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AUTHOR Anderson, Paul S. TITLE Seeking a Core of Wo' -'d Regional Place Names: An Analysis of Published Materials. PUB DATE 14 Oct 89 NOTE 18p.; Paper presentel at the Annual Meeting of the National Council for Geographic Education (Hershey, PA, October 11-14, 1989). Updated April 1990. PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -- Reference Materials - Geographic Materials (133) -- Information Analyses (070)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education; *Geographic Location; *Geography Instruction; *Minimum Competencies; * IDENTIFIERS Place Names

ABSTRACT Knowing place names is not the essence of geography, but some knowledge of names of geographical locations is widely considered to be basic information. Whether used in general cultural literacy, lighthearted Trivial Pursuit, educational sixth grade social studies, or serious debates on world events, place names and their locations are assumed to be known. At the college level of world courses, five books with lists of place names are in print by geographers: Fuson; MacKinnon; Pontius and Woodward; DiLisio; and Stoltman. Those five sources plus place name lists by P.S. Anderson and from Hirsch reveal similarities and diversities in their content. A core list of place names is presented with several cross-classifications by , type of geographic feature, and grade level of students. The results reveal a logical progression of complexity that could assist geography educators to increase student learning and avoid duplication of efforts. There will never be complete agreement about any listing of the core geographical place names, but the presented lists are intended to stimulate discussion along constructive avenues. (Author)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. '.

Seeking A Core gi World 3.2.41.L2na1 Geography Place Names! An Analysis of EgblishedMaterials. Paul S. Anderson, Ph.D. Department of Geography - llinois State University Normal, IL 61761

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BEST COPY AVAILABLE Seekiut a Core of World Rational Geography PlaceNames: An Analysis of Published Materials

Paul S. Anderson, Ph.D. Departaent of Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal, IL 61761

ABSTRACT

Knowing place names is not theessence of geography, but some knowledge of names of geographical locations is widelyconsidered to be basic informa- tion. Whether used in general cultural literacy (ala E.D. Hirsch, Jr.), lighthearted Trivial Pursuit, educational sixthgrade social studies, or serious d'-bates on world events, placenames and their locations are assumed to be known.At the college level of world regional geographycourses, five books with lists of placenames are in print by geographers: Fuson; MacKinnon; Pontius and Woodward; DiLisio; and Stoltman. Those five sources plus place name lists by the author ana from Hirsch revealsimilarities and diversities in their content.A core list of place names has been prepared with several cross-classifications by region,type of geographic feature, and grade level of students. The results reveal a logical progression ofcom- plexity that could assist geography educators to increasestudent learning and avoid duplication of efforts. TI"re will never be complete agreement about any listing of the core geographical place names, but the presented listsare intended to stimulate discussion along constructiveavenues.

[Paper presented at the annual conferenceof the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE), Hershey,Pennsylvania, 11-14 October 1989.] With update, April 1990. See page 7.

I. INTRODUCTION

Geography is far more thana list of place names. On the other hand, geography without reference to specific places would bea cold, abstract dis- cipline estranged from its historical roots and major traditions. Some knowledge of the nodes of geographical locations is widely consideredto be basic knowledge not only for professional geographers,but for the general public, including school children. Whether used in general cultural literacy, lighthearted Trivial Pursuit, social studiesclassrooms, news broadcasts or serious debates on world events, placenames and their locations are often as- sumed to be known. The resurgence of geography education in recentyears can be partially linked to media attentionto the lack of geographic literac, The most common measurement of geographic literacy has beenplace name knowledge.

Tha recognition that people needsome place name knowledge raises the question of what should be learned. Two crucial variables are the learners' educational levels (adults should knowmore than grade school children) and their geographic locations. People need to learn more about areas in which they live or with which they have majorcurrent or historical ties. For ex- ample, children in Pennsylvania know (and need to know) relativelymore about

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3 their home state than about Illinoisor California. In China, Italy and the people learn (andneed to learn) more about their respective: countries than about the other countries.Furthermore, because of cultural origins such as the Roman Empire and historicalties through immigration and World War II, people in the UnitedStates normally learn more about Italy than about China. Right or wrong, this is how the learningof geographic locations operates in our societies. People learn about what is of most interest and use to them, or what teachers and school boards indicateas being most impor- tant to learn.

The specification of what isto be learned is far easier and more common than indicating what is not to be learned.The "not-to-be-learned" informa- tion, whether placenames or chemical formulae or works of art, is seldom specified because there isno upper limit on learning. Such items are notice- able only by their omission from the "to-be-learned"materials that are con- sidered "basic" or "essential."

Whether consciously or not,every teacher and textbook author is ac- tively involved in the specification of the"to-be-learned" information. Clear specification is important, but educatorsshould not glory in the act of specifying a list. As Samuel Johnson wrote:

"There is no matter what childrenshould learn first, any more than what leg you should put intoyour breeches first. Sir, you may stand disputing which is bestto put in first, but in the meantime your backside is bare. Sir, while you stand considering which of two things you should teach your child first, another boyhas learn't 'em both."

