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Girl Power

BASELINE SURVEY REPORT Table of Contents

Page No

1 Executive Summary 01

2 Introduction 02 3 Data Collection & Its 03-04 Processing Methods 4 Alignment with SDGs 05

5 Baseline Data Analysis 06-141

South Chotangpur Division 08-47 Gumla 09-21 Khunti 22-34 Ranchi 35-47

North Chotanagpur Division 48-80 Hazaribagh 49-67 Koderma 68-80

Santhal Pargana Division 81-107 Dumka 82-94 Deoghar 95-107

Kolhan Division 108-141 Seraikela Kharsawan 109-121 West Singbhum 122-128 East Singbhum 129-141

6 Selection of Sectors/Products 142-148 List of Tables P a g e N o

Table 1: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Kamdara 11 Table 2: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Basia 17 Table 3: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Torpa 24 Table 4: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Khunti 30 Table 5: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Bero 37 Table 6: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Silli 43 Table 7: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Bishnugarh 51 Table 8: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Katkamdag 57 Table 9: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Churchu 63 Table 10: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Domchanch 70 Table 11: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Jhumri Telaiya 76 Table 12: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Jarmundi 84 Table 13: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Dumka 90 Table 14: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Madhupur 97 Table 15: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Devipur 103 Table 16: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Rajnagar 111 Table 17: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Ichagarh 117 Table 18: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Noamundi 124 Table 19: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Mango 131 Table 20: Assessment of Entrepreneurial activities in Golmuri 137 List of Graphs Kamdara Figure 1.1: Availability of raw materials in Kamdara...... 12 Figure 1.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 12 Figure 1.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Kamdara...... 13 Figure 1.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 13 Figure 1.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 13 Figure 1.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 14 Figure 1.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 14 Basia

Figure 2.1: Availability of raw materials in Basia...... 18 Figure 2.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 18 Figure 2.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Basia...... 19 Figure 2.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 19 Figure 2.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 19 Figure 2.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 20 Figure 2.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 20

Torpa

Figure 3.1: Availability of raw materials in Torpa...... 25 Figure 3.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 25 Figure 3.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Torpa...... 26 Figure 3.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 26 Figure 3.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 26 Figure 3.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 27 Figure 3.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 27

Khunti

Figure 4.1: Availability of raw materials in Khunti...... 31 Figure 4.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 31 Figure 4.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Khunti...... 32 Figure 4.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 32 Figure 4.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 32 Figure 4.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 33 Figure 4.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents ...... 33

Bero Figure 5.1: Availability of raw materials in Bero...... 38 Figure 5.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 38 Figure 5.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Bero...... 39 Figure 5.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 39 Figure 5.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 39 Figure 5.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 40 Figure 5.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 40

Silli Figure 6.1: Availability of raw materials in Silli...... 44 Figure 6.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 44 Figure 6.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Silli...... 45 Figure 6.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 45 Figure 6.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 45 Figure 6.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 46 Figure 6.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 46 Bishnugarh Figure 7.1: Availability of raw materials in Bishnugarh...... 52 Figure 7.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 52 Figure 7.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Bishnugarh...... 52 Figure 7.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 53 Figure 7.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 53 Figure 7.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 53 Figure 7.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 54

List of Graphs P a g e N o Katkamdag

Figure 8.1: Availability of raw materials in Katkamdag...... 58 Figure 8.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 58 Figure 8.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Katkamdag...... 58 Figure 8.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 59 Figure 8.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 59 Figure 8.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 59 Figure 8.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 60

Churchu Figure 9.1: Availability of raw materials in Churchu...... 64 Figure 9.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 64 Figure 9.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Churchu...... 64 Figure 9.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 65 Figure 9.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 65 Figure 9.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 65 Figure 9.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 65

Domchanch Figure 10.1: Availability of raw materials in Domchanch...... 71 Figure 10.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 71 Figure 10.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Domchanch...... 72 Figure 10.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 72 Figure 10.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 72 Figure 10.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 73 Figure 10.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents ...... 73 Jhumri Telaiya Figure 11.1: Availability of raw materials in Jhumri Telaiya...... 77 Figure 11.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 77 Figure 11.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Jhumri Telaiya...... 78 Figure 11.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 78 Figure 11.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 78 Figure 11.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 79 Figure 11.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 79 Jarmundi Figure 12.1: Availability of raw materials in Jarmundi...... 85 Figure 12.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 85 Figure 12.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Jarmundi...... 86 Figure 12.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 86 Figure 12.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 86 Figure 12.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 87 Figure 12.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 87

Dumka Figure 13.1: Availability of raw materials in Dumka...... 91 Figure 13.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 91 Figure 13.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Dumka...... 92 Figure 13.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 92 Figure 13.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 92 Figure 13.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 93 Figure 13.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 93

Page No List of Graphs Madhupur Figure 14.1: Availability of raw materials in Madhupur...... 98 Figure 14.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 98 Figure 14.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Madhupur...... 99 Figure 14.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 99 Figure 14.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 99 Figure 14.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 100 Figure 14.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 100

Devipur Figure 15.1: Availability of raw materials in Devipur...... 104 Figure 15.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 104 Figure 15.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Devipur...... 105 Figure 15.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 105 Figure 15.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 105 Figure 15.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 106 Figure 15.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 106

Rajnagar Figure 16.1: Availability of raw materials in Rajnagar...... 112 Figure 16.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 112 Figure 16.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Rajnagar...... 113 Figure 16.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 113 Figure 16.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 113 Figure 16.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 114 Figure 16.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 114

Ichagarh Figure 17.1: Availability of raw materials in Ichagarh...... 118 Figure 17.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 118 Figure 17.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Ichagarh...... 119 Figure 17.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 119 Figure 17.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 119 Figure 17.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 120 Figure 17.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 120

Noamundi Figure 18.1: Availability of raw materials in Noamundi...... 125 Figure 18.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 125 Figure 18.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Noamundi...... 126 Figure 18.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 126 Figure 18.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 126 Figure 18.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 127 Figure 18.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 127

Mango Figure 19.1: Availability of raw materials in Mango...... 132 Figure 19.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 132 Figure 19.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Mango...... 133 Figure 19.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 133 Figure 19.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 133 Figure 19.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 134 Figure 19.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 134

Golmuri Figure 20.1: Availability of raw materials in Golmuri...... 138 Figure 20.2: Requirement for making products as per market standards...... 138 Figure 20.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Golmuri...... 139 Figure 20.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise...... 139 Figure 20.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products...... 139 Figure 20.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms...... 140 Figure 20.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents...... 140 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The objective of the “GIRL POWER” project is to strengthen the ability of Indian Civil Society and its organizations to perform their role as independent agents of change, implementing actions that bring transformative change into the lives of women and girls. This report documents baseline data from a survey conducted in 10 districts of Jharkhand, on a range of related indicators on education, livelihoods, entrepreneurship & environment sustainability.

The project offers to promote entrepreneurship through network building, capacity building, market connect, skill building & policy dialogues for women between the ages of 15–49.The purpose of this report is to present results from the survey in ways that can inform the design and implementation of the project. The survey covered women 15–49 years of age living in the catchment area of 20 blocks in 10 districts. The report documents important ways in which the study districts vary from each other in the pattern of education, livelihoods, availability of raw materials, potential for entrepreneurship, current entrepreneurial activities & market access & environment sustainability.

Overall the study area comprised of 50% tribal population. The literacy rate of respondents is around 67%. A large portion 60% of respondents are involved in agriculture for their livelihoods, the landholding size range between 0.5 decimal to 5 acres. The crops cultivated in the districts are paddy, wheat, maize, other millets, oilseeds, pulses & vegetables of which 44% of the population is dependent on agriculture as their primary source of income. 10% respondents work as labour (skill & wage) within or nearby villages. In case of livestock rearing it was seen that 30% respondents rear goat and poultry farming.

There is an abundant availability of forest produce in the area, as nearly 30% of the intervention districts are covered with forests. The forest produce includes lac, bamboo, tamarind, leaf and others in which the respondents are already involved. The potential sectors which the respondents think are feasible in the districts are handicrafts, vegetable cultivation, mushroom, organic farming, leaf & paper items, candle & incense stick making & beauty parlour.

There is accessibility of smart phones by 50% of the respondents, but only 10% are capable & comfortable doing digital transactions. 30% of the respondents are already involved in small entrepreneurial activities of agricultural & non agricultural produce. The major obstacles faced by women for marketing is firstly lack of knowledge on the enterprise they are running, secondly distance of village to the market and thirdly hiked transportation price. In terms of environmental sustainability 40% of the respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, for non-biodegradable waste there is general practice of burning & throwing the waste.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 2

INTRODUCTION

Jharkhand is one of the poorest states in India. Created in 2000, Jharkhand has 39.1% poverty headcount and a gross state domestic product of (GSDP) of US$589 (2010-11). The state boasts a population of 33 million, of which 76% is rural and the share of vulnerable groups is high at 12% Scheduled Castes and 26% Scheduled Tribes. Within this context, the effective literacy rate for Jharkhand in Census 2011, works out to 67.63 percent with corresponding figures for males and females being 78.45 and 56.21 respectively, with at least 10 districts being below 50%. The population is also very young: adolescents and youth (ages 10-24) constitute 31% of the total population. It is estimated that 56 % of young women (ages 15-24) are neither engaged in education, nor in employment nor training. This is further accentuated by lacks in female education. It is estimated that beyond schooling, only 8% of young women age 18-24 ever participated in some form of training, and less than 0.1% had secured a vocational training diploma. Given the above situation, CSOs in Jharkhand which are primarily focused on more tribal rights-based approach need to be equipped to provide skill building and social opportunities for development of women.

Given the above context, the gaps in educational status in girls, mainly due to marriage and domestic pressures, have contributed to fewer opportunities. Within the larger context of social entrepreneurship, Jharkhand has limited success in creating women based social entrepreneurship. First, the above lack of education has been a major barrier. Secondly, there is a lack of supportive ecosystems that can enable women to become social entrepreneurs. Most CSOs in Jharkhand are pan Indian CSOs which focus on providing employment opportunities rather than instilling the spirit of entrepreneurship. As a result, local CSOs in Jharkhand are not equipped to train and educate these women on social entrepreneurship. That is why this project takes a two-pronged approach to educate and support CSOs in the developmental process while supporting women to become independent and assert their rights.

The broader activities that will be covered under the project are as follows: 5,000 women and girls trained 1,000 women social entrepreneurs 20 Market Connect offices and 10 entrepreneur support centers Marketing Shows, Showcase Events Network of 100 CSOs Web Portal for showcasing women’s products Dialogue between women and policymakers Skill Certificate Courses for women

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 3

DATA COLLECTION

&

IT'S PROCESSING METHODS 4

Sampling method, one of the important factors, determines the correctness of survey results. There are many ways of drawing survey samples depending upon the need and situation. Survey results get distorted if anything goes wrong in selecting samples. Mobile based software was implemented for data collection of each district. 5,000 women respondents were interviewed. The objectives of this mobile based survey were to fill data gaps, generate recent databased evidences, derive better insights and facilitate informed decisions. Sampling methods used for the survey are given in detail in this article.

STUDY AREA The baseline survey was carried out with 5000 women in 10 districts of Jharkhand covering 20 blocks in all zones. There are 4 divisons in the state of Jharkhand namely North Chotanagpur, South Chotanagpur, Kolhan & Santhal Pargana.The districts have been finalized on the basis of following parameters : 1. Presence of marginalized groups. 2. Equally dispersed across the major zones of the state. 3. Presence of supporting institutions. 4. Market Networks 5. Women Entrepreneurs 6. Strong grassroots institutions

QUESTIONNAIRE

For baseline study the questionnaire for individual survey has been designed keeping in view the aspects to be covered under the project The questionnaire has been divided into four sections, basic information& demographics, potential for entrepreneurship, current entrepreneurial activities & market access & environment sustainability. For collection of data, the KoBo Collect software has been used.

KoBo Collect

It is an Android app that is used in survey-based data gathering. It supports a wide range of question and answers types, and is designed to work well without network connectivity. KoBo Collect renders forms into a sequence of input prompts. Users work through the prompts and can save the submission at any point. Finalized submissions can be sent to a server. Collect supports location, audio, images, video, barcodes, signatures, multiple-choice, free text, and numeric answers.

TRAINING Training was conducted before baseline study on how to collect data through KoBo Collect. Training program was conducted in each block where the importance of data collection, use of technology in data collection was focused upon. One day practical was also organized at field level for the field staff to get acquainted to the new technology for data collection. Orientation on questionnaire was given to Community Resource Persons who are engaged for collection of data . Importance of each question was discussed. BASELINE REPORT | 2020 5

Alignment with SDGs

The 17 goals adopted by all UN member states in 2015, is a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives of people everywhere. The goals were set out as a part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development setting out a 15- year plan to achieve them.

