DDS – the Proven Data Connectivity Standard for Iot TM WELCOME to the OBJECT MANAGEMENT GROUP® (OMG®)

DDS – The Proven Data Connectivity Standard for IoT TM WELCOME TO THE OBJECT MANAGEMENT GROUP® (OMG®)

As an international, open membership, not-for-pro t technology standards consortium, OMG Task Forces develop enterprise integra tion standards for a wide range of technologies and an even wider range of industries.

OMG’s roots are in middleware, and one of our most widely deployed standards is the Data-Distribution Service™ standard (DDS™). DDS has already been successfully deployed in private, hybrid and public cloud systems (includ- WELCOME TO TO OMG® WELCOME ing so-called “fog architectures”); in mobile systems and of course general web solutions.

But today’s computing infrastructure is changing dramatically to support new requirements in design and structure. This is no where more evident than in the Internet of Things (IoT), where new types of machines driven by vast, complex industrial, distributed systems, can’t operate without connectivity. These new machines will transform our infrastructure into smart freeways, distributed power generation and autonomous driving cars, etc., revolutionizing the workplace and our lives for years to come.

These new IoT systems need a technology like DDS because it directly addresses real-time systems. It explicitly manages the communications “data model.” Consequently, it’s a “data-centric” technology. No matter what application—from nancial trading platforms, to medical devices, to smart electrical grids, to exploration and production and to transportation—DDS nds the right data and then communicates it to its intended destination in a reliable, exible, fast, and secure manner.

IoT will not only fuel innovative business strategies; it will also disrupt markets that have not been disrupted by the Internet before, bringing huge economic impacts in e ciency and competition. So if your company is just now exploring IoT and is concerned there are so many di erent middleware standards available, let me make this clear: DDS—as the proven data connectivity standard for IoT—will continue to parallel the groundbreaking growth of IoT in the future.

Regards,

Chairman and CEO Object Management Group

2 THE IIOT DISRUPTION - Dr. Said Tabet, Chief Architect for IOT Solutions, EMC Solutions, IOT for Chief Architect Tabet, Said - Dr. - Clark Tucker, President and CEO, Twin Oaks Computing, Inc. Oaks Computing, Twin and CEO, President Tucker, - Clark 3 DDS technologies provide a great foundation for secure dynamic distributed dynamic distributed foundation for secure a great provide DDS technologies many and too with both publish-subscribesystems; and RPC architectures, platform.” high-performance communications list, it is a proven to features DDS is the best open middleware standard for high-throughput and real-time applica- real-time and for high-throughput standard DDS is the best open middleware DDS has protocol, wire the to down layer the application From today. tions available the performance deliver to and dependabilitybeen architected of that modern Internet incor- out to and scale span the globe, up to need as they scale (IoT) applications Things global devices, Life-saving medical embedded actuators. sensors and individual porate are systems generation and power c control air tra international systems, trading stock DDS is in use to- where business-critical applications highly-reliable just four of the many problems these most critical solve to architected and products technology are EMC day. and DDS plays an important these solutions.” in providing role GE’s CEO, Jeff Immelt, famously said that if you go to bed an industrial company, you will wake up a softwareyou will company, to bed an industrial you go if famously said that Immelt, Jeff CEO, GE’s disrup- True without data. help industrial systems software But, and analytics can’t and analytics company. spans the right time, at data the right delivers that architecture communications a single data tion requires will re- technology common That industries. and crosses vendors, between interoperates cloud, sensor to Data-cen- future. with an interoperable and technologies mashup of special-purpose standards today’s place for the hugely infrastructure and secure fast, reliable, ers a scalable, based on DDS off tric communication connected new world. Unlike connecting consumer devices, the IIoT will control expensive, mission-critical systems. Thus, the Thus, mission-critical systems. expensive, will control IIoT the Unlike connecting devices, consumer of a security consequences The breach Reliability is often erent. a huge challenge. very are diff requirements net- already are Existing systems a home thermostat. than for grid the power for profound more vastly are Plus, is a key blocking designs factor. eld” “brownfi in some fashion, and interfacingworked with these legacy electrical or transportation industrial plants, systems mostly small networks, are that devices unlike consumer points. or millions of interconnected thousands many will encompass grids While it will grow slower than the Consumer IoT, the IIoT will eventually will eventually the IIoT IoT, Consumer than the slower it will grow While new infra- bring will entirely IIoT The impact. economic much larger have intel- Truly our most criticalstructures impactful and to systems. societal ciency function and effi improve greatly machines will distributed ligent transportation, virtually energy, across healthcare, including all industries, the strategic to is crucial IIoT The and industrial control. communications, industrial infra- slow-moving traditionally even of most companies, future of a new age is clear. dawn The structure providers. The IIoT Disruption IIoT The advisory and research technology leading information world’s the Gartner, the Smart predicts that in Machine be the most disruptive will era company, smart, will be led by disruption That infrastruc- distributed the history of IT. (IIoT).Things the Industrial called ture Internet of WHAT IS DDS? to understandthedata itreceives. systems. Data ensures centricity that allmessagesinclude thecontextual information anapplication needs is idealfor of theInternet Things. middleware Most works by sendinginformation between applications and There are many communications middleware standards and products. DDSisuniquelydata-centric, which of theirapplications rather thanthemechanicsofpassinginformation between applications andsystems. plifi esthedevelopment ofdistributed systems developersby lettingsoftware focus onthespecifi cpurpose enablesthevarious componentscations. ofasystem It to more easilycommunicate sim- andshare data. It adistributed system,In middleware layer isthesoftware that liesbetween theoperating system andappli- of Internet and mission-critical applications need.Things (IoT) data connectivity,latency extremereliability, advanced security, andascalablearchitecture that business Group. Management from theObject integrates It thecomponents ofasystem together, providing low- (DDS)isamiddleware protocolThe Data-Distribution Service andAPIstandard for connectivity data-centric What Is DDS? DATA CENTRICITY THE PROVEN DATA CONNECTIVITY STANDARD FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS management, etc. are manageby themiddleware. processor architectures. Low-level detailslike datawire format, discovery, connections, reliability, protocols, QoS ming languages allowing applications to exchange informationacross ofoperating systems, languages, and andlow-level transport, network dataformats. The same concepts andAPIsare provided indierent program- The DDS Middleware isasoftware layer thatabstracts theApplication from thedetailsofoperating system,

