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Comparative Biogeography of the Arid Lands of Central Mexico

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Comparative Biogeography of the Arid Lands of Central Mexico Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Comparative biogeography of the arid lands of central Mexico Jesus Abraham Fernandez Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Fernandez, Jesus Abraham, "Comparative biogeography of the arid lands of central Mexico" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3479. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3479 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. COMPARATIVE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ARID LANDS OF CENTRAL MEXICO A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Jesús Abraham Fernández Fernández Licenciado en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, 2000 Maestría en Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2006 December 2011 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memories of my family and friends: Julia Mendoza (R.I.P.), Carmelo Fernández (R.I.P.), Heriberta Fernández (R.I.P.), Esperanza Fernández, Carmen Fernández, Virginia Fernández, Adriana Fernández, Pastor Fernández (R.I.P.), Raúl Fernández (R.I.P.), Erasmo Fernández and Miguel Fernández (R.I.P.); Federico Bahena Romero (R.I.P.); Federico García (R.I.P.), Cinthia Campusano, and Florencia García. ! ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank my Advisor Mark Hafner, for all his help and guidance. Mark gave me all the patience, time and training necessary to succed in my field of research. The members of my committee, Chris Austin, Robb Brumfield, Chris Green, and Mike Hellberg were unvaluable providing advise, and always having time to give a word of support. The day I went to the field with the Hafner brothers and collaborators, I knew my life would be different, I want to express my gratitude to Mark, Darcey, John and Dave Hafner, and Jessica Light and Brett Riddle for all their help and support since the days in Mexico, to the last of the Louisiana days. I’ve had the pleasure of making friends and interact on a daily basis with great staff, faculty, and graduate students in the Museum of Natural Science and the Department of Biological Sciences, special thanks to Steve Cardiff, Prosanta Chakrabarty, Elizabeth Derryberry, Donna Dittman, Tammie Jackson, Prissy Milligan, Tom Moore, Fred Sheldon, Adrienne Steele, Richard Stevens, and Bill Wischusen. The following persons kindly donated tissues and specimens for use in this study: Joe Cook, University of New Mexico, Museum of Southwestern Biology; Roxana Acosta and Juan Morrone, Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera,” Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M.); Fernando Cervantes,Yolanda Hortelano, and Julieta Vargas of the Colección Nacional de Mamíferos, Instituto de Biología, UNAM; Mark Hafner and Jessica Light of the Louisiana State University, Museum of Natural Science; Brett Riddle and Stacy Mantooth, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Dave Hafner, New Mexico Museum of Natural History; Duke Rogers, Monty L. ! iii Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University; José Ramírez-Pulido and Noé. González, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Juan Carlos López Vidal, Colección de Mamíferos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional; María del Carmen Corona V., Departamento de Agrobiología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Robert Baker and Heath Garner, Museum of Texas Tech University; Fred Stangl, Midwestern State University; Veronica Rosas of Universidad de Guadalajara; and Robert Fisher, National Museum of Natural History. The following persons kindly helped with laboratory protocols: Marjorie Matocq and C. R. Feldman; L. Márquez V., Automatic Sequencer Facility, Instituto de Biología, U.N.A.M., Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas, U.N.A.M.; and Roxana Acosta, Jorge Falcón, and Juan Carlos Windfield kindly helped during fieldwork in México. Thanks to Fernando Cervantes, Dave Hafner, and Mark Hafner, and B. Lim for their critical evaluations of manuscripts., and the anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation of manuscripts. Thank you very much to all the graduate students that generously gave their friendship, this tie will last for the rest of our lives: Nati Aristizabal, Gustavo Bravo, Reid Brennan, Clare Brown, Laura Brown, Tony Chow, Santiago Claramunt, Andres Cuervo, Adriana Dantin, Valerie Derouen, Sandra Galeano, Amber Gates, Dency Gawin, Richard Gibbons, Heather and Nathan Jackson, Mike Harvey, Sarah Hird, Dan Lane, James Maley, Verity Mathis, John McCormack, Caleb McMahan, John McVay, Fabi Mendoza Luciano Naka, Lori Patrick, Whitney Pilcher, Carlos Prada, Noha Reid, Eric Rittmeyer, Maria Sagot, César Sánchez, Sebas Tello, Yalma Vargas and Amanda Zellmer. ! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Literature Cited ........................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF A RARE ENDEMIC: NELSON’S WOODRAT (NEOTOMA LEUCODON NELSONI) IN THE ORIENTAL BASIN OF MEXICO. 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 16 2.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 19 2.3 Results ................................................................................................... 24 2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 29 2.5 Literature Cited ..................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER 3. PHYLOGENETICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MICROENDEMIC RODENT XEROSPERMOPHILUS PEROTENSIS (PEROTE GROUND SQUIRREL) IN THE ORIENTAL BASIN OF MEXICO. 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 43 3.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 47 3.3 Results ................................................................................................... 51 3.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 56 3.5 Literature Cited ..................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 4. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND TEMPORAL CONTEXT FOR THE DIVERSIFICATION OF THE SOUTHERN ROCK DEERMOUSE, PEROMYSCUS DIFFICILIS (RODENTIA: CRICETIDAE). 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 64 4.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 67 4.3 Results ................................................................................................... 71 4.4 Discussion ............................................................................................. 74 4.5 Literature Cited ..................................................................................... 81 CHAPTER 5. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MEXICAN ENDEMIC KANGAROO RAT, DIPODOMYS PHILLIPSII ! v (RODENTIA: HETEROMYIDAE). 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 88 5.2 Materials and Methods .......................................................................... 91 5.3 Results ................................................................................................... 97 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................... 102 5.5 Literature Cited ................................................................................... 109 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................ 116 APPENDIX 3.1 ........................................................................................................... 122 APPENDIX 4.1 ........................................................................................................... 127 APPENDIX 4.2 ........................................................................................................... 131 APPENDIX 5.1 ........................................................................................................... 134 APPENDIX 5.2 ..........................................................................................................
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