Girl Power believes in achieving a better and sustainable future for all, by aligning the project activities as per Sustainable Development Goals established by United Nations.

Promoting No Poverty Gender Equality The project through its multipronged interventions Fostering a positive support base for women social around skill development, entrepreneur support entrepreneurs. Empowering women and girls groups, market connect, network formation and through their enterprises to be independent and policy dialogues will enable women to engage in aware of their rights. Girl Power aims at the formal economy and move to a higher growth improvement in the lives of women and girls and income trajectory. through gender empowerment and decision making both at the household and at the societal level.

Decent Work & Climate Action

Economic Growth The project focuses on goods and services created by The project is working on developing a women and girls made from locally available standard online marketplace for women materials and will adhere to sustainable production social entrepreneurs, an ecommerce site to practices. The project will focus on sustainable production of goods and services – efforts will made provide ready access for their goods and to also teach women and girls to produce goods and services produced. provide services by making use of recycling and reusing existing materials

Partnership for the Goals

Engaging in policy dialogue with policy makers, CSOs, women led entrepreneurs for fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Ecosystem building of the project by way of networking with larger groups does intent in improving and recognizing work of the CSOs in their work areas related to skill building for women and girls. It also intends to improve the local policies and strategies related to gender and governance. Along with CSOs, increased synergies with the elected legislators of the state leading to a wider impact of replication to other parts of the country would lead to the larger goal of the project. 6

BASELINE DATA ANALYSIS 7 PROJECT DIVISIONS 8

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Girl Power

SOUTH CHOTANAGPUR DIVISION 9 GUMLA

Blessed with nature’s beauty, the district of Gumla is covered by dense forests, hills and rivers. It is situated in the southwest portion of the Jharkhand State. The District was carved out of Ranchi District on 18th May 1983. Previously it was a sub-division of old Ranchi district. Important forest products are Saal seeds, Kokun, Lac, Tendu leaves, Karanj, Chiraunji etc. The major trees are sal sseds, gamhar, jackfruit, gooseberry, mango, bamboo , and neem.

The main economy of the district depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, mining activities and other commercial activities. Agriculture is 23.04°N,84.5379°E in very primitive stage in rural area due to lack of irrigation facilities, scientific inputs, marketing, 1,025,213 infrastructure etc. Statistic shows that out of 3.296 lakh 5327 SQ. KM hectare of cultivable land only 22,056 hectares of land is irrigated. Therefore agriculture is mainly dependent on 1000-1100 MM rain. The main commercial activities are based on agriculture and forest products .The farmers mainly sale paddy, vegetables, pulses and produces based on forest products.

Blocks Covered:

Kamdara, Basia 68% 27% 64% Panchayats Surveyed: Kamdara: Rampur, Ramtolya, Redwa, Kamdara, Ramla, Tribal Forest Cover Literacy Rate Kulburu,Surhu,Salegutu Population Basia: Kalinga, Morenga, Basia, Konbir, Arya

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 10 Results & Discussion: Kamdara

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

250 8 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

125 Primary

100 Middle

75 Secondary

Higher Secondary 50

Graduate or above 25

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 74% married 0 20 40 60 80

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification

Not working 4% Wage Labour 6% 72% have Agricultural land Students 8.8% Farmer 45.8% PVT Service Primary 4.8% Occupation 94% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 26.1%

46% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 11 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the five most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, computer data operator, flour milling, organic farming, dairy & fishery.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 12 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

Kamdara block is rich with NTFP and agriculture produce. In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 1.1, the top 4 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, Vegetable, Fruits & leaf.

Mushroom The block has the presence of a well established 4.5% KVIC, related to animal husbandry, which has

Bamboo Wood benefitted 5.6% of the respondents from their 31.7% Vegetable schemes. All the respondents agreed that they 26.3% were not capable of making quality products as Availability per the market standards. When questioned about of raw materials the requirements to make products according to the market standards, 49.3% of the respondents Jute require technical training on making the product. 1% 18.2% require knowledge on raw material quality Any Fruits Any other leaf assessment and 16.5% require knowledge about 16.4% Coconut 15.5% the packaging their products as shown in figure 1.2% 1.2. Figure 1.1: Availability of raw materials in Kamdara Others Skill Labour 2.6% 13.4%

None of the respondents have ever received skill building trainings from government or any other agency. 28% of the respondents Quality of Raw Material Training require training on designing of products, 18.2% 49.3% 28% on manufacturing practices, 18% on finance management and 05% on marketing techniques.

Packaging 16.5%

Figure 1.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard

Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they are unaware of its usage. The smart phone is usually operated either by the husband or children. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode for their payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 13 Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority of the women in area are involved in agricultural activities and hence involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises. The agricultural produce is sold by 46% of women in nearby markets. 40% run non agricultural enterprises, 4% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 25 50 75 100 125 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 1.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Kamdara Figure 1.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

200 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the 150 need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 1.4. 65% of women don’t have access to financial 100 resources, 61% believe that their products have less demand and 24% do not have 50 knowledge about the markets for selling their products.

0 The major obstacles faced by women for t e e s r e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t marketing is the lack of enterprise a l b O n w o m o o r o ti p knowledge operated by them, the distance t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n of their village to market and seasonal a p k so t s c a is n a e problems. D ra L S T

Figure 1.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 14 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

With the current COVID situation, the preferential Amazon mode of purchasing goods and services has shifted from physical to online. The respondents were Flipkart asked about what are the online platforms they are Swiggy aware of being operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge e-NAM about is Flipkart, Amazon & Mahila e-Haat.

PayTM Every respondent’s household has a smartphone, Jio Mart 80% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Mahila e-Haat Twitter, but only 2% of women are using these

0 50 100 150 200 platforms.

Figure 1.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability It was observed that there is a general practice of 125 discarding away the vegetable waste. 35% in Basia and 29% in Kamdara discard vegetable left overs. 100 29% of the total respondents in both blocks give the vegetable residue as fodder to their animals. Only 75 23% of the women utilize it on making compost. 50 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it. For higher 25 agricultural productivity, the farmers in the area use

chemical fertilizers and only 7% of the total women 0 still practice organic farming. The women practicing t s k y w rs o c a o e p to w n h organic farming have large number of livestock at s A k t m e o v n ’t O C i w n their households, which suffices the manure L o o g o r D in t h k n T requirement of the landholding. Therefore, the a e M iv practice continues in those households. G

Figure 1.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 15 Conclusion: Kamdara Block

Literacy Rate

Literacy level among women is high in the block, 92% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

46% of the respondents are involved in the agricultural activities. 20% were involved in entrepreneurial activities.

Existing enterprises

46% Agricultural (selling their produce), 40% Non Agricultural (selling NTFP) 5% selling & processing agricultural by products

Raw material availability

32% Bamboo, 26% vegetable production,16% fruit, 15% leaf, 5% mushroom, 1% jute & silk

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

28% Designing of Products, 26% Manufacturing Practices, 18% Finance Management, 5% Marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

35% lack of finance, 33% lack of demand,13% lack of market information

Digital platforms

80% women know about social media platforms 50% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

50% of the respondents give the vegetable residue to animals & the remaining discard them away. Non biodegradable waste is generally burnt in the area.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 16 Results & Discussion: Basia

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

254 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

125 Primary

100 Middle

75 Secondary

Higher Secondary 50

Graduate or above 25

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 60% married

Farmer 26.8%

44% have Agricultural land

Any other Primary 50% Occupation

94% Households are Electrified Homemaker 13.4%

PVT Service Students 0.2% 7.9%

59% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 17 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, fishery and computer data operator.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 18 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 2.1, the top 4 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, Vegetable, Fruits & leaf.

Honey Vegetable 0.2% The respondents did not have an idea about the 13.4% presence of Khadi & Village Industries Commission in their block, hence all of them negated of being able to use schemes of KVIC. All Any Fruits Availability the respondents mentioned that they are not 15.7% Bamboo Wood of 50.4% capable of making quality products as per market raw materials standards. When questioned about the requirements to make products according to the market standards, 46% require technical training Any other leaf 17.9% on making the product. 43% require knowledge Jute about the packaging their products and 10% 0.6% require knowledge on raw material quality assessment as shown in figure 2.2. Figure 2.1: Availability of raw materials in Basia

Quality of Raw Material 10%

None of the respondents have ever received skill building trainings from government or any other agency. 61% of the respondents Training 45.8% require training on designing of products, 58% on manufacturing practices, 10% on finance management and 6% on marketing Packaging techniques. 43.4%

Figure 2.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they are unaware of its usage. The smart phone is usually operated either by the husband or children. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode for their payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 19

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority of the women in area are involved in agricultural activities and hence involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises. The agricultural produce is sold by 63% of women in nearby markets. 20% women are involved in services which includes selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicine, etc. 13% are involved in non agricultural enterprises, 5% of women are providing professional services like tutor, mason, midwife.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand Lack of Inputs Agricultural By-products Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity

Any other service Lack of trained employees

Cost of hiring new employees Professional services Legal registration Small enterprises Poor quality roads

Others Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200 250

Figure 2.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Basia Figure 2.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

150

There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the 100 need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 2.4. 51% believe that their products have less 50 demand, 35% have faced financial constraint, 5% women responded that the roads are rough due to which they are not able to go to the markets. 0 t e e s r e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t The major obstacles faced by women for a l b O n w o m o o r o ti p marketing is the distance to market, high t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n transportation price and lack of a p k so t s c a is n a e knowledge. D ra L S T

Figure 2.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 20 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of being Amazon operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge about is Flipkart Flipkart, Amazon & Mahila e-Haat.

Every respondent’s household has a smart phone, Swiggy 80% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% of women are using e-NAM these platforms.

0 25 50 75 100 125

Figure 2.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

150 35% of the respondents in Basia throw vegetable waste, 29% of the respondents in the block give the vegetable residue to their animals as fodder. Only 100 23% of the women use it on making compost. 50

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it. For higher 0 st k y w o c a o agricultural productivity, the farmers in the area use p to w n s A k m e o v n ’t chemical fertilizers and only 7% of the total women C i w n L o o g o r D in t h still practice organic farming. The women practicing k n T a e M iv organic farming have large number of livestock at G their households, which suffices the manure requirement of the landholding. Therefore, the Figure 2.7: Use of vegetable waste by practice continues in those households. respondents

Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 21 Conclusion: Basia Block

Literacy Rate

Literacy level among women is high in the block, 90% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

50% of the respondents are involved in the agricultural activities. 10% were involved in entrepreneurial activities.

Existing enterprises

45% Agricultural (selling their produce),25% Non Agricultural (selling NTFP),2% selling & processing agricultural by products

Raw material availability

50% Bamboo,18% leaf , 15% fruits , 13% vegetable

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

61% Designing of Products, 58% Manufacturing Practices, 10% Finance Management, 6% Marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

35% lack of finance, 33% lack of demand,13% lack of market information

Digital platforms

80% women know about social media platforms 50% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

29% of the respondents give the vegetable residue to animals & the remaining discard them away. Non biodegradable waste is generally burnt in the area.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 22 KHUNTI

Khunti earlier was a sub-division of Ranchi district and came into existence on 12.9.07 as the 23rd district of Jharkhand. Part of the South Chotanagpur Commissionary, Khunti is a district with six blocks, situated around 40 kms, south of the state capital, Ranchi. A village of Khunti district, under Arki block namely Ulihatu, is the birthplace of the “Dharti Aaba” of Jharkhand Bhagwan Birsa Munda.

The district has pleasant climate, forests, hills and a 23.0798°N,85.2774°E number of beautiful waterfalls.Timber and firewood are the major forest produce. Kendu leaf, Lac, Myrobalans 531,885 (amla, harre and bahera), Bamboos, Sabai, Kend and 2611 SQ. KM Mahua are also found in this region.Majority of the population is dependent on agriculture and forests for 1000-1100 MM their livelihood. The area is famous for the Lac cultivation. A large part of the India's total lac production comes from this area.

Blocks Covered:

Khunti, Torpa 74% 40% 64% Panchayats Surveyed: Torpa: Barkuli, Dorma, Husir, Jariya,Marcha, Soundari,Torpa Tribal Forest Cover Literacy Rate Khunti: Anigara,Barudih,khunti Population

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 23 Results & Discussion: Torpa

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

232 8 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

125 Primary

100 Middle

Secondary 75 Higher Secondary

50 Graduate or above

25 Never went to school

Item 7 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 51% married

Not working Farmer 5.2% 12.9%

63% have Agricultural land Wage Labour 4.3%

Student Primary 40.1% Occupation Self Employed 14.2% 91% Households are Electrified

PVT Service 3.9%

Homemaker 15.9%

66% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 24 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, it can be inferred that the respondents are majorly inclined towards activities such as Dairy, livestock rearing, beauty parlour, flour milling.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 25 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 3.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Vegetable, Bamboo, leaf, fruits & arecanut.

