They are endless. rivers, which the Spanish Conquistadores is made of wood. Narrator: In the West 70 percent of the called the Colorado because of the reddish Voice: Yes; but I am made of bone and · land is forests and deserts. color of its waters. · flesh. Voice: And yet the United States has Voice II: The gold. and the silver rush be Voice II: More bone than flesh. 140,000,000 inhabitants. gan here after the one in California. Am I (Steps on stone.) Narrator: They could have 500-- right? Voice: ('Echo.) Hello! This used to be a Voice II: Look, we have entered Colorado. Narrator: Yes, in 1860. But it was not theater. Isn't that right? Voice (reading): Mesa Verde, Colo. until 1900 that the adventure became an in Narrator: And what a theater. The most Narrator: Prepare yourself to see the most dustry, m·aintaining its splendor throughout famous opera and dramatic companies used admirable landscapes in the world. There the First World War. to come here. On this stage Gladys Swiuth are no equals, not even in Switzerland. Voice II: What history of the West: ex out sang the Merry Widow and Walter Voice: This looks like one of those Christ travagant, heroic, and cruel. Houston and Ruth Gordon presented Othello mas cards. Narrator: The strangest thing is that the and the Doll House. Voice II: A forest of blue pines. furtherest States, like California and Nevada, Voice: Then the miners were not so igno Na_rrator: Mesa Verde is a national park were the ones that were colonized first. rant if they appreciated Shakespeare and where the ruins of the prehistoric cities of Voice: Why would that be? Ibsen! the cavemen are preserved. In these virgin Narrator: The adventurers saw the great (Steps.) lands there are buffalo, deer, mountain plains and rushed toward them until the Pa- Narrator (off): Come and see the legend. goats, and bears-· - cific stopped them. · Voice: What is happening to you? Are Voice (suddenly): What a coincidence; Voice II: Those who followed in their foot you forgetting Spanish? Legends are read there are two there. steps were probably more conservative. or they are told. · 6472 CONGRESSIONAL RE-CO-RD-SENATE- MAY .26 . Narrator: But the one that I want to show miracles of the historical and present-day and the authors and those who prepared you, -you can see. Hfe of the United States. Participating in the script, and ascertain Under what cir (Door opens.) this program were • • •. Juan Jos6 Voice: This is very old. Vasquez· was in charge of production and · cumstances the scripts were prepared. Voice II: It has the odor of centuries. direction.. · Mr. SMITH. I ·agree with the Sena Narrator: And yet this city was founded Music: Up and out. tor cohipletely, because· the tone of those 70 years ago, when the mine of Central City broadcasts indicates that there certainly was discovered-and a few days after it was . Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will was a malicious intent in putting out born it began to die, little by little. the Senator yield? information of that kind. I cannot con (Steps on wood.) Mr. CAPEHART. · I shall be happy to· demn it too severely, and I thank the Voice II (reading): The Teller House. yield to the Senator from Kentucky. Senator from Indiana for bringing the Narrator: This used to be a hotel and very Mr. BARKLEY. Since my colloquy I matter to our attention. famous cabaret. have learned that Mr. Allen, the present· Voice: Well, where is the legend? Mr. CAPEHART. I have a copy of-the Narrator: On the 1loor. L,ook at it. head of the division' of the State Depart letter of one of the authors of the script, Voice: A woman's head. ment having to do with this subject, was which I am not at liberty at the moment Narrator: One night, during the golden confirmed by the Senate on the 31st of to place in the RECORD, in which she in great days, a vagabond entered here and, March of this year and took offi.ce some.:. substance says that she was forced to with a piece of chalk, painted that face. time after that date. write this sort of thing. Voice II: Oh, I remember the legend . . I The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. Mr. SMITH. I think we sheuld in- · · saw it in a movie. WHERRY] hands me a document which vestigate that very promptly. Narrator: The man, once he had finished, . indicates that Mr. Allen was confirmed screamed, and fell dead on his work. Mr. CAPEHART. I may get permis Voice: Then that is authentic? on the 25th of February. I think he sion later to put the letter in the _ Narrator: Na-turally. A newspaperman took offi.ce sometime. after the ·1st of RECORD. wrote a . ballad, famous and in poor taste, April, ·whi'ch would indicate-- Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, will · entitled ''The Face on the Bar Room Floor." Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I did the Senator from Indiana yield? Music: Music, nostalgic. Sound ·or ear not want to leave the impression that Mr. CAPEHART. I yield to the Sena running. these broadcasts happened since Mr. Voice II: What a magnificent type of In tor from Texas. · Allen took office. · Mr. CONNALLY. Permit me to say to dian. He looks like a prince. Mr. BARKLEY. I am very much in Narrator: And probably he is. The· Utes, the Senator from Indiana that if and the .aristocrats of the Indian tribes of Colo terested, because I was a member of the· when his resolution is offered, and it rado, live in this region. joint committee which visited · Europe comes to the Committee on Foreign Voice II: Oh, ·those are the indomitable. and looked into . the broadcasts from Relations-- Narrator: Yes; the Utes, llk(l the Araucanos America. We came back convinced that Mr. CAPEHART. I shall present . it in Chile, were never conquered either by the the service was needed in order to com tomorrow. Spaniards or the French. bat the propaganda against the· United . Mr. CONNALLY. As one member of Voice: Nor by the Texans? States in that quarter of the world. I · Narrator: Not by them either. Neverthe that committee, I shall itisist not only: less, the !act that they would not submit to recall that when the hearings were in that we have the officials of the State ·anyone isolated them and therefore they do progress before the Committee on For Department before us, but that we .have not form part of the active life in Colorado, eign Relations and the question of-using · the National Broadcasting Co. repre• like other tribes which, surrendering to the existing facilities instead of broadcast sentative called. conquerers, acquired their defects and vir-. ing directly- from the State Department tues. · · was under consideration, the question · Mr. CAPEHART. That is right; as ' Voice II: In a way they are a monument. arose as to the extent of supervision .well as the persons. wh9 wrote the copy. Narrator. Yes. They are not taken into which should be exercised by the State Mr. CONNALLY. So that we can-put consideration but they are respected as a our fingers on the copy and identify the symbol of the heroism of the race. Department over the broadcasting com- panies. . . source of it. It seems- to me, as sug Voice II: Which in this region is formi gested by the Senator from New Jersey, dable. Isn't that right? It was represented,. I recall, that the broadcasting companies objected to that this whole matter is saturated with Narrator: Of course it is. The prototype malice, with malice aforethought, in· is Jack Dempsey, terrible mixtures of Irish, State Department supervision on the Indian, and Mexican. · ground that they would not be free order to vent the spleen and pour out· Music. Grandiose. Car running, up and agents to serid out over their systems this the venom of the authors of this stuif to BG. · . information as they themselves pre- · upon certain States and sections of the . Voice II: What activity one sees every-. pared it. country. The idea that· anyone·, even where. · I · do not know, but I should like to one with a distorted mind, would con Narrator: Cororado is one of the richest ceive of sending out that kinci of rna-' States in the Union, but it is only now, after know, and I hope the Senator from New Jersey in his inquiry of the State De- · terial to the detriment of the United· the war, that it has started its progress on a States. These people are paid out of large scale because most of the capital 1s in partment will ascertain; to what extent the hands of the daughters, granddaughters they exercised supervision and control the Treasury of the United States. They or great-gran(tdaughtem of the miners of the over these private companies which dis-· are supposed to serve their country. past century. seminated this misinformation, and to They are supposed to wear the uniform ' Voice II: And of course, the ladies are con what extent, if at all, there has been of the United ·states. Yet · they are' servative and they don't wish to let go of any change· in the method of supervision, saboteurs, they are traitors to their coun what they have. or any change in the type of contract try and to the cause whic;h they' are sup Voice: Like all. women. posed to represent. .Music: Up and under. made between the State Department and Narrator: To the natives, Colorado is not these broadcasting ~ompanies, any . one Mr. CAPEHART. l hope the inquiry ju~t a State. It is something. like a religion. or all of them. . . will go into every phase of the ·situation. · and, to a certain extent, their pride is justi I am sure that the Senator from New Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will fied since geographically it has no equal in Jersey will undert.ake, even witbout a the Senator from Indiana yield? the United States; and in few parts of the resolution or any action on the part of Mr. CAPEHART. I yield to the Sen-. world. Colorado is half mountain and half' the Committee on Foreign Relations, to ator from Connecticut. plain. · The peaks erupt rugged, violent from the plains and .at some places there is not. obtain every detail of the information so Mr. ·McMAHON. I have asked the m~re than 100 kilometers between the most that the Senate and the country ·may Senator to yield because I looked up the arid desert and the summit of the R,ocky know. . , date when 'Mr. Allen actually took over Mountains. Colorado has not only produced Mr. . SMITI:I. Mr. President, I will say this program, and I find '' it to have been gold, silver, and coal, but also· great artists to ;the Senator iroin Kent1,1cky 'that I March 30, 1S48. · like Harold Lloyd, Ernest Truex, · Frederic have requested that infor~ation, and if I