Platform Middleware Data, Topics, Types, Cache, QoS, Serialization, Filtering, ... Windows, Unix(Linux,MacOS), VxWorks, Android, ... Session, Reliability,Session, Discovery, QoS, ... Ethernet, IEEE802.11,3G,4G Application LINK/PHYSICAL LAYER OPERATING SYSTEM C, C++,Java, C#,... UDP, TCP, STCP, ... PRESENTATION 4 PROTOCOL NETWORK API WHAT IS DDS? QoS QoS QoS QoS QoS QoS DATA READER DATA READER DATA READER DATA READER DATA READER DATA READER Phase -12.20 -12.23 -11.98 QoS FILTERS TOPIC B TOPIC QoS 74.0 122.0 Power 150.07 5 QoS TOPIC D TOPIC 37.4 10.7 50.2 QoS Speed DDS DOMAIN TOPIC C TOPIC TOPIC A TOPIC Source Source WPT1 WPT2 WPTN QoS FILTERS DATA WRITER QoS QoS QoS QoS DATA WRITER DATA WRITER DATA WRITER DATA WRITER Inside a DDS domain the unit of information sharing is data-objects within Topics. The topic is identi and the its name ed by is identi topic The Inside a DDS domain the unit of information sharing is data-objects within Topics. is gure This in a Database. identify records used to are attributes data-object key how is similar to This some ‘Key” by attributes. a server by cloud. or be brokered the data to peer-to-peer and does not require DDS communicates conceptual. DDS provides QoS-controlled data-sharing. Applications communicate by publishing and subscribing to Topics identi ed by identi Topics publishing and subscribing to by QoS-controlled communicate Applications DDS provides data-sharing. only a subset of the data being and get published on the lters specify time and content Subscriptions can name. their Topic DDS domains. is no data-sharing across There each other. independent from DDS Domains completely erent are Di Topic. GLOBAL DATA SPACE DATA GLOBAL DDS conceptually sees a local store of data called the “global data space.” To the application, the global data the global data the application, To space.” data “global called the of data sees a local store DDS conceptually In reality, local storage. looks like your what to write You memory via an API. looks like native space accessed looks like a what from read You nodes. on remote stores the appropriate update DDS sends messages to local store. The essence of data centricity is that DDS knows what data it stores and controls how to share that data. data. that share to how and controls it stores data knows DDS centricity what is that data of essence The message-centric Program- traditional using messages. sends that code write must middleware Programmers and then directly data to share when and es how specifi that code write data-centricmers using middleware DDS directly implements code, Rather in the application all this complexity managing than values. data share you. sharing for data secure managed, controlled, WHAT IS DDS? speeds, and in a very dynamic,speeds, demanding, andinavery environment. andunpredictable The truepower ofDDSemerges whenyou specifyallofthesethingssimultaneously, at extremelyhigh data on-the-fland encrypts y. and automatically translates. For applications, DDScontrols security-critical access, enforces data fl ow paths, cations at once. As data formats evolve, ofthesystem DDSkeepstrack oftheversions usedby variousparts really needs. When updates needto befast, DDSsendsmulticastmessagesto update many remote appli- the changes. thetotal data If size ishuge, DDSintelligently fi lters andsendsonlythedata eachend-point the middleware dynamically fi gures outwhere to sendwhichdata, andintelligently of informs participants their intended destinations, themiddleware implements reliability where needed. When systems change, item inyourevery localstore. aboutsendingjustwhat itneeds. messagesdon’t If DDSissmart always reach including reliability, system health(liveliness), andeven security. areal end-point In system, needs notevery The behavior ofdata communication canbeconfi gured with (QoS) specifi Service of Quality exible fl cations system orhardware platform becomes aneasy, almost trivial, task. diffdiff erences erences inmachinearchitectures, inmachinearchitectures, onany onany addinganadditional addinganadditional operating operatingcommunicationcommunication participant participant forfor communications. communications. there there Because Because orconfi orconfi isnoneed to isnoneed to know know gure gure IPaddresses, IPaddresses, ortakeinto ortakeinto account account the the the application the application canbeonthesamemachineoracross canbeonthesamemachineoracross usesthesameDDSAPI usesthesameDDSAPI anetwork: anetwork: DDS participants DDS participants andmatchingdiscovery ofDDSparticipants. ed communicationsed communications characteristics. characteristics. All All oftheseattributes oftheseattributes are are takeninto takeninto consideration consideration thedynamic thedynamic during during to.to. willalsodiscover willalsodiscover It It thepublisher’s thepublisher’s off off ered ered andthesubscriber’s andthesubscriber’scommunicationcommunication characteristics characteristics request-request- willdiscover willdiscoverpublishing data, topublishing data, to subscribing subscribing data, data, ofdata ofdata orboth.It orboth.It being published orsubscribed being published orsubscribed thetype thetype than discovering than discoveringThisThis goeseven goeseven dynamicdiscovery dynamicdiscovery endpoints. endpoints. further further DDSwilldiscover DDSwilldiscover iftheendpoint iftheendpoint is is necessarily at design orcompile time, enablingreal “plug-and-play” for DDSapplications. munications becausetheyare automatically discovered by DDS. This canbecompleted at runtime and not cations extensible. This meanstheapplication doesnothave orconfi to know gure theendpoints for com- makesyour Discovery DDS provides ofpublishers andsubscribers. DDSappli- Discovery Dynamic Dynamic extremely low-latency. embedded, mobile, andcloudapplications across regardless any transport, oflanguageorsystem, andwith on any initsoptimalnative system, format. seeslocalmemory The globaldata space shares data between tual concept that isreally oflocalstores. onlyacollection application, inalmostany Every language, running what itneedsandonlyfor aslongitneedsit. DDSdealswithdata inmotion;theglobaldata space isavir- This isonlyanillusion;there isnoglobalplace where allthedata lives. Eachapplication locallystores only All together, thelocalstores give applications theillusionofhaving access to theentire globaldata space. DYNAMIC DISCOVERY QUALITY OF SERVICE by onintheIndustrialIoT andthose theydepend oursponsors World.” to playamajorrole inaddressingity