Others 4% of the respondents have knowledge of the Honey 0.4% Bamboo Wood presence of KVIC in their nearby area, but not 7% 18.3% much is known about it and none have taken benefits from their schemes. 96% agreed that

Vegetable Jute they are not capable of making quality products 18.9% 4.6% Availability as per the market standards. When inquired of Silk about the requirements to make products raw materials 5.6% according to the market standards, 28% require Arecanut technical training on making the product.20% 7.2% Any Fruits require knowledge on raw material quality 13.6% assessment and 24% skill labour, 25% requires Any other leaf Coconut 14.4% knowledge about the packaging their products . 6.5%

Figure 3.1: Availability of raw materials in Torpa Others 0.9%

Skill Labour Training 16% respondents have received skill building 24.7% 28.2% trainings on record keeping, community participation and communication from government or a private agency. 67% of the respondents require training on manufacturing practices, 52% on testing & quality control, 40% on project reporting, Quality of Raw Material 36% on marketing techniques & 28% on 20.7% Packaging finance management. 25.6%

Figure 3.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they are unaware of its usage. The smart phone is usually operated either by the husband or children. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode for their payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 26

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access 54% run non agricultural enterprises, 31% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products, 19% own small enterprises which are not mentioned in the baseline options, 18% run trading enterprises on a street or in a market, 16% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber & traditional medicine.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 3.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Torpa Figure 3.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

150 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 3.4 100

72% of women don’t have access to financial resources, for 41% of the 50 products that are being sold don’t have much demand. 31% don’t have inputs to make their products better and 30% have

0 electricity problem. t e e s e c g k ri d m r p e le a l b The major obstacles faced by women for n w o m o o r o ti p t n l marketing is the distance of their village to e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so market, high transportation prices and t s c a is n a e D ra L S lack of knowledge on the enterprise they T are operating. Figure 3.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 27 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge about Swiggy is Flipkart, Amazon & PayTm. e-NAM Every respondent’s household has a smart PayTM phone, & 80% respondents were familiar of Jio Mart the social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram and Twitter, the Mahila e-Haat most used app was WhatsApp by 38% 0 50 100 150 200 women.

Figure 3.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

150 It was seen that 49% of the respondents are unaware on the usage of vegetable waste, 30% make 100 compost & 21% discard the vegetable waste.

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50 the respondents generally burn it or discard away.

20% are practicing organic farming. The reason for 0

not practicing organic farming was lack of st k y w o c a o p to w n knowledge; and respondents believe that there is s A k m e o v n ’t C i w n not a wider market for it. L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 3.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 28 Conclusion: Torpa Block

Literacy Rate

98% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

13% in agriculture, 14% are self employed, 3% skilled labourers

Existing enterprises

54% non agricultural enterprises,31% selling and processing of agricultural, 18% trading enterprises ,16% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber & traditional medicine.

Raw material availability

86% vegetable production, 83% Bamboo, 65% leaf, 62% fruits,

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

67% Manufacturing Practices, 52% testing & quality control, 40%project report writing, 39% designing of products, 28% financial management

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

72% lack of finance,41% lack of demand,31% lack of inputs

Digital platforms

80% women know about social media platforms 43% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

49% don’t know what is done to be the waste, 30% make compost. Non biodegradable waste is generally discarded & burnt in the area.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 29 Results & Discussion: Khunti

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

209 3 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

200 Primary

150 Middle

Secondary 100 Higher Secondary

50 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 50% married

Not working 0.5%

22% have Agricultural land Student 34% Farmer Primary 44.5% Occupation

87% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 7.7% Wage Labour 12% 24% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 30 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, flour milling & organic farming.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 31 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

AIn order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 4.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are bamboo wood, leaf, vegetable, fruits & mushroom.

Others The respondents didn’t have the idea of the Honey 0.4% Bamboo Wood presence of Khadi & Village Industries 7% 18.3% Commission. None of the respondents think that they are able to make products as per market

Vegetable Jute standards and requirement. When asked about 18.9% 4.6% Availability the perceived requirements to make products of Silk according to the market standards, 88.4% raw materials 5.6% responded that they require training on technical Arecanut aspects, 4.4% on quality assessment of raw 7.2% Any Fruits material and 3% on packaging as shown in figure 13.6% 4.2. Any other leaf Coconut 14.4% 6.5%

Figure 4.1: Availability of raw materials in Torpa Others Quality of Raw Material 1.8% 4.4% 3% women have attended skill building trainings from government or a private agency. The training was on communication, record maintenance & community participation. Respondents were asked what trainings is most required to run the business to which 74% responded that they require training on designing of products, 24% on running machines, 12% on manufacturing process, 6% on testing & Training quality control. 88.4% Figure 4.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

5% women use smartphones, and only 3% are able to do digital transactions.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 32

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

49% of women are involved in non-agricultural enterprises, 45% of the respondents run small enterprises from home or on a street. 4% of the respondents offer any other service like selling anything on a street or in a market, including firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber & traditional medicines.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand Lack of Inputs Agricultural By-products Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity

Any other service Lack of trained employees

Cost of hiring new employees Professional services Poor quality roads Transportation Services Lack of market info

Small enterprises

0 25 50 75 100 125 0 25 50 75 100

Figure 4.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Khunti Figure 4.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

125 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the 100 need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 4.4. 75 41% have financial issues for expansion of 50 enterprises, 35% believe that their products have less demand, 34% have 25 poor connectivity & poor electricity.

0 Obstacles that the women find in t e e s r marketing their products & services are e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O distance to market, lack of knowledge n w o m o o r o ti p t n l regarding their products & services and e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so hiked transportation prices. t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 4.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 33 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are Flipkart the online platforms they are aware of being operated. Ranking these platforms the three Swiggy platforms which they have knowledge is e-NAM Flipkart, e-Naam, Jio Mart.

PayTM 5% of women use smart phones and 3% are Jio Mart skilled in doing digital transactions.

Mahila e-Haat

0 50 100 150

Figure 4.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

200

Of the total, 45% respondents make compost of the vegetable waste, 27% give it to the livestock and 28% 150 of the respondents discard away the waste. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 40% respondents recycle it, 76% throw & 99% burn it. 100

98% of the respondents haven’t heard about the organic farming, out of which 8% are actively 50 practicing it.

0 Making Compost Given to Livestock Thrown Away

Figure 4.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 34 Conclusion: Khunti Block

Literacy Rate

87% of the respondents are literate

Occupation 44% farming, 12% wage labourers

Existing enterprises

49% non-agricultural enterprises,45% small enterprises, 4% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber etc

Raw material availability

,87% Bamboo, 81% leaf, 52% vegetable,47% fruits

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

74% Designing of Products, 24% Running machines, 12% manufacturing practices,

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

59% Distance to market, 31% lack of knowledge, 7% transportation prices

Digital platforms

5% of women use smart phones and 3% are capable of doing digital transactions.

Environment Sustainability

88% make compost of the vegetable waste, 53% give it to the livestock and 56% of the respondents throw away the waste. For non biodegradable waste, 76% throw & 99% burn it.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 35 RANCHI

Ranchi, in its modern form, is the capital city of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi, being the capital of Jharkhand is an important center of trade & commerce in the State. The high literacy rate, hardworking people, stable political environment and availability of basic facilities make a favorable environment for business to flourish in the area.

Major Products which include wood from timber, such as Bamboo, Mahua, Shisham, Kusum, Aam, Jamun, Saal, Imli, Gamhar etc. Minor Products are Hara, Behara, 23.3441° N, 85.3096°E Kendu Patta, Saal Seed, Karanj Seed, Mahua Patta, etc. these products have medicinal and commercial value. 29,14,253 The fertile land of the rural area of Ranchi comprises of 5097 SQ. KM Red & Yellow soil as well as some amount of sand. Water for irrigation purpose is drawn from rivers like 1358 MM Swarnrekha, Koyal, and Damodar. The main crops grown in the district are rice and pulses.

Blocks Covered:

Bero, Silli 33% 20% 87% Panchayats Surveyed: Bero: Hariharpur Jamtoli, Ita, Jariya, Karanji, Nehalurapriya Net Sown Area Forest Cover Literacy Rate

Silli: Bisriya, Bruati, Hakedag, Halmad, Kutru, Piska

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 36 Results & Discussion: Bero

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

159 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

60 Primary

Middle 40 Secondary

Higher Secondary 20 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 10 20 30 40 50

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 64% married

Not working 0.6% Student 17% 98% have Agricultural land

Homemaker 10.1% Primary Occupation 99% Households are Electrified Wage Labour 3.1% Farmer Skill Labour 64.2% 4.4%

56% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 37 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are Organic Farming, Livestock rearing & paper plate, cup, bags making.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 38 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 5.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Vegetable, leaf, Bamboo, Vegetable, Fruits & Mushroom.

Others Mushroom 1.1% Bamboo Wood 97% agreed that they are not capable of making 12.7% 17.6% Honey quality products as per the market standards. 0.2% Jute When enquired about the requirements to make 0.2% products according to the market standards,

Availability 48.8% require technical training on making the of product, 23.8% require knowledge about the raw materials Any other leaf packaging their products and 18.4% require Vegetable 20% 32.8% knowledge on raw material quality assessment and skill labor as shown in figure 5.2. Coconut 0.6% Any Fruits 14.6%

Figure 5.1: Availability of raw materials in Bero Skill Labour 8.8%

Of the total, 17 respondents have received Quality of Raw Material skill building trainings from government or a 18.4% private agency on community participation & Training record keeping. 75% of the respondents 48.8% require training on designing of products, 60% on manufacturing practices, 60% on manufacturing practices and 33% on marketing techniques. Packaging 23.8%

Figure 5.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitalization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they don’t know how to use it. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode of payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 39

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises. As per figure 5.3, the agricultural produce is sold by 61% of the households in nearby markets, 22% run non agricultural enterprises, 17% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products and 2% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 25 50 75 100 0 20 40 60

Figure 5.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Bero Figure 5.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

150 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 5.4. 36% lack 100 inputs, 35% believe that there is lack of demand of their products, 34% face lack of financial sources, 30% don’t have market 50 information.

The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is the distance of their village to t e e s r market, lack of knowledge on the e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O enterprise they are running, and high n w o m o o r o ti p t n l transportation prices. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 5.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 40 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge is Swiggy Flipkart, Amazon & Paytm. e-NAM Every respondent’s household has a smart PayTM phone, 70% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% Mahila e-Haat of women use these platforms. 0 25 50 75

Figure 5.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

150

It was seen that 50% respondents give vegetable 100 waste to their livestock as fodder, 40% make compost and 9% discard it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50 the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

14% practice organic farming. The reason for not 0

practicing organic farming by majority was lack of st k y o c a p to w knowledge. s A m e o v n C i L w g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 5.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 41 Conclusion: Bero Block

Literacy 95% of our respondents are literate

Occupation 17% are students, 4% work as skill labourer, 3% are wage labourers. 10% respondents are homemakers

Existing enterprises

22% non agricultural enterprises,17% selling and processing of agricultural by products.,2% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines.

Raw material availability

96% Vegetable, 58% leaf,52% Bamboo, 43% fruits, 37% mushroom

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

75% Designing of Products, 64% testing & quality control, 60% Manufacturing Practices,33% marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

59% Distance to market, 31% lack of knowledge, 7% transportation prices

Digital platforms

70% women know about social media platforms, 33 % households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

50% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 40% make compost and 9% throw it. For non biodegradable waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 42 Results & Discussion: Silli

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

242 6 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

250 Primary

200 Middle

150 Secondary

Higher Secondary 100

Graduate or above 50

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 60% married

Not working 1.2% Farmer 98% have Agricultural land 18.2%

Skill Labour Student 1.7% 37.6% Primary Occupation 93% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 40.1% 33% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 43 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the four most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, computer data operator, flour milling & beauty parlour.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 44 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 6.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, leaf Vegetable, Fruits & Mushroom.