Although Johnson says to avoid disputesabout the order of learning, he does imply that specific itemsare to be learned and can be determined. Indeed, the bestseller book Cultural Literacy byE.D. Hirsch, Jr. (1987), strongly argues that a clear statement of core knowledge isa vital component for the education of a civilized population. The category "world geography place names" is one of twenty-three "subjectsections" used by Hirsch and hisco- authors in the Ailbionary of Cultural Literacy (1988).

II. DETERMINING A CORE LIST OF PLACENAMES

The remainder of thispaper is a review and synthesis of the published efforts to specify thecore geographic place names that shculd be known by residents of the United States. There is no attempt to equate the resultant lists with what should be known by Italians,Chinese, Brazilians, Australians or anyone else. Similarities between lists for different nationalgroups are expected, but that is not an issue of thispaper.

Two reasonable expectationscan he used when making a content list for a subject. First, when several experts in the fieldprepare lists indepen- dently, the items foundon the majority of those lists can be a reasonable basis for defining thecore list. This method was also used by Bacon and Green (1981) when they listed thecore concepts of introductory physical geog- raphy. Second, a core list for educated people isbuilt upon and includes the

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4 items that constitute essential knowledgeof less educated (generally younger) populations.That is what young students learn is normally included widlin the core items for adults. For example, the cultural literacy lists by Hirsch and his co-authors for third, sixth and twelfthgrade students are cumulative.

At least five full-fledged publicationsattempt to specify what geographic place names should be known (orat least be attempted to be learned) by American college studentsenrolled in a co'irse such as "World Regional Geography."The book authors are all accomplished geography educators (in alphabetical order):

DiLisio, James E., Towson State University,Towson, Maryland Fuson, Robert, University of South Florida (Emeritus),Tampa, Florida MacKinnon, Richard M., Allan Hancock College,Santa Maria, California Pontius, Steven K. and Susan L. Woodward, RadfordUniversity, Radford, Virginia Stoltman, Joseph P., Wester:. Michigan University,Kalamazoo, Michigan

The most recent editions of all five bookswere published between 1986 and 1989. Their distinct similarities and differencesare discussed in Appendix A. A sixth list compiled by the author during thepast twelve semesters was included in the comparisons. Finally, the geography lists from the Cultural Literacy Foundation were utilized.

In fairness to all seven source lists,no one list was dominant. Every list had some noteworthy omissions, pro-ablybecause of editorial oversights. All sources ended with at leastseventy percent of their listed places in- cluded on the core list.

III. COMMENTS ABOUT THE CORE LISTS

The core lists as compiled from theseven sources are presented as Ap- pendix B. Each of the following geographic hasa separate list con- sisting of the number of names indicated inparentheses.

1. Macro World (overview plusocean and polar regions) (116) 2. Anglo America (152) 3. (95) 4. South of the (95) 5. Northern Africa (23) 6. (excluding USSR) (127) 7. USSR (59) 8. East and South (108) 9. Middle Fast (southwest Asia) (63) 10. and (46)

The total is approximately 800 separate placenames. A few entries are duplicates, such as most of the Marco Worldlist and border locations like .ountains on the lists for Europe and USSR. A few other entries such as Cuba are listed only once although thename refers to both an island and a country. The place names are organizedon each list in the following five divisions: 1. Retions and Terrain Features: Montains, Deserts, etc. 2. Cities: Urban and .ndustrial Areas 3. Water Features: Rivers, Lakes, etc. 4. Political Units: Countries, States, etc.

There is no special order to the items within each division. Alphabetizing the names would serve no major purpose. Frequently the names are grouped by internal regions or arranged in directionalorder, such as from north to south from to Panama.

All items on the core lists that are also on the cultural literacy lists are identified by A preceding 3, 6 or T. These three identifiers signify third, sixth and twelfth grades, respectively,as classified by the Cultural Literacy Foundation. Changes to these three subsets are probable. For ex- ample, the place names in Appendix C were listed as basic knowledge for twelfth grade students but are not on the lists in Appendix B for college level students of world regional geography. Unmarked items in Appendix B are yet to be classified as being essential (E), medium (M) or difficult (D) for the educational level of college undergraduates enrolled ina world regional geography course.

IV. DISCLAIMERS, COPYRIGHTS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

No list will ever be perfect. Many individual users will want specific additions. Also, even the best lists must undergo evolutionary changes to be up to date in accuracy and relevance.

No list content can be copyrighted under the laws of the UnitedStates. Nobody can own a list of publicnames such as the names of the 50 States of the USA. But a specific typesetting and physical layout can be protected by copyright. The lists in Appendix B may be freely copied by all teachers for use in the impruvement of geographic education. Neither this author nor the authors of the referenced books accept responsibility for possibleerrors of omission, inclusion, spelling, classification,etc. Suggestions for improve- ment are welcome, but there is no need for debate. Any users who desire to add, delete or modify the lists in any way may do so provided theyuse common academic practices to acknowledge that changes have been made to lists provided by others.