might say to the Senator that only March, and the unforgettable Douglas Fair it is not adequate when it is received, those who so deeply believe, as I believe, banks. Music: Up and out. we will get more information, so ·that in the necessity of America's voice, the Announcer: · You have just heard Know every last corner of this distressful sit true voice of America, being known to North America, a weekly program in which uation will be explored: the world, could feel as deeply shatned we ~arrate the· spiritual adventures of two Mr. CAPEHART. In the inquiry we and abashed at the kind of statements travelers as they discover the numerous should make we sl}ould c~lUn the writer~ which J:iave been voiced .in tlle scripts 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 6473 which the Senator from Indiana has Mr. REVERCOMB. I feel that the after the passage of this bill, made neces read. I am one of those who have Senator from Vermont has very clearly sary quite a number of amendments so heretofore voiced my belief that unless stated a point I had intended to mention, as to make the bill in harmony with the United States of America succeeds in namely, that, regardless of who may have those two laws. None of the changes putting its c~se-and a great case it written the particular scripts which have made necessary in terminology and pro has-to the rest of the world, we will been laid before the Senate, which have cedure actually affect the substance of inevitably lose the battle for men's minds revealed a situation which is deplorable, the Senate bill as it was originally that is going on between us and the and, I may say, tragic-regardless of who passed. The original House version did Soviet Union. may have w:: .~tten them, the State De not provide for any regular corps of Mr. President, that is why I, perhaps partment, under whose direction and women officers or enlisted women in any as much as any other Member of the guidance they were written, is the re of the three services. That was an inte Senate, deplore this kind of broadcast, sponsible Government agency, and must gral part. of the Senafe bill as we passed because I am afraid that the malfeasance answer for the acts. I think it is very it. . in this office, if you please, might result well .indeed to ascertain what individual As a result of the conference the regu in such condemnation as to result in the may have written the scripts, and :find · lar corps remains at the same strength as abolition of the office itself, which I think from that individual why they were writ originally approved by the Senate. The would be a very bad thing for the United ten and who authorized their writing. bill, as amended in conference, however, States. Much has been said about the time requires that the full enlistment in the What we must do is to see that this does Mr. Allen took office and began to ·per regular corps shall be attained in .a time not happen again, but we must also re.., form his duties in charge of the Voice of period of 2 years rather than all at solve that we shall go forward to place America program. From the informa once. I believe this to be an entirely America's case, what America stands for, tion given us today it appears he took sound procedure which is intended to the freedom it stands for, what America office on March 30 of this year. That is apply to the three services, because full lives by; and what America is willing to not the question, however. Some one enlistment could not be taken care of die by, before the people of the world. was there in that department before administratively all at once. There Mr. CAPEHART. What a tragedy it March 30, responsible, and solely respon fore the Senate conferees have agreed would have been had someone not called sible, I feel, for the conduct of the pro on the changes made in the bill. the attention of the Senate to the kind gram. Inquiry should be made as to I can assure the Senate that the bill and type of broadcasts which are being why this kind of broadcast was made; as it now is is identical with the substance made, and if it had been continued in what motivated it. There could have and intent of the Senate version. · foreign · languages over a period of been no good motive behind it. Why I move the adoption of the conference months and months and years and years. then should anyone in the Government report. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the service direct broadcasts or statements so . 'The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Indiana yield? injurious to the country? That ought to question is on agreeing to the conference · Mr. CAPEHART . . I yield to the Sena be the real purpose of the investigation. report. tor from ·vermont. I hope it will proceed at once. The report was agreed to. Mr. MALONE obtained the floor. Mr. AIKEN. I suggest that ascertain ORDER OF BUSINESS ing the author of the script and perhaps Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, will the reprimanding the author or securing his Senator yield to me for the purpose of Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I dismissal from the Government service submitting a conference report? should like to say for the RECORD and for will amount to very little, and will prob Mr. MALONE. I yield. the information of Senators present that ably correct nothing. The State Depart- Mr. GURNEY. I may say to the Sen it is our hope to :finish action on the dis ment, and the State Department alone, is ator from Nevada that I am sure con placed-persons bill tomorrow. responsible for the type of broadcasts sideration of it will require but a · few Further, it has already been agreed, which go out over the world under this minutes. by unanimous consent, to set aside the program. I think the Congress has spent Mr. MALONE. I am glad to yield to time from 12 o'clock to 3 :30 p. m. on too much time in running down subor the Senator from South Dakota for that Friday next to deal with the conference purpose. report on what is commonly known as dinates, getting sensational stories about the Reed-Bulwinkle ·bill. subordinates, and then doing .,POthing WOMEN'S CORPS IN THE ARMED SERV Following action on that measure it is about the department heads·who are re ICES-CONFERENCE REPORT sponsible for the subordinates. That is our hope to take up the Treasury and why I wish to point out that just so long· Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I sub Post Office Departments. appropriation as we devote our effort to running down mit a conference report on Senate bill bill. ' subordinates of a department and do not· 1641, to establish the Women's Army I appeal to Members of the Senate to be take any action against the heads of the Corps in the Regular Army, and so present tomorrow, and let us vote on the departments who are responsible for the forth, and I ask unanimous consent for amendments p'roposed to the displaced acts of the employees, just so long will its immediate consideration. persons bill, and get that legislation out we have contributed very little toward The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of the way if possible by tomorrow night. better government. I hope that in this conference report will be read for the REVISION OF ROLL OF INDIANS OF case at least action may be taken. I information of the Senate. CALIFORNIA The report was read. think we have to hold the department The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be heads responsible if we are to get good (For conference report, see p, 6958 of fore the Senate a message from the House Government service. the House proceedings in the RECORD.) of Representatives anouncing its - dis I realize that we have circumscribed The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there agreement to the amendments of the the scope of the department heads in objection to the immediate considera Senate to the bill (H. R. 2878) to ainend some cases by legislation so that they tion of the conference report? the act approved May 18, 1928 ( 45 Stat. cannot function properly. If that be There being no objection, the Senate 602), as amended, to revise the roll of the true, we should correct that situation, proceeded to consider the report. Indians of California provided therein, too. But, above all else, if we do not hold Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, the and requesting a conference with the the department top levels themselves re conference report is unanimous on the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two sponsible, we will never correct the evil part of the managers of the Senate and Houses thereon. things which happen on the lower levels. of the House. lt deals with a bill passed Mr. BUTLER. This being a bill which Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I am by the Senate last year, on July 27, 1947, came from the Committee on Interior certain that public hearings will be held authorizing a regular enlistment in the and Insular Affairs, I move that the Sen by the Committee on Foreign Relations WAVES, the WAC, and the Marines. ate insist upon its amendments, agree to on this question and on the resolution The bill as it has been agreed to in con the request of the House for a conference, which I shall offer tomorrow. ference comes so near to the Senate ver and that the Chair appoint the conferee~ Mr. REVERCOMB . . Mr. President, sion that I do not think it will require a on the part of the Senate. will the Senator ftom Indiana yield? long explanation. The passage of the The motion was . agreed to; and the Mr. CAPEHART. I yield. Unification Act and the Promotion Act, Presiding Officer appoint Mr. BuTLER, 6474 CONGRESSIONAL RECO . RD~SENATE MAY~_26 Mr. WATKINS, Mr. ECTON, Mr. HATCH, and ·Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the dread disease it-is, and what a loss it is Mr. MuRRAY conferees on the part of the Senator yield? to those whose herds must be slaughtered Senate. Mr. WHERRY . . I yield. _ to eliminate the disease to keep :lt from Mr. HATCH. Like the Senator from . spreading to .our farms. · FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE Nebraska, I am not ·an expert on the sub Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I ject. Did the individual to whom the Senator ·Yield? · · · · should like to call the attention of the Senator referred say the wool itself was Mr. WHERRY. I yield. Senate to a telegram I received this after· processed? Mr. HATCH. I believe the Senator noon from Mr. Richard Kleberg, famil· Mr. WHERRY. He said that the wool