Mushroom 0.4% None of the respondents think that they are Vegetable capable of making quality products as per the 23.2% Bamboo Wood market standards. When asked about the 34.9% requirements to make products according to the

Availability market standards, 81.1% require technical of training on making the product,10.1% requires raw materials knowledge about the packaging their products, Any Fruits 14% 4.4% require knowledge on raw material quality Jute assessment and 0.3% on skill labor. Coconut 0.1% 0.1% Any other leaf 26.9%

Figure 6.1: Availability of raw materials in Silli Others Quality of Raw Material 0.3% 4.4% Packaging 10.1% None of the respondents have received skill building trainings from government or a private agency. 85% of the respondents require training on designing of products, 45% on manufacturing practices, 24% on running machines and 21% on finance Training management. 81.1%

Figure 6.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

Only 15% of the women respondents use smart phones. Only 1% of women are skilled in doing digital transactions.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 45

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises. The agricultural produce is sold by 77% of the households in nearby markets, 22% run non agricultural enterprises, only 1 respondent is involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products..

Lack of Demand N on-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Inputs

Lack of Finance

Agricultural By-products Poor Electricity

Lack of trained employees

Trading enterprise Cost of hiring new employees Legal registration

Poor quality roads Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 6.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Silli Figure 6.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

There are enterprises in which women are 200 already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 6.4. 78% face 150 financial crisis, 52% don’t have information about the proper markets where the 100 product could fetch higher market price, 29% face the demand issues for their product. 50 The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is the distance of their village to t e e s r market, lack of knowledge on the e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O enterprise they are running, and high n w o m o o r o ti p t n l transportation prices. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 6.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 46 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge is Swiggy Amazon, Flipkart & e-NAM. e-NAM Every respondent’s household has a smart PayTM phone, 50% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 5% Mahila e-Haat of women use these platforms. 0 50 100 150

Figure 6.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250

200 It was seen that 98% respondents use vegetable waste for making compost, 64% give to their 150

livestock, and 45% discard it. 100

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50

the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 0

52% practice organic farming. st k y o c a p to w s A m e o v n C i L w g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 6.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 47 Conclusion: Silli Block

Literacy 93% of our respondents are literate

Occupation 17% are students, 4% work as skill labourer, 3% are wage labourers. 10% respondents are homemakers

Existing enterprises

21%non agricultural enterprises,0.4% selling and processing of agricultural by products.1% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines.77% Small enterprises from home or on a street

Raw material availability

97% Bamboo, 75% leaf, 65% vegetables, 39% fruits

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

85% Designing of Products, 45% Manufacturing Practices,24% running machines, 21% finance management

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

80% Distance to market,52% Lack of knowledge,78% Lack of finance

Digital platforms

50% women know about social media platforms,57 % households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

98% respondents use vegetable waste for making compost, 64% give to their livestock, and 45% throw it. For non biodegradable waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 48

2 0 2 1

Girl Power

NORTH CHOTANAGPUR DIVISION 49 HAZARIBAGH

The district of Hazaribag is situated in the north east part of North Chotanagpur Division. The boundary of this district consists of districts of Gaya and Koderma in the north, Giridih and Bokaro in the east, Ranchi in the south and Palamu and Chatra in the west. This area is full of several plateaus, mountains and valleys. The main mountains of Hazaribagh are Chandwara and Jillinja and their heights are about 2816 and 3057 ft respectively. Th e main rivers of this district are Damodar and Barakar.

Hazaribagh has the second highest coal reserve in 23.9925° N, 85.3637°E Jharkhand (Dhanbad region has the first), and it is still largely intact. The economy of the people revolves 1,734,495 round the forest, agriculture and minerals. Cultivation of 4313 SQ. KM paddy, maize, cereals, wheat, oil seeds etc. are common. The people are either working as agricultural 1344 MM labourers or cultivators. Economy revolves around using forest products, by products and minor products. Kendu leaves, Bamboo and its manufactured products, Mahua

Blocks Covered: Churchu, Katkamdaag, Bishnugarh

Panchayats Surveyed: 89% Bishnugarh:Achaljamu,Banaso,Karkal 14% 34% o, Kharki,khedadih, Koriyatand, Nagi, Nawda, Parjoriya, Siraytand Katkamdaag: Salgawan Net Sown Area Forest Cover Literacy Rate Churchu: Ango, Chanaro, Charhi,J arwa, Hendegarha,Indra, Jarwa

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 50 Results & Discussion: Bishnugarh

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

252 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

125 Primary

100 Middle

75 Secondary

Higher Secondary 50

Graduate or above 25

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 66% married

Student 98% have Agricultural land 21.4%

Farmer 34%

Primary Occupation 93% Households are Electrified

Wage Labour 1.4% Homemaker 41.9% 92% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 51 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the four most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, computer data operator, flour milling & beauty parlour.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 52 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 7.1, the top 3 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, Vegetable & leaf.

All respondents believe that they are not capable of making quality products as per the market standards. When enquired about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 27% require technical training on making the product and knowledge about the packaging their products, while 23% require knowledge on raw material quality assessment and skill labor. Trainings required for starting enterprise have been projected for making of project report, manufacturing practices and designing of products.

Skill Labour 22.8% Training Vegetable 27.2% 33% Availability of raw materials

Bamboo Wood 56.8% Any Fruits 0.5% Quality of Raw Material 23.2% Any other leaf Packaging 9.3% Arecanut 26.8% 0.2% Figure 7.1: Availability of raw materials in Bishnugarh Figure 7.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they don’t know how to use it. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode of payments.

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Non-Agricultural Enterprise According to figure 7.3, 82% of women are involved in selling of non- agricultural Agricultural By-products products, & 18% are involved in selling Trading enterprise agricultural produce. Any other service There are enterprises in which women are Professional services already involved but they don’t feel the Transportation Services need of expanding them because of the Dhaba reasons mentioned in figure 7.5. 82% of

Small enterprises women don’t have access to financial resources, 70% faced electricity problem 0 50 100 150 200 250 and 13% faced poor quality roads. Figure 7.3: Entrepreneurial activities in BASELINE REPORT | 2020 Bishnugarh 53

Obstacles that are faced in marketing have been mentioned in figure 7.4. They lack knowledge, and there are seasonal problems and distance to market have been identified as the major obstacles.

100% Lack of Demand

Lack of Inputs 75% Lack of Finance

50% Poor Electricity Lack of trained employees

25% Cost of hiring new employees

Legal registration 0% t e e s r Poor quality roads e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O n w o m o o r Lack of market info o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n 0 50 100 150 200 250 a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 7.4: Obstacles faced in marketing Figure 7.5: Constraining factors for expansion of products enterprise

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of Flipkart being operated. Ranking these platforms Swiggy the three platforms which they have knowledge is Flipkart, Amazon & Paytm. e-NAM

PayTM Every respondent’s household has a smart phone, 50% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart social media platforms like Whatsapp, Mahila e-Haat Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 1% of women use these platforms. 0 50 100 150

Figure 7.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 54

Environment Sustainability

125 It was seen that 35% or respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock as fodder, 21% utilize the 100 waste for making compost and 43% discard it. 75

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50 the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 25 23% practice organic farming. The reason for not practicing organic farming by a large number was 0 st k y w lack of knowledge; respondents believe that there is o c a o p to w n s A k m e not a large market for it. o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 7.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents

Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 55 Conclusion: Bishnugarh Block

Literacy 98% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

58% farming, 37% are students, 2% are skilled laborers.

Existing enterprises

81 % Non Agricultural (selling NTFP),18% small enterprises, 1% trading enterprises

Raw material availability

99% Bamboo, 57% vegetable, 16% leaf, 2% fruits

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

99% project report making,29% Manufacturing practices, 17% designing of products, 12% testing & quality control

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

95% Lack of knowledge,19% Distance to Market,10% Transportation Prices

Digital platforms

50% women know about social media platforms.22% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

35% of the respondents give the vegetable residue to animals & rest throw. Non biodegradable waste is generally burnt in the area.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 56 Results & Discussion: Katkamdag

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

172 1 Women Surveyed Panchayat

RESPONDENT PROFILE

75 Primary

Middle 50 Secondary

Higher Secondary 25 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 20 40 60

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 59% married

Student 57% have Agricultural land 23.3%

Farmer 37.8%

Primary Occupation 100% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 39% 74% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 57 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, dairy & beauty parlor.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 58 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 8.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Counting on top 3 for which raw material is available in the block are Fruits, Vegetable, Bamboo & leaf. 99% of the respondents think that they are not capable of making quality products as per the market standards. When asked about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 88% require technical training on making the product, 9% on packaging the products. Trainings required for starting enterprise are manufacturing practices, testing and quality control and designing of products.

Skill Labour Packaging 2.6% Vegetable Bamboo Wood 8.7% 25% 24.9%

Availability of raw materials Jute 0.1%

Any Fruits Any other leaf 25% 24.9% Training 87.8%

Figure 8.1: Availability of raw materials in Katkamdag Figure 8.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization 50% women use smart phones with internet, of which 3% are capable of doing digital transaction.

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per Figure 8.3 98% women are involved in Non-Agricultural Enterprise selling of non- agricultural products and 2% are

Agricultural By-products involved in selling agricultural produce.

Trading enterprise There are enterprises in which women are already Any other service involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding

Professional services them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 8.5. 46% don’t have trained employees, 44% face Transportation Services no demand for their product. 35% have lack Dhaba inputs. Obstacles that are faced in marketing have Small enterprises been mentioned in figure 8.4, being distance to market, lack of knowledge, and hiked 0 50 100 150 200 transportation prices. Figure 8.3: Entrepreneurial activities in BASELINE REPORT | 2020 Katkamdag 59

100% Lack of Demand

Lack of Inputs 75% Lack of Finance

50% Poor Electricity

Lack of trained employees 25% Cost of hiring new employees

Legal registration 0% t e e s Poor quality roads e c g k ri d m r p e le a l b n w o m o o r Lack of market info o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so 0 20 40 60 80 t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 8.4: Obstacles faced in marketing Figure 8.5: Constraining factors for expansion of products enterprise Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of Flipkart being operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have Swiggy knowledge is Amazon, Flipkart & Paytm.

PayTM 73% respondent’s household have smart Jio Mart phone, 30% of women were familiar of Mahila e-Haat social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 0 25 50 75 100 1% of women use these platforms. Figure 8.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

125

100 It was seen that 65% or respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 1% are involved in making 75 compost and 34% discard it. 50

25 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste, 66% throw it & 33% burn it. Only 2% practice organic 0 farming. st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G Figure 8.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents BASELINE REPORT | 2020 60

Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 61 Conclusion: Katkamdag Block

Literacy 98% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

37% farming, 38% homemakers, 23% students

Existing enterprises

97 % Non Agricultural,2% offering professional services such as tutor, midwife, mason.1% small enterprises

Raw material availability

100% Vegetable & Fruits, 99% Bamboo & Leaf

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

53% manufacturing practices, 43% testing & quality control, 13% designing of products

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

88% Distance to Market, 51% Lack of knowledge, 27% Transportation price

Digital platforms

50% women know about social media platforms.30% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

65% or respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 1% makes compost and 34% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste, 66% throw it & 33% burn it.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 62 Results & Discussion: CHURCHU

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

181 7 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

100 Primary

75 Middle

Secondary 50 Higher Secondary

25 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 95% married

Not working 1.7% Farmer 64% have Agricultural land Homemaker 22.7% 24.3%

Skill Labour Primary 1.7% Occupation 90% Households are ElectrifiedSelf employed 2.8%

Wage Labour 37% have Access to smart phones 47% BASELINE REPORT | 2020 63 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are candle making, incense stick making, livestock rearing.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 64 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 9.1, the top 3 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Vegetable, Mushroom & Bamboo.

All respondents think that they are not capable of making quality products as per the market standards. When asked about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 35.6% require technical training on making the product, 33% require training on quality assessment, 23.7% require skill labor and 6.5% packaging the products. Trainings required for starting enterprise are on manufacturing practices, marketing techniques, and finance management.

Others 1.2% Mushroom Bamboo Wood 25.7% 25.3% Skill Labour 23.7% Training 35.6%

Availability Honey of Silk 0.7% raw materials 0.7%

Any other leaf 10.5%

Vegetable Packaging Any Fruits Quality of Raw Material 26.9% 6.5% 9.2% 33%

Figure 9.1: Availability of raw materials in Churchu Figure 9.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization 12% women use smart phones with internet, of which4% are capable of doing digital transaction.

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access As per figure 9.3 77% of the women are involved Non-Agricultural Enterprise in selling of agricultural produce and have been

Agricultural By-products categorized under small enterprises, & 17% are involved in selling non-agricultural produce. Trading enterprise

Any other service There are enterprises in which women are already Professional services involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure Transportation Services 9.5. 53% don’t have access to financial sources, Dhaba 21% face no demand for their product,19% have Small enterprises lack of inputs. Obstacles that are faced in marketing have been mentioned in figure 9.4, 0 50 100 150 highlighting lack of knowledge, distance to market, and hiked transportation prices. Figure 9.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Churchu BASELINE REPORT | 2020 65

100% Lack of Demand

Lack of Inputs 75% Lack of Finance

50% Poor Electricity Lack of trained employees

25% Cost of hiring new employees

Legal registration 0% t e e s Poor quality roads e c g k ri d m r p e le a l b n w o m o o r Lack of market info o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n 0 25 50 75 100 125 a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T Figure 9.4: Obstacles faced in marketing Figure 9.5: Constraining factors for expansion of products enterprise Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of Flipkart being operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have Swiggy knowledge is Amazon, Flipkart & Paytm.