distributed datadistributionchallengesfaced interoperability today and evolution into thefuture. DDShasdemonstrated itsabil- ofstandards-based solutionsandapproaches toMITRE isastrong foster supporter Director, NISTNational Cybersecurity FFRDC, The MITRECorporation - Dr. Maybury, Mark Vice President Offi andChiefSecurity cer, 6 WHAT IS DDS? 77 Analytics, Trends, Elasticity, Big Data, Enterprise Integration Enterprise Big Data, Elasticity, Trends, Analytics, - Dr. Stan Schneider, Chief Executive Offi cer, Real-Time Innovations Innovations Real-Time cer, Offi Chief Executive Schneider, Stan - Dr. DDS Admin Domain (Cloud) DDS Admin Subsystems, Control, Processing, Alerts, Work units Work Alerts, Processing, Control, Subsystems, DDS Central Domain (Fog) DDS Central Devices, Machine Elements, Sensors Machine Elements, Devices, System Supervision, Monitoring, Processing, Local Storage, Historian Storage, Local Supervision, Processing, System Monitoring, DDS Control Domain (Fog) DDS Control Machine Domain (Edge) The IIoT requires fast, reliable, secure communication architecture. While there are many many While are there architecture. communication secure reliable, fast, requires IIoT The the performance, besides none DDS provide and the enterprise, in the IoT standards has already RTI rst-class industrial infrastructure. by and security required reliability, intelligent to systems power huge from ranging with 1000 applications, experience what provide to is proven DDS standard The driving. autonomous networks to medical future.” connected join the intelligent, need to systems these real-world DDS systems can span from Edge to Fog to Cloud. At the edge they can be used for high-speed real-time machine to machine communi- be machine to used for high-speed real-time the edge they can At Cloud. to Fog to Edge span from can DDS systems these Integrating ows. information QoS reliable and content-aware robust, provide the intermediary Within they can system cations. and within the cloud. to and distribution of information all the way access scalable DDS provides systems SCALABLE ARCHITECTURE The OMG DDS architecture is designed to be scalable from small devices to the cloud and for very large systems. very systems. the cloud and for large to devices small be scalable from to is designed OMG DDS architecture The at or millions of participants, thousands data delivering scaling across by Things DDS enables the Internet of and security. extreme availability objects, and providing thousands of data many managing speed, ultra-high standard complexityby absorbing in a single, much of the development systems es distributed DDS simplifi layer. communications HOW DOES DDS WORK? How DDS Does Work? sistence, andliveliness. policiescover QoS remedial action. many characteristics, includingurgency, reliability, importance, per- 10msanditsmatchedan update publisherdoesnotdeliver, every thesystem declares anerror, enabling determinism. The contracts ensure QoS thesetimingrelationships. For example, requires ifasubscriber DDS middleware useslogical policies, QoS assetby theapplications at runtime, to balance effi and ciency tion ofscarce resources to distribute data at theright time. failure. Data diff erinpriority, reliability, DDSbalances timing, properties. utiliza- andothernon-functional systemsReal-time interact withthereal world. right data too late Data mustbeavailable isa ontime—the produced willbedelivered. This greatly simplifi esapplication development anderror handling. pair.subscriber canbesure alive ADDSsubscriber that andthat itspeerpublisherisactually any data implements aQoS-enforced logical channelfor It QoS. eachdata stream between each publisher- (QoS). Following asuccessfulQuality-of-Service match, DDSenforces according timelydistribution to the DDS dynamicallydiscovers publishersandsubscribers, theywant thedata to types share, andtherelated tains data soitisreadily available. Data mustbeavailable where itisneeded, to facilitate self-forming systems. DDSdistributes andmain- effi cientoften approach can save 90%ofthe data communications inmanyoverhead systems. send onlyboilertemperatures over 300(content fi lter) with at most ten updates persecond (rate). This content, ageand/orlifecycle to provide applications withonlythedata theyneed. For example, you can solution,DDScanunderstandtheschemaofsharedAs adata-centric data. This allows itto fi lter on bandwidth andprocessing power, andminimizes overall application complexity. Interest-based fi ltering canapply to both content anddata rates. With proper implementation, DDSsaves Not alldata needsto Middleware shouldonlydeliver beeverywhere. thedata that consumers really need. ofthelogically shared dataspace.portions decoupled publishersandconsumers. DDSimplements globaldata space by carefully replicating relevant The maingoalofDDSisto share theright data at theright place at therighttime, even between time- THE RIGHT TIME THE THE RIGHT PLACE THE RIGHT DATA HIGH LEVEL DATA-CENTRIC INTERFACES REPLACE MESSAGE-CENTRIC PROGRAMMING 8 UNDERLYING TECHNICAL CONCEPTS HOW DOES DDS WORK? • Relational data modeling: DDS addresses data in a manner similar to relational databases. It can manage data by both structure related topics (using key-fi elds) and allow ad-hoc queries and fi lters on content and time so applications can extract specifi c data as needed. • Pub-sub messaging: DDS uses the publish/subscribe paradigm for dynamic discovery and primary management of data-fl ows between relevant DDS entities, including publishers, subscribers, durability services, recording and replay-services, and connected databases. Request-reply and other patterns are built on this powerful substrate. • Reliable multicast: The DDS standard wire protocol implements reliable multicast over plain UDP sock- ets, allowing systems to effi ciently benefi t from modern networking infrastructures. • Lifecycle awareness: Unlike message-centric products, DDS off ers explicit application support for information lifecycle awareness. For instance, it detects, communicates, and informs applications about fi rst and last appearances of data (topic instance) updates. This facilitates timely responses to new and outdat- ed information. • Trigger patterns: DDS off ers a variety of trigger patterns that follow updates on subscribed information. Examples include polling, callbacks (typical for GUIs), and WaitSets (similar to UNIX® ‘select’ ) to provide full application control for prioritized handling of selective trigger events.