stated that he. had alreaC:y protested to iarly known· as Dick Kleberg, of the from live sheep is processed in transit. the Department of Agriculture. King ranch in Texas. [ think possibly How that is done I do not know. But Mr. WHERRY. That is true. he sent it to the chairman of the Small between the time it leaves its point of Mr. .HATCH. I wish to say for my Business Committee because of the in origin and until it arrives at Boston, if self--and I feel su:r;e that· the ·same terest we took a year ago in the ques there is any processing to be done it is thought would be expressed by ail Sena tion of OPA controls. He also knows we done in transit, and the woal is supposed tors from l!pestock-producing · States- were very much interested, together to be free from any foot-and-mouth in that we are not in a position to pa~s upon with the Department of Agriculture and fection. the sufficiency of what should be done. the distinguished Senator from Texas Possibly it is true that wool could be But I am positively of the opinion that [Mr. CoNNALLY] and other Senators, in safely released from quarantine and im if there is any question whateyer, these the matter of the appropriations which ported into this country if it came only importations should not be allowed. were made for the control of foot-and from the areas which are free fro:tn foot Mr. WHERRY. ·That is correct. mouth disease, as it related , to cattle and-mouth disease. But Mr. Kleberg Mr. HATCH.. I join the Senator in across the .border. I read the telegram says that there is a question in the minds that attitude. for the information of Senators because of many as to whether. it can be prQc Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator Mr. ·Kleberg asked that I read it in full. essed and made free from disease which fo.r his contribution. I am merely put I have made protest to the Department might spread in this country. Further t1ng the Senate on notice, and especially of Agriculture in connection with it, but more, he states that to his knowledge Senators from States along the border, I think the matter is of so much impor this wool is not being assemblep only in as to what is happening. I can think of tance that Senators from the livestock districts freed from foot-and-mouth dis .. na better way to make a protest than to areas of the United States should be in ease, but that it comes from all dis bring the subject to the attention not formed respecting its contents. Mr. tricts, and is then shipped as .Coahuila only of the Department, but also of the Kleberg's ~elegram says: wool. He feels that it is a dangerous Senatots who-are interested. The pro Carl 3varverud, address Roswell Hotel, Del threat to the livestock industry of the test is made only· in that light; I hope Rio, Tex ... sent me the following telegram- country. that from now on, if the rules are not· Which in turn was &ent on to me Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. · President, will sufficiently rigid; they will be made so. Boston wool buyers bidding on 1,000,000 the Senator yield? A protest has already been made. It is pounds Coahuila wool. BAI will permit en Mr. WHERRY. I yield. important that appro_priations which are trance through Eagle Pass. Mr. CONNALLY. I am not an expert made to halt this disease be used judi on that particular disease, -but my in ciously. Certainly we should take no Following is part of the telegram I do formation is ~hat the germ or virus, or chance on importations of wool or sc-rap not understand. It is: whatever it is, can be transmitted on meat or bones, in view of the fact that Relative to Aftosa quarantine. clothing, or any other article. the foot-and-mouth . disease is such ~ I am told that that means the hoof Mr. WHERRY. That' is correct. dread disease, and will cause-such great and-mouth-disease quarantine, but it is Mr. CONNALLY. If that be true, financial loss in the event that it is. . a code word I am not able to understand. there is great danger in permitting this spread through shipments of tl:lis kind.· wool to come across the border. It may I thank the Senator from Nevada for However, I have referred the telegram, bring the germ with it. · as ~ I said, to the Department of Agricul yielding to me. ture. Mr. Kleberg says further: Mr. WHERRY. When I called with Mr. MALONE. I am happy to yield. reference to the meat scraps, I was told . LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM These shipments are a definite threat to that they were partially cooked. I un the livestock industry. Twenty-two carloads Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I again o{ meat scraps partially cooked,_ three car derstand that if thP.y have gone through loads of dry bo-les consigned to Consolidated a heat process, that is supposed to de-. invite the attention of the senate to the' Chemical Co., of San Francisco, are · contem stroy the germs; yeti am told that much program for tomorrow ·and Friday. . l plated to be, shipped ~hrough E:-agle Pass. of this meat :·s only J)artially cooked, and hope that we can expeditiously take care that it is not free f1·om disease. Those of the pending legislation and conclude The telegram continues: - who have been e·mployed to ·investigate consideration of the Post Office-Treasury Suggest that you and other Senators file the question are apprehensive that scrap appropriation bill and the conference re. protest immediately demanding embargo on meat infested with foot-and-mouth dis port on the Bulwinkle bill, which .will be such shipments. · ease is. being imported by the ca:·load. I before .us for consideration on Friday at -Before calling this matter to the atten asked how these shipments were sent noon, by unanimous-con:sent agreement. tion of the Seriate I took· it up with the through, and was told that they are sent THE MINING INDUSTRY . AND NATIONAL section in the Department of Agriculture through consular agents on the border SECURITY which has charge of enforcing the quar between M~ xico ·and Texas. Let us say· antine in connection with the foot-and for the sake of argument that the consu Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, many mouth -disease as it relates to the rEstrict lar agents are doing the best job they factors are responsible for the deplorable ed areas. I talked to a Dr. Seher, who can, according to the specifications laid state of the mining industry at the pr~s I think is well informed respecting the down. If the handling of imports Jnto ent time. provisions of the act. He said that Coa this country is anything like· the hand First, unwise taxes--the siphoning off huila wool comes from live sheep and is ling of merchandise exported· from this of the. capital and incomes of the people processed in transit in such manner a·s country, it is almost '· a superhuman task of the Nation to the point that there is to render it safe. Of course I am not to supervise it adeq1lately. little venture capital left for investment pitting my judgment against his, but I We have already- appropriated $42.~ in the hazardous business of mining. have taken the matter up with Mr. Kle 000,000 to control the foot-and-mouth Mining is definitely a venture business~ berg and he says· the difficulty· is that the disease in Mexico· and elsewhere; and no Second, the Securities and· Exchange wool is· being collected in regions which doubt this Congress would be liberal and Commission is retarding such invest are . outside districts which have been continue to appropriate, because every merits through trying to determine the freed from the disease in Mexico, and one in the livestock areas knows, as C.:o feasibility of mining ventures instead of that there' is a great 'cp.ance that in this the distinguished · Senator from New determining the facts for the benefit of million pounds of wool there will be Mexico [Mr. HATCH] and the distin the public, relative to a stock issue. iound wool wbich has coine from .an in~ guished Senator from Texas [Mr. CoN Third, tariffs.. and import fees have fected area. NALLY], and other Senators, what a been reduced to the point where little 1948- CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD~SENATE 6475 prote~tion for the workers and 'investors · Mr.· President, these and many other are essential· to the common defense or the in the industry is afforded. factors have combined to dangerously industrial needs of the pnited State!3: . and curtail the mining industry at a critical to stimulate the commercial extraction and Fourth, the atmosphere of the ''have production of the same. not" nation.radiated from many Govern period in our history. Definite moves SEc. 3. (a) There is hereby created within ment departments in Washington tends are under way at the present time to cor the Department of the Interior a Mine In to discourage activity in the mining field. rect these factors, but they cannot be centive Payments Division, hereinafter called Fifth, the announced policy of the made effective in time to preserve the the !'Division." Army and Navy Munitions Board and mining industry or to meet any emer (b) The administrative officers of the Divi · other bureaus responsible for the stock gency. sion shall be a Director, suitably qualified in piling of strategic and critical minerals This, then, is not the time to discuss actual administrative and mining experi ' of favoring the purchase of foreign min these policies in detail, but they will be ence, and an Assistant Director. The salaries eral supplies over domestic ores has fur taken up in order at a· later date. of the Director and Assistant Director shall ther discouraged expenditure of time and bJ $12,000 per annum an~ $10,000 per an-· So, Mr. President, I now introduce the num, respectively~ In the absence of the money in the mining field. bill and ask that it be printed in the Director his duties shall be performed by the Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, will RECORD at-this point In introducing Assistant Director. - · . · · the Senator yield? this proposed legislation I am joined by (c) It shall be the duty of the Director, Mr. MALONE. I yield. the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. BuT- and he is hereby authorized and directed, · Mr. REVERCOMB. I am interested . LER], the Senator from Wisconsin · [Mr. ( 1) to perform the functions hereinafter spe in the Senator's bill-certainly in its pur WILEY], the Senator from Mdntana [Mr. cifically authorized, and (2) -to prescribe pose. Does the Senator expect the bill EcToN], the Senator from Washington rules and