PayTM 37% households have a smart phone, in which 10% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart social media platforms like Whatsapp, Mahila e-Haat Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 1% of women use these platforms. 0 5 10 15 20 25

Figure 9.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

150 It was seen that 81% respondents give vegetable 100 waste to their livestock, 19% make compost out of it and 58% discard it.

50 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste, the respondents generally throw or burn it. Only 3% 0 have heard about organic farming and practicing it. st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G Figure 9.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents BASELINE REPORT | 2020 66

Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 67 Conclusion: Churchu Block

Literacy 87% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

47% wage labourers, 24% homemakers, 22% farmers

Existing enterprises

78% small enterprises, 18% non agricultural enterprises, 3% selling firewood, home charcoal, baskets, timber etc., 1% processing & selling agricultural by products

Raw material availability

87% vegetable, 83% mushroom, 82% bamboo

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

82% manufacturing practices, 77% marketing techniques, 64% financial management, 53% testing & quality control

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

78% Lack of knowledge,64% Distance to Market,22% Transportation Price

Digital platforms

10% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like whatsapp, face book, instagram and twitter, but only 1% of women are using these platforms.

Environment Sustainability

81% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 19% make compost and 58% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste, the respondents generally throw or burn it.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 68 KODERMA

The Koderma district of Jharkhand state was created on 10 th April 1994, after being carved out of the original Hazaribagh district. Koderma district has one Sub- division namely Koderma and Six Blocks viz., Koderma, Jainagar, Markachoo, Domacchanch, Chandwara, and Satwagan. The district headquarters are at Koderma town. The climate is generally dry with average rainfall 1344 mm.

The fertile land comprises of red and yellow soil with some amount of sand. But most of the terrains are rocky covered with pebbles. This acts as a check on 24.4677° N, 85.5934° E fertility of the soil. Koderma district is fortunate in terms of development in both industry and agriculture sector. 717,169 On an average, about 58 percent of the total population 1655.61 SQ. KM belongs to the agricultural population while the non- agricultural sector accounts for the remaining 42 1344 MM percent.There are 6 blocks in the district covering 713 villages. Rice is the most important crop of the district. Paddy covers the maximum of the gross cropped area. Among commercial crops, Cabbage, cauliflower, and potato are major vegetable crops. Blocks Covered: Domchanch, Jhumri Telaiya

Panchayats Surveyed:

28% 68% Bahudarpur, Dhab, 14% Domchanch: Haria,Janpur,Parho Jhumri Telaiya: Jalwabad, Jhomri, Irrigated Forest Cover Literacy Rate Jhumri Telaiya, Koderma, Telaiya Cropping Area

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 69 Results & Discussion: DOMCHANCH

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

258 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

200 Primary

150 Middle

Secondary 100 Higher Secondary

50 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 82% married

Farmer Student 3.1% 13.2% Wage Labour 77% have Agricultural land 9.7% PVT Service 1.9%

Primary Occupation 94% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 42% have Access to smart phones 69.8% BASELINE REPORT | 2020 70 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the five most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are such as Livestock Rearing, incense stick making, & paper plate, cup, bag making.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 71 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 10.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, Vegetable, Fruits, honey & Silk.

3% of the respondents have knowledge Mushroom 8.1% regarding KVIC in their nearby area, but not

Honey much is known about it and none have taken 9% benefits from their schemes. 97% agreed that

Bamboo Wood they are not capable of making quality Vegetable 42.4% products as per the market standards. When Availability 9% of questioned about the requirements to make raw materials products according to the market standards Any Fruits 31% requires training on making the product, 9.2% 19% require knowledge on raw material quality

Any other leaf Jute assessment and skill labour, 21% require 9% Silk 0.2% knowledge about the packaging of their 9.2% products.

Figure 10.1: Availability of raw materials in Domchanch

Others 10.1% 6 respondents have received skill building trainings from government or/ Training 30.7% and a private agency on community Skill Labour participation, record keeping & 18.5% communication. 64% of the respondents require training on designing of products, 87% on manufacturing practices, 53% on finance management and 42% on marketing techniques. Quality of Raw Material 19.3% Packaging 21.4%

Figure 10.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household, but they are unaware of its usage. The smart phone is usually operated either by the husband or children. The respondents were not comfortable using digital mode for their payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 72

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which we have categorized as small enterprises. The agricultural produce is sold by 75% of the households in nearby markets. 10% run non agricultural enterprises, 16% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products. 6% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200 250

Figure 10.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 10.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Domchanch enterprise

250 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the 200 need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 10.4 78% of 150 women don’t have access to financial resources, 30% believe that their products 100 have less demand and 47% didn’t have knowledge about the markets to sell their 50 products.

0 The major obstacles faced by women for t e e s r marketing is the distance of their village to e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O market, lack of knowledge on the n w o m o o r o ti p t n l enterprise they are operating, and high e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so transportation prices. t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 10.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 73 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge is Swiggy Flipkart, Amazon & Paytm. e-NAM Every respondent’s household has a smart PayTM phone, 70% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart social media platforms like whatsapp, face book, instagram and twitter, but only 2% of Mahila e-Haat women are using these platforms. 0 25 50 75

Figure 10.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250 It was seen that 54% or respondents give vegetable 200 waste to their livestock, 21% make compost and 23% discard it. 150

100 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 50

23% practice organic farming. The reason for not 0

practicing organic farming by the rest, was lack of st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k knowledge; respondents believe that there is no m e o v n ’t C i w n large market for it. L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 10.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 74 Conclusion: Domchanch Block

Literacy 64% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

58% of the respondents are involved in the agricultural activities. 8% women are already involved in entrepreneurial activities.

Existing enterprises

64% Agricultural (selling their produce),8% Non Agricultural (selling NTFP),13% selling & processing agricultural by products

Raw material availability

42% Bamboo, 10% vegetable production,10% silk, 10% honey, 9% fruit, 8% mushroom.

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

64% Designing of Products,87% Manufacturing Practices,53% Finance Management,42% Marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

78% lack of finance,77% lack of demand,47% lack of market information

Digital platforms

70% women know about social media platforms,32 % households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

54% of the respondents give the vegetable residue to animals & rest throw. Non biodegradable waste is generally thrown & burnt in the area.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 75 Results & Discussion: JHUMRI TELAIYA

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

271 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

250 Primary

200 Middle

150 Secondary

Higher Secondary 100

Graduate or above 50

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 77% married

Not working Farmer 11.4% 14.4% 70% have Agricultural land Student 7.7% Retired 1.8% Primary Homemaker Occupation Skill Labour 10% 24% Households are Electrified 24.7%

Govt Service 5.2% PVT Service 5.9% Self Employed Wage Labour 5.9% 9.6% 24% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 76 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are handloom, computer data operator, candle making.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 77 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 11.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are silk, areca nut, jute, coconut & fruits.

Mushroom The respondents do not have the idea whether 8.1% the area or region had Khadi & Village Industry. Honey Only 6 respondents know KVIC in the area 9% which is working on leaf & it’s by- products. Bamboo Wood Only 4 women think that they are able to make Vegetable Availability 42.4% 9% of quality products as per market standards and raw materials requirement. When asked the rest 98% about the perceived requirements to make products Any Fruits 9.2% according to the market standards, 65% said training, 31% technical training on making the Any other leaf Jute product, and 19% mentioned that the quality 9% Silk 0.2% 9.2% raw materials is required to make products as shown in figure 11.2.

Figure 11.1: Availability of raw materials in Jhumri Telaiya

4 women have attended skill building trainings Others from government or/and a private agency. The 10.1% training was on communication, record Training maintenance & community participation. 30.7% Respondents were asked on what is the kind Skill Labour 18.5% of training mostly required to run the business for which 34% women responded that they require training on testing & quality control of products, 32% on manufacturing products, 20% on project documentation i.e. project

report making and 15% on designing of Quality of Raw Material products. 19.3% Packaging 21.4%

Figure 11.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

All women respondents have smart phones in their household but were not comfortable using digital mode of payments.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 78

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

86% of women are involved in non-agricultural enterprises. 10% women process & sell agricultural by- products, 3% own a trading enterprise on a street or in a market. 1% of the respondents offer any other service like selling anything on a street or in a market, including firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber & traditional medicines. Only 1 person provide transportation services.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand Lack of Inputs Agricultural By-products Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees

Cost of hiring new employees Professional services Legal registration Transportation Services Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 250 0 25 50 75

Figure 11.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Jhumri Figure 11.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Telaiya enterprise

100 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the 75 reasons mentioned in figure 11.4 20% believe that their products have less 50 demand, 25% have faced money constraint, for 10% women the roads are not good due to which they are not able to 25 go to the markets.

0 The major obstacles faced by women for t e e s r marketing is high transportation prices, e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O lack of knowledge and distance to the n w o m o o r o ti p t n l market. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 11.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 79 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge is Swiggy Flipkart, Amazon & Paytm. e-NAM Every respondent’s household has a smart PayTM phone, 70% of women were familiar of the Jio Mart Social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 5% Mahila e-Haat of women use these platforms. 0 50 100 150

Figure 11.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250

200 71% respondents were unable to respond to the question, 26% throw away the waste. It was seen 150

that there is not a practice of making compost from 100 vegetable waste and neither is it fed to the livestock. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50

only 2% respondents reuse it. 0

st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k 98% of the respondents haven’t heard about the m e o v n ’t C i w n organic farming. Out of 2% who know about the L o o g o r D in t h k n T organic farming, only 1 respondent practices organic a e M iv farming because she thinks that its beneficial for the G health. Figure 11.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 80 Conclusion: Jhumri Telaiya Block

Literacy 94% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

24% of the respondents worked as skill labor, 14% are involved in farming, 10% are not working, 9% are wage labourers & 10% are homemakers.

Existing enterprises

86% Non Agricultural (selling NTFP),10% selling & processing agricultural by products,3% Trading Enterprises

Raw material availability

45% silk, 16% areca nut, 15% bamboo, 14% jute, 12% coconut, 11% fruits.

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

34% testing & quality control, 32% manufacturing practices, 20% project report making, 15% designing of products

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

25% lack of finance, 23% lack of inputs, 20% lack of demand

Digital platforms

70% women know about social media platforms, 50% households have used Flipkart & Amazon services

Environment Sustainability

71% of the respondents are unaware about the usage of vegetable waste. 26% throw away the waste.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 81

2 0 2 0

Girl Power

SANTHAL PARGANA DIVISION 82 DUMKA

Dumka – as the name suggests is a district surrounded, within lofty hills and exotic forest. This land of temples is also a famous health hill resort situated at a height of 472 ft. above sea level. The district is an ideal blend where one can find a blend of nature’s glory and a heritage of glorious past of Indian tradition. This district is very important from the religious point of view.

Share in the economy of the country is taken care by the presence of ample agriculture produces and prolific minerals in this naturally rice and beautiful district. 24.2685° N,87.2488° E Vegetables like tomato, potato, jack fruits, spinach, brinjal, cauliflowers have an exotic presence. The forest 47,584 area comprises of medicinal plants, bamboo trees, 4,404 SQ. KM Tusser Silk Plantations. 1100-1200 MM

Blocks Covered: Jarmundi, Dumka Sadar

Panchayats Surveyed: Jarmundi: Barmasa, Chorkhada, 40% 11% 58% Bhorabad, Hathnama, Jhanakpur, Kaladumriya, Paharidih, Putlidaabar, Sahara. Net Cultivated Forest Cover Literacy Rate Dumka Sadar: Behrabang, Ghasipur, Area Golpur, Karharbil, Kurwa Dudhani, Parsimla, Rampur, Sarwa

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 83 Results & Discussion: JARMUNDI

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

342 9 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

200 Primary

150 Middle

Secondary 100 Higher Secondary

50 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100 125

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 70% married

Not working 1.8% Skill Labour 1.8% 35% have Agricultural land Student 24% Wage Labour 14.9%

Primary Pvt Service Occupation 74% Households are Electrified 0.3%

Homemaker 44% have Access to smart phones 48.2% BASELINE REPORT | 2020 84 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are livestock rearing, flour milling, fishery & handicrafts.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 85 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 12.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are vegetable, fruits, Bamboo, leaf & silk.

