Fish and invertebrate identified during the Lesser Antilles Pelagic Ecosystem (LAPE) ecosystem survey, 26th April to 22nd May 2006

Item Type conference_item

Authors Nelson, L.; Reynal, L.; Rambally, J.; Punnett, S.; Oxenford, H.; Fanning, P.

Download date 24/09/2021 14:51:29

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/29181 Fish and invertebrate identified during the Lesser Antilles Pelagic Ecosystem (LAPE) Ecosystem Survey, 26 th April to 22 th May 2006.

NELSON, L. 1, L. REYNAL 1, J. RAMBALLY 2, S. PUNNETT 3, H. OXENFORD 4, and P. FANNING 5 1 Ifremer, Pointe Fort, 97231 Le Robert, Martinique (FWI). 2 Department of Fisheries, St. Lucia. 3 Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries , Richmond Hill, Kingstown, St.Vincent. 4 Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Cam- pus, Barbados. 5 Secretary of WECAFC, United Nations House, Marine Gardens, Christ Church, P.O. Box 631-C, Bridgetown, Barbados.

ABSTRACT During the LAPE ecosystem survey, forage fish distribution and abundance have been estimated by acoustics. At points selected from acoustic traces, net sampling, with pelagic trawl or multi-net nekton sampler, has been used to obtain biologi- cal specimens of the acoustic target. The samples captured during the survey are introduced with pictures and the most im- portants identification criteria used. The discribed micronekton is essentially composed of fishes, cephalopods, gastropods and crustaceans. This set of sheets is proposed as a reference collection to help in pelagic top predators stomachs contents identification in the Lesser Antilles.

KEY WORDS: pelagic ecosystem, micronekton, Lesser Antilles.

Poissons et invertébré identifiés pendant la peu d'enquête pélagique d'écosystème de l'écosystème d'Antilles (LAPE), 26 avril au 22 mai 2006.

Lors de la campagne écosystèmique du projet LAPE, la distribution et l’abondance des espèces fourrage des poissons ont été étudiés par méthode acoustique. Á des points déterminé acoustiquement, des échantillonnages au chalut pélagique ou au multi-échantillonneur à trois poches, ont été effectués afin d’obtenir des spécimens biologique des cibles observés au sondeur. Les individus capturés pendant la campagne sont présentés avec des photos et les principaux critères d’identifica- tion utilisés. Le micronecton décrit est essentiellement composé de poissons, de céphalopodes, de gastéropodes et de crusta- cés. L’ensemble de ces fiches est proposé comme collection de référence pour aider à l’identification des contenus stoma- caux des grands prédateurs pélagiques dans les Petites Antilles.

MOTS-CLÉS: écosystème pélagique, micronecton, Petites Antilles

INTRODUCTION 560m at the top of the trawl. The FAO Lesser Antilles Pelagic Ecosystem project completed a multi-disciplinary ecosystem survey in the Celtic Explorer and trawls eastern Caribbean in April and May 2006. This required a The “Celtic Explorer” is a Marine Insititute research large, multi-disciplinary team operating four largely- vessel in Galway, Ireland. It is also a capable pelagic independent programmes simultaneously; acoustic biomass trawler with a choice of a herring trawl (8m vertical open- estimation, biomass sampling, environmental sampling, ing) relatively small for a pelagic trawl and a larger mack- and a sighting survey. The survey operated in the Lesser erel trawl (30m vertical opening), the latter equipped with a Antilles for 26 sea-days between 25 April and 22 May, three-codend multi-sampler provided by the Institute of 2006. This article is about the biological sampling part, Marine Research in Norway. The multi-purpose net admits especially the identification of forage fishes. At the end of to sample at three different depths, in a single water tow, the survey a guide was made in order to help in top preda- without contamination. This ship is also equipped with a tors stomachs contents analysis. suite of oceanographic sampling equipment (CTD, water sampling bottles, fluorometer) and laboratory space. For MATERIAL AND METHODS this survey, the crowsnest was used for a sighting platform Sampling procedure for a visual sighting survey of cetaceans and flyingfish. The LAPE Ecosystem Survey was conducted from the Marine Institute research vessel “Celtic Explorer”. The Samples treatment area of tracking is ranged from 10 to 19°N and from 56 to During the survey, 96 samples have been done on 44 64°W. For the biological sampling, points were chosen fishing stations. After each trawling the taxa were immedi- most of the time in accordance with acoustic traces in order ately sorted, identified and taken in photograph for the first to identify the acoustic targets. The nets were towed at a representative of a species, genus or family. Differents mean speed of 6,5 Km/h at depths ranged from 21m to Page 488 59th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute books help in the identification of fishes and invertebrates, (Table1). The level of identification is variable between the they are cited in the bibliography under documents used. classes, not reaching the species level in many cases. In proportion fishes are the most abundant with 83% of the RESULTS total catches, cephalopods are second with 10% and crusta- A total of 45357 individuals has been caught divided ceans are third with 7% (Figure2). in 242 differents taxa during the Ecosystem Survey CONCLUSION The LAPE Ecosystem Survey permitted to add pre- cious data to the existing data of the Ecosystem Modelling Working Group (WG). Among the classes caught during the survey, the Actinopterygii one is the more abundant with about 83% of the total catch against 10% for the Cephalopods and 7% for the Crustaceans. These results should not be taken like representative of the density’s pro- portions. The identification of the individuals was difficult, due to the fact that identification keys are normally based on adults description. In order to help in pelagic top predators stomachs contents identification in the Lesser Antilles a slide show has been created at the end of the survey. This guide is an adaptation of the usual description of the spe- cies to the larvae., resulting of several observations made in Martinique at IFREMER and during the survey on the Celtic Explorer.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The FAO Trust Fund Project GCP/RLA/140/JPN – “Scientific basis for Ecosystem-based Management in the Lesser Antilles including Interactions with Marine Mam- mals and Other Top Predators” has been operational in the region since late 2003. The participating countries are An- tigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and with the active collaboration of Trinidad and Tobago. Complementary studies in the French Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique and collaborations with other countries in the region will contribute to the broader applicability of project results. This project is also referred to as the Lesser Antilles Pelagic Ecosystem (LAPE) pro- Figure 1. Track line of the LAPE Ecosystem Survey. ject. Samples treatments were also processed.