You can fi nd more information on DDS and how it works at portals.omg.org/dds/.

Getting four complex robots with very di erent designs to use a common data system was challenging. The Data Distribution Service for Real-Time Systems [DDS] standard supports very exible service parameters. We found that we could adapt the middleware to the unique needs of each robotic system.” - Terry Fong, Director of Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames

9 WHY CHOOSE DDS? applications, speeding time-to-market. It provides: It applications, speedingtime-to-market. OMG DDSmiddleware standard canalsosimplifythedevelopment, deployment, andmanagement ofIoT As decisions, additionalrevenue aresult, newservices, itenablessmarter streams, andreduced costs. The data whileprocessing thedatadevice-generated inreal-time, astheyoccur. onevents andacting asquickly The OMGDDSmiddleware standard helpsusersreliably andsecurely ever-increasing harnesses amounts of to any ofthesequestions, you shouldevaluate DDSasasolution,since itoffers many additionalbenefits. These questionshelpidentify your reliability, performance, critical andintegration needs. you If answer yes you answer “yes” to allofthefollowing questions, DDSislikelyto beyour solution. go-to Based ontheuseofDDSinthousandsapplications, we theneedfor canpredict DDSinnewprojects. If energy. to healthcare toportation smart IoT isalready applications. well-proven It systems trans ranging inindustries from inmission-critical smart Internet of fit Industrial Thefor boththe OMGDDSstandard isaperfect Consumer Things andlarge-scale Why ChooseDDS? KEY ADVANTAGES OF CHOOSING DDS IS DDS RIGHT FOR YOU? PERFORMANCE, SCALABILITY, ROBUSTNESS, AND QOS FOR INDUSTRIAL IOT AND CONSUMER IOT expected gothroughexpected multipleversions orintegrate applications? withlegacy • configure, startup, orfailover servers? to backup • to share? ms orless, oryou have more than10different applications, or you have more thanathousanddata items • timeliness, trafficprioritization, and reliability resource usage. • development andintegration through APIswithnovendor fullyopen,future-proof lock-in. vendor interoperabilityipation by both vendors andeasesIoT enablesend-to-end andusers. It system • inanIoTend-to-end system. access controlauthentication, encryption, andlogging capabilitiesto enablesecure data connectivity (SPI) architecture Plugin for Interface compliant DDSimplementations.Service DDSprovides standardized • near-linear scalability. protocol, filtering. content- andtime-based When properly architected, systems DDS-based canachieve are aslow as30µsec. andthroughput ofseveral efficient wire millionmessagespersecond.usesavery It • from applications. looseandanonymous andtopology completely details data-sharing abstraction Its hidesconnectivity sible data modelsfor seamlessInformation Technology /Operational Technology (IT) interoperability. (OT) • cloud applications. communication. are Implementations availableto-cloud for embedded, mobile, web, enterprise and • to simplifysystemand-play integration functionality andorchestration. • Applicability: DDScantransparently and cloud- address peer-to-peer, Applicability: device-to-cloud, device-to-device, For dynamicsystems, Discovery: large-scale Scalable DDSoffers automatic that discovery provides plug- policiesallows setofQoS Arich DDSto QoS-Enabled: control ofdata suchas distribution, allaspects OpenStandard: The OMGDDSmiddleware specification isamature, proven standard open to partic Advanced Specification definesa Modeland comprehensiveThe Security: OMGDDSSecurity Security DDSimplementations canachieve point-to-point latencies that Scalability: and Performance Efficiency EaseofIntegration: approachThe data-centric usedby DDSallows thedefinitionof common and exten Are you buildingasystem that willtakemore thanayear to write, lastmore thanthree years, andis yourIf system goesoffline for5minutes (or even 5ms),isitaserious problem? Or, do youstruggle to youDo have latency, bandwidth/throughput, network orscalingissuesbecauseyou measure in latency 10 - - - WHY CHOOSE DDS? 1.00 0.75 IIoT 0.50 – a subsidiary of Embraer Defense & Security – a subsidiary & Security Defense of Embraer - Fabio Cocchi S. Eiras, Project Director, ATECH ATECH Director, Project S. Eiras, Cocchi - Fabio Relative ImportanceRelative 0.25 CIoT 11 0.00 Source: Cutter Journal 2014 December Cutter Source: Low Latency Low Fault Tolerance Fault Data-Level Security Data-Level Bandwidth Effi ciency Effi Bandwidth Temporal Determinsim Temporal Transport-Level Security Transport-Level High Individual Rates Data Cloud-2-Cloud (C2C) Comms Device-2-Cloud (D2C) Comms Device-2-Device Comms (D2D) High Aggregated Data Volumes Data High Aggregated We were speci based on the in a data-sharing platform interested cally speci were We performance,Data- Distribution Service of its proven because standard reliability and security.” Qualitative Comparison of System Requirements for Consumer and Industrial IoT Applications and Industrial IoT for Consumer Requirements of System Comparison Qualitative Data selection and fi ltering to ensure effi cient use of network and CPU resources use of and CPU cient network effi to ensure ltering selectionData and fi lifecycle practical architecture long-term Extensible for data-typeevolution mission-critical building for system operation Proven proprietary eliminate to stovepipes standard A future-proof international Confi gurable redundancy for extremely reliable operation reliable redundancyextremely for gurable Confi Multicast support delivery data scalable for interoperability application multi-vendor seamless for protocol Standard-wire Programming language-, transport- system-, hardware-independence and operating Programming • • • • • • • • The Consumer and Industrial IoT share many of the same requirements. However, each requirement has a has each requirement However, the same requirements. of many share and Industrial Consumer IoT The with high individual must deal applications Industrialexample, IoT For importance. relative erent very diff applica- IoT Consumer of data. high volumes produce engine, such as an aircraft Single sources, rates. data must deal with high applications all IoT However, rates. usually deal with high individual data tions don’t of data. volumes aggregated Applications designed for the Consumer Internet of Things and the Industrial IoT must be able to effi ciently ciently effi able to must be and the IndustrialThings IoT Internet of the Consumer for designed Applications for these requirements in system erences diff qualitative are there However, data. share scale and securely applications: typestwo of IoT DIFFERENT INTERNETS OF THINGS OF DIFFERENT INTERNETS How DoesCompare? DDS How OTHER ADVANTAGES OTHER