None of the respondents think they are Honey 1.8% Bamboo Wood capable of making quality products as per the 14.9% market standards. When asked about the requirements to make products according to Silk 2.2% the market standards 30.7% require technical

Vegetable training on making the product, 21.4% require Availability 40.1% Any other leaf knowledge about the packaging their products, of 11.6% raw materials and 19.3% require knowledge on raw material quality assessment and 18.5% require skilled Coconut labor as shown in figure 12.2 8.4%

Any Fruits 17.8%

Figure 12.1: Availability of raw materials in Jarmundi

Others 10.1%

None of the respondents have received skill Training building trainings from government or/and 30.7% Skill Labour private agency. 75% require training on 18.5% product testing & quality control, 69% on manufacturing practices, 65% on designing of products. 51% on project report making & 43% on marketing techniques.

Quality of Raw Material 19.3% Packaging 21.4%

Figure 12.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

22% women use smart phones and only 9% are have the knowledge of doing digital transaction using mobile.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 86 Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

Majority 93% of the women households are involved in selling of non-agricultural products. 20% sell firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicines; 19% women are involved into processing & selling of agricultural by products, 10% own trading enterprises, 5% offer professional services such as tutor, midwife, mason.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 100 200 300 400 0 25 50 75

Figure 12.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 12.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Jarmundi enterprise

75 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 12.4 50 77% don’t have access to financial resources, 60% feel that their product don’t have demand & 55% don’t have lack of 25 inputs while 60% have connectivity issues.

The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is lack of knowledge on the t e e s r enterprise operated by them, distance of e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O village to the market with hiked n w o m o o r o ti p t n l transportation price. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 12.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 87 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. The respondents were aware about Flipkart, Amazon & PayTM Swiggy

e-NAM 40% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, PayTM Instagram and Twitter, but only 20% of women Jio Mart are using these platforms.

Mahila e-Haat

0 50 100 150 200

Figure 12.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

400 It was seen that 95% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 43% give to the livestock 300 & 36% discard the vegetable waste. 200 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 100 the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 1%

has heard about organic farming and practicing it. 0

The reason for not practicing organic farming was st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k lack of knowledge. m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 12.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents

Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 88 Conclusion: Jhumri Telaiya Block

Literacy 90% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

48% are homemakers, 24% are students, 14% wage labourers, 2% skill labour

Existing enterprises

93% non agricultural enterprises, 20% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber etc, 19% processing & selling agricultural by products

Raw material availability

96% vegetable, 42% fruits, 36% bamboo, 28% leaf, 20% coconut

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

75% Testing & quality control,69% Manufacturing practices, 65% Design of Products

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

82% Lack of knowledge, 80% Transportation price, 77% Distance to market

Digital platforms

40% women know about social media platforms, 50% households have used online shopping platforms

Environment Sustainability

95% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 43% give to the livestock & 36% throw the vegetable waste. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away. BASELINE REPORT | 2020 89 Results & Discussion: DUMKA SADAR

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

294 9 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

400 Primary

300 Middle

Secondary 200 Higher Secondary

100 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 50 100 150

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 75% married

Student 6% 86% have Agricultural land

Farmer 45% Primary 97% Households are Electrified Homemaker Occupation 40.6%

Wage Labour 2.7% 25% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 90 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area

Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the five most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are candle making, incense stick making, paper plate, cup ,bags making.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 91 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 13.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, vegetable, leaf, fruits & mushroom.

None of the respondents thought they are Mushroom capable of making products as per the market 9.8% standards and quality. When asked about the Honey Bamboo Wood 7.3% 27.4% requirements to make products according to the market standards 56.9% require technical training on making the product, 12.1% require Availability knowledge about the packaging their products. Vegetable of Silk 18.5% raw materials 22.9% require knowledge on raw material 0.2% quality assessment and 7.9% require skilled

Any other leaf labor. 16.4% Any Fruits 13% Coconut 7.2%

Figure 13.1: Availability of raw materials in Dumka Sadar

Skill Labour 7% of the respondents have received 7.9% skill building trainings from government or/and a private agency. 54% require training on manufacturing practices, Quality of Raw Material 49% on designing of products, 97% on 22.9% export, 28% on testing & quality control & 14% on marketing techniques. Training 56.9%

Packaging 12.1%

Figure 13.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

23% women use smart phones and only 9% are skilled of doing digital transactions on smart phone.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 92

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

52% of the women households are involved in selling of non-agricultural products, 2% sell firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicines. 12% women are into processing & selling of agricultural by products. 1% own trading enterprises.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 13.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Dumka Figure 13.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Sadar enterprise

300 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of 200 the reasons mentioned in figure 13.4. 53% don’t have access to financial resources, 47% feel that their product 100 lack demand in the market, while 42% lack market information.

0 The major obstacles faced by women for t e e s r marketing is distance of village to the e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O market, ack of knowledge on the n w o m o o r o ti p t n l enterprise they are running and hiked e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so transportation. t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 13.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 93 Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. The respondents knew about Flipkart, Amazon & PayTM. Swiggy

e-NAM 20% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, PayTM Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% of women Jio Mart are using these platforms.

Mahila e-Haat

0 25 50 75

Figure 13.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250

200 It was seen that 60% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 34% give to the livestock and 150

20% throw the vegetable waste. 100

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the 50

respondents generally burn it or throw away. 17% have 0

heard about organic farming and practicing it. st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 13.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 94 Conclusion: Dumka Sadar Block

Literacy 94% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

45% farmers, 40% homemakers, 6% students, 3% wage labour, 2% skill labour

Existing enterprises

52% non-agricultural enterprise, 11% processing & selling agriculture by- products, 2% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber etc.

Raw material availability

93% bamboo, 62% vegetable, 55% leaf, 44% fruits, 33% mushroom

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

54% manufacturing practices, 49% Design of products, 38% Export, 28% testing & quality control

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

74% Distance to market, 42% lack of knowledge,13% Transportation price

Digital platforms

23% women are using smart phones and 9% are only capable of doing digital transaction with mobile.

Environment Sustainability

60% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 34% give to the livestock & 20% throw the vegetable waste. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 95 DEOGHAR

Deoghar district, populary known as “Baidyanath Dham” is a significant Hindu pilgrimage centre with the Baidyantah Temple as one of the twelve Shiva Jyothirlingas in India and one of the 51 Shakti Peethas as well in India. The economy of the district is mainly dependent on both the agriculture and industrial sectors. More than half of the population are engaged in agricultural activities in order to earn their livelihood. The landscape of Deoghar is high, low, hilly and damp. 28% of the land 24.4852° N, 86.6948° E is very fertile and cultivable. Cultivation in and around Deoghar is primarily rain-fed. Rice is the main crop 14,91,879 followed by maize, sugarcane & vegetables are also 2,479 SQ. KM grown in limited scale. 742 MM

Blocks Covered: Madhupur, Devipur

Panchayats Surveyed: Madhupur: Baswariya, Gonaiya, 29% 8% 76% Govindpur, Machuwatad, Patwabad,Udaypura, Berwa

Net Cultivated Forest Cover Literacy Rate Devipur: Daranga, Jhumarbad, Area Rajpura

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 96 Results & Discussion: MADHUPUR

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

128 7 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

100 Primary

75 Middle

Secondary 50 Higher Secondary

25 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 10 20 30 40 50

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 87% married

Not working 1.6%

45% have Agricultural land

Primary Occupation 78% Households are Electrified Homemaker 37.5% Wage Labour 40.6%

Pvt Service 30% have Access to smart phones 0.8% BASELINE REPORT | 2020 97 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are paper items, catering services & diary.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 98 Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 14.1, most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block is bamboo, vegetable, leaf, fruits & silk.

Others None of the respondents thought they were 5.5% capable of making quality products as per the market standards. When questioned about the Vegetable Bamboo Wood requirements to make products according to 24.1% 36.8% the market standards, 38.8% require technical Availability training on making the product, 20.5% require of raw materials knowledge about the packaging their products and 19% require knowledge on raw material Any Fruits 6.4% quality assessment and 17.1% require skilled Silk labor as shown in figure 14.2. 3.6% Any other leaf 21.4%

Figure 14.1 : Availability of raw materials in Madhupur Others 4.6%

None of the respondents have received skill Skill Labour 17.1% building trainings from government or any Training other private agency. 67% require training on 38.8% manufacturing practices, 55% on designing of products, 39% on testing & quality of products, 37% on project report making. Quality of Raw Material 19%

Packaging 20.5%

Figure 14.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

10% women use smart phones and all of them are skilled in making digital transaction through mobile phones.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 99 Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per figure 14.3, 60% of the women households are involved in selling of non-agricultural products,19% women are into processing & selling of agricultural by products. 10% own small enterprises, 2% offer professional services such as tutor, midwife, mason & 2% sell firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicines.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 20 40 60 80 0 25 50 75 100

Figure 14.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 14.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Madhupur enterprise

75 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 14.4. 65% feel 50 that their product don’t have demand in the market, 59% don’t have access to financial resources, & 38% have lack of 25 inputs.

The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is lack of knowledge on the t e e s r enterprise they are running, distance of e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O village to the market and hiked n w o m o o r o ti p t n l transportation price. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 14.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 100

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. The respondents knew about Amazon, Flipkart & Mahila e-Haat. Swiggy

e-NAM 10% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, PayTM Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% of women Jio Mart are using these platforms.

Mahila e-Haat

0 20 40 60

Figure 14.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

75 It was seen that 27% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 58% give to the livestock 50 & 64% discard the vegetable waste.

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 25 the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 2%

has heard about organic farming and practicing it. 0

The reason for not practicing organic farming was st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k lack of knowledge. m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 14.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 101 Conclusion: Madhupur Block

Literacy 72% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

40% wage labourers, 37% homemakers, 7% students, 7% wage labourers, 2% farmers

Existing enterprises

60% non agricultural enterprises, 20% Processing & selling agricultural by products, 10% Small enterprises

Raw material availability

63% Bamboo, 41% vegetable, 36% leaf, 10% fruits

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

67% Manufacturing practices, 55% Design of Products, 39% Testing & Quality control

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

47% Lack of knowledge, 42% Distance to market,23% Transportation price

Digital platforms

10% women know about social media platforms & 2% are using such platforms.

Environment Sustainability

27% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 58% give to the livestock & 64% throw the vegetable waste. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 102 Results & Discussion: DEVIPUR

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

212 3 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

200 Primary

150 Middle

Secondary 100 Higher Secondary

50 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100 125

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 95% married

Student 4.7% 94% have Agricultural land Homemaker 14.6%

Self Employed 2.4% Primary 99% Households are Electrified Occupation

Farmer 77.8%

53% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 103 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the four most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are Fishery, Organic farming, incense stick & Beauty Parlor .

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 104

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 15.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are vegetable, bamboo, jute, coconut & arecanut.

None of the respondents thought they are Mushroom capable of making quality products as per the 0.5% Bamboo Wood 18.8% market standards. When questioned about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 79% require technical

Jute training on making the product, 3% require Availability 7.8% knowledge about the packaging their products, Vegetable of raw materials 52.1% Silk 6% require knowledge on raw material quality 5.5% assessment and 11% require skilled labor as Arecanut shown in figure 15.2. 6.3% Coconut 7.6%

Figure 15.1: Availability of raw materials in Devipur

Skill Labour 11.3% 8% of the respondents have received Quality of Raw Material skill building trainings from government 6% or any other private agency. Of the total Packaging respondents 83% require training on 3.4% designing of products, 45% require training on manufacturing practices, 10% on testing & quality control & 6% on marketing techniques.

Training 78.9%

Figure 15.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

23% women use smart phones and out of which only 9% are comfortable of making digital transaction using mobile phones.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 105

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per the figure 15.3, 91% of the women households are involved in selling of non-agricultural products, 2% sell firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicines. 2% women are into processing & selling of agricultural by products. 2% own an eatery,8% run small enterprises.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 0 50 100 150

Figure 15.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Devipur Figure 15.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

125 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel 100 the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 15.4. 75 66% feel that their product doesn’t have market demand, 25% don’t have access 50 to financial resources. 18% face electricity problems. 25 The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is distance of village to the t e e s r market, lack of knowledge on the e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O enterprise they are running and n w o m o o r o ti p t n l seasonal problems. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 15.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 106

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

The respondents were asked about what are Amazon the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. The respondents knew about Mahila e-Haat, Paytm, flipkart. Swiggy

e-NAM 5% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram PayTM and Twitter, but only 1% of women are using Jio Mart these platforms.

