Machine to Machine Communication Protocol
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M2M Growth Necessitates a New Approach to Network Planning and Optimisation
Machina Research White Paper M2M growth necessitates a new approach to network planning and optimisation May 2015 2 1 Executive Summary Growing numbers of machine-to-machine (M2M) connected devices, as part of the emergence of an Internet of Things, will create challenges for Mobile Network Operators. The absolute volume of devices and mobile network traffic will be ostensibly quite manageable, with M2M accounting for just 19% of connections and 4% of traffic. However, traditional handsets, tablets and mobile broadband connections are relatively homogenous in their demands, in terms of usage, geographical location, criticality, security and numerous other criteria. M2M devices are much more diverse. As a result, M2M devices have the potential to place completely different demands on the network. This White Paper provides a snapshot of the growth of M2M/IoT in terms of numbers of devices and traffic, examines the ways in which M2M can put different and unexpected strains on the network, with a particular focus on connected cars, and finally offers some perspectives on how this might necessitate some changes in network engineering and operations. The key findings are as followings: The growth in M2M devices will be substantial, with cellular connections increasing from 250 million to 2.3 billion in the next decade. Traffic will grow even more quickly from 200 petabytes in 2014 to 3.2 exabytes in 2024. However, M2M will account for only 4% of all cellular traffic in 2024. M2M devices do not behave in the same way as handsets, tablets and other more established mobile devices. This may result in less manageable traffic patterns at particular times and in particular locations. -
“Smart” Stormwater Management
“Smart” Stormwater Management Structural Practices: The Futuristic Solutions Debabrata Sahoo, PhD, PE, PH Senior Engineer, Woolpert Inc, Columbia, SC North Carolina-American Public Works Association, October 21, 2019 Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Agenda • Introduction • 5 Ws of SMART Stormwater Management • Current Practices in Stormwater/Flood Control and Mitigation • Issues with water quantity and quality • Stormwater/Flooding: Quality and Quantity • Issues with Stormwater/Flooding • Historical Flooding in South Carolina/North Carolina • Economic Impacts • Technologies to Integrate water, data, sensing and control • Internet of Waters, IoT, Sensors, Wireless Platforms, Machine to Machine Communication, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Real-Time Systems, Cloud Computing, Big Data and Analytics • Application of Future Technologies in Stormwater/Flood Mitigation • Smart Stormwater Systems • Flash Flood Forecasting • Storm Sewer Controls • Big Data Analytics • Challenges and Opportunities Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Current Practices in Stormwater Control and Mitigation • Use of design storms • Design to lower peak flows • Design to empty within 72 Hours • Store runoff for a minimum of 24 hours to get the water quality benefits Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Current Practices in Stormwater Control and Mitigation Introduction Current Practices History Future Technologies Case Studies Stormwater/Flooding: -
A DASH7-Based Power Metering System
A DASH7-based Power Metering System Oktay Cetinkaya Ozgur B. Akan Next-generation and Wireless Communications Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey Email: fokcetinkaya13, [email protected] Abstract—Considering the inability of the existing energy non-embedded structure. When considering the cost of HEMS, resources to satisfy the current needs, the right and efficient use power meters can be defined as cheap and cost effective of the energy has become compulsory. To make energy sustain- products, undoubtedly. ability permanent, management and planning activities should be carried out by arranging the working hours and decreasing There are several wireless communication protocols in liter- the energy wasting. For all these, power metering, managing ature to actualize the remote control of plugged gadgets. The and controlling systems or plugs has been proposed in recent communication between ‘master and slave’ or equivalently efforts. Starting from this point, a new DASH7-based Smart Plug ‘user and device’ is realized over any of these wireless (D7SP) is designed and implemented to achieve a better structure communication protocols based modules. 2.4 GHz frequency compared to ZigBee equipped models and reduce the drawbacks of current applications. DASH7 technology reaches nearly 6 times is frequently preferred for this goal and ZigBee can be referred farther distances in comparison with 2.4 GHz based protocols and as the most popular member of this band. With a brief provides multi-year battery life as a result of using limited energy definition, ZigBee is a low cost and high reliable technology during transmission. Performing in the 433 MHz band prevents based on IEEE 802.15.4 [1]. -
Using TOSCA for Automating the Deployment of Iot Environments