WHY CHOOSE DDS? that require alasting, reliable, architecture. high-performance does require isidealfor principles. buildingadata IoT It modelandunderstandingdata-centric applications minimizes latency, maximizes scalability, increases reliability, andreduces cost andcomplexity. Using DDS DDS communication ispeer-to-peer. simplifi Elimination ofmessage brokers andservers esdeployment, control canalsosendandreceive loops. It data from andclosetime-critical sensor networks thecloud. DDS isthemostversatile oftheseprotocols. canmanagetiny devices, It large, connect high-performance cating power usagewithinthedata center (bestwithAMQP). orcommuni- generation of that power (bestwithDDS),monitoring thetransmission lines (bestwithMQTT), on yourturning light switch (bestwithCoAP) are muchdiff erent thanthe requirements for managing the For example, inter-device data useisadiff erent usecasefromRequirements device data collection. for ofthesystem. choice toThen, allaspects ifpossible, that extend primary challengeoftheirintendeders shoulddetermine whichoftheprotocols applications. meetstheprimary needs, butit’s better—and easier—to useasinglecommunication paradigm whenpossible. System design- Many real systems includedevices, mobilenodes, servers, andmore. They have diverse communication DDS: THE RIGHTCHOICE complexity, therefore, easingdeveloper eff orts. other hand, standard isafeature-rich that transparently handlesmuchofanIoT system’s data connectivity limitedcols setofusecases. were onlyavery DDSonthe designed for andassuchcansupport simplicity The following tableprovides acomparison ofthetechnologies listed above. AnumberoftheseIoT proto- Several specialized messaging/data-sharing protocols are considered often for IoT applications, including: DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS AMQP MQTT CoAP DDS • • • connectivity ofsimplelow powerconnectivity devices electronic (e.g. wireless sensors)withInternet-based systems processescol messages between two network for (usuallyaclient transporting andabroker) designed to beusedwith TCP/IP Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) protocol isasoftware the that was designed to support Advanced Protocol Queuing Message (AMQP), whichdefi nesaneffi cient, binary, peer-to-peer proto- Queue Message Telemetry abroker-reliant messaging publish/subscribe protocolTransport (MQTT), (unicast +mcast) Transport UDP/IP UDP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP: Transmission Control Protocol C2C: Cloud-to-Cloud IP: Protocol Internet D2C:Device-to-Cloud D2D:Device-to-Device Point-to-Point Paradigm Subscribe Subscribe Exchange Request/ Request/ Message Publish/ Publish/ (REST) Reply Reply TLS: Transport DTLS: Layer Security Datagram Transport Layer Security Scope D2D D2D D2D D2C D2C D2C C2C C2C Discovery Qualitative Comparison ofIoT Standards Yes Yes No No Awareness Content Content- Routing, Queries Based None None None 12 Declaration Centricity Undefi ned Encoding Encoding Encoding Data TLS, DTLS, Security Security DTLS DDS TLS TLS Prioritization Transport Priorities None None None Data Decentralized Decentralized Impl. Specifi c Broker isthe Tolerance SPoF Fault CASE STUDIES 13 DDS is also used to allow diff erent CoFlight systems, deployed within or across nations, to interoperate. In to interoperate. nations, within or across deployed systems, CoFlight erent diff allow DDS is also used to ight- fl and scalability the ciency, effi with high reliability, distributing of in real-time, this case DDS takes care the use has mandated EUROCAE, the EC-133 standard, in As Network (WAN). Area Wide a across data-plans to DDS will also be used centers, control c air traffi European plans across data ight fl exchanging of DDS for centers. ATC/ATM with non-CoFlight-based enable interoperability DDS is used within CoFlight to distribute real-time updates to the Controller Working Positions (CWP)— Positions Working the Controller to updates real-time distribute to DDS is used within CoFlight of the presentation customize able to are CWPs The hundred. several can add up to which in some centers and query ltering in DDS. available capabilities fi taking of the advanced available advantage information Along with posing some unique technical challenges, the FDP Servers are SWAL-2 (Software Assurance Level Level (Software Assurance Servers the FDP SWAL-2 challenges, with posing some unique technical Along are its industrial strength to Thanks System. FDP 2) components—one of the entire of the most critical elements to evidence capable of providing was used on the program the DDS implementation process, development components. consortium qualify the use of DDS in SWAL-2 to the CoFlight allow BENEFITS by DDS. In this use cached and persisted plans which are data ight 6GB of fl over deals with well CoFlight to FDP plans ight fl for access low-latency providing DDS is used as a symmetric cache, distributed case, plans per second. data ight of fl hundreds of persisting changes to servers. DDS also takes care CoFlight has embraced open architecture principles and is built on a standard middleware infrastructure. infrastructure. middleware principles a standard and is built on open architecture has embraced CoFlight Data-Distri- is the Object Management Group’s of CoFlight the foundation at technologies One of the core achieve to Program the CoFlight DDS has allowed (DDS). Leveraging Systems bution Service Real-Time for these objectives. SOLUTION a next has developed gen- and Skyguide, DSNA, ENAV THALES, SELEX-SI, headed by Program, CoFlight The Research Sky ATM which fully in line with the Single European (FDP) System, Processing Data Flight eration and ciency, cost effi ight fl impact improve of aviation, the environmental will reduce (SESAR) objectives, usage. the airspace optimize Systems predicting are Authority (FAA) Aviation the Federal and EUROCONTROL from studies independent Several is impos- Protocol Kyoto the volume increase, by 2025. to this volumes will double addition In c air traffi that control. c ective gate-to-gate air traffi eff more thus requiring of pollution, in terms regulation ing stronger reaching their structural to are close technologies and Management Control c Traffi Air deployed Currently technologies existing incapable of optimizing the gate-to-gatelimit and are a result, As of aircraft. transit ective gate- in optimizing and will not be eff increases volume keep up with the predicted will not be able to system. performance of the ATM the overall pollution and improving to-gate and thus reducing operations Control and Management Management and Control CHALLENGE Next-Generation Air Traﬃ c Traﬃ Air Next-Generation Backbone for Europe’s Backbone Europe’s for DDS is the Data Connectivity Data is the DDS