Mahila e-Haat

0 10 20 30 40

Figure 15.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability 150

It was seen that 17% of respondents make compost out 100 of the vegetable waste, 37% give to the livestock & 44% discard the vegetable waste. 50 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the

respondents generally burn it or throw away. 45% has 0

heard about organic farming and practicing it. st k y w o c a o p to w n s A k m e o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 15.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 107 Conclusion: Devipur Block

Literacy 50% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

77% farmers, 14% homemakers, 5% students

Existing enterprises

90% non-agricultural enterprise, 2% trading enterprise,2% dhaba or eating place, 1% processing & selling agricultural by products

Raw material availability

94% vegetable, 34% bamboo, 14% jute, 13% coconut,11% arecanut

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

84% Design of Products, 46% Manufacturing Practices,10% testing & quality control, 7% project report making

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

57% Distance to market, 29% lack of knowledge, 24% Seasonal problems

Digital platforms

5% of women were familiar of the social media platforms like whatsapp, face book, instagram and twitter, but only 1% of women are using them these platforms.

Environment Sustainability

17% of respondents make compost out of the vegetable waste, 37% give to the livestock & 44% throw the vegetable waste. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 108

2 0 2 0

Girl Power

KOLHAN DIVISION 109 SERAIKELA KHARSAWAN

Seraikela-Kharsawan district, formerly the Princely States of Seraikela and Kharsawa is one of the twenty- four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Surrounded by lush green forests, hillocks, serpent like rivers and rivulets, Seraikela Town is situated on the bank of Kharkai River. The district has not only a rich cultural heritage but also has large deposits of minerals like Kyanite, Asbestos, quartz etc. and other valuable minerals.

Around 20 per cent area of the district is under forest. The forest is full of kendu leaves, bamboo, sal, teak and 22.8561° N, 86.0122° E other timber species. The hilly areas are mostly under forest with patches of cultivation on scarp areas. The 10,65,056 valley land in the district provides suitable site for 2,657 SQ. KM agricultural use. Major crops grown in the district are rice, oilseed and pulses. 1350 MM

Blocks Covered:

Rajnagar, Ichagarh

Panchayats Surveyed: 22% 67% Bana,Bandu,Dhuripada,Edal, 79% Rajnagar: Jumal,Katanga,Kurma, Kuju, Vijadih, Gamaharia, Gengeruli,Govindpur Net Cultivated Forest Cover Literacy Rate ,Potka ,Rajnagar ,Tumung Area Ichagarh: Gorangkocha, Bandu, Gudri

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 110 Results & Discussion: RAJNAGAR

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

269 15 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

125 Primary

100 Middle

75 Secondary

Higher Secondary 50

Graduate or above 25

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 79% married

Not working 12.3% Farmer 93% have Agricultural land Student 20.4% 2.2%

Skill Labour Primary 6.3% Occupation 99% Households are Electrified Wage Labour 2.2% PVT Service 6.3%

Homemaker 47.6%

60% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 111 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the five most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are Dairy, incense stick making, livestock rearing, candle making, fishery.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 112

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 16.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Vegetable, leaf, Bamboo, Fruits & Mushroom.

95% respondents agreed that they are not Mushroom capable of making quality products as per the 7.5% Bamboo Wood 18.9% market standards. When asked about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 33.9% require technical Vegetable Silk training on making the product, 32% require 24.7% 2.2% Availability knowledge about packaging their products, of raw materials 30.1% require knowledge on raw material quality assessment and 4% on skill labor. Any other leaf 22.4%

Any Fruits Coconut 18.7% 2.7%

Figure 16.1: Availability of raw materials in Rajnagar

Skill Labour 4%

7% respondents have received skill building Training trainings from government or any other Quality of Raw Material 33.9% private agency. 64% of the respondents 30.1% require training on manufacturing practices, 53% on export of products, 48% on design of products, 43% on testing & quality control, 36% on finance management.

Packaging 32%

Figure 16.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

38% women use smart phones out of which 24% are skilled in doing digital transactions.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 113

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per figure 16.3, 96% of respondents own non-agricultural enterprises, 7% are into processing & selling agricultural by products, 6% own a trading enterprise on a street or in a market, 4% offer any other service or sold anything on a street or in a market, including firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicine etc.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand Lack of Inputs Agricultural By-products Lack of Finance

Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Lack of trained employees

Any other service Cost of hiring new employees

Legal registration Professional services Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 100 200 300 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 16.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 16.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Rajnagar enterprise

200 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the 150 reasons mentioned in figure 16.4. 72% of the respondent face financial issues, 45% 100 lack marketing information as in where the product would fetch a high price & also think that the products have less demand 50 in the area. 28% face poor infrastructure facilities like poor electricity & roads.

0 t e e r The major obstacles faced by women for e ic g e rk r d th a p le marketing is lack of knowledge on the n O m o w o i o t t n enterprise they are running, the distance e ta k c r f n o o p k of their village to market, and seasonal ta s c is n a D ra L problems. T

Figure 16.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 114

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three platforms which they have knowledge is Mahila PayTM e Haat, Amazon & Flipkart.

Jio Mart Women were familiar of the social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 4% of women are using Mahila e-Haat these platforms. 0 25 50 75 100

Figure 16.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250 It was seen that 87% respondents give vegetable 200 waste to their livestock, 79% make compost and 6% discard it. 150

100 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 75% respondents generally burn it, 50% recycle it & 50

42% throw away. 36% have heard about organic 0

farming and practicing it. st k y o c a p to w s A m e o v n C i L w g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 16.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 115 Conclusion: Rajnagar Block

Literacy 94% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

48% are homemakers, 20% are farmers, 6% are skilled labourers and are in private service, 3% are students

Existing enterprises

96% non agricultural enterprises, 7% processing & selling agricultural by products, 6% trading enterprises

Raw material availability

75% vegetables, 68% leaf, 58% bamboo wood, 23% mushroom

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

64% manufacturing practices, 53% export, 43% testing & quality control, 36% finance management

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

74% Lack of Knowledge, 70% Distance to Market, 58% Seasonal Problems

Digital platforms

60% women know about social media platforms

Environment Sustainability

87% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 79% make compost and 6% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 75% respondents generally burn it, 50% recycle it & 42% throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 116 Results & Discussion: ICHAGARH

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

419 3 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

300 Primary

Middle 200 Secondary

Higher Secondary 100 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 50 100 150

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 55% married

Not working 1% Student 66% have Agricultural land 21.7%

Primary Farmer Occupation 78% Households are Electrified 51.3%

Homemaker 21.2%

Wage Labour 2.6% 39% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 117 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the four most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are Candle making , incense stick making, dairy and paper items.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 118

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 17.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are Bamboo, Vegetable, leaf, Fruits & Mushroom.

Mushroom 0.9% 99% respondents agree that they are not Vegetable capable of making quality products as per the 20.4% market standards. When enquired about the requirements to make products according to the market standards 60.9% require technical Availability training on making the product, 29.5% on skill Any Fruits of Bamboo Wood 9.3% raw materials 52.8% labour, 8.3% require knowledge about packaging their products & 1.3% on quality assessment of raw materials as shown in figure Any other leaf 17.2. 16.1% Jute 0.1%

Figure 17.1: Availability of raw materials in Ichagrah

1% respondents have received skill Skill Labour building trainings from government or any 29.5% other agency. 84% of the respondents require training on designing of products, 58% on manufacturing practices, 21% on running machines, 19% on project report making & 13% on marketing techniques. Quality of Raw Material Training 1.3% 60.9% Packaging 8.3%

Figure 17.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

7% women use smart phones out of which 0.4% are skilled in doing digital transactions.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 119

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per figure 17.3, 55% own any small enterprise run from home or on a street, 44% of respondents own non-agricultural enterprises, 6% own a trading enterprise on a street or in a market, 0.72% offer any other service or sold anything on a street or in a market, including firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, traditional medicine.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand Lack of Inputs Agricultural By-products Lack of Finance

Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Lack of trained employees

Any other service Cost of hiring new employees

Legal registration Professional services Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300 400

Figure 17.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 17.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Ichagarh enterprise

There are enterprises in which women are 400 already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 17.4 72% of 300 the respondent face financial issues, 61% think that the products have less demand 200 in the area. 18% face poor infrastructure facilities like poor electricity & roads & 16% lack marketing information. 100 The major obstacles faced by women for

0 marketing is distance of their village to t e e s r market, lack of knowledge on the e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O enterprise they are running and seasonal n w o m o o r o ti p t n l problems. e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 17.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 120

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of being Flipkart operated. Ranking these platforms the three PayTM platforms which they have knowledge is PayTM, Amazon & Flipkart. Jio Mart Women were less familiar of the social media Mahila e-Haat platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 1% of women are using Swiggy these platforms. 0 25 50 75 100 125

Figure 17.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

250 It was seen that 55% respondents use vegetable 200 waste to make compost, 50% give to the livestock, 33% throw it and 0.7% don’t know how vegetable 150

waste can be used. 100

For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste 50

the respondents generally burn it. 38% have heard 0

about organic farming and practicing it. st k y w o c a o p to w n s A m e K o v n ’t C i w n L o o g o r D in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 17.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 121 Conclusion: Ichagarh Block

Literacy 93% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

51% are farmers, 21% are students, 2% wage labourers, 1% skill laborers.

Existing enterprises

55% have small enterprises running from home or in a street, 44% non agricultural enterprises, 0.72% selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets etc & 0.24% trading enterprise

Raw material availability

97% Bamboo, 37% vegetable, 30% leaf, 17% fruits, 2% mushroom.

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

84% design of products, 58% manufacturing practices, 22% testing & quality control, 21% running machines

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

79% Distance to Market, 52% Lack of Knowledge,26% Seasonal Problems

Digital platforms

40% women know about social media platforms

Environment Sustainability

55% respondents use vegetable waste to make compost, 50% give to the livestock, 33% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 122 WEST SINGBHUM

West Singbhum is one of the oldest district of Jharkhand. After the British conquest of Kolhan in 1837, a new district was consequently constituted to be known as Singbhum with Chaibasa as it’s Headquarter. Subsequently three Districts namely East Singbhum, West Singbhum and Saraikela Kharsawan have been carved out of erstwhile Singbhum District with Chaibasa as the headquarter of West Singbhum.

This area is dominated by hilly ranges, valleys and plateaus. Hilly and steep sloping areas provide dense forest cover. The area reveals variation in land use 22.3651° N, 85.4376° E pattern. All the hilly ranges are under forest cover and only in patches cultivation observed. Chaibasa plain 15,02,338 area is mostly under agricultural use. Rice is the major 7,224 SQ. KM crop of the area and limited 5 areas is under wheat cultivation. Apart from this oilseed and vegetables are 1191 MM grown with irrigation. Main sources of irrigation are canals and reservoirs

Blocks Covered:

Noamundi 25% 40% 58% Panchayats Surveyed: Noamundi: Diriburu, Gua, Kiriburu

Net Sown Area Forest Cover Literacy Rate

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 123 Results & Discussion: NOAMUNDI

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

337 5 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

150 Primary

Middle 100 Secondary

Higher Secondary 50 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 25 50 75 100 125

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 86% married

Not working 7.4% Pvt Service 61% have Agricultural land Student 0.6% 11.3%

Primary Occupation 99% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 70.2% 4% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 124 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are candle making, Agarbatti making & livestock rearing.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 125

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 2.1, the top 4 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are leaf, fruit, vegetable, bamboo & mushroom.

97% agreed that they are not capable of Mushroom making products as per the market standards Vegetable 7.8% Silk 1.9% and quality. When asked about the 0.3% requirements to make products according to the market standards 27.1% require technical training on making the product, 24.4% require Availability knowledge about the packaging their products, Any Fruits of 31.8% raw materials 47.9% require knowledge on raw material quality assessment and skill labor as shown in Any other leaf figure 18.2. 47.5%

Figure 18.1: Availability of raw materials in Noamundi

Others 0.6% None of the respondents have received Skill Labour 21.8% Training skill building trainings from government or 27.1% any other agency. 95% require training on pricing of products & services & running machines, 94% on marketing techniques, 93% on designing.

Quality of Raw Material 26.1% Packaging 24.4%

Figure 18.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

5% women use smartphones and only 0.59% are skilled in doing digital transaction using mobile.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 126 Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per figure 18.3, majority of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises. The agricultural produce is sold by 99% of the households in nearby markets, 1% run non agricultural enterprises. None of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products & none are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 100 200 300 400 0 25 50 75

Figure 18.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Figure 18.4: Constraining factors for expansion of Ichagarh enterprise

There are enterprises in which women are 75 already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 18.4. 21% don’t have lack of inputs, 17% don’t have 50 market information and 2% lack trained employees.