The future of these lists will dependupon their reception and usage by teachers and other scholars.Therefore, comments pro and con from each user would be helpful and appreciated. Expecially if there is some concensus about the utility of these lists, the author intends to enter them into a simple computerized database to categorize,sort and print appropriate com- binations and sub-sets of the lists. For example, an alphabetized list of cities in North and for sixth grade classes could be easilygen- erated. If warranted, the author will endeavor to provide such lists and/or the entire database in cooperation with geography professional societies.

Additional support items such as brief commentaries about places, study

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6 guides, exercises, examinations,outline maps and maps with printed place names are also important. Some of those support materialsare atready avail- able within the books cited in AppendixA. The success of those books and other support materials restslargelyupon the response of the potential users. Comments are sincerely requested.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bacon, Robert S. and Jerry E. Green (1981). "CoreConcepts in Introductory Physical Geography." Journal of Geography,March 1981, pages 104-108.

DiLisio, James E. (1986). GeographicPlace Names of World Regions. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.

Fuson, Robert (1989). Fundamental Place-NameGeography (6th ed.). Wm.C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa,

Kirsch, E.D., Jr. (1987). CulturalLiteracy: What Every American Needs to Know. Vintage Books, New York.

Hirsch, E.D. Jr., Joseph F. Kett andJames Trefil (1988). The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts.

Johnson, Samuel. Quotation found in Hirsch (1987),page xiii.

MacKinnon, Richard M. (1986). World Place LocationLearning System (4th ed.). Allan Hancock College, Santa Maria, California.

Pontius, Steven K. and Susan L. Woodward (1987).Regional Geography: Global Pattern,' (2nd ed.). Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque,Iowa.

Stoltman, F. Joseph P. (1987). Goode's AtlasPlace Location Study Guide. Rand McNally, Chicago, Illinois.

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7 APPENDIX A

Five Source Books of Geographic PlaceNames

Five published books about geographicplace names were used in the preparation of Appendix B. All five are excellent and each has specific strengths. None is a substitute for an atlas. All are paperbacks with black ink on 8.5 X 11 inch whitepaper. The brief commentaries that follow indicate a few key differences. All five are recommended for considerationas required or optional supplements for world regional geographycourses. The order below is by date of earliest first edition.

Fuson, Robert (1989). Fundamental Place Name Geography (6th. ed.). Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa.

Intended as a supplement toa standard geographical text. 139 pages, including 30 pages of outlinemaps. Organized by 9 major regions. Place names are presented either withinthe narrative text or as listed items with descriptive explanations. Numerous "self-tests" on place names throughout the book. The author used the book at the University of South Flo:ida, Tampa, where he isa Professor Emeritus of Geography. First published in 1966, this book hasroots 10 to 20 years older than the other volumes.

MacKinnon, Richard M. (1986). World PlaceLocation Learning System (4th ed.). Allan Hancock College, Santa Maria, California.

Intended for use with kuilgIg World Atlas,but a different atlas could be used. 91 pages and 13 units are organized by worldregions. No maps are included; Rand McNally outline maps are recommended. Place names are in topical lists, often with descriptive statements. Frequent "progress tests" and three versions of each unittest are provided. The author teaches geography at Allan HancockCollege, Santa Maria, California.

Pontius, Steven K. and Susan L. Woodward (1987). Regional GeoRraphy: Global Patterns (2nd ed.). Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa.

Intended as a course supplement bookfor world regional geography. 197 pages, of which 144 focus on themes and concepts. The final 50 pages include outline maps plus placenames is, lists without commentaries for 12 regions of the world. No place name questions or quizes but itcon- tains numerous exercises on concepts.Used in a geography course at Radford University, Radford, Virginia, wherethe authors teach geog- raphy.

DeLisirJames E. (1986). Geolraohis Place Names of World Regions. Xenda_dliunt, Publishing, Dubuque,Iowa.

Intended as a manual to implement andsupport efforts in introductory geography courses. 240 pages, including outlinemaps in multiple

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8 copies. Organized by 14 major regions. Place names are in short topi- cal lists with introductions plus briefcomments on selected locations that pose unique locational problems.Numerous "review tests" and "practice map tests are offered". Lessons are based on the Read McNally Classroom Atlas, but a different atlas could beused. Author teaches at Towson State University, Towson, Maryland.

Stoltman, Joseph P. (1987).Goode's Atlas Place Location Study Guide.Rand McNally, Chicago

Intended for use with fide's World Atlas, buta different atlas could be used. The 11 chapters (93 pages) are basedon world regions. No maps are included; a packet of outline maps is sold separately.Place names are in short lista in each "activity" for study. A teacher's edi- tion includes numerous suggestions foruse plus answers to exercises and "check your progress" quizes thatare thematic as well as locational. The author is a Professor of Geographyat Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

UPDATE: April 1990

Two additional books with placenames for world regional geography became available in 1989-90.