Internet of Things Out of the Box: Using TOSCA for Automating the Deployment of IoT Environments Ana C. Franco da Silva1, Uwe Breitenbücher2, Pascal Hirmer1, Kálmán Képes2, Oliver Kopp1, Frank Leymann2, Bernhard Mitschang1 and Ronald Steinke3 1Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 2Institute of Architecture of Application Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 3Next Generation Network Infrastructures, Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin, Germany Keywords: Internet of Things, TOSCA, Application Deployment, Device Software. Abstract: The automated setup of Internet of Things environments is a major challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of the involved physical components (i.e., devices, sensors, actuators). In general, IoT environments consist of (i) physical hardware components, (ii) IoT middlewares that bind the hardware to the digital world, and (iii) IoT applications that interact with the physical devices through the middlewares (e.g., for monitoring). Setting up each of these requires sophisticated means for software deployment. In this paper, we enable such a means by introducing an approach for automated deployment of entire IoT environments using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications standard. Based on topology models, all components involved in the IoT environment (devices, IoT middlewares, applications) can be set up automatically. Moreover, to enable interchangeability of IoT middlewares, we show how they can be used as a service to deploy them individually and on-demand for separate use cases. This enables provisioning whole IoT environments out-of- the-box. To evaluate the approach, we present three case studies giving insights in the technical details. 1 INTRODUCTION abstracting the complexity of the devices (Mineraud et al., 2016). -
Fact Sheet: Information and Communication Technology
Fact Sheet: Information and Communication Technology • Approximately one billion youth live in the world today. This means that approximately one person in five is between the age of 15 to 24 years; • The number of youth living in developing countries will grow by 2025, to 89.5%: • Therefore, it is a must to take youth issues into considerations in the ICT development agenda and ICT policies of each country. • For people who live in the 32 countries where broadband is least affordable – most of them UN-designated Least Developed Countries – a fixed broadband subscription costs over half the average monthly income. • For the majority of countries, over half the Internet users log on at least once a day. • There are more ICT users than ever before, with over five billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide, and more than two billion Internet users Information and communication technologies have become a significant factor in development, having a profound impact on the political, economic and social sectors of many countries. ICTs can be differentiated from more traditional communication means such as telephone, TV, and radio and are used for the creation, storage, use and exchange of information. ICTs enable real time communication amongst people, allowing them immediate access to new information. ICTs play an important role in enhancing dialogue and understanding amongst youth and between the generations. The proliferation of information and communication technologies presents both opportunities and challenges in terms of the social development and inclusion of youth. There is an increasing emphasis on using information and communication technologies in the context of global youth priorities, such as access to education, employment and poverty eradication. -
Smart Contracts for Machine-To-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations
Smart Contracts for Machine-to-Machine Communication: Possibilities and Limitations Yuichi Hanada Luke Hsiao Philip Levis Stanford University Stanford University Stanford University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Blockchain technologies, such as smart contracts, present a unique interface for machine-to-machine communication that provides a secure, append-only record that can be shared without trust and without a central administrator. We study the possibilities and limitations of using smart contracts for machine-to-machine communication by designing, implementing, and evaluating AGasP, an application for automated gasoline purchases. We find that using smart contracts allows us to directly address the challenges of transparency, longevity, and Figure 1. A traditional IoT application that stores a user’s credit card trust in IoT applications. However, real-world applications using information and is installed in a smart vehicle and smart gasoline pump. smart contracts must address their important trade-offs, such Before refueling, the vehicle and pump communicate directly using short-range as performance, privacy, and the challenge of ensuring they are wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, to identify the vehicle and pump written correctly. involved in the transaction. Then, the credit card stored by the cloud service Index Terms—Internet of Things, IoT, Machine-to-Machine is charged after the user refuels. Note that each piece of the application is Communication, Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Ethereum controlled by a single entity. I. INTRODUCTION centralized entity manages application state and communication protocols—they cannot function without the cloud services of The Internet of Things (IoT) refers broadly to interconnected their vendors [11], [12]. -