LITERATURE CITED Hydr omedusa Cr ust acea Gast r opoda 0 . 10 % Boltovskoy, D. South Atlantic Zooplankton . 1999. Back- 0 . 0 3 % 6 . 7 6 % huys, Leiden. T haliacea Crosnier, A., J Forest. 1973. Les crevettes profondes de Chon dr icht hys 0 . 2 1% 0 . 0 0 % l'Atlantique oriental tropical .Faune tropicale XIX. Cephalopoda ORSTOM. 409pp. 10 . 2 6 % Fahay M. P.1983. Guide to the Early Stages of Marine Fishes Occurring in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, Cape Hatteras to the Southern Scotian Shelf. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, Vol- ume 4. Canada. 423 pp. Act inopt er ygii FAO. 2002. Living Marine Resources of the Western 8 2 . 6 4 % Central Atlantic , (The). Volume 1. Introduction, mol- luscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes and Figure 2. Proportion of classes in number of catches by chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guides for fish- total catches. NELSON, L. et al. GCFI:59 (2007) Page 489

ery purposes. 614 pp. rine Fishery Resource Research Center. Tokyo. 519 FAO. 2002. Living Marine Resources of the Western pp. Central Atlantic, (The). Volume 2. Bony fishes part 1 Paulmier, G. 1993. Crustacés profonds capturés aux ca- (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). FAO Species Identi- siers aux Antilles Françaises . Internal report. IFRE- fication Guides for Fishery Purposes. 782 pp. MER. 34 pp. FAO. 2002. Living Marine Resources of the Western Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney & C.E. Nauen, 1984. Cepha- Central Atlantic , (The) Volume 3. Bony Fishes Part 2 lopodsof the world. An annotated andillustrated cata- (Opistognathidae to Molidae), Sea Turtles and Marine logue of species of interest to fisheries . Volume 3. Mammals . FAO Species Identification Guides for FAO species catalogue. FAO Fish.Synop., (125). Fishery Purposes. 766 pp. 277pp. Martin , J,2000. Les larves de Crustaces Decapodes des Smith, M.M., Heemstra, P.C. (Eds.). 1986. Smith's Sea cotes francaises de la Manche. Identification, periode, Fishes . Mac-millan. Grahamstown. 1047 pp. abondance. IFREMER. 174 pp. Takeda, M. 1983. Crustaceans and mollusks trawled off Matsuura, K. 1983. Fishes trawled off Surinam and Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery French Guiana. Uyeno, T., E. Fujii (eds). Japan Ma- Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 354 pp.

Table 1. List of the taxa caught during the LAPE Ecosystem Survey.