Jackson, Richard H. and Lloyd E. Rudman (1990). Study Guide for World Regional Geography (3rd. ed.). John Wiley, New York.

Intended as a study guide .or students using authors'textbook (1990, same name and publisher). 173 pages, including outline maps. Each of the eighteen chapters (which match t .e textbook chapters) containplace name lists which are slightly shorter and more selective than in the other source books. The majority of the book is exercises andac- tivities about geography issues and concepts, not about placenames. The authors teach geography at Brigham Young University,Provo, Utah.

Wyckoff, William K., John P. Wilson and Joseph M. Ashley (1989). World Reimugjllesgmhyis94iokbk, Kendall/Hunt Publishing. Dubuque, Iowa.

Intended to provide learning aids foruse with almost any world regional geography textbook. 179 pages. Each geographic region has key points, a data table, place name lists without commentaries, outline maps (2 copies), and study questions. The final fifty pages contain eight exer- cises that integrate study across the diverse regions. The authors are at Montana State University.

McKinnon, Richard M. (1990). (The 5th edition has been published.)

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9 APPENDIX B

MACWOR89 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: CEO 135 ISU Department of Geography- Geology

List of Geographical Features:hisigAult (Part of Test 1 in course) (plus specific features as indicated byymmr instructor)

REGIONS AND TERRAIN FEATURES: . 'mountain rinses. deserts. islands. etc.

Continents: (approx. sizes in millions 3Africa (12) of square miles Rivers: 3 Asia (17) (Rank by length) 3 (5.5) 3 Mississippi 3 Australia (3) 3 3 Europe (4) 3 Amason 3 (9) 3 Chang Jiang () 3South 4.14Wici (6) Major World Regions: COUNTRIES: (Specify approx. Polar Regions sizes of 6 largest) Oceania 3 India Australia-New Zeeland 3 China (People's Republic) Anglo-America 3 USSR Europe (Lon-USSR) 3 France USSR 3 Italy 3 Spain 3 United Kingdom 3 Japan Middle Eaat (Southwest Asia) 3 Vietnam 3 South Africa South of Sahara 3 Iran Latin America 3 Mexico 3 Mountains: 3 USA 3 3 South Africa (Republic of) 3 Alps 3 Australia 3 Rockies 3 Brazil 3 3 Argentina 3 Appalachians 3 Saudi Arabia Desert regions! 6 Nigeria 3 Sahara 6 Algeria American Southwest (no specific name) 6 Zaire Australian desert areas 6 Libya 3 Israel Islands: 3 Egypt 3 6 TBorneo MAJOR URBAN AREAS: T New Batfin 3 New York Sumatra 3 Chicago 3 Los Angeles WATER FEATURES: . 3 Miami and Rivera 3 Mexico City 3 Rio De Janeiro Oceans: 3 Buenos Aires 3 Pacific-North and South T Lima 3 Atlantic-North and South 3 London 3 Indian 3 Paris 3 3 Cairo T Cape Town 3 Rome Seas: 3 'Macaw 3 Mediterranean T Leningrad 3 Carribean 3 Beijing (Peking) 3 Mexico (Gulf of) 3 Tokyo 3 Hong Kong Currents: (Specify cold or vim's) 6 Calcutta TGulf Stream 6 Sydney Peru (Humboldt) Current North Atlantic Drift Korth Pacific Drift Wert Wind Drift Equatorial Currents (ssreral) Brazil Current California Current Current Latrador Cv-rent

8 10 LATITODES AND LONGITUDES ANDASTRONOMICAL REGIONS: (Numbers in degreeso) 3 Equator -0 6 Cancer, Tropic of - 23 1/2 North Latitude 6 Capricorn, Tropic of - 23 1/2 South Latitude 3 - 66 1/2 North Latitude 3 Circle - 66 1/2 South Latitude 3 korth Pole - 90 North Latitude 3 South Pole - 90 South Latitude 6 Greenwich (Prime Meridian) - 0 Longitude International Date Line - 180 Longitude (approximate) Central Illinois - 40 North Latitude and 90 West Longitude West Longtitude West of the Prime Meridian Grenwich, UK East Longtitude - East of the Prime Meridian Grenvich, UK Tropical (Low Latitude) - 231/2 N - 231/2 S Temperate (Mid Latitude) - 231/2- 661/2 (Both North and South) Polar (High Latitude) - 661/2- 90 (Both North and South) T Hemispheres Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western

ANCLAMB9 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: GEO 135 ISU Departmert ofGeography-Geology

List of Geographical Features: Anzio America (plus specific features as indicated byyour instructor)

ANIONS AND =RAIN VIATVIIS: pountains. deserts, islands. etc.