Chapter 3 Information and Communication Technology and Its
3. INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYANDITSIMPACTONTHEECONOMY – 51 Chapter 3 Information and communication technology and its impact on the economy This chapter examines the evolution over time of information and communication technology (ICT), including emerging and possible future developments. It then provides a conceptual overview, highlighting interactions between various layers of information and communication technology. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. ADDRESSING THE TAX CHALLENGES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY © OECD 2014 52 – 3. INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYANDITSIMPACTONTHEECONOMY 3.1 The evolution of information and communication technology The development of ICT has been characterised by rapid technological progress that has brought prices of ICT products down rapidly, ensuring that technology can be applied throughout the economy at low cost. In many cases, the drop in prices caused by advances in technology and the pressure for constant innovation have been bolstered by a constant cycle of commoditisation that has affected many of the key technologies that have led to the growth of the digital economy. As products become successful and reach a greater market, their features have a tendency to solidify, making it more difficult for original producers to change those features easily. When features become more stable, it becomes easier for products to be copied by competitors. This is stimulated further by the process of standardisation that is characteristic of the ICT sector, which makes components interoperable, making it more difficult for individual producers to distinguish their products from others. -
Advancing Science Communication.Pdf
SCIENCETreise, Weigold COMMUNICATION / SCIENCE COMMUNICATORS Scholars of science communication have identified many issues that may help to explain why sci- ence communication is not as “effective” as it could be. This article presents results from an exploratory study that consisted of an open-ended survey of science writers, editors, and science communication researchers. Results suggest that practitioners share many issues of concern to scholars. Implications are that a clear agenda for science communication research now exists and that empirical research is needed to improve the practice of communicating science. Advancing Science Communication A Survey of Science Communicators DEBBIE TREISE MICHAEL F. WEIGOLD University of Florida The writings of science communication scholars suggest twodominant themes about science communication: it is important and it is not done well (Hartz and Chappell 1997; Nelkin 1995; Ziman 1992). This article explores the opinions of science communication practitioners with respect to the sec- ond of these themes, specifically, why science communication is often done poorly and how it can be improved. The opinions of these practitioners are important because science communicators serve as a crucial link between the activities of scientists and the public that supports such activities. To intro- duce our study, we first review opinions as to why science communication is important. We then examine the literature dealing with how well science communication is practiced. Authors’Note: We would like to acknowledge NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center for provid- ing the funds todothis research. We alsowant tothank Rick Borcheltforhis help with the collec - tion of data. Address correspondence to Debbie Treise, University of Florida, College of Journalism and Communications, P.O. -
Internet of Things, Smart Cities, Machine-To-Machine Communication, Analytics, Open Data, Technology, International Use Cases, Business Technology
International Journal of Internet of Things 2017, 6(4): 149-158 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijit.20170604.01 Analyzing the Role of the Intenet-of-Things in Business and Technologically-Smart Cities A. Shinn, K. Nakatani, W. Rodriguez* Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA Abstract This research analyzes and theorizes on the role that the Internet-of-Things will play in the expansion of business and technologically-smart cities. This study examines: a) the underlying technology, referred to as the Internet of Things that forms the foundation for smart cities; b) what businesses and government must do to successfully transition to a technologically-smart city; and c) how the proliferation of the Internet of Things through the emerging cities will affect local citizens. As machine-to-machine communication becomes increasingly common, new use cases are continually created, as is the case with the use of the Internet of Things in technologically-smart cities. Technology businesses are keeping a close pulse on end-users’ needs in order to identify and create technologies and systems to cater to new use cases. A number of the international smart city-specific use cases will be discussed in this paper along with the technology that aligns to those use cases. Keywords Internet of things, Smart cities, Machine-to-machine communication, Analytics, Open data, Technology, International use cases, Business technology 1. Introduction back to the 1800s in which centralized networks were designed to deliver energy and water and facilitate Since early humans settled to cultivate the land and trade transportation; however, “modern cities designed around with neighbours, forming larger and denser populations, it the private automobile, with single-function zoning, are has been mutually advantageous to organize in cities that becoming more congested, polluted, and unsafe” [1]. -