CLASS: Actinopterygii

Order: Unknown Order: Aulopiformes Family: Unknown Family: Synodontidae UNKNOWN Synodontidae

Order: Anguilliformes Order: Beryciformes Family: Anguillidae Family: Berycidae Anguillidae Berycidae

Family: Congridae Family: Diretmidae Bathymyrinae Diretmichthys parini Congridae Diretmidae Pseudophichthys splendens Diretmoides pauciradiatus Diretmoides sp. Family: Derichthyidae Diretmus argenteus Derichthyidae Family: Holocentridae Family: Heterenchelyidae Holocentridae Heterenchelyidae Family: Trachichthyidae Family: Moringuidae Gephyroberyx darwinii Moringua edwardsi Moringuidae Order: Elopiformes Family: Muraenidae Family: Unknown Muraenidae Elopiformes

Family: Nemichthyidae Family: Bregmacerotidae Nemichthyidae Bregmaceros sp. Bregmacerotidae

Order: Gadiformes Family: Macrouridae Family: Ophichthidae Macrouridae Ophichthidae Family: Melanonidae . Family: Serrivomeridae Melanonus zugmayeri Serrivomeridae

Family: Synaphobranchidae Order: Gasterosteiformes Synaphobranchidae Family: Fistulariidae Fistularia petimba Fistulariidae Page 490 59th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute

Order: Aulopiformes Family: Evermannellidae Odontostomops sp. Order: Lampridiformes Family: Lophotidae Family: Notosudidae Lophotidae Notosudidae Scopelosaurus sp. Family: Radiicephalidae Radiicephalus elongatus Family: Paralepididae Lestidiops sp. Paralepsis sp.

Family: Scopelarchidae Scopelarchidae Scopelarchoides sp. Scopelarchus sp. Order: Lophiiformes Order: Perciformes Family: Unknown Family: Carangidae Lophiiformes Decapterus macarellus Decapterus sp. Family: Melanocetidae Decapterus tabl Melanocetus sp. Naucrates ductor Selar crumenophthalmus Selene sp. Order: Myctophiformes Family: Unknown Family: Chaetodontidae Myctophiformes Chaetodon ocellatus Chaetodontidae Family: Myctophidae Benthosema sp. Family: Chiasmodontidae Diaphus sp. Chiasmodontidae Lampadena sp. Myctophidae Family: Epigonidae Myctophum sp. Epigonus macrops Symbolophorus sp. Lepidocybium flavobrunneum Nealotus tripes Family: Gempylidae Nesiarchus nasutus Gempylus serpens Promethichthys Prometheus Family: Neoscopelidae Family: Lutjanidae Neoscopelus sp. Lutjanus sp. Notolychnus sp. Lutjanus vivanus Ocyurus chrysurus

Order: Osmeriformes Family: Nomeidae Family: Argentinidae Cubiceps gracilaris Argentinidae Cubiceps sp. Nomeidae Family: Opisthoproctidae Nomeus gronovii Opisthoproctidae Psenes arafurensis Psenes pellucidus Family: Mugilidae Mugilidae Family: Polynemidae Polydactylus sp. Family: Platytroctidae Barbantus curvifrons Family: Priacanthidae Platytroctidae Cookeolus japonicus Heteropriacanthus cruentatus Priacanthus arenatus Order: Perciformes Family: Acanthuridae Family: Scombridae Acanthurus bahianus Acanthocybium solandri Acanthurus sp. Auxis thazard thazard Euthynnus alletteratus Family: Acropomatidae Scombrolabrax heterolepis Acropomatidae Thunnus atlanticus

Family: Ariommatidae Ariomma regulus Ariommatidae

NELSON, L. et al. GCFI:59 (2007) Page 491

Family: Bramidae Brama sp. Eumegistus sp.

Family: Carangidae Alectis ciliaris Carangidae Caranx crysos Caranx sp. Order: Perciformes Order: Stephanoberyciformes Family: Scombrolabracidae Family: Melamphaidae Scombridae Melamphaes polylepis

Family: Sparidae Sparidae Order: Stomiiformes Stenotomus caprinus Family: Astronesthidae Astronesthes sp. Astronesthidae Family: Sphyraenidae Borostomias sp. Sphyraena barracuda Heterophotus ophistoma Sphyraena sp. Neonesthes sp.

Family: Trichiuridae Family: Chauliodontidae Benthodesmus nasutus Chauliodontidae Benthodesmus simonyi Chauliodus sloani Benthodesmus sp. Chauliodus sp Benthodesmus tenuis . Trichiuridae Family: Gonostomatidae Trichiurus lepturus Bathylagidae Bonapartia sp. Family: Xiphiidae Diplophos sp. Xiphias gladius Gonostomatidae Manducus maderensis

Order: Pleuronectiformes Family: Idiacanthidae Family: Achiridae Idiacanthus fasciola Achiridae Family: Malacosteidae Family: Bothidae Aristostomias sp Bothidae Malacosteidae Photostomias sp.