regulations. for carrying -out the · to bring about an expansion in the num [Mr. CAIN], the Senator from Utah [Mr. provisions of this act in the simplest manner. (d) The Director may select, employ, and ber of domestic producing mines? WATKINS], the Senator from Utah [Mr. fix the compensation of such engineers and Mr. MALONE . . If some stability is THOMAS], the Senator from New Mexico other experts as may be. necessary to carry' afforded the mining industry mining men [Mr. HATCH], the Senator from Arizona out the purposes of this act without regard expect that venture capital will again [Mr. McFARLAND], and the Senator from to the civil-service laws and the Classifica enter the field and develop prospects, New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ]. tion Act of 1923 and shall employ su_ch other prospectors will again be searching _the The purpose of the proposed legisla stafi' as he may deem necessary. · c mineralized area and will find more pros tion is to stimulate the production. and -SEc. 4. All of the functions of the Office pects, many new mines will come in, and conservation of strategic and · critical of Premium Price Plan for Copper, Lead, and old ones will be reopened for produc-. Zinc, pertaining to the administration o.f ores, metals,-and minerals in the interest said plan, are hereby transferred to the Di tion. of national defense and for the establish vision, together with all pertinent records Mr. REVE.RCOMB. With the intended ment within the Department of the In and equipment. · · increase in mining activity, is it the pur terior of a Mine Incentive Payments Di SEc. 5. (a) To carry out the purposes of pose of the bill to encourage stock piling vision, and for-other purposes. · this act, devefopment and conservation pay..; of ores for defense purposes? The PRESIDING-OFFICER. Without ments .shall be made hereunder for all Mr. MALONE. That is the principal objection, the bill will be received and ores, metals, and minerals determined to purpose. -.The administration is talking appropriately referred, and will be be strategic or critical, pursuant to sec- . war. We are in a very unsettled con tion 2 (a), Public Law 520 (79th Cong., ch: printed in the .RECORD., as requested by 590, 2d sess.), and included in group 'A ·of dition. As ·a matter of fact, the Second the Senator from Nevada; the Munitions Board list of strategic and ;world War has not as yet been declared The bill TABLE 1.-Comparison of 1939 ancl present prices of group ~ strategic minerals Quoted price,. 1948 Mineral Grade Unit Average price, 1939 Month Price !~~~~~~~~ ::::::::::::::::~: ~~~:.~i~_t::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: §~~dtoil_-:::::~:~:::~:::::::::::: 12.36 cents·------~--- May ______36.17 cents. Do ______------•------South African ______------~~ __ ------_____ do ____ _------"-- f~======::::::::::::::::::::' : -~~~~~~~:.::::: ~tl ~~ Bauxite______48.li2 percent __ -·------·------.------· Long ton ______: :_-.. ______.;_ =: BeryL______10 to 12 percent, B,O ______. _ 1 percent ton ______~·~ · ~.~::::::::::::::::::::=· _:-:_~~(;_:::::::: ~62~ot$1~~.50. Bismuth ______.______None ______-----_____ ------Pound: __--- ____ , : ______------$1.05 to $1.25 ••• ------~- _____ do ______$2. Cadmium ______------_____ do ______------__ ---·- _____ do __ ___ ------______, 64.1 cents ______••••• do...... $1.75. Celestite ______----- 92 percent:stron tium sulphate _____ ------'--- Short ton ______------~------:..-- $37 .49 __ ------·------••••. do...... $45. Chromite, metallurgicaL •••• 48 percent (3 to 1>------Long ton ______0 0 Cobalt______~------97 to 99 percent ______:__ ___ Pound_------~----·-· ------~~3~ t~ $f~lo.-~:::::::::::::::: :::::~~::::::::: ~~~J~ $3o. 49 cents------·------January••••••• 58 cents. g~~P~~i:~=::: :: ::;:::::: :::: ~l~c~~~~~~i~~~ :~- ~:::: ::::::::::::::::::::: ::::= ~~= ==::: :::::::::::: =::·:: ·:: :::: 2 Corundum_____ ------_ None ______. __ .__ ------__ ----_ Short ton. _.-----~------__ ------~k~~::~~s_-:::::::::::::::::::: tr_v;~_-:::::::: ~~ t~$l~ {es- timated). Industrial diamonds.------__ .do______------___ _.___ Per carat___ _-·- __ ------____ _ Graphite.c ___ ------Ceylon lumP------Short ton •• _-·--·------"' ~~7~0 -$-7()_~:::::::::::::: ::::::: i'te~~~::.-_:::: ~~A~ $18. Do ______------_----- Flake ______------______------______do _____- - - --"------~- - ______$90 to $125 ______do______$180. Kyanite. _~ ------None------Short ton._------$14------·.------~ .•.•. do ______$45 to $65, Lead __ __~ ______----- _____ do ______------_------Pound __ ------__ ------______5.05 cents______ApriL______17.2 cents. Manganese, metallurgicaL.. 48 to 50 percent______Long ton ______30 to 50 cents______May---·------!in~ to 72~i cents. Mercury------___ ------None ______-- ~ ------~ ---- Flask ___ ; ______$103.94 __ ------·------_____ do ______• __ - $71 to $76. Mica ____ ------·------Muscovite, sheet and film______Pound._------30 cru1ts to $10 ______~------_____ do______$2 to $15. Do •••••• ------·------S plittings ______-.------·-- _~---do----·------22 cents------~------'--- _____ do .•••: •••. 65 cents t& $1.25. Do _____ ------__ Phlogopite splittings ______~------___ ..do _____ ------_____ do ••••• ------_-----______do ••••• ___ _ 95 cents. Monazite. ___ ------_ None ______------_----_------Short ton _____ ------~------$75 .. ______------__ _••• do ••••••••. $175 to $185. NickeL __ ------·----- Electrolytic. ______------Pound ___------_____ . _ 35 cents_------______do ______33% cents. Platinum ______None ______------Troy ounce ___ -----_____ --·------$36. ------______do ______$101. Quartz crystaL------100 to 10M gram size ______Pound ______.; _____ ------_____ do ______$2.50 to $36. Rutile ______------94 percent concentrate ______do______10 cents_------_____ doc______8 to 10 cents. Talc, steatite ___ ------Block or lava______Short ton ______$64 to $78------Not available. 'ITant'in ______alite. _------______$2 to $2.50. ~r~~ec~_t _~~~~~~~t:~:~::::::: ::::::::::: ::: _~-~~d~:_- ::~=~~~======::::::: ~:~c~~l::~: ::::::::::::::::= -~-~~0-_-_-_-::::: 94 cents. VTungstenanadium. ______------_ _ 1 $27 to $28. ~2g~~~~~: _~ ~~: ~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~J~~ ~~t- ~~-~~ ~~~~~::::::: ~i~ ~enis: :::::::::::::::::::: :: ===~~==: ::::: 27~ cents. ZirconZinc_------______Prime western, East St. Louis.------_: ___ do .• _------5.12 cents------ApriL--~-- --- 12 cents. · · 55 percent Zr02------Short ton.------$55------May------$45 to $47. Source: Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, May 25, 1948. Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, the TABLE. 2.-Prewar ancl postwar United States TABLE 2.-Prewar and postwar United States second table submitted shows prewar production and imports of group A stra production and imports of group A strate- 1938 figures of production and of imports tegic minerals gic minerals-Continued · of the strategic minerals for which figures are published by the Bureau of Domestic Domestic N arne and unit produc- Imports N arne and unit produc- Imports Mines and compares these with current tion tion postwar figures of production and im ports. The postwar figures are the Antimony {content, in short Cadmium {in pounds): latest made available by the Bureau of tons): 1938_------·--- 4, 184,000 22,582 Mines. 1938_ ------€50 9,143 1946_------~ --- ______.____ 5, 300,000 (3) 1946_------· ----·- 2, 505 5, 905 Celestite (in short tons): It will be noted that in the case of Asbest.os (in short tons): 1938.------(') ' 276 several of the minerals, the imports have 1938_------,; ------·-·--- 19,471 179,490 1944_------___ _._____ 3,005 3, 691 1946.------·- I 14,075 456,688 Chromite (in short tons): increased much more rapidly than do Bauxite (in long tons) : 1938.------909 394, 3~5 mestic production, while in some in 1938_ ------·-·--- 323,818 455,693 194.7------·-----·-·--- 984 1, 104, 981 stances .domestic production has actually 1946 __ ------··--- 1, 018, 774 852,005 Cobalt (in pounds): { ~ 500,000 Beryl (in short tons of ore): 1938 •• ------·-·······--- 1,075 6 938,500 declined .while imports were rapidly ex~ 1939_ ------95 459 7 373,215 1945_------·····- 39 1, 201 1944 __. __ ------··-·- 828,515 83,801,441 panding. Bismuth (in pounds): Columbite (in pounds): There being no. objection, the table was 1938.------(2) 92,298 1938_ --~------2,000 645,141 ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as 1946_------(2) (3) 1945 __ ------1,149 4, 277,152 fullows: · Footnotes at end of table. Footnbtes at end af table. 6480 CONGRESSIONAL -RE(JORD._.SENATE · MAY ~6 ~LE 2.-Prewq,r and postwar United States but imports; have increased much more· cargo ships. Standard mllitary applications production and imports of group A strate· rapidly. In the case of chromite,. for include detonating caps, shrapnel balls, and gic minerals-continued example, domestic production is about: bullet cores. About 75 percent of antimony 8 percent above 1938, while imports have production is ·employed in antimonial' lead. Domestic During the war a major' application of anti· Name and unit produc- Imports . increased nearly 200 percent during the monial lead was in the manufacture of star· tion same period. A similar situation holds age batteries ~nd bearing material.- for mercury where domestic production ASBE5TOS Copper (.in short tons): increased only about 35 percent between Asbestos is of major impo_rtance in mak 1938_·------~------557,763 252,164 1938 and 1947 while imports incre.ased by 1947~------846,389 292,562 ing building materials and various types of Cor.undum (no domestic produc- 400 percent during the sa~e interval. insulating products. · Military · constr.uct~on tion except some synthetic Asbestos and other minerals show the made. from bauxite). requires large quantities of asbestos. prod· Diamonds, industrial (all but a same general picture. ucts: Aircraft, tanks, army trucks, jeeps, 'fraction imported). The failure of some postwar metal mobile artillery, and other military equip· Graphite, natural (in short tons) prices to keep abreast of domestic in ment have needed large ton;;nages of asbestos. (crystalline only): Asbestos is also used for brake bands, clutch 1942_------7,120 10, 183 creases in the cost of production, where 1946_------·--- 5, 575 3,393 facings, and for insulating electric conduc. Kyanita, Indian (United Stat.es labor costs alone have risen over 100 per- · tors. Its short fibers mixed with cement kyan~te is not equal to the In cent, is partly the result of reductions in are · used for building products (asbestos dian product): tariffs under the present administration cement shingles, . siding, roofing, tiie, and 1938.