Group of States: Winnipeg (lake) 3 Northeast (incl. ) 3 South, The Great Slave (lake) 3 Midwest Great Bear (lake) 3 6 Great Salt (lake) 3 Rocky 3 Mexico (Gulf of) 3 Pacific Alaska (Gulf of) 6 Bering () Physiographic Rpgions of USA: Bering (Strait) Appalachian Uplands T Gulf Stream Coastal Plain (Atlantic and Gulf) CITIES: (and urban/ Central Lowlands Great Plains industrial areas) Rocky Mt. Chains (Which are capitals, and in wbac Basin and Range () political unit is each located?) Sierra Nevada - Cascade Chain 3 New York Pacific Margin 3 Lhicago Alaska - central and north Hawaii 3 Washington 3 Detroit Baffin T Aleutian 3 Philadelphia 3 Vancouver Los Angeles 3 San Francisco 6 Keys (Florida) 3 New Orleans Oahu 3 Miami 3 Rocky (Mountains) T Anchorage Alaska (Range) 3 Atlanta Brooks (Range) 3 Boston 3 Appalacian (Mts.) 6 Dallas-Fort Worth 6 Sierra Nevada 3 hoover Coast (Ranges) Ozark (Mountains) 3 Honoluiu T Cascade (Mts.) Minneapolis-St. Paul 6 Seattle Canadian (Laurentian) Shield 6 Salt Lake (City) WATER FEATURES: Rivers, Calgary 3 Monteal Lakes. etc. 3 Toronto 3 Quebec 6 Chesapeake (Bay) 6 3 Mississippi (1.) Ottawa 6 3 Missouri (R.) Vancouver (R.) Winnipeg Mackinzie (R.) 3 Hudson (Bay) STATES: (political units) 6 Hudson (River) 3 USA 3 St. Lawrence (River and Seaway) St. Lawrence (Gulf of) 3 Canada 6 Ohio (R.) 3 Each of the 50 States of the USA 6 Colorado (R.) 3 6 Columbia -Snake (R.) District of Columbia 3 (R.) Each of the 10 Provinces and 2 3 Everglades (swamp) territories of Canada 3 Great Lakaa (5) 3 Greenland 3 Erie (lake) 6 Bahamaa (also islands) 3 Superior (lake) 6 Bermuda (also island) 3 Michigan (lake) 3 Onta-'o (lake) 9 3 Huron (lake) 11 LATNAM89 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: GEO 135 ISU Department of Geogrphy -Geology

List of Geographical Features: Latin America (Plus specific features as indicated by your instructor.)

'SCIONS AND TERRAIN FRATURES: lloumtains. Deserts. etc. ATILIZAZIELLiyitm.

Baja California (Pen.) Maracaibo ("lake") Orinoco R. 3 (and Canal Zone) 3 Amazon R. 3 Andes Titicaca (lake) Parana R. Guiana Highlands 3 laribbean (Sea) Uruguay R. Rio Grande Atacama (Desert) Rio de la Plata (estuary) Panama (Isthmus of) Nicaragua (lake) Amazon Lowlands Negro (R. in Brazil) Mexico (Gulf of) Llanos California (Gulf of) 3 6 Magellan (Strait) T Falkland (Malvinas) Humboldt (current) (Islands) PAM: (political units) Greater 3 Mexico Belize Galapagos (Islands) 6 Guatemala 6 Honduraa 6 Yucatan (peninsula) 6 Nicaragua 6 Costa Rica Horn (Cape) 3 Panama 3 West Inds. 3 Venezuela 6 Colombia 'TIES: (and urban/industrial Guyana area.) Surinam 3 Brazil 3 Mexico (City) T Ecuador 3 Rio de Janeiro 3 Peru 6 Sao Paulo 3 Chile 3 Buenos Aires 6 Bolivia 6 Caracas 6 Paraguay T Santiago Uruguay Recife 3 Cuba (also island) T 3 Jamaica (also island) Bogota 6 Haiti T Lima 6 Dominican Republic Quito 6 Bahamas (also islands) La Paz T Grenada 3 Havana 6 El Salvador Tegucigalpa 3 Puerto Rico (also island) T San Salvador 3 Argentina Managua French Guiana San Jose Trinidad and Lbago (also San Juan islands Montevideo Asuncion Guayaquil (also Gulf of) Guatemala (City) 6 Acapulco Manaus

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12 SOAFIS9 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: CEO 135 ISU Department of Geography-CeologY