CASE STUDIES the data, its quality and theentirethe data, itsquality equally-massive investment. predictive doesnotsuff capabilitieswillensure thesurvey er disruptions inits cosmic explorations, securing bustness andfault-tolerance become synonymous withoperational success. DDS’ real-time monitoring and intolerance for failure. ofasystem, itsreliability, allaspects Since thedata-sharing infrastructure impacts ro- A common ofDDSapplications ismission-criticality, tiedto characteristic asystem’s anattribute inextricably have beenthree timeslarger. pretation &state management, ofthesystem andthe team developing would thedata-sharingfunctionality system design. Without DDS,thedeveloped applications would have to shoulderthetasksofmessageinter- For LSST, that itiscritical the applications donothandlethedata. DDSwas usedto helpsimplifyoverall BENEFITS the Kuiper andbeyond. Belt also give scientists abetter understandingofthesolarsystem beyond Neptune, in includingdistant objects The depthanddetailoftheincoming information willfacilitate creation ofa3D mapofthecosmos. LSSTwill whether theyposeany threat impact to theearth. Beyond the pure oftheproject, scientists willalsouseLSSTto science track aspect asteroids anddetermine will zero andpopulate adatabase inthesky containing inonsomeofthefaintest 20billionobjects. objects The data that DDSissetto handlewillcome from thelargest source light-gathering intheworld. The LSST universe generating over 30terabytes ofdata 24/7. within thenewLSSTfacility. DDSwas chosento process data onacolossal volume inanattempt to scalethe monitor and regulate therightdata andensuring getsto therightplace thedata inreal-time interfaces Group’s Management The Object for Real-Time Data-Distribution Service Systems isbeing usedto control, SOLUTION the $500millionprogram investment andnocorruption ofexperiment thistimeframe. data during thecaseofLSST,In over 96-percent uptimeover a10-year isrequired period to ensure there are to norisks night for 10years. thestarsandgenerates 20seconds asitsurveys 3.2-gigapixel 30terabytes imagesevery ofdata night after in tandemwiththeworld’s largest digital camera, weighing inat more than6,000poundsandsnapping The eight-meter-wide giant telescope willsitatop theChileanmountain ofCerro Pachón, andwillwork than 400scientists andengineers. featuring animmensecollaborationpartnership ofcountries, companies anduniversities, includingmore the U.S. ofEnergy andtheNational Science Foundation through Department apublic-private withsupport The isorganized project by theAssociation ofUniversities for Research inAstronomy (AURA) andfundedby draw thefi rst3Dmapoftheuniverse. isanhistorical attempt project to (LSST) The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope CHALLENGE Telescopes World’s Powerful Most Deployed ofthe inOne DDS Mission-Critical 14 CASE STUDIES 15 Real-time messaging and QoS features of DDS help control large wind farms and manage dynamic eff ects wind farms eff and manage dynamic large of DDS help control and QoSReal-time features messaging allows business infrastructure with on-shore Integrating performance optimize to and wear. like turbulence edge-to-enterprise the unprecedented Overall, predictive maintenance. ts such as ciency benefi key effi the highest possible performance combining edge by of with ease Siemens a competitive connectivity gives integration. and business systems control BENEFITS SOLUTION high-performance network and integrate build a scalable, operational uses DDS to Power Wind Siemens wind farm software and control DDS-based can monitor messaging software. it with business intelligence and quality of DDS enable messaging of service real-time The features 500 wind turbines. with up to arrays in such a performance the wind farm so that is uniform through turbulence manage and wear Siemens to with be integrated to the ability of the standard Additionally, environment. operational highly distributed and trou- monitor remotely Siemens to allows applications, business enterprise including other systems, network erent a variety of diff ability run over The solution to of the operations. bleshoot the wind farm’s multiple heterogeneous them over transports integrate farms and intelligently helps Siemens build large exibility connecting and scalability multiple will allow fl the DDS system-of-systems Innetworks. the future, farms and business systems. Siemens identifi ed several fundamental requirements that led them to the selection of DDS. First, the control control the First, to the selection led them that of DDS. requirements fundamental ed several Siemens identifi high-performance networking. real-time required machine, a complex itself turbine, within the giant systems million data a up to a farm have of 500 turbines of data; may amounts copious the farms produce Second, network services where vary may from in environments solutions wind power Siemens deploys Third, points. farm must the entire Fourth, communications. or satellite wireless slow to broadband mid-range fast LAN to stations. monitoring remote from and maintained managed, be controlled, A wind farm may include hundreds of turbines, often installed in distant and hard-to-access locations at sea. at locations often and hard-to-access installed in distant of turbines, include hundreds A wind farm may of turbines A farm with hundreds load. to generation match goal of the farm the is to systems, Like all power In the a storm, wide geography. a across the loading and generation balancing load by that must optimize the loading managing while power constant generate out of gusts to take energy to farm must decide how a highly implement wind farm thus needs to The dollar installed asset. a half-billion damage to and potential and performance reliability critical. where are system, control scalable and distributed Siemens Wind Power, the world’s leading leading world’s the Power, Wind Siemens standardized manufacturer of wind turbines, their softwareon DDS-based for messaging resilient, next-generation deliver turbines to high-performance distribution. and scalable data Wind Power Power Wind CHALLENGE DDS Powers Siemens Siemens Powers DDS CASE STUDIES that planto implement theOpenFMB reference architecture. at CPSEnergy, California Southern Labsandotherutilitiesnational labs Edison, EPRI,NREL,Oak Ridge This hasoff project ered atransferable and test harness validated baseline for theupcomingtest beds utility IoT pub/subprotocols, includingthefollowing assets: vice Queue (DDS), Message Telemetry oradvanced message queueprotocol (AMQP)Transport open (MQTT) microgrid test bedexhibits adiverse setoftechnologies that allcommunicate intheData-DistributionSer- The Coalition hasdemonstrated there are alternative ways to achieve enhanced microgrid