Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Edited by L Margolis and Z
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Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Edited by L Margolis and Z. Kabata Part I DFO - Library ' MPO - Bibliothèque General Introduction 111 1111111111111 11 1 L. Margolis and Z. Kabata 12038936 Monogenea and Turbellaria Mary Beverley-Burton ê,\-W Aim QL 626 C3 1 4 474 c.2 CL C 5 14 -74 GUIDE TO THE PARASITES OF FISHES OF CANADA PART I Fishoti L I D A rs JAN 1419 EIBLIOTQUE Océanscans Entobdella hippoglossi (O. F. Muller, 1776) Johnston, 1856 (Dactylogyrida: Capsalidae) from the body surface of the Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904, taken in coastal waters of British Columbia. (Ventral view.) Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Edited by L. Margolis and Z. Kabata Part I General Introduction L. Margolis and Z. Kabata Department of Fisheries and Oceans Fisheries Research Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6 Monogenea and Turbellaria ■ Mary Beverley-Burton Department of Zoology College of Biological Science University of Guelph Guelph, Ont. N1G 2W1 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1984 Published by Publié par Fisheries Pêches and Oceans et Océans Scientific Information Direction de l'information and Publications Branch et des publications scientifiques Ottawa WIA 0E6 °Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984 Available from authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada. Canada: $11.95 Cat. No. Fs 41-31 1 74E Other countries: $14.35 ISBN 0-660-11742-8 ISSN 0706-6481 Price subject to change without notice Ottawa Printed in Canada by National Printers (Ottawa) Inc. Correct citations for this publication: MARGOLIS, L., AND Z. KABATA. 1984. General introduction, p. 1-4. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part I. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 74: 209 p. BEVERLEY-BURTON, M. 1984. Monogenea and Turbellaria, p. 5-209. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.] Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part I. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 74: 209 p. Contents Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part I General Introduction. L. Margolis and Z. Kabata 1 Monogenea and Turbellaria. M. Beverley-Burton 5 Abstract/ Résumé 7 Introduction 8 Keys to the Monogenea and Turbellaria 10 Host—Monogenean Parasite List 175 Summary 183 Acknowledgements 183 References 184 Appendices Appendix 1. Classification of the Turbellaria and Monogenea recorded from fishes of Canada 193 Appendix 2. Evolution within the Monogenea 194 Appendix 3. Notes on the systematic positions of Udonella and the Microbothriidae 200 Appendix 4. Ancyrocephalid "penis" types 201 Index to Parasites 204 Index to Hosts 208 V GENERAL INTRODUCTION L. MARGOLIS AND Z. KABATA In 1978, Margolis and Arthur (1979) completed sites. Nevertheless, the available data base is suffi- their "Synopsis of the parasites offishes of Canada", ciently extensive to warrant the present undertaking, which was intended to serve as a stepping stone to- which can be revised as circumstances demand in wards the realization of a longer range goal of pre- future years. paring an illustrated "Guide to the parasites of fishes The existing parasitological literature offers few of Canada". The account of the Monogenea and Tur- examples of compendia such as that envisaged by the bellaria, which this introduction precedes, represents present editors. Perhaps the best known among them the first phase in the achievement of that goal. is the Key to the parasites of the freshwater fishes of The need for a compendium allowing for rela- the U.S.S.R., a publication by a team of Soviet parasi- tively easy identification of the parasites of fishes of tologists, who, with their customary industry put to- Canada has long been recognized by the editors. Cur- gether keys to species of all groups of parasites of rent trends in biological education have been instru- their freshwater fishes in a single, 776-page volume mental in producing a generation of workers well (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962). Subse- equipped for dealing with the intricacies of intracellu- quently translated into English, this book is an ex- lar events or with the large-scale events in community panded, illustrated set of keys, accompanied by brief eCology and population biology, but often handicap- introductory notes on each group. The English ped when faced with identifying unknown organisms. language literature contains the well-known Para- The information explosion of recent decades has sites of North American freshwater fishes by G. L. made specialization inevitable and deprived many Hoffman (1967), which provides keys and/or defini- biologists of the opportunity of becoming better tions of taxa down to the generic level, each genus acquainted with the broad range of animal groups being accompanied by a list of its species. There are contributing to the parasite fauna of fishes. Neverthe- also English language publications that offer diag- less, precise knowledge of the identity of a species of noses and keys to particular groups of parasites from fish parasite is crucial to the success of certain types all fishes (marine and freshwater) from a limited of biological research concerning fish and fisheries. geographic area. An example is Kabata's (1979) Both marine and freshwater fish have come to occupy Parasitic Copepoda of British fishes. However, to centre stage in many types of ecological drama, play- our knowledge, no publication currently exists that ed against the background of popular concerns. encompasses keys to all the parasite groups of all Environmental pollution and the problems it has fishes in any country that has both a freshwater and generated often involve fish, either as victims or as marine fauna. indicator organisms. To understand the nature of the With these precedents and the needs of a variety impact various factors exert on fish, one must take of Canadian biologists in mind, the editors took the into consideration and evaluate the influence of para- initiative of inviting a team of Canadian specialists, sites on the well-being of the host. Studies of evolu- each with expert knowledge of a particular group of tion and phylogeny of fishes and the practical aspects parasites, to collaborate on writing and publishing of fish stock identification and migrations have also this series. The guiding principle for the format involved, with increased frequency, parasites as clues decided upon was the ease of identification of the to these complex and still poorly understood pro- species within each group of parasites. The basic style cesses and events. In these and other instances the chosen was, therefore, a key, in an expanded form. identities of the parasite species must be known with We envisioned that each supraspecific taxon would certainty, if erroneous conclusions are to be avoided. be preceded by a brief diagnosis, with explanatory Based on the views expressed above, it is expect- diagrams if necessary. Such diagnoses were to be fol- next lower rank. The ed that the various parts of this "Guide" will find use lowed by a key to taxa of the of all not only among fish parasitologists, but also among keys to species were to include brief diagnoses fisheries scientists • and biologists, ecologists, aqua- species, to which other pertinent information was to culturists, fish health inspectors and diagnosticians, be added, such as the host list and distribution in and technologists concerned with fish quality inspec- Canada accompanied by appropriate references. tion. Only Canadian records were to be considered, unless there were valid reasons to include others. Where In embarking on this project we are cognizant of appropriate, cues to identifying features, contained the fact that the faunal information on which it is in each couplet of the key, were to be illustrated by based is incomplete. Future studies will undoubtedly drawings, with references to figures being placed increase the number of parasite species known to be directly in the keys. The basis for the species inven- associated with Canadian fishes and will add further tory, hosts, and geographical records is the publica- data on geographic and host distribution of the para- tion by Margolis and Arthur (1979), which summed 3 up all relevant published information to the end of some necessary differences in treatment required by 1977. Subsequently published discoveries and indivi- different groups of parasites, and in view of personal dual author's own unpublished records would, of preferences of the individual authors, slight differ- course, also be included. ences of format will be present among the parts in the It was the editors' original intention to publish series. Equally, differences in treatment and labelling the entire work in a single volume. This plan, how- of figures can be expected. They will not be serious or ever, could not be realized. It proved impossible to extensive enough to disrupt the unity of the series. put together a team of contributors who could assure In presenting the first part of the "Guide" to the completion of these tasks synchronously. Conse- biological community of Canada, the editors hope quently, there was no possibility of receiving all con- that this part, and the entire series, will become a tributions within a specified time frame to enable ready reference and a useful tool for all those con- publishing them all together. Taking into account cerned with identification of fish parasites. Feedback also the fact that keys of this type require periodic from users of the "Guide" will always be appreciated.