List of Geographical Features: Africa South of Ow Sahara (plus specific features as indicated byyour instructor) iBrafinAPiniaLniEnIAL PATES: (pont. units) Mountains. Deserts. Isianda, etc. Cbad Horn (of Africa) Niger (see Somalia) Mali last Africa Mauritania Central (Equatorial) Africa Sengal Gambia Guinea-Bissau North Africa (has separate Guinea list) Sierra Leone Rift Valley (see text, not atlas) Liberia Ethiopian (Highlands) Zaire (Rosin) 6 Ghana Drakensberg (Mts.) Togo 3 Kilimanjaro (Mt.) Benin (formerly Dahomey) Good Hope (Cape of) 6 Nigeria 3 Sahara Cameroon Gabon Kalahari (Desert) Sao Tome and Principe Zanzibar (Island) (also Islands) 6 Madagascar (Island) Equatorial Guinea Canary (Islands) (part of Spain) (formerly Rio Muni) 6 Congo MAUR FEATURES: Myna& 6 Zaire Lakes. etc. 6 Angola Djibouti 3 Nile (also Whit, and Somalia Slue Nile) R. 6 Ethiopia Zambezi R. 3 Kenya Limpopo R. 6 Tanzania Orange R. Rwanda 6 Zaire R. (formerly Congo R.) Burundi Niger R. Zambia Guinea (Gulf .f) Malawi 6 (Lake) TMozambique Victoria (Falls) Comoros (also Islands) Tanganyika (Lake) 6 Madagascar Chad (Lake) Botswana Nasser (Lake) Lesotho Malawi (Lake) Swaziland (formerly Lake Nyasa) 3 South Africa (Republic of) Aden (Gulf of) 6 Uganda Red (Sea) 6 Zimbabwe Canary (Current) Namibia (Admin. Tarr; formerly South West CITIES: (and urbai /industrial Africa) Burkina Faso Timbuktu Lagos (formerly Upper Volta) Khartoum Kinshasa 6 TPretoria Dar es Salaam Walvis lay (South Africa Mombasa Abidjan admin. territory) TAddis Ababa 6 Nairobi Central African Republic Lusaka Kampala 3 Johannesberg Luanda T Cape Town Harare (formerly Salisbury)

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13 EUROPE-2 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: CEO 135 ISU Department of Geography - Geology

List of Geographic Features: Europe (excluding U.S.S.R) .(Plus specific fa aaaaa s as indicted by your instructor.)

MrdOULAWLISIMILMIIIIIAL Insinkaaa, Deserts. etc..

3 Gibraltar 6 Munich (Munchen) Pennines 3 Rome 6 3 Berlin 3 Alps 6 Vienna Appenines 3 Athens Carpathian (Mts.) 6 Madria Transylvanian Alps Reykjavik Dinaric Alps 6 Dublin North European (Plain) 6 Oslo Hungarian (Basin) 6 Brussels 3 Ural (Mts.) 6 Lisbon TSardinia Northern (Europe) Bern Cyprus Western (Europe) 6 Bonn 6 Silicy Eastern (Europe) 6 Warsaw Corsica Southern (Europe) 6 Prague T Azores 6 Budapest Pierian (Peninsula) Tirane 3 Scandinavian (Peninsula) Sofia 6 Balkan (Peninsula) T Bucharest 3 Great Britain (Island) 6 Helsinki Ireland (Island) T Marseilles 6 6 Belfast 3 England (part of UK) Frankfort 3 Scotland (part of UK) 6 Dublin 6 Wales (part of UK) 6 Belgrade 3 Norther* Ireland (part of UK) 6 Venice T Azores POLITICAL UNITS: Countries. YAM FEATURES: Rivers. 'tares. etc. lakes. etc. 3 United Kingdom 6 Rhine 3 Ireland (also island) T Elbe 3 Spain Ebro 3 Portugal 3 Thames Andorra 3 Seine 3 France Po Monaco 6 3 Belgium 6 Rhone 3 Netherlands Oder 3 Switzerland North Atlantic T Luxembourg Drift (Current) 3 Fed. Rep. of Bothnia (Gulf of) Germany (West) 6 North (Sea) 3 German Democratic 6 Baltic (Sea) Republic (East) 6 Black (Sea) 3 Czechoslovakia 3 Liechtenstein Finland (Gulf of) 3 Ita:: T Biscay (Bey of) San Ma:ino Tyrrhenian (Sea) Vatican Ionian (Sea) 3 Cresco! Adriatic (Sea) 3 U.s.S.R. (extends into Asia) Irish (Sea) 6 Turkey (extends into Asia) Norwegian (Sea) 6 Cyprus (also island) 3 Mediterranean (Sea) 3 Norway 3 Gibraltar (Strait of) 3 Danmark 6 Aegean (Sea) 3 Sweden Bosporus (Strait) 6 Finland Marmara (Sea of) 3 Dardanelles (Strait) (also island) Malta CITIES: Urban and Industrial areas (also island) 3 Poland 3 London 3 Austria TGlasgow 3 Hungary 3 Paris 3 Yugoslavia 6 Amsterdam 6Albania TRotterdam 6 Bulgaria T Hamburg 6 Romania 6 Copenhagen 6 Stockholm 12 14 USSRS9 -2 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: GEO 135 ISUDepartment of Geography-Geology

List of Geographical Features: U.S.S.R . (Plus specific features as indicated by yourinstructor)

BirrlintaniiiiRananik CITIES: (and urban/ )fountains. Deserts. etc. industrial areas)