------(3) 3,964 1!;46_------(3) 10, 7R2 of the Trade Agreements Acts, and could wallboard)' various heat-insulation and nre· Lead (in short tons): be remedied by new legislation providing proof materials, pipe covering, gaskets, pack 1938_ ------369,726 112,371 for a flexible import fee system to bring ing, and chemical filters. · 1947------1346, 210 10 2lt, 773 Manganese (in short tons of ore, foreign metals prices in line with those BAUXITE containing 35 percent or more o!.manganese): in the United States. . Bauxite is of major. importance in _ the 1128,359 12 541,616 Mr. President, I should like to submit making of aircraft and is also used in the ======116,671 1, 378,859 a list of 33 minerals recommended for manufacture of chemicals, abrasives, refrac· Mercury~:~= (in .flasks of 76 pounds): tories, cement, as well as oil refining. It 1938.------17,991 2,362 stock piling by the Army and Navy Muni 1947------23,200 10,228 tions Board, for which stock piling and is also used as a flux in the steel and ferro· Mica (pounds of uncut sheet and active domestic production are deemed alloy industries. punch): Of total shipments of domestic baUXite 1938 _____ ------939,507 391,125 the only satisfactory methods of insuring 1946.------1,078,867 4, 499;562 in 1940, the aluminum industry used 48 per· Monazite {in short -tons) (com- an adequate supply. Ior a future emei:· cent; aluminum abrasives and refractories. mercial quantities are im gency. manufactured in the- United States and i ported): There being no objection, the list was Canada used 28 percent; and the manufacture 1938_------(3) 456 1945·.------· (3) 549 ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as .of alumina and aluminum salts by the chem· · Nickel (in short tons): follows: leal industry required 18 percent. . 198&.------'ll6 29,1)46 1946_ ------.------352 92,500 A LIST OF 33 MINERALS RECOMMENDED FOR BERYL Platinum group metals (in troy STOCK PILING BY ARMY AND. NAVY MUNITIONS Berylllum was of strategic importance in ounces): BOARD 1938.------36,213 161, 189 Worlci War II due to its. use in · relatively 19{6 .. ------101, 778 407,210 GROUP A-MATERIALS FOR WHICH STOCK PILING small percentages for the purpose of im-· Quartz crystals (in pounds) AND ACTIVE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ARE proving physical properties of certain alloys, (strategic quartz): particularly in sprl11gs, . cams, gears, pre· 1940.------(3) 126, 521 DEEMED THE ONLY SATISFACTOR.Y . METHODS . OF 1945.------(3) 1, 329,798 INSURING AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY FOR A FUTURE cision bearings and bushings, and contact Rutile (short tons): EMERGENCY brushes. The main application is in copper· 1939_ ------~- ---- (3) 442 base alloys for increasing tensile st:t:ength 1945.------7, 179 10,602 Antimony. Mercury. Sapphire and ruby ______(13) Asbestos. Mica. particularly the elastic limit, hardness, and Talc (black type talc) ______(H) Bauxite. Phlogopite splittings. fatigue strengths, of springs and diaphragms - Tantalite. ___ -·------(!~) Beryl. Monazite. of delicate instruments, · and especially in Tin.------(16) sensitive fire-control mechanisms for large Tungsten (in short tons of ore Bismuth. . Nickel. containing 60 percent of W03): Cadmium. P 1 at in u m group guns. The addition of 3 percent or less of 1938 .. ~ ------4,000 171 Celestite. metals. beryllium to copper makes an alloy that can Hl47 ______-----•• --- -~-. 3, 200 6, 300 Chromite. Quartz crystals . . be heat-treated. Vanadium (in pounds): BISMUTH 1938.------1, 613, 155 1, 384,320 Cobalt. .Rutile. 1946.------~ ------1, 272, 148 791,057 Columbite. Sapphire and ruby. Bismuth and bismuth alloys are 1mpor. Zinc (in short tons): Copper. Talc. tant in pattern metals and ruses in ,·:tire 1938.------516, 703 25,813 . Corundum. Tantalite. 194 7------17 624,809 lli369,005 sprinklers. There are no effective substi- : Zirconium ores (no accurate sta Diamonds, industrial. Tin .. tutes for the major uses of bismuth. tistfcs available, baddeleyite is Graphite. Tungsten. Considerable bism1,1th and bismuth alloys . . not f{)und in the United States). Kyanite, Indian. Vanadium. were used during· th3 war iii the production Lead. , Zinc. of atomic bombs, radar equipment, and· other l Sold or used. Mangane$e ore. Zirconium ores. war uses not yet rriade public. Bismuth is 2 Not published. Mr. MALONE. ·Mr. President, I should used in aluminum alloys from which the a Not available. forged cylinder heads of air-cooled aviation • None listed. like to submit for the RECORD at this point • Ore. engines are made in order to increase ma.;. e Metal. another list cf the 33 minerals, describ· chinability of the fqrgings. The property of · 'Oxide. ing the principal uses of Group "A" of the increased machinability of castings is also · 8 In oxides, metal, and ore. 91947 ~ gure from domestic ores .and. base bullion at strategic minerals recommended to be secured by additions of bismuth to malleable Jlriroary refineries. stock-piled by the Army and Navy Muni· . irons, manganese ·steel, and stainless steel. 10 Ore, base bullion, etc. Bismuth alloys are employed in the pro u Shipments. tions Board. . J2 For consumption. . There being no objection, the list was duction of 'spotting, checking; and erection 13 No total production figures available. Some sap ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as · fixtures for the aviation and automotive in:. phires are mined domestically; no rubies are mined in dustries; in dies for dtop hammer and press the United States. · follows: forming·of thin sheet metals; as fusible cores : I4ls not found in the United States. PRINCIPAL USES OF 33 MINERALS MAKING UP in the manufacture of electroformed hollow I 13 Found with columbium together; no separate sta- tistics av.ailable. THE GROUP. A OF STRATEGIC. MINERALS REC articles; for anchoring fragile materials dur· J6 Not. domestically produced. OMMENDED TO BE STOCK-PILED BY THE ARMY ing .machi:o.ing, grinding, and testing; as a 11 Minfl production of recoverable zinc, AND NAVY MUNITIONS !30ARD heat-transfer medium, and for molds and 18 Zinc 'in ore,· pigs, slabs,- and blocks. ANTIMONY patterns in precision .casting. PRODUCTION AND COSTS UNSTABLE Antimony has important military uses as CADMIUM Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, in the well . as industrial .uses. . The trichloride is The major normal use of cadmium is the use.d as a bronzing solution for gun barrels I case of beryl, columpite, lea,d, nickel, and protective electroplating of steel parts for and as a caustic in medicine_, while an,~imony 1 tungsten, postwar domestic production airplanes, ordnance, automobiles, ships, and :figures show a de.cline from prewar levels salts are used in dyeing. . Ope of the major electrical and communications equipment. wartime uses was the fireproofing of canvas Yellow and red pigments, bearings, solders, :while imports have greatly expanded. used by the Army. Antimony oxide is. also copper alloys and :fuse metal are other ap In the case of ·other minerals, domestic used ilXtensively as an ingredient of non plications. A recent development is the use ,Production has increased over prewar inflammable paint, particularly for naval and of cadmium barriers to control atomic fission. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 6481 CELESTITE In 1940, rod and wire required 120,000 tons · in prefabricated and burned shapes, such as Celf'stite has important military uses, par of copper; automobiles, 103,000; buildings, brick, tile and block. They are also em ticularly in tracer bullets to control the burn 102,000; light and power lines, 74,000; and ployed in making plastics, cements, ram ing rate of the tracer composition. It is telephones and telegraphs, 49,000. ming mixes, and mortars. essential for military flares, rockets, and CORUNDUM Kyanite is employed in burner blocks in the superstructures of glass . tanks; for shells. Military flares, Very pistols, and avia Corundum is one of the principal indus tion, marine, raUroad, and highway signals plungers, rings, and tubes for feeding molten trial abrasives and is a key product filling glass to forming machines; for saggers and also require celestite (strontium salts, par important needs in aircraft manufacture and ticularly strontium nitrate) ; other kiln furniture for the chinaware and in the production of many specialized items pottery trade. It is also used in porcelain. Ground celestite is used for purifying for mechanization of the armed forces., par caustic soda for the rayon industry. It is ticularly in grinding and polishing high pre LEAD also a substitute . for barite as a weighting cision lenses for optical instruments used by Lead is used principally in storage bat agent in oil well drilling fluid. The petro the Army and Navy. teries, pigments, cable covering, in the build leum industry has been the main ·consumer · In powdered form as loose grain, this abra ing trade in the form of sheets, pipes, traps, of domestic celestite. sive makes possible the smooth surfaces re calking lead· and solder, in ammunition, as CHROMITE quired for the accurate performance of opti foil for packaging, as tetraethyl lead for The steel industry takes the greater part of · cal lenses. For other purposes, it is used on blending in gasoline manufacture, and in the chromite used in this country; the larg paper and cloth in the form of · abrasive numerous other ways. There is no satis es-t; amount is consumed in making ferro wheels, cylinders, blocks, and files of varying factory substitute for lead in its major uses chromium for use in the manufacture of size and shape. Grinding-wheel manufac principally because the physical properties stainless and other alloy steels. Some ore turers use coarser grain sizes; optical-lens and relative cheapness of lead make it unique is used directly in the steel bath. Chromium makers use finer size products: the fine dust in its field and ·encouraged its substitution· increases hardness and shock resistance and that remains from the two strategic uses is for other materials. imparts high tensile strength and ductility purchased by retail opticians. Under war conditions, lead was widely to steel. Other meta1lurgical uses include DIAMONDS, INDUSTRIAL adopted as a substitute for more critical the manufacture of certain cast-iron and Industrial diamonds are highly useful for metals. It replaced tin in solders, bapbitts, nonferrous alloys. The addition of chro purposes