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Evolution of the Media Market and Its Legal Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina Since the Independence: Special Focus on Defamation

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Evolution of the Media Market and Its Legal Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina Since the Independence: Special Focus on Defamation Evolution of the media market and its legal framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the independence: special focus on defamation Kristina Cendic http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397684 ADVERTIMENT . L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR ( framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING . The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and prev ious authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. TESI DOCTORAL Títol EVOLUTION OF THE MEDIA MARKET AND ITS LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SINCE THE INDEPENDENCE: SPECIAL FOCUS ON DEFAMATION Realitzada per Kristina Cendic en el Centre FACULTAT BLANQUERNA DE COMUNICACIÓ I RELACIONS INTERNACIONALS i en el Departament DOCTORAT DE COMUNICACIÓ Dirigida per Professor Joan Barata Mir Professor Carlos Miguel Ruiz Caballero TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Research topic ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 2.3. Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Hypothesis ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 3. INTERNATIONAL APPROACH .......................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 United Nations ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Council of Europe ................................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 European Court of Human Rights ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Public Officials ............................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2 Compensations ............................................................................................................................................... 28 3.4 Council of Europe and European Court dealing with online media ............................................................. 32 3.4.1 What is media? ................................................................................................................................................ 33 3.4.2 Right to freedom of expression and the right to honor and reputation................................................ 34 3.4.3 Liability of professional journalists in the case of user-generated content and liability of Internet Service Providers...................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.5 Online content regulation ..................................................................................................................................... 39 3.5.1 Online content blurring traditional limits of time and space .................................................................. 45 3.5.2 Jurisdiction ...................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.6 European Union .................................................................................................................................................... 48 3.6.1 EU policy approach ....................................................................................................................................... 48 3.6.2 Directives ......................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.7 Criminal v. civil defamation ................................................................................................................................. 52 4. MEDIA LANDSCAPE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................................................................ 55 4.1. Organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina ......................................................................................................... 56 4.1.1 State organization ........................................................................................................................................... 56 4.1.2 Judiciary system .............................................................................................................................................. 60 4.2. International community vs. domestic political elites ..................................................................................... 61 4.3. Media and political elites ...................................................................................................................................... 64 4.3.1 Media and political affiliations ..................................................................................................................... 69 4.4 Media ownership .................................................................................................................................................... 74 2 4.4.1 Who are the owners ....................................................................................................................................... 78 5.REGULATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA .............................. 85 5.1 First steps towards legislation .............................................................................................................................. 87 5.2 Independent Media Commission ........................................................................................................................ 91 5.3 Communication Regulatory Agency ................................................................................................................... 98 5.3.1 The Law on Communications .................................................................................................................... 100 5.3.2 Financing of the CRA.................................................................................................................................. 102 5.3.3 Structure of the CRA ..................................................................................................................................
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