Tien Shan T Kiev 6 Ural (Mts.) T Leningrad T ,'eucauses 3 Moscow 3 (has 3 main parts) Vladivostok Western Siberian (Lowlands) Odessa Central Siberian (Plateau) Sverdlovsk Eastern Siberian (Mts.) Tashkent Kamchatka (Peninsula) Novosibirsk Kuril (Islands) Mau Sakhalin (Island) Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) Turkestan (5 SSR's) Murmansk 3 (historic name) Irkutsk

)MATER FEATURES: Rivers. Lakes. etc. POLITICAL UNITS: Soviet Socialist .ReDALlairs (ISR's) Dnieper (Dnepr) 6 Volga Russian S.F.S.R. Ukraine Amu Darya Belorussia Syr Dar'ya Lativia Lithuania Estonia Finland (Gulf of) Armenia Black (Sea) Georgia White (Sea) Aserbaydzban 6 Baltic (Sea) Turkmen 6 Caspian (Sea) Tadzhik Baikal (Lakf) Baykal Uzbek Aral (Sea) Kazakh Barents (Si), Kirgiz Okhotsk (Sea of) 6 Bering (Sea) T Don Japan (Sea of)

AUSTRA89 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: GEO 135 ISU Department of Geography-Geology

List of Geographical Features:Australia, and Oceania.

REGIONS AND TERRAIN FUTURES: CITIES: Urban and Industrial Mountains. Deserts. Islands. etc. areas)

Australian Alps (in Victoria) T Canberra Southern Alps Wellington Nullarbor Plain 6 Sydney Great Dividing Range T Cape York (pen.) Perth Great Sandy (Desert) T Auckland Great Victorian (Desert) T Brisbane Adelaide Darwin Christchurch 6 Alice Springs 3 Tahiti Hobart STATES: Political_ Units 3 6 3 Australia 3 New tsaland IICIAZ1113/1111LAixtm. Lakes. etc. Darling (R.) Murray (R.) Victoria Carpentaria (Gulf of) Tasmania Great Australian Sight Great Barrier Reef Rase (Strait) Coral (Sea) Tasan (Sea) Co.): (Inlet) 131515 NOAFEB9 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: CEO 135 ISU Department of Geography-Geology

List of Geographical Features: Northern Africa Note: This list nay be used twice; one with remainder of Africa snd once with . mums AND TBRRAIN FEATURES: Mountains. CITIES; urban and industrial area Physical regions. etc. Tunis Atlas (Mountains) Rabat Libyan (Desert) TAlgiers 3 Sahara 3 Cairo MATER FEATURES: Rivers lakes. etc. TAlexandria

Gibraltar (Straits of) SIAM: Political Units Sidra (Gulf of) Nasser (Lake) 6 Morocco 3 Nile 6 Algeria Red (Sea) Tunisia 3 Mediterranean (Sea) 6 Libya Sues (Gulf of) 3 Egypt 3 Sues (Canal) (disputed territory)

=corm WORLD GEOGRAPHY:CEO 135 ISU Department of Geography-Geology

List of Geographical Features:Middle Sant (Southwest Asia)

REGIONS AND TERRAIN FETDRES: CITIES: (and urban/indust. Mountains. physical rations. att:Lx areas)

Anatolian (Plateau)(in Turkey) 3 J les Iran (Plateau of) 6 Istanbul Mesopotamid T Damascus T Sinai (peninsula) T Baghdad Zagros (Mtns.) T Mecca 6 Cyprus (island) Aden T Asia Minor 6 Tehran T T Kabul 6 Beirut RAM FEATURES: Rivers, Lake.. etc. Riyadh 6 Tel Aviv-Jaffa (Tel Aviv -Yafo) 6 Jordan (River) TAnkara Tigris (River) Nicosia T Euphrates (River) Amman Hormuz (Strait of) Dardanelles (str.) STATES: (political units) T Bosporus (str.) Sues (Canal) 6 Afghanistan 6 Persian (Gulf) 3 Israel Olken (Gulf of) 6 Jordan Aden (Gulf of) 6 6 Red (Sea) 6 Lebanon Sues (Gulf of) 6 Turkey Aegean (Sea) 6 Kuwait Black (Sea) 3 Saudi Arabia 6 Caspian (Sea) Bahrain 6 Dead (Sea) Qatar Marmara (Sea of) United Arab Emirates Arabian (Sea) Dean 3 Mediterranean (Sea) 3 Iran (Sea of)(Lake Tiberias) 3 Iraq Yemen (Peoples Dem. Rep. of) Yemen (Arab Republic) 6 Cyprus (also island) T Wept lank (disputed territory) Gass (Strip) (disputed territory) T Golan (Heights) (disputed territory) 3 (historic name)

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16 ASIA89 WORLD GEOGRAPHY: CEO 135 ISU Departmentof Geography-Geology

List of Gec4raphigal Features: East and South Asia IstasayaLnaullimanni Mountains. Deserts. etc.