of grinding, polishing, and drilling. bearing metals, foils, and collapsible tubes: mium to cast iron reduces the grain size Without the diamond, satisfactory precision copper, zinc, and iron ~ere replaced in ·cer greatly; increases its resistance to wear · and tools, truing wheels, and wire-drawing dies tain plumbing supplies in the canstruction corrosion, and reduces oxidation at high tem cannot be produced, as no adequate substi of industrial plant and equipment. peratures. Refractory grade, as .crude ore, tutes have been found. Greater need for Normal uses of lead were not disturbed as a plastic cement, and as brick, is used abrasive diamonds was developed in the ·by the war to any extent. These uses in largely in steelmaking furnaces. Chemical manufacture of war materials through the clude storage batteries, castings, bearing ore is used for the production of chromium development of harder metal alloys and the metals; solders, lead wool, cable covering, foil chemicals which are used in tanning leather, need for greater accuracy and higher working pigments, and oxides for paint, pipe metal,. pigments, chromium plating, and other appli- speeds. calking, and lead pipe.. Postwar demand . cations. · _ Greater efficiency has resulted from the has remained strong, . especially for storage A'1 stainless steels contain more than 11 new technique of mechanically setting percent of chromium, some of it as high as batteries, paints, and electrical insulation. stones in core ·bits, reaming shells, and Annual consumption of niore than 500,000 35 percent. There is no known substitute various matrices, particularly powdered for chrome in treating steel and other alloys. tons of lead is expected by the Bureau of metal, plastics, and ceramic bonds. Dia Mines to continue for some years. No satisfactory substitute has been found for mond dust, formerly a waste product, is ·chrome in tanning chrome leather'. added to powdered metal or bonded com MANGANESE COBALT positions to malce abrasive wheels employed About 95 percent of the manganese con The largest use of cobalt is in· stellite al in shaping extremely hal d alloys that have sumed in the United States is used in the loys which are used for high-speed, heavy an essential place in industry. Diamonds steel industry and 5 percent in the manu ·duty, high-temperature cutting and die ma are vitally needed, in adtlit ion to abrasive facture of dry batteries and chemicals. terials. The second largest use of cobalt is uses, because of abrasion-resistant qualities There are no. satisfactory substitutes for in magnets and magnet steels. Other im which make them essential as dies in draw manganese in its important uses, such as portant applications are in high-speed steels ing wires or filaments of copper, tungsten, deoxidizing, desulfurizing, and recarbonizing and other cutting-tool materials, valve steel, and brass, and as atomizers in oil-burning steels. welding rod, and-carbide-type alloys. Small equipment. Manganese, when used in steel making, 1s er quantities of cobalt are employed .fn the GRAPHITE employed chiefly in the form of f-erromanga ceramic industry,in the preparation of driers, Graphite is used in a wide range of prod nese, as an alloying metal, and as a purifying in electroplating, as a catalyst, and for a ucts. Only the· coarser crystalline :varie ·agent. variety of minor uses. Cobalt is an im ties-lump, chip, and flake graphite-are Manganese steel, tough and resistant to portant · constituent in the alloys used in suitable for certain strategic uses. Tbey are abrasion,· is used extensively in the electrical: jet-propulsion gas turbine and turbo-super employed chiefly in the manufacture of · industry·. Compared with ordinary, steel, it crucibles and qther metallurgical equipment, cha17gers. The demand for these products is a much poorer conductor of heat ·and may greatly increa~e the demand for cobalt dry batteries, lubricants, and packings. Na tural "amorphous" graphite is used exten electricity. Manganin, a copper..;manganese iri the future. There are no satisfactory sub nickel alloy, is widely used in heating coils stitutes fdr the metal in its principal uses. sively in carbon brushes, foundry faces, car. washes, pencils and crayo~s. lubricants, and electric-furnaces, owning to its high re COLUMBITE paints, dry batteries, shoe and stove polishes,. sistance to electricity. In steel rails, manga The metallic element columbium is em and many other commodities. nese increases the life of ordinary carbon· ployed in increasing quantity to prevent Artificial "amorphous" graphite is manu steel 5 to 6 times. intergranular corrosion of stainless steel. It factured on a large scale in the United MERCURY 1s important for inhibiting the air-hardening States, and is used chiefly in electrodes for ·property in 4 to 6 percent chromium· steels electric furnaces. It is also used in many The principal wartime uses of mercury in ·of low carbon content. Corrosion-resistant cases in place of the natural product. clude pharmaceuticals, -catalysts in connec steels containing 0.5 to 0.8 percent of colum Graphite, for use as a "moderator" in tion with chemical warfare, fulminate for bium are used in aircraft exhaust systems, slowing down the action of neutrons of detonating high explosives, antifouling paint supercharger systems, and engine parts ex uranium, was a primary material used in re for ship bottoms, dental amalgams, electrical posed to temperatures exceeding 800° F. and search leading to .the constPuction of the apparatus, barometers, gages, other instru subject to severe corrosion or conditions like atom bomb. ments, and calomel for tracer bullets. ly to result in fatigue failures. Crucibles · containing about 50 percent Peacetime uses of mercury ·are the same as COPPER graphite were a wartime necessity in making wartime uses except mercury in tracer bul Copper· is used in hundreds of industries, special casings used in building naval and lets. Additional peacetime uses include but more than cine-third of domestic con merchant vessels and for retorts Used in re mercury employed for agricultural purposes, sumption goes into electrical uses . . Electrical covering secondary zinc. In amalgamation of gold ores, in boilers for industry uses copper in the manufacture of KY ANITE, INDIAN the generation of power, in vermilion pig generators, motors, electric locomotives, The capacity to withstand high tempera ment, in neon lig~ts, and in other applica switchboard, telephone, and telegraphic tures makes kyanite useful as a refractory. tions. equipment, a,nd light and power lines. Most -The metallurgical industries account for A new dry-cell battery using mercury of the remainder is employed by the alloy about half the total kyanite refractories used prov~d of great strategic value during World industry in manufacturing brass, bronze, and in the United States. Kyanite refractories War II and promises to be of grea~ yalue _in other copper alloys that are used ultimately have special properties o.f strategic impor• the current postwar period. Certain· medi 1n building construction, automobile manu tance, particularly the ability to -bear ·higl'l cal · u ses of mercury during the war have facture, ammunition, shipbuilding,-, and a loads at high temperatures and to resist been largely superseded by the substitution wide variety of other purposes. ' · thermal shock. These refractories are made of sulfa drugs, and penicillin. 6482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MICA by industry. The nickel-plating industry re radio tubes: Its light \~!eight and high Mica is a strategic mineral in waging mod quires a substantial·tonnage of nickel metal. strength recommend it for use in aircra~t ern wars because of its unique value as an In high-speed aircraft motors, in Diesel en constr.uction in competition . with both insulator il). all forms of electrical equip gines, and in the moving partS of heavy~duty aluminum and magnesium. · ment and appliances, particularly for air transportation equipment which is of vital SAPPHIRE AND RUBY craft, automob1les, and radio. Increasing importance in mllitary operations nickel steel is of ·first importance. Worn-down parts of During World War n sapph_ires had many application is reported as an insulator ln strategic uses by· the m111tary . . Every bomber electronics equipment; limited application . machinery and equipment are built up by means of nickel plating, The radio industry was equipped with a1in.ost. 100 sapphires in of flawless sheets is made in marine compass various In-struments. A battleship requires dials, boiler gages, and iconoscopes of tele employs rolled nickel in the manufacture 9f vacuum tubes. The alloy kovar, a product of some 4,000 jewel bearings. Jewel bearings vision transmitters. Ma:jor strategic appli the induction furnace, contains nickel-iron are required in a wide range of military in- cations were in· aviation spark plugs, radio cobalt. Its unusual property of expanding . struments, particularly range-finders. and condenser films, and bridges in radio with temperature at t.he same rate as hard Industry employs sapphire bearings · to tubes. glass makes possible permanent, gas-tight combat wear in precision gages, Diesel in The principal strategi£ uses of. sheet mi<:a seals of metal to glass. This property was of jector nozzles, cutting tools, dies for draw are in making radio tubes and in other com major consequence in high-quantity produc ing wire from soft metal, machining tools munication equipment, magneto condl:msers, tion of radio, radar, and other military elec for soft metals, thread guides for textile radar equipment, and ~ir})lane spark plugs. t~onic tubes. mills, barometers, compasses and watches. It is also used in television. About 65 per PLATINUM Sapphire gauges offer closer t<;>~erances and cent of the strategic mica used in 1944 was are of longer life than those-of steel. Syn employed in condensers,· ,tubes, and other During World War II platinum metal was thetic sapphire is used for phonograph utilized in many military and industrial ap ~pplications . i~ radio and radar equipmen~. needles. plications, particularly in the construction PHLOGOPITE SPLI'l"l'INGS of aircraft, shipf?, guns, and tanks, and in the TAI,C, sTEATITE, BLOCK OR LAVA Phlogopite is one of the two varieties of manufacture of various types of instruments, The strategic steatitic lava talc is ·used to commercial sheet mica. (See "Mica.. above.) including numerous electrical and electronic produce fired shapes for radio insulators, as devices