operations. The BENEFITS Energy America Standards BoardNorth (NAESB). and was formally adopted by two taskforces Interoperability Grid Panel withintheSmart (SGIP)andthe This framework isastandards-based solutionto reduce implementation complexity andintegration costs (OpenFMB™). astheOpenFieldknown Bus Message a fi elddevice interoperability framework, the development andcommercialization of (COW-II). The goaloftheCoalition isto lead agencies to form theCoalition ofthe Willing vendors, research labsandgovernment The company with25utilities, partnered more simpleandcost-eff ective to operate. intelligence andestablishingagrid that is EnergyDuke iscommitted to distributed SOLUTION distributed energy resources, thegrid needsfast-reacting intelligence at theedge. over-generating power to compensate for variation inpower generation ordemand. To effi ciently integrate Traditional central-station power grids operate on15-minute outputupdate that result cycles inoperators CHALLENGE Reference Architecture Interoperability Framework for its Microgrid Duke Energy Leads Standardization ofaNew 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. grid components An operations room withcommercial to application software monitor andcontrol themicro- An envision breaker room monitoring andcontrol withappliances andsmart capabilities Wireless devices, supporting Wi-Fi, 4GLTE, RFand AMI Mesh 900MHz sensors andPMUs Instrumented andautomated grid equipment, distribution meters, suchasreclosers, smart 500-kW automated resistive load-bank charging withEV capabilities 10kW solarcarport energy storage250-kW battery system inverter capabilities 100-kW PVsolarsystem withsmart 16 CASE STUDIES 17 CHALLENGE BENEFITS SOLUTION Now Ulsten engineers spend less time in development and testing, as DDS tackles large numbers of signals, as DDS tackles numbers of signals, large and testing, spend less time in development engineers Ulsten Now also enabled the com- This support. with reliable technology and it is proven devices and physical components safety-critical a large con- for with low-cost hardware architecture vendor-neutral a simple, implement to pany Ultsen time and costs also saved software DDS implementation solution with a standardized Having system. trol adoption of The of the same DDS architecture. on top platform automation their new integrated developing for of opportunities can build on this platform. DDS opened up an endless range Ulsten what for Quite early in the development project one of Ulstein engineers looked at middleware options for large and large options for middleware looked at engineers project one of Ulstein earlyQuite development in the kept the middleware—they Ulsten In the beginning, the DDS standard. safety-critical and discovered systems – GUI controller for of their JASON implementation as a replacement DDS only implemented and a while, had for between backbone communication DDS as the central for implemented the company Then communication. connections. eldbus of fi with a range and IO Controllers controllers GUIs, The technical challenges Ulstein met while implementing existing middleware on a large-scale sys- middleware existing automation met while implementing challenges Ulstein technical The ships delivered for systems automation about 100 integrated With think in a new direction. them to forced tem All change and open up their architecture. to needed Ulstein platform, / PLC all based on SCADA the last decade, a new dying support issues, compatibility required of various software platforms old versions, issues regarding engineers causing rapidly, increasing or I/Os were the number of signals that solution. In saw addition Ulstein details and the risk/time with all in critical work much time in tuning and making too spend platform to SCADA re- could the company on how question was The parts not acceptable. of projects were during commissioning be would looking a solution that for were engineers Ulstein The systems. of large-scale complexity duce control hardware. and not bundled with vendor-neutral and open software, based on open standards with DDS with the mari- for systems control has developed Ulstein seeking continuously and are decades, time sector for the solve solutions and products their to improve to Their face. their customers demanding challenges led platform system control an improved for search how Service. the Data-Distribution Find them towards architecture, system es both their use of DDS simplifi and testability. development Monitoring and Control Monitoring Ulstein Builds Distributed Distributed Builds Ulstein THE FUTURE OF DDS The Future ofDDS adoption at adevice level. creating by farthemostapplicable standard for IoT andsetting thepremises for amassive end-to-end upcoming standards willexpand suchasXRCE-DDS DDS’ to applicability “extremely smallthings”, thus near future we willseeanacceleration intheadoptionofDDSdueto ofthe IoT. therise Additionally, summary, successfulIn DDSisalready standard avery powering anincredible numberofsystems. the In tion andcommunication overhead. lightbulbs, to minimizingcomputa- theseconstrained sensorsorsmart connectivity devices, suchassmart by constrained suchasLoWPANS. networks DDSisdueto XRCE provide themosteffi cient way for providing will expand DDS’ constrained to targets, very applicability i.e. withlessthan100KBoftotal connected RAM, Additionally, upcoming standards such astheeXtremely Resource Constrained Environments DDS (XRCE) Factories.Transportation, Cities andSmart Smart IoT system—of the nervous Grids, Smart applications, applications, especiallyinIndustrial suchasSmart As aresult, inthenearfuture we willseeDDSplaying anincreasing asense role fabric—in astheunderlying information at heterogeneous any scaleandinvery computing andcommunication environments. are soubiquitously applicableto address thechallengesofsecurely, effi ciently, and transparently sharing of The oftheInternet rise hasgivenThings DDSeven (IoT) more allure. Few otherstandards—if any at all— Defense andAerospace, Transportation, Telecoms, Automation, Industrial andEnergy. distributed systems acrossscale mission-andbusiness-critical ofapplication alarge domains, variety suchas DDS hasproven to beaneff standard ective to reduce theofdesigningcomplexity andintegrating large success story.” data-sharing standard fortheIIoT have DDSanincredible thepotential formaking full potential ofthe standard. The acceleration inadoptionanditsgrowing role asthe early days. This anamazing journey, hasbeen yet onlyafewsteps toward achievingthe PrismTech involved hasbeen withde ning andevolving theDDSstandard since itsvery 18 ADLINK Technology Inc.,Chief Technology Offi cer, PrismTech - Dr. Angelo Corsaro, Chief Technology Offi cer, DDS Vendor Listing