T Borneo (Isl.) 3 Taiwan (Formosa) (Isl.) Sumatra (Isl.) TJava (Java) (Isl.) Malay (Peninsula) Korean (Peninsula) 6 (Plateau) (Xizang) Mongolian (Plateau) CITIES: urban andindustrial areas Deccan (Plateau) Hokkaido Macau (Overseas province of Honshu Portugal) Shikoku 3 New Delhi Kyushu 6 Bangkok Kuril 3 Beijing (Peking) 6 Ceylon (Isl.) Seoul 3 , The 6 Shanghai 3 T Cuangzhov (Canton) East Asia 3 Hong Kong (Xianggang) (Colony of UK) South Asia T Ho Chi Minh (City) (formerly Saigon) 3 Southeast Asia Colcsbo 6 Indochina (historic name) Islamabad 3 Himalayas T Bombay Chats, Western and Eastern 6 Calcutta 6 Gobi (Desert) T Jakarta (Djakarta) South China (Highlands) 6 Manila North China (Plain) 3 Tokyo Nagoya Kunlun Shane Osaka (with Kobe and Kyoto) Thar (Desert) Yokohama Tien Shan (Mts.) Hiroshima Fuji (Mt.) T Chongqing (Chungking) 3 Everest (Mt.) Ryukyu Xinjiang (Sinkiang) T New Guinea STATES: (political units) (disputed area) Hainan 6 Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) Tarin (Basin) 3 (PL.'.1s) China (Peoples Republic of WATER FEATSRES mainland) (PRC) China (Republic of) (Taiwan) (ROC) Rivers. Lakes. Etc. 3 Japan 3Korea, North Amur 3 Korea, South Huang He (Hwang Ho) 3 Vietnam 3 Chang Jiang (Yangtze) 6 Malaysia (incl. Malaya, Sarawak, Sabah) Xi (Si) (Hsi) 3 Phillippines Mekong 6 Pakistan Thailand (Gulf of) T Nepal 3 Ganges 3 India Korea (Strait) 6 Mongolia Indus Brunei Brahmaputra 6 Taiwan (Strait) Singapore (also Island) (also City) 6 Burma Irrawad0; 6 Laos Salween 6 Paps.: New Gaines Japan (Sea of) 6 Thailand South China (Sea) 6 Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia) East China (Sea) Bangladesh (Bay of) Bhutan sAtabian (Sea) 6 Indonesia ToAkin (Gulf of) )'laces :Strait of) Yellow (Sea) Inland (Sea) Red Yalu Chao Phraya (Menam)

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17 Appendix C

Place Names From The Cultural Literacy Foundation That Were Not Included In The Core Lists In Appendix B.

Notes: The Cultural Literacy Foundation lists had an entire and separate section on American geography because it is the home location of the main audience. Many American items listed below are certainly common knowledge for American college students, but their inclusion into the core list would have been dispropor- tionate for use in a course on world regional geography. Numerous places, although well known, are simply too small to be in the course content. Because of cultural ties to Europe, the :aloe reason to a lesser extent explains why so many European place names are in this Appendix C.

Anglo America gurope

6 Adirondack (mts) T Vesuvius (mt) 6 Allegheny Imes) 6 Mont Blanc 6 Badlands 3 Matterhorn 6 Black Hills T Bavaria 6 Blue Ridge (rite) T Capri 6 Cape Cod T Crete 6 Great Smokey (mts) 3 Holland 6 Najave (Desert) 3 Germany (not split) 3 Niagara Falls T Britain. 6 Erie (Canal) T Highlands, Scottish 6 Potomac (R) T Ulster T Tennessee (R) T Riviera 3 Hollywood 6 Loire (R.) 6 Annapolis T Berlin Wall 6 Brooklyn T Aberdeen 5 Houston T Barcelona 6 Kansas (city) T Aergen 6 Las Vegai T Bordeau 6 Nashville T Cologne 6 Pittsburgh 6 Edinburgh 6 Portland T Florence 6 Saint Louis 6 Geni,a 6 West Point T Gr7.neda 6 Hoover Dam T 6 Long (Island) T taverpool 3 Cape Caneveral T Manchester 3 Death Valley T Milan 3 Grand Canyon T Naples 3 Manhattan T Nice 3 Rushmore (Mount) T Sarajero 3 Yellowstone N.P. T Seville 6 Yosemite N.P. T Stuttgart 6 McKinley (Mount) T Versailles 6 Rainier (Mount) 6 Zurich 6 Saint Helens (Mount) 6 Shenandoah (Valley) U.S.S.R. 6 Times Square T Madison Avenue T 6 Pikes Peak T Cumberland Gap East god South Asia T Cumberland (mts) T Hatteras (Cape) T Okinawa T Whitney (Mount) T Red China T Painted (Desert) T Karachi T Havoi Latin, America T Taipei 6 Delhi (not New Delhi) 6 Virgin (Islands) Middle East (All) 3 Arabia (not Saudi Arabia) 6 T Casablanca Australia and Oceania 6 6 South Seas

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