and radio equipment required by war grid SI?acers in high-frequency radio trans MONAZITE fare on land, sea, and in the air. Very fine mitters for ships and tanks, and for the Monazite sand ls the only commercial wires are. used for telescope and microscope cores, bushings, and resistors in radio, radar aource. of thorium, cerium, and other rare cross hairs and for electric fuses. and other electronic equipment. . . earth oxides. Cerium and. the cerium- group Platinum and platinum allo:s are vital in The paint industry was one of the leading were essential to many war industr,ies. They the chemical industry ·and are used in the markets for talc during World War II. Talc are employed c~iefiy as fluorides, to stabilize production of strategies, such as explosives is used in paint as an inert extender. Fi the cores of arc carbons of "flaming arc" and electrochemicals. One important use is brous talc used in nonrefiecting paints for lights as stabiliZers, to ln9"ease lighting in as a catalyst. The chemical industry, largely ship camouflage was in critically short sup- tensity in · searchlight cor~s and motion as a consequence of catalytic activity, has ply in 1944. . . picture projectors, as a component of .flash used about 13 percent of the platinum con . The ceramic industry increased require"! light· powder, and for therapeutic lamps. sumed during the past 30 years. ments of powdered talc in 1940 to 18 per These applications accounted for. about 50 Since 1918 the jewelry 1ndustry has taken cent of total output. Ceramic. talc is now. a percent of consumption in 1944. · 60 percent of the platinum used in t~e United standard material for electrical and other .Cerium acetate has important use as a States, particularly for setting gems. Plat porcelains, porcelain enamels, wall and floor waterproof and mildewproof compound. '!he inum is also beaten into foil for use in the tile, and refractories. Talc is also essential cerium group is also essential in the manu decorative arts. Dentistry has used about 9 for certain plastics, and is employed in phar facture of pyrophoric (sparlting) and other percent. Platinum-base alloys are used ln maceuticals, soaps and cleaners, insecticides alloys, chiefly ferrocerium (mix metal) for the finest type of dental restorations, and and polishes. ' · sparking fiints of pocket lighters and other platinum-foil matrices for producing porce TAN;I'ALITE 1gn.ition devices. This application account lain crowns and inlays. · Pure tantallte contains 70 percent of t~ ed for about 25 percent of total consumption Industries during World War II employed talum. Tantalum and tantalum alloy com platinum and platinum alloys for produ~ing in 1944. petes with the diamond and tungsten carbide , In prewar years, 50 percent of cerium· con fiber glass and ·rayon and in a variety of cor rosion-resisting equipment. as the hardest known substances. aumption was for ~re-light electrodes, 25 per Metalllc tantalum is almost indispensable cent for pyrophoric alloys, and the ba,lance QUARTZ CRYSTALS for large. power tubes used in radios, tan for mildewproofing, cer:amics, and miscella Quartz crystals for many years were used talum-nickel and tantalum-tungsten being neous uses. The other major use was in the used In the manufacture of radio and elec manufacture of special optical glassware. I:rincipally in ornaments and in making lenses and prisms ~or some optical instru tronic tube.s and fountain pens. Half the NICKEL ments. Since 1921, however, the most im 1943 consumption was for radlo and elec Of tne total refined nickel delivered in portant use hll,S been in the radio industry. tronic tubes. 1945, about 60 pe.rcent was used by the steel Large ~ quantities in recent years have been Since the war tantalum, · because of its lndustry in the United•States. The industry used in making s-pecial devices to control high melting point, is being used to cover used tt for alloymg metals. Next in volume the wave frequency in electric circuits, ·par- the extemal parts of jet-propulsion engines, of use were the iron and steel and nonferrous ticular1y in telephonic and radio-communi in gas-turbines and for certain furnace devel foundries, manufacturers of. alloys, and .the cations systems, and in such precision opments. el~~troplating and ch~ical industries. instruments as range and direction . finders, Other uses of tantalum include its use aa Low-nickel steels (0,5 to 0.7 percent of sound-detection devices, and selsm9graphs. a catalyst in the manufacture of synthetic Jilickel) are essential in aircraft, automobile, In detection devices, ocean cables, and rubber, and its use in. making. aerial camera and railway construction for. such parts as l~al and long-distance telephone transm1s,.. lenses, corrosion-resistant chemical · equip frames, connecting rods, and. axles. The use sion equipment, quartz crystal makes pos ment. and surgical wire and skull plates. of nickel is required in many types of heavy sible. the simultaneous transmission pf hun TIN .· duty machinery and in construction shapes. dreds of independent messages over the same Tin is one of the most highly strategic of High-nickel steels (7 to 3.5 percent of nickel) wire at the same time. metals because of its many essential uses and · are important in .shipbuilding, chemical ap ·Current uses , of quartz ·crystal 'include the fact that the United .States, which con paratus, fur;nace parts, cooking utensils, raclios, radar, and television. sumes half the world's output, is almost and various other equipment. Precision in RUTILI!: wholly dependent on distant foreign sources struments require high-nickel-steel alloys, of supply. Rutile (Ti0 ) contains 54 to 60 ·percent whlc·h are also essential for controls sub 2 The major use of tin is as a protective jected to electric current and L.igh tempera of titanium. It is the ore of titai).ium metal. During 1943 about 70 percent of rutile was coating for other metals, especially on steel ture. Nickel steels are vital in the manufac in tin plate, from which are formed the tin turing of armor plate, gun forgings, rotating for welding-rod coatings 'and over 29 per cent for alloys. cans in which processed foods and a host of and driving bands in shells, bullet Jackets, other products are packed. and recoil springs. Rutile and brookite have been used in the manufacture of titanium· tetrachloride for In the 5-year perlod just prior to Wodd Many peacetime appUcations of nickel in War II the percentage distt:ibution of the Clude hardware, slide fasteners, and silver making smoke. clouds to cover war move consumption of newly mined tin in the Plated flatware. Nickel .electroplating has ments, and in ceramics. Rutile is employed Unrted States was as follows: tin and terne been resumed since the war, usi:ag thicker in enamels and as a welding flux for use in plate 52 percent; solder, 16 percent,; tubes nickel coatings; particul-ariy for automobiles electric welding. · and foU, 9 percent; babbitt, 6 percent; and trucks. A dense paint having good hiding quality bronze, 5 percent; tinning, 4 percent; and Monel metal (nickel 67 percent; copper 28 results from the use of Ti02 • Strategic other, 8 percent. percent; minor amounts of f~rromanganese, uses of titanium include smoke ·screens, siUcon, and carbon) · is widely employed in bombs, pigments, ferroano·ys, hard-cutting TUNGSTEN shipbuild1ng, for hospital and laundry equip and ot:ner no~-f~rr. 9U!i ·alloys. . M~~~llic .The · military importance of tungsten ls ment, and for a wide range of materials used titanium is essentiai to the manufactur~ of indicated by the fact that during the Sec- 1948 CONGRESSION-AL RECORD-SENATE ond World War it was used in about 15,000 pounds of zirconium, are added to rubber, Nickel: United States, Canada, Cuba, New different types of war items. Tungsten is white leather, and resins; they ar!'l used as a Caledonia, U. S. S. R., Burma. used in tungsten filament in almost .every substitute for zinc in weighting silk, as dye Platinum group metals: electric lamp and electric tube. In the field extenders, water repellents, and catalysts. Iridium: United States (including second of hard alloys, tungsten has essential uses Zircon stones are used, in addition to dia ary),, Canada; United Kingdom, Norway, Co in armor plate, gun barrels, and the cores monds and sapphires, as bearings for in lumbia, U.S.S.R. of small arms and large caliber armor-pierc struments. Platinum: United States (including sec· ing projectiles. Tungsten alloys are em ondary), Canada, Columbia, British Isles, ployed on a large scale in making armor Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I should U.S.S.R., Union of South Africa. plate. like to submit one more list of the same Quartz crystals: Brazil. The chief metallurgical use is in the pro 33 strategic materials, group A, and the Rutile: United States, Brazil, Australia, · duction of high-speed ·tool steels having a sources of supply of such minerals. French Cameroons, India, Nigeria, Norway, tungsten content of 15 to 20 percent. High This lists in the case of each mineral Sapphire and ruby: United States, Switzer ~ungsten steel is used in the manufacture of and material the foreign nation where land. valve seats for internal combustion engines, is Talc, steatite (block ot lava) : - United for valves, and permanent magnets, and for it available, and which is included in States, India, Manchuria, Italy. razor blades, knife blades, hack saws, files, our source of supply at this time. Tantallte: United States, Brazil, Belgian drills, and many other products. There being no· objection, the list was· Congo, British East Africa, Netherlands, Aus· Other tungsten alloys are employed in the ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as tralia, South Rhodesia. filaments of radio tubes, electrical-contact follows: · Tin: British Malaya, Netherlands East In points, and electrodes. GROUP "A" LIST OF STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL dies, Bolivia, Belgian Congo, Nigeria, China, VANADIUM .MINERALS AND THE SOURCES OF SUPPLY OF Thailand, Portugal, United States (sec.) Vanadium is used chiefly as an alloying SUCH .MATERIALS Tungsten: United States, Mexico, Brazil, metal in the steel industry, where it 1m Antimony: Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Netherlands East parts toughness, .hardness, strength, and Mexico, China, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Indies, China, Burma, Chosen, Portugal. fatigue resistance to allo>' steels. More than Turkey, Algeria, Australia, United States, Vanadium: United States, Mexico, Peru, 60 percent of total vanadium consumption Italy. · Argentine, Union of South Mrica, North in 1942 was in tool steel. Chromium-vana Asbestos: Rhodesian chrysotile, South Rhodesia. dium steel is widely used in ordnance as well Rhodesia; South African amosite, Union of Zinc: United States, Canada, Newfound· as in railway, bus, and truck parts because South Africa. · . land, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru, France, of its resistance to failure from fatigue. Bauxite: United States, British Guiana, Belgium, Belgian Congo, Great Britain, Ger Vanadium is mixed with other metals in Surinam, Hungary, France, Union of Soviet many, Poland, Australia, U. S. S. R. alloys used for aircraft bushings, ship pro Socialist Republics, Greece, Italy, Yugo Zirconium ores: pellers, dr1lls, excavating machinery, various slavia, Netherlands Indies, Malaya. Baddeleyite: Brazil. ~,. -. tools, and surgical instruments. A minor Beryl: .United States, Argentina, Brazil, Zircon: United States,. Brazil, Australla, quantity of vanadium is used as a catalyst Australia, India, Union of South Africa. India. in making certain organic chemicals. Other Portugal. uses are in the glass, ceramic, and color in Bismuth: United States,· Canada, Mexico, Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I sug dustries. Peru. gest that it will be realized immediately, ZINC Cadmium: United States, Mexico, Canada, from an inspection of the list of foreign Strategic uses of zinc include the coating Austr~lia, Germany, France, Belgium, Bel sources of these indispensable minerals, of steel, manufacture of brass, zinc-alloy die gian Congo, Argentina. that the expense and danger in keeping castings, and rolled zinc. During World War Celestite: United States, Mexico, British the necessary sea lanes open in time of II major uses were in making brass and Isles, Spain. emergency is almost prohibitive. _ bronze products for galvanizing, and die cast C!lromite: Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I should ing, in zinc oxide, and in dry batteries for Metallurgical-United States, French like to ask the Senator from Nevada a radios and flashlights. Oceana, South Rhodesia, India, Turkey, Union The galvanizing industry in prewar years o:Z South Africa, New Caledonia, Canada, question. From my service with him on was the major consumer of zinc. The sec Cuba, Union of Soviet Sociallst Republics. the Committee on Public Works I ·know ond largest consumption normally _is for Refractpry Rhodesian: South Rhodesia. the' great amount of time he has been brass and castings, followed by uses of rolled · Other origin: Cuba, Ph111ppines, India, giving to the subject he has been dis zinc. · Union of South Africa, Greece. cussing. I know also that there is prob.:. Zinc oxide "is indispensable as a filler in Cobalt: United States, Canada, Germany, ably no one else in the Senate who has compounding rubber and in the manufac Finland, Belgian Congo, French Morocco, the engineering background to make this ture of glass. Zinc paint is one of the most North Rhodesia, Burma. study. It is my opinion that it·has been durable of surface finishes. Increased'use of Columbite: Nigeria, Brazil, South Africa, zinc oxide; is occurring as a pigment in the Argentina. done practically single handed by the manufacture of paint, floor coverings, ce Copper: United States, United States (sec .able and ·distinguished Senator from ramics, and other materials. It is also an ondary), Chile, Mexico, Canada,· Rhodesia, Nevada. · I am not very well qualified, important pharmaceutical compound. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Peru. because of my lack of technical knowl ZIRCONIUM Corundum: Union of South Africa, South edge, to question the Senator, but I Zirconium was widely used in steel for Rhodesia. should like to ask him upon what ground war materials. During the war the metal Diamonds, in(fustrial: Belgium, Belgian he believes that this program of pay was employed for fabricating wire used in Congo, British Isles, Union of South Africa, ments he has spoken of so ably would the manufacture of radio tubes, for zir Netherlands, Gold Coast, Canada, Brazil. stimulate and bring about the production conium-silicon and zirconium-ferrosilicon in Graphite: of the important and essential strategic the steel industry, and as sheet metal for the Amorphous lump: Ceylon. materials he has mentioned. manufacture of spinneret cups for rayon. Flake: Madagascar, United St ates. The corrosive-resistant properties of ductile Kyanite, Indian: India. ·Mr. MALONE. I thank the Senator zirconium make it useful in electronic tubes, Lead: United States, United States (sec fl_'om Kentucky. My reason for believing lamp filaments and welding rods in spot ondary), Canada, Mexico, Peru, Australia, that it will stimulate production is that welding. Germany, Belgium, Italy. the lack of pro'duction has been occa As an alloy, zirconium increases the Manganese ore: United States. sioned by lack of stability of unit prices. strength of copper by the addition of 7 per Battery grade: French Morocco, Gold Coast, In other words, with labor costing $8 or cent of the metal, and it improves the India, Union of South Africa. $10 a day in the mining industry, we are high-temperature conductivity and tensile Metallurgical grade: United States, Cuba, competing directly, without tariff or im strength of cast nickel-copper alloys. Metal Mexico, Brazil, Union of Soviet Socialist Re lic zirconium is used in the manufacture of publics, Gold Coast, Inuia, Union of South port fees, with 40- or 50-cent a day labor ammunition primers, electrodes, and radio- Africa. · in China on tungsten, and $1.50 to $2 transmitter tubes. · Mercury: United States, Mexico, Canada, labor in Spain on mercury, with similar In the production of steel ferro-zirconium Chile, Italy, Spain, U. S. S. R. _comparative . costs of other metals in is used ·as an agent to remove oxygen, nitro Mica: · the low-wage competitive countries. In gen, and nonmetallic impurities. Some al Muscovite block and film (good, stained, other words, it is impossible for our loys of zirconium and nickel may be sub and better): United States, Canada, Argen producers to compete with the lower stituted for tungsten in armor-piercing bul tina, Brazil, India. lets and in cutting tools. Muscovite splittings: India. wage-living costs in competitive foreign Zircon, which is a zirconium ore, is used Phlogopite splitting_s: _ C_anada, Mexico, nations. · Practically all of these min in the ·glass and porcelain industry, and for India. · e}.'als are produced -in one or more ~f - the refractorfes. It is> also 'used as sand for Monazite: Brazil, British· Isles, -Netherland lower living ·standard foreign nations, foundry operations. Oxides, and other com- East Indies, I_ndia. and of course · the labor and costs of 6484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD___;SENATE MAY 26 lhining being lower, it is impossible for SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Maj. Gen. Jolin . Lesesne DeWitt, 0742, producers here to compete. United States Army, retired. The Chief Clerk read the nomination Col. Troy Houston Middleton, 03476, United The proposed legislation makes up the of Paul R. Rowen to be. a member of States Army, retired. difference to a reasonable degree, so that the Securities and Exchange Commission. Maj. Gen. Eugene Reybold, 02448, United a private investor or prospector who is. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With States Army, retired. spending his time and money looking for out objection, the nomination is con Maj. Gen. Wilhelm Delp Styer, 04415, mines, or engineers and developers, can firmed. United States Army, retired. _ be reasonably assured that if they do THE ARMY Brig. Gen. Leslie Richard Groves, 012043, . find a mine they can sell the minerals for United States Army, retired . enough to pay the labor, including the The Chief Clerk proceeded to read Lt. Gen. Raymond Albert Wheeler, 03064, costs of mining, and secure a reasonable sundry nominations in the Army. Army of the United States, Chief of Engi return. Mr. WHERRY. I ask unanimous con neers (major general, U.S. Army). The following-named officers for appoint Mr. COOPER. I hope the Govern sent that the nominations· in the Army be confirmed en bloc. ment to the positions indicated under the . ment and the Senate will give to the bill provisions of section 504 of the Officer Per the consideration which the Senator's The PRESIDING OFFICER. With sonriel Act of 1947: long work and study of this problem de out objection, the nominations are con Gen. Lucius DuBig:non (nay, 09318, Army serve. firmed en bloc. of the United States (major general, U. s. Mr. MALONE. I thank the Senator THE AIR FORCE Army), to be Commander in Chief and Mili from Kentucky. tary Governor, United States Zone Germany The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sun with the rank of general. ' ' - EXECUTIVE SESSION dry nominations in the Air Force. Lt. Gen. Clarence Ralph Huebner, 04552, Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I move Mr. WHERRY. l ask unanimous con Army of the United States (major general, that the Senate proceed to the considera-. sent that the nominations be confirmed U. S. Army), to be Deputy Commander 1n en bloc. Chief, United States Zone, Germany, and tion of executive business. Commanding General, United States Army, The motion was agreed to, and the THE MARINE CORPS Europe, with the rank of lieutenant general. Senate proceeded to the consideration of The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sun Lt. Gen. Willis Dale Crittenberger, 03548, executive business. dry nominations in the Marine. Corps. Army of the United States (major general, EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED U: S. Army), to be Senior United States Army Mr. WHERRY. I ask unanimous con-. member of the military staff committee of The PR~SIDING OFFICER (Mr. -sent that the nominations be confirmed the United Nations with the rank .of lieu~ EcToN ,in (tlie chair) laid before the eli bloc. tenant general, vice Lt. Gen. Matthew Senate messages· from the President of The PRESIDING OFFICER. With Bunker Ridgway. the United States submitting sundry out objection, the nominations are con The :following-named officers for appoint nominations, wNch were referred to the firmed en bloc. ment in the Regular Army of the United States to the -grades indicated under the appropriate committees. THE NAVY provisions of title V of the Officer Personnel