Nodemcu and Lora Based Temperature Monitoring with Oled
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X NODEMCU AND LORA BASED TEMPERATURE MONITORING WITH OLED NAMGIRI SURESH, K UDAY KIRAN, P POORNA PRIYA, M ANIL KUMAR, B AKSHITHA, GOVINDA RAO, M SIVA KRISHNA Department of ECE,KLEF deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh,522502, India [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],anilkumar [email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT In this day and age, the IoT is picking up incredible fame. Installed gadgets have become huge part of our lives. Individuals can screen, track, and do significantly more from Distance from a good ways. Various correspondence innovations have been accessible for collaboration between IoT gadgets over the most recent few years. The most mainstream are the Bluetooth Module and Wi-Fi Technology. Be that as it may, they have not many limitations, for example, restricted reach, restricted passages and high force utilization. So, Semtech is actualizing LoRa innovation to take care of every one of these issues. The gadget runs for longer than a year utilizing a solitary battery. Utilizing Lora Module SX1278 and ESP32 Wifi Module, we can make a Lora Transmitter and Receiver. The strategy for correspondence is highlight point and information is sent from one end (transmitter) to another end remotely (receiver). Keywords: Iot, LoRa, Bluetooth Module, Wi-fi Technology, Esp32 Wifi Module, Transmitter, Reciever. 1. INTRODUCTION The period of associated antiques is currently. IoT (Internet of Things) are of incredible criticalness in pretty much every region of this kind.As organizations, producing, purchaser hardware, car and significantly more. -
Electronic Communication in Plastic Surgery: Surgery: in Plastic Communication Electronic Copyright © 2017 American Society of Plastic Surgeons
SPECIAL TOPIC Downloaded Electronic Communication in Plastic Surgery: from Guiding Principles from the American Society https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg of Plastic Surgeons Health Policy Committee Kyle R. Eberlin, M.D. Background: With the advancement of technology, electronic communication Galen Perdikis, M.D. has become an important mode of communication within plastic and recon- Downloaded Lynn Damitz, M.D. by from structive surgery. This can take the form of e-mail, text messaging, video con- BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD3wxNooCNzZvhCPLdW9NJ2mv6dqe+oOWSEH0yQQpVcu8c= https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg Dan J. Krochmal, M.D. ferencing, and social media, among others. There are currently no defined Loree K. Kalliainen, M.D. by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD3wxNooCNzZvhCPLdW9NJ2mv6dqe+oOWSEH0yQQpVcu8c= American Society of Plastic Surgeons guidelines for appropriate professional Steven C. Bonawitz, M.D. use of these technologies. ASPS Health Policy Methods: A search was performed on PubMed and the Cochrane database; Committee terms included “telemedicine,” “text messaging,” “HIPAA,” “metadata,” “video Boston, Mass. conferencing,” “photo sharing,” “social media,” “Facebook,” “Twitter,” and “In- stagram.” Initial screening of all identified articles was performed; the level of on 03/26/2018 evidence, limitations, and recommendations were evaluated and articles were reviewed. Results: A total of 654 articles were identified in the level I screening process; after -
Microscope Systems and Their Application in Machine Vision
Microscope Systems And Their Application in Machine Vision 1 1 Agenda • What is a microscope system? • Basic setup of a microscope • Differences to standard lenses • Parameters of microscope systems • Illumination options in a microscope setup • Special contrast enhancement techniques • Zoom components • Real-world examples What is a microscope systems? Greek: μικρός mikrós „small“; σκοπεῖν skopeín „observe“ Microscopes help us to look at small things, by enlarging them until we can see them with bare eyes or an image sensor. A microscope system is a system that consists of compatible components which can be combined into different configurations We only look at visible light microscopes We only look at digial microscopes no eyepiece but an image sensor in the object plane The optical magnification is ≥1 Basic setup of a microscope microscopes always show the same basic configuration: Sensor Tube lens: - Images onto the sensor - Defines the maximum sensor size Collimated beam path (infinity conjugated) Objective: - Images to infinity - Holds the system aperture - Defines the resolution of the system Object Differences to standard lenses microscope Finite-finite lens Sensor Sensor Collimated beam path (infinity conjugate) EnthältSystem apertureSystemblende Object Object Differences to standard lenses • Collimated beam path offers several options - Distance between objective and tube lens can be changed . Focusing by moving the objective without changing any optical parameter . Integration of filters, mirrors and beam splitters . Beam