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45762554013.Pdf Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 ISSN: 1666-0536 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Flores-Alta, Daniel; Rivera-Ortíz, Francisco A.; Contreras-González, Ana M. RECORD OF A POPULATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF Notocitellus adocetus IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 26, no. 1, 2019, -June, pp. 175-181 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45762554013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 26(1):175-181, Mendoza, 2019 Copyright ©SAREM, 2019 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar https://doi.org/10.31687/saremMN.19.26.1.0.02 http://www.sbmz.com.br Nota RECORD OF A POPULATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF Notocitellus adocetus IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO Daniel Flores-Alta, Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz and Ana M. Contreras-González Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Laboratorio de Ecología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala. Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México [correspondencia: Ana M. Contreras-González <[email protected]>]. ABSTRACT. The rodent Notocitellus adocetus is endemic to Mexico, and little is known about its life history. We describe a population of N. adocetus living in the north of the state of Guerrero and provide information about its biology. Measurements were made from June 2015 to October 2017. The species was active throughout the day in corn crops, but not in tropical deciduous forest. Notocitellus adocetus feeds on eight plant species and its burrows are grouped together. Our observations suggested that N. adocetus is not very social. Two reproductive periods were observed in those living among crops and one in tropical deciduous forest. RESUMEN. Registro de una población y descripción de algunos aspectos de historia de vida de Notocitellus adocetus en el norte del estado de Guerrero, México. Notocitellus adocetus es un roedor endémico de México, con poca información sobre su historia de vida. Describimos una población de N. adocetus que vive el norte de Guerrero y proporcionamos información de algunos aspectos de su biología. Se realizaron registros de la especie de junio del 2015 hasta octubre del 2017. Esta especie presentó actividad durante todo el día en los cultivos de maíz, pero no en el bosque tropical deciduo. Notocitellus adocetus consume ocho especies de plantas y sus madrigueras presentan un acomodo en agrupaciones. El número de individuos interactuando durante el estudio sugiere que N. adocetus no es social. Dos períodos reproductivos fueron observados en aquellos que viven en los cultivos y uno en el bosque tropical caducifolio. Key words: behavior, corn crop, feeding, reproduction, tropical deciduous forest. Palabras clave: alimentación, bosque tropical caducifolio, cultivo de maíz, conducta, reproducción. Squirrels (Sciuridae) are currently repre- Cynomys mexicanus, Tamiasciurus mearnsi, sented by 35 species in Mexico, 13 of which are C. ludovicianus and Notocitellus adocetus) are endemic (Ramírez-Pulido et al. 2014; Sánchez- restricted to specific habitats (Valdés2003 ). Cordero et al. 2014). Most of these have wide N. adocetus is a terrestrial squirrel restricted distributions, though several endemic species to the states of Mexico, Guerrero, Michoacán (such as Spermophilus perotensis, S. madrensis, and Jalisco (Villa-Ramírez et al. 1991; Best Recibido 22 enero 2018. Aceptado 25 abril 2018. Editor asociado: S. Solari 176 Mastozoología Neotropical, 26(1):175-181, Mendoza, 2019 D. Flores-Alta et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar - http://www.sbmz.com.br 1995; Thorington et al. 2012; Valdéz & Cebal- The study was carried out at the Cuambio los 2014). This species inhabits dry and rocky locality in the municipality of Zirándaro de environments, such as xerophilous scrub and los Chávez, Guerrero. The study site is located tropical deciduous forest (TDF), is associated between 18° 25′ 49.38″ North Latitude and with farmlands, and may be found between 100° 59′ 38.70″ West Latitude, in the Río Balsas 200 to 1200 m a.s.l. (Thorington et al. 2012; basin, between 209 to 324 m a.s.l. Average an- Valdéz & Ceballos 2014). nual temperature is 28.9° C and annual average Notocitellus adocetus feeds on the fruits rainfall is 977.2 mm (from 1951 to 2010), with and seeds of Crescentia alata, Acacia eight lower precipitation months (October cochlyacanta, A. farnesiana, Prosopis jugiflora through May) (Conagua 2017). Vegetation is and Pithecellobium dulce, as well as those of tropical deciduous forest (TDF) (Figueroa et corn, sorghum and beans. Notocitellus adocetus al. 2009; INEGI 