eProsima is a company focused on high performance middleware. The company helps design distributed LISTING DDS VENDOR systems covering all the areas impacting communications: the middleware technology to choose, the data model, the Quality of Service for the diff erent data fl ows, the data links, how to test the systems, etc. For more information, please visit www.eprosima.com

Kongsberg Gallium develops high-performance geospatial visualization and Command and Control solutions for critical applications where it’s necessary to track the locations of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of objects in real time with a high degree of precision. For more information, please visit www.kongsberggallium.com

MilSOFT is the fi rst company in Europe to achieve CMMI Level 5 and still holds this level. MilSOFT’s product lines cover the areas of ICT solutions such as Network Enabled Capability, Homeland Security, Crisis/Emer- gency Management, Logistic Lifecycle Support & Maintenance Management, Cyber Security; and real-time applications such as C4ISR, Tactical Data Links, Image Exploitation Systems, Electronic Warfare, Cyber Securi- ty, and Embedded Solutions. For more information, please visit dds.milsoft.com.trs

OCI builds high performance, real-time, mission critical middleware systems and integration solutions. Its goal is to make solutions more open, scalable, reusable, interoperable, and aff ordable. For more information, please visit www.ociweb.com

PrismTech customers build system solutions for the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet and advanced wireless communications. PrismTech’s Vortex Intelligent IoT Data Sharing Platform provides an open source and commercial implementation of the Data Distribution Service (DDS). Vortex is an effi cient, proven solution for mission- and business-critical real-time device, edge (Fog) and cloud IoT data sharing delivering the right information to the right place at the right time. PrismTech is a recognized leader in IoT platform technologies with recent accolades including Gartner ‘Cool Vendor’, Postscapes ‘Must-Follow IoT Company’, Sand- hill ‘Needle Mover’, and IoT Nexus ‘Power Player’. For more information, please visit www.prismtech.com

Real-Time Innovations provides the connectivity platform for the Industrial Internet of Things. Its RTI Con- next® messaging software forms the core nervous system for smart, distributed applications. RTI Connext allows devices to intelligently share information and work together as one integrated system. RTI was named “The Most infl uential Industrial Internet of Things Company” in 2014 by Appinions and published in Forbes. For more information, please visit www.rti.com

Remedy IT is a software company specializing in developing and supporting communication middleware and component technologies. It supplies software solutions and support to many industry domains (including banking, chips manufacturing, chemical industry, traffi c control, telecommunications, defense, etc.) based (whole or partly). For more information, please visit www.remedy.nl

Twin Oaks Computing, Inc. is a company dedicated to developing and delivering quality DDS software solutions. We build the software that collects, manages, and distributes information in a wide range of industrial, commercial, and defense industries. Our CoreDX DDS middleware technologies are integrated into real-world, mission-critical and complex information systems both here on earth and in space. For more information, please visit www.twinoakscomputing.com

To be listed in OMG’s DDS Vendor directory go to: dds-directory.omg.org/vendor/

19 TM

DDS RESOURCE PAGE

About OMG Data-Distribution Service Portal The Object Management Group® (OMG®) is an internation- The Portal is designed as a resource hub for the DDS commu- al, open membership, not-for-profi t technology standards nity and provides access to detailed information including: consortium with representatives from government, industry technical overview and benefi ts of using the DDS standard, and academia. OMG Task Forces develop enterprise inte- use-cases, listing of companies that are building systems gration standards for a wide range of technologies and an with DDS, directory of resources and vendors, news and even wider range of industries. OMG’s modeling standards events, and links to the latest DDS-related standardization enable powerful visual design, execution and maintenance work at the OMG. For more information, please visit: of software and other processes. Visit www.omg.org for portals.omg.org/dds. more information.

Get involved in the DDS Platform Special Interest Want to learn more? Group (PSIG) We are happy to discuss how OMG membership will If you are interested in getting involved with this group, benefi t your organization! Please feel free to explore our want more information or would like to come as a guest to website at www.omg.org and when you are ready, please an upcoming meeting and obtain temporary access to the contact [email protected] or call + 1-781-444-0404 to mailing list, please email an account representative at get started. [email protected] or call + 1-781-444-0404.

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