25 The major obstacles faced by women for marketing is lack of knowledge on the enterprise they are running, distance of

0 village to the market and seasonal t e e s r problems. e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O n w o m o o r o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 18.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 127

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are Flipkart the online platforms they are aware of being operated. The respondents only knew about Swiggy flipkart. e-NAM 5% of women were familiar of the social media PayTM platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram Jio Mart and Twitter, but only 05% of women are using these platforms. Mahila e-Haat

0 5 10 15 20 25

Figure 18.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

400

It was seen that 97% respondents give vegetable 300 waste to their livestock as fodder, 68% make 200 compost and 9% discard it.

100 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste

the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 1% 0

have heard about organic farming and practicing it. st k y o c a p to w s A The reason for not practicing organic farming was m e o v n C i L w lack of knowledge. g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 18.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 128 Conclusion: Noamundi Block

Literacy 99% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

70% are homemakers, 11% are students, 8% are self employed, 2% are wage labourers

Existing enterprises

99% small enterprises,2% non agricultural enterprises

Raw material availability

99% leaf, 66% fruits, 33% vegetables, 22% bamboo & 16% mushroom

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

95% pricing of products & services, 95% running machines, 94% marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

21% Lack of knowledge,2% Distance to market,2% seasonal problems

Digital platforms

5% women know about social media platforms, 6 % households have used Flipkart services

Environment Sustainability

97% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 68% make compost and 9% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 129 EAST SINGBHUM

East Singbhum district is situated at the southeast corner of Jharkhand. It has been formed after isolating nine block from old Singbhum on 16th January 1990. From the industrial growth and mining quarrying point of view, this district has a leading position in Jharkhand. The district has varied landforms like high hill ranges, eroded valleys and undulating land.

Due to varied landscape the forest cover is found in different proportion in different areas. Plains associated with Subarnarekha basin recorded considerable 22.4867° N, 86.4997° E deforestation but Dalma and Dhanjori highland area are under thick forest cover. 5 The sal trees are 22,93,919 dominant in this area. Other treeS are gamhar, mango, 3,562 SQ. KM jamun, jack fruit, karanj, palas etc. Plains of Dhalbhum is quite productive for agriculture and farmers go for 1200-1400MM vegetable and seasonal fruit crop apart from paddy due to irrigation facility by Chandil dam, Dih Barrage and Icha dam

Blocks Covered:

Mango Panchayats Surveyed:

30% 33% 76% Mango: Adityapur, Birsanagar, Dimna, Gamaria, Jaikan, Kalikapur, Kandra, Mango, Agrico, Patwabad Net Sown Area Forest Cover Literacy Rate Golmuri: Baridhi, Bhalubasa, Burma Mines, Dimna Basti, Golmuri, Govindpur, Namda Basti, Sakchi, Sidgoda.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 130 Results & Discussion: MANGO

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

153 10 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

75 Primary

Middle 50 Secondary

Higher Secondary 25 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 10 20 30 40

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 70% married

Not working 6.2% Petty Trader 0.7% 3% have Agricultural land Student 20.7%

Primary Occupation 91% Households are Electrified Retired 0.7%

Homemaker 57.9% 49% have Access to smart phones BASELINE REPORT | 2020 131 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are candle making, incense stick making and paper items.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 132

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 19.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are vegetable, bamboo, fruits, leaf & jute.

None of the respondents think that they are

Mushroom capable of making products as per the market 0.7% standards and quality. When asked about the Bamboo Wood requirements to make products according to Vegetable 24.2% 27% the market standards 51.9% requires technical training on making the product, 0.8% requires knowledge about the packaging their products. Availability of 4.2% require knowledge on raw material raw materials Jute quality assessment and 41.5% on skill labor as 9.9% shown in figure 19.2. Silk 0.2% Any Fruits 20.6% Any other leaf Coconut 16.7% 0.2%

Figure 19.1: Availability of raw materials in Mango Others 0.8%

None of the respondents have received

skill building trainings from government or Skill Labour any other private agency. 69% require 41.5% training on designing of products, 45% on Training 51.9% export, 41% on running machines, 23% on manufacturing practices.

Quality of Raw Material 4.2%

Figure 19.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard

Digitization

24% women use smartphones and 15% are skilled in doing digital transactions using mobile phones.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 133

Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

As per figure 19.3, 28% of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which have been categorized as small enterprises, 58% run non agricultural enterprises, 1% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products, 1% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines. 10% offer professional services from home such as tutor, midwife, mason.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100

Figure 19.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Mango Figure 19.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

75 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the reasons mentioned in figure 19.4. 54% face 50 financial constraints, 51% think that there product lack demand locally, 34% lack trained employees, 1% lack inputs, 3% 25 don’t have market information understanding which market is appropriate for the product in order to

0 fetch higher price of their product. t e e s r e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O n w o m o o r o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 19.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 134

Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon The respondents were asked about what are Flipkart the online platforms they are aware of being operated. The respondents commonly use Swiggy Amazon, Flipkart & PayTm e-NAM 10% of women were familiar of the social PayTM media platforms like Whatsapp, Facebook, Jio Mart Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% of women are using these platforms. Mahila e-Haat

0 25 50 75 100

Figure 19.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

80

It was seen that 47% respondents give vegetable 60 waste to their livestock, 38% make compost and 14% 40 throw it.

20 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste

the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 2% 0

have heard about organic farming and practicing it. st k y o c a p to w s A The reason for not practicing organic farming was m e o v n C i L w lack of knowledge. g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 19.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 135 Conclusion: Mango Block

Literacy 90% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

55% are homemakers, 20% are students,6% are wage labor.

Existing enterprises

58% non agricultural enterprises, 29% small enterprises

Raw material availability

94% vegetable, 84% Bamboo, 72% fruits, 34% jute, 2% mushroom

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

95% pricing of products & services, 95% running machines, 94% marketing techniques

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

55% lack of knowledge, 38% Distance to market, 37% Transportation price

Digital platforms

10% of women were familiar of the social media platforms but only 2% of women are using them these platforms.

Environment Sustainability

47% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 38% make compost and 14% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 136 Results & Discussion: Golmuri

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

295 10 Women Surveyed Panchayats

RESPONDENT PROFILE

300 Primary

Middle 200 Secondary

Higher Secondary 100 Graduate or above

Never went to school 0 General OBC SC ST 0 50 100 150

Caste Composition Marital Status Educational Qualification 57% married

Farmer 1.7%

8% have Agricultural land

Student 36.6% Primary Occupation 95% Households are Electrified

Homemaker 55.6%

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 91% have Access to smart phones 137 POTENTIAL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Assessment of entrepreneurial activities in the area Assessment of activities that have entrepreneurial potential in the area, and which have the potential to grow and expand were interrogated with the respondents. Potential for each enterprise was classified into three major categories of whether they were Feasible, Not feasible and Neutral as per the availability of raw materials, market connectivity and their potential.

From the above table, the three most feasible entrepreneurial activities derived are Beauty Parlour, Agarbatti Making, Catering Services.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 138

Entrepreneurship Potential: Availability of raw materials

In order to understand the availability of raw materials in the villages and nearby areas, and have a potential for enterprise establishment, an assessment based on the above requisites was carried out. The respondents have chosen more than one option, which they think is abundantly available in the area. As per figure 20.1, the top 5 most feasible enterprises for which raw material is available in the block are vegetable, bamboo, fruits, honey & mushroom.

None of the respondents think that they are capable of making products as per the market Mushroom Bamboo Wood standards and quality. When asked about the 10.4% 11.4% requirements to make products according to

Honey Jute the market standards 69% require technical 10.2% 10.5% training on making the product, 9.7% require Silk knowledge about the packaging their products, Availability 2.5% of 4% require knowledge on raw material quality raw materials Vegetable Arecanut assessment and 17.4% on skill labor as shown 13.7% 10.3% in figure 20.2.

Any other leaf Any Fruits 10.4% 10.7% Coconut 8.3%

Figure 20.1: Availability of raw materials in Golmuri

Others Skill Labour 0.5% 1% of the respondents have received skill 17.4% building trainings from government or any other private agency. 70% require training Quality of Raw Material on manufacturing practices, 52% on 3.5%

designing of products & 32% on testing & Packaging quality control. 9.7%

Training 69%

Figure 20.2: Requirement for making products as per market standard Digitization

77% women use smartphones and 38% are skilled of doing digital transaction with mobile.

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Current Entrepreneurial Activities & Market Access

76% of the women households are involved in selling of agricultural products, which we have categorized as small enterprises. 31% run non agricultural enterprises, 1% of the respondents are involved in selling and processing of agricultural by products, 1% are involved in selling firewood, homemade charcoal, baskets, timber, and traditional medicines. 11% offer professional services from home such as tutor, midwife, mason. 1% own a dhaba or eatery.

Non-Agricultural Enterprise Lack of Demand

Agricultural By-products Lack of Inputs Lack of Finance Trading enterprise Poor Electricity Any other service Lack of trained employees Professional services Cost of hiring new employees Transportation Services Legal registration

Dhaba Poor quality roads

Small enterprises Lack of market info

0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200

Figure 20.3: Entrepreneurial activities in Golmuri Figure 20.4: Constraining factors for expansion of enterprise

200 There are enterprises in which women are already involved but they don’t feel the need of expanding them because of the 150 reasons mentioned in figure 20.4. 52% face financial constraints, 22% think that there 100 product lack demand locally, 12% lack trained employees, 3% lack inputs, 20% don’t have market information which 50 market is appropriate for the product in order to fetch higher price of their product

0 as shown. t e e s r e c g e k ri d m h r p e le t a l b O n w o m o o r o ti p t n l e ta k c r f a n o o n a p k so t s c a is n a e D ra L S T

Figure 20.5: Obstacles faced in marketing products

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Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Amazon

Flipkart The respondents were asked about what are the online platforms they are aware of being Swiggy operated. The respondents commonly use e-NAM Amazon, Flipkart & Swiggy

PayTM 10% of women were familiar of the social Jio Mart media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, but only 2% of women Mahila e-Haat are using these platforms. 0 50 100 150

Figure 20.6: Knowledge on Digital Platforms

Environment Sustainability

150

IIt was seen that 43% respondents give vegetable 100 waste to their livestock, 35% make compost and 21% throw it. 50 For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste

the respondents generally burn it or throw away. 0

63% have heard about organic farming and st k y o c a p to w s A practicing it. m e o v n C i L w g o ro in t h k n T a e M iv G

Figure 20.7: Use of vegetable waste by respondents Knowledge of Formal Enterprise

In this section the respondents were asked about the legal formation of their enterprise, whether they have been registered or not, the amount it costed for their registration, revenue generated, sales, expert advice taken from CA in filing tax. From the answers, it was derived that none of the respondents have registered their enterprise.

BASELINE REPORT | 2020 141 Conclusion: Mango Block

Literacy 97% of our respondents are literate

Occupation

55% are homemakers, 37% are students,1% are farmers.

Existing enterprises

58% non agricultural enterprises, 29% small enterprises

Raw material availability

94% Vegetable, 78% Bamboo, 73% fruits, 72% Honey, 71% leaf, 70% jute & arecanut

Trainings required for enterprise establishment/ expansion

70% manufacturing practices, 52% designing of products, 32% testing & quality control

Obstacles faced in Marketing Products

56% lack of knowledge, 46% transportation price, 31% distance to market, 16% seasonal problems

Digital platforms

10% of women were familiar of the social media platforms but only 2% of women are using them these platforms.

Environment Sustainability

43% respondents give vegetable waste to their livestock, 35% make compost and 21% throw it. For non biodegradable waste such as plastic waste the respondents generally burn it or throw away.

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SELECTION OF SECTORS

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On the basis of the analysis of the 10 districts, the sectors have been identified district wise to work upon. Following points were considered before finalization of sector/product.

1. Availability of Raw material: The raw materials related to the product/sector is available in the particular block/district. 2.Suitability in the area: As per the respondents whether the selected product/sector is feasible or not. 3.Involvement of respondents: What percentage/number of respondents are already involved in the particular activity related to product/service. 4.Supporting Agencies: Whether the area has agencies (govt/non govt) related to those product/sector e.g. KVIC, KVK. 5.Infrastructure: Whether the district has proper connectivity to other districts, roads, electrified.

Each points have been given a code for analysis and thereafter total points for each potential product has been calculated, the product/sector with the highest number of points have been finalized for the district. Following are the codes

Code 1: Availability of Raw Material Code 2: Suitability in the Area Code 3: Involvement of Respondents Code 4: Supporting Agencies Code 5: Infrastructure

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BASELINE REPORT | 2020 148 POTENTIAL PRODUCTS/SECTORS

ORGANIC LIVESTOCK MUSHROOM FARMING

DAIRY FISHERY BEEKEEPING

NTFP/LEAF HANDICRAFTS SILK

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