Order: Polymixiiformes Family: Melanostomiidae Family: Polymixiidae Bathophilus sp. Polymixia nobilis Eustomias sp. Polymixia sp. Leptostomias sp. Polymixiidae Melanostomias sp. Order: Scorpaeniformes Photonectes sp. Family: Unknown Scorpaeniformes Family: Phosichthyidae Phosichthyidae Family: Dactylopteridae Pollichthys mauli Dactylopteridae Pollichthys sp. Dactylopterus volitans Vinciguerria sp

Family: Peristediidae Family: Sternoptychidae Peristedion imberbe Argyripnus sp. Peristedion sp. Argyropelecus aculeatus Argyropelecus affinis Family: Scorpaenidae Argyropelecus hemigymnus Scorpaenidae Argyropelecus sladeni Argyropelecus sp. Family: Stomiidae Maurolicus sp. Stomias sp. Polyipnus sp. Stomiidae Sternoptyx sp.

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Order: Tetraodontiformes Family: Ostraciidae Family: Monacanthidae Aluterus monoceros Acanthostracion polygonius Aluterus scriptus Acanthostracion sp. Cantherines macrocerus Ostraciidae Cantherines pullus Rhinesomus sp Family: Tetraodontidae Monacanthidae Monocanthus ciliatus Lagocephalus lagocephalus Monocanthus tuckeri Sphoeroides pachygaster Stephanolepis setifer Sphoeroides sp. Stephanolepis sp. Family: Grammacolepidae Order: Zeiforme Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Family: Caproidae Antigonia capros

CLASS: Chondrichthys

Order: Rajiformes Family: Dasyatidae Dasyatis say

CLASS: Cephalopoda

Order: Decapodiformes Family: Unknown Family: Enoploteuthidae Decapodiformes Abralia sp. Family: Bathyteuthidae Abraliopsis gilchristi Bathyteuthis abyssicola Enoploteuthis sp. Family: Chiroteuthidae Pterygioteuthis giardi Chiroteuthis sp. Family: Histioteuthidae Family: Chtenopterygidae Histioteuthis dofleini Chtenopterygidae Histioteuthis sp. Family: Cranchiidae Cranchiidae Family: Loliginidae Loliginidae Family: Lycoteuthidae Loligo plei Lycoteuthis sp. Family: Onycoteuthidae Lycoteuthis springeri Onycoteuthidae Selenoteuthis scintillans Family: Ornychoteuthidae Family: Octopoteuthidae Onycoteuthis sp. Octopoteuthis sp. Family: Sepiolidae Family: Ommastrephidae Semirossia sp. Hyaloteuthis pelagica Sepiola sp. Ommastrephes bartramii Sepiolidae Ommastrephes sp. Ommastrephidae Family: Spirulidae Ornithoteuthis antillarum Spirula spirula

Family: Thysanoteuthidae Thysanoteuthis rhombus

CLASS: Crustacea

Order: Amphipoda Order: Euphausiacea Family: Unknown Family: Unknown Amphipoda Euphausiacea Orchomenella sp. Family: Hyperiidae Order: Mysidacea Hyperiidae Family: Lophogastridae Gnathophausia ingens Family: Phronimidae Phronimidae Order: Palinura Family: Unknown Family: Phrosinidae Palinura Phrosina semilunata NELSON, L. et al. GCFI:59 (2007) Page 493

Family: Platyscelidae Family: Palinuridae Platyscelidae Palinuridae Platyscelus armatus Order: Peneidea Order: Brachyura Family: Penaeidae Family: Unknown Parapenaeus longirostris Brachyura Penaeidae

Order: Caridea Family: Oplophoridae Order: Stenopodidea Nosostomus caprinus Family: Stenopodidae Notostomus gibbosus Stenopodidae Oplophoridae

Order: Decapoda Order: Stomatopoda Family: Caridea Family: Unknown Caridea Stomatopoda

Family: Sergestidae Sergestes edwardsii Sergestidae

CLASS: Gastropoda

Order: Heteropoda Order: Pteropoda Family: Atlantidae Family: Cavoliniidae Atlantidae Cavolinia gibbosa forma Cavolinia gibbosa forma flava Cavolinia tridentata forma Cavolinia uncinata uncinata

CLASS: Hydromedusa

Order: Unknown Order: Capitata Family: Unknown Family: Corymorphidae Cunina sp. Euphysora sp.

Order: Hydromedusae Family: Unknown Order: Semaeostomae Hydromedusae Family: Ulmaridae Aurelia aurita CLASS: Thaliacea

Order: Salpida Family: Tunicates Tunicates

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