2009). Some areas are used has been observed invading farmlands in sea- for temporary and irrigation crops to farm sons when food is scarce in TDF (Villa-Ramírez maize, sorghum, sesame and, to a lesser degree, et al. 1991; Valdéz & Ceballos 2014). No study mango, plum watermelon, cantaloupe, squash, has been conducted on the associations between cucumber, tomato, chili, hibiscus and beans, in these plants and sciurids in the environments addition to cattle grazing (Duque, pers. comm.; they inhabit. O. Mendoza, in prep.). Most species of Notocitellus are polygynous Prior to this study, we recorded three indi- and have annual reproductive cycles, and viduals of N. adocetus (one in September 2015 N. annulatus and N. adocetus can be estivate and two in October 2017) in the municipality of during the hottest months (Yensen & Sher- Tejupilco, in the state of Mexico (18° 47′ 16.90″ man 2003). Notocitellus adocetus reproduces North Latitude and 100° 23′ 48.12″ West Lati- throughout the year in farmlands, whereas in tude). Also, before conducting our study, we TDF, it reproduces at the end of the dry sea- observed three individuals in June 2015 and son (from May to June) when the production two in March 2016 in TDF at our study site of fruits and seeds is high (Valdéz & Cebal- in the Cuambio locality in Guerrero, as well los 2014). Notocitellus have litter sizes of 4-9 as six individuals in June 2016 in areas with depending on the altitude (Armitage 1981), irrigation corn crops. food availability, abundance of predators, tree Sampling in TDF was performed during the density and population density (Dobson & dry season (January through May 2017), be- Murie 1987; Karels et al. 2000). Burrows can cause more food resources are produced during be occupied by one adult individual with its this period at this site (Murphy & Lugo 1986); young, and the burrows can have more than as for corn crops (irrigation areas), sampling one entrance and several chambers (Yensen & was conducted in September and October 2016, Sherman 2003). since they produce throughout the year. Lacey et al. (1997) reported that the density The presence of N. adocetus was recorded of ground squirrels is from 13 to 16 individu- in corn crops in September and October 2016 als/ ha; Villa-Ramírez et al. (1991) indicated and in TDF in January, March and May 2017. that N. adocetus populations are abundant Direct records were obtained every hour by in some regions of the states of Michoacán, walking through each zone from 8:00 to 18:00 h Guerrero and Jalisco. along two transects; one in the 1.70 km corn Here, we confirm the presence ofN. adocetus crops areas and another in the 1.10 km long in the municipalities of Zirándaro de los Chávez TDF (Bello & Hidalgo 2009; Corlatti et al. in Guerrero and Tejupilco in Mexico. We stud- 2017). We recorded the time of activity, plant ied the population in the north of Guerrero species on which it fed and some reproduc- and provide information on some aspects of its tive aspects. We also placed three digital trap life history, such as the number of individuals, cameras (Bushnell Trophy cam HD, Essential feeding habits and reproduction. E2) at each site during the sampling. Notocitellus adocetus IN THE NORTH OF THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO 177 Fig. 1 Variation per hour in number of sightings of N. adocetus in corn crops and TDF, in Cuambio, Guer- rero, Mexico. activity at 13:00 h and then again at 17:00 h (X2 = 66.45, df = 10, P < 0.0001; Fig. 1). These periods of activity are similar to those reported for this species by Valdéz & Ceballos (2014), who found that the periods of greatest activity occur from 9:00 to 11:00 h. Greater activity at the corn crop sites may be due to greater food availabil- ity (Addisu & Bekele 2014; Kotler 2014). Furthermore, We counted active and inactive burrows in the corn crops are located in an old alluvial corn crops and TDF in three 50 x 20 m plots terrace with a fluvisol-type soil, with influence in each area, following the method established of the phreatic zone due to the proximity of by Bean et al. (2012), who estimated abundance the Río Chiquito, and the presence of native of Kangaroo rats by counting active burrows. trees around the corn crops sites, could influ- Three plots measuring 3 x 10 m were set to ence that this site be more fresh, humid and determine the architecture of the N. adocetus shaded (O. Mendoza, in prep.). burrows in corn crops and TDF, where we We found 46 burrows in corn crops, of marked the distance to the nearest burrow, which 71.74% were active and 49 burrows in the entrance diameter and orientation and TDF, of which 75.51% were active, by sampling the material used by squirrels to build their 3600 m2 in each habitat.
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