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This Is a Digital Copy of a Book That Was Preserved for Generations On This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. 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About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/ 1 NORTH CAROLINA GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY JOSEPH HYDB PRATT, Slale Geolo.ill BULLETIN No. 2S Zircon, Monazite and Other Minerals Used in the Production of Chemical Com­ pounds Employed in the Manufac­ ture of Lighting Apparatus BY JOSEPH HYDE PRATT. Ph.D. RALIlIOH, N. O. EDWARDS'" BROUOHTON PBlNTDrO 00. 8TATII PBlNTIlBS AND BINDIlII8 1~16 Diql'lzed by Coogle GEOLOGICAL BOARD GOVERNOR LoCKE CRAIG, ex' otJIcf,o chairman•.•.•.............. Raleigh FRANK ·R. HEWITT '" Asheville HUGH MACRAE ...........................•................. Wilmington HENRY E. F8IES.••......•............•....••................ Winston-Salem JOHN SPRUNT HILL ...........•...............•..........•... Durham JOSEPH HYDE PRATT, State Geologist. ..................•..... Chapel Hill LEITER OF TRANSMIITAL CHAPEL HILL, N. C., October 1, 1915. To His Excellency, HONORABLE LOOKE CRAIG, Governor of North Carolina. 8m:-1 have the honor to submit herewith for publication as Bulletin 25 a report on Zircon, Monazite and other Minerals Used in the Pro­ duction of Chemical Compounds Employed in the Manufacture of Light­ ing Apparatus. There is a renewed interest in the deposits of these min­ erals in North Carolina, and the present report takes up not only a description of the localities in which these minerals are found, but is a technical review of the development of the lighting industry. Very truly yours, JOSEPH HYDE PRATT, State Geologist. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 7 Zircon 0 •••••• 0 ••••••••••••• 0 ••• 0..... 7 Sources of Zirconia 0••••••••••• •• 10 Zircon 0 •••••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••• 0.0.0.......... 10 Baddeleyite 0 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 0•••••••••••• 10 Other Zirconia-bearing Minerals . 0 0 •••• 0•0•••••••••••••••••• •• 11 Occurrences and localities of Zircon. 0 •••••••••••••• 00••••••••••• •• 13 Zircon from Henderson County, N. C 0•••••••••••••••••• 16 Zircon from Ashland, Virginia. 0 •• 0 ••••••••• o 0 ••• o. .. 16 Other Zircon localities 0 •••••• 0 •••••••••• o.. " o. 17 North Carolina 0 ••••• 0 •••• 0 ••• 0 • • • 17 Oklahoma 0 •••••••••••• 0 • '.' •••••••••• 0 •• o. 18 Pacific Slope .0 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 0 • • • •• 18 Production of Zircon .. 0 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 • •• 19 Source of Yttrla 0••••••••••••••• 19 Gadolinite 0 •••••• 0 ••• 0 •••••• 0 0 •••••••• 0 • • • •• 19 List of principal Yttrium minerals... .. .. .. 20 Occurrence of Gadolinite 0•••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• 22 Chemical oomposltlon 0••••••••••••••• 26 Production of Gadolinlte 26 Monazite 0 0 • • • • • •• 26 Other Minerals containing Thorla 0 0 •••••• 0 ••• 28 Uses of Monazite 0 ••••• 0 •••••• 0 • • • • • •• 32 Source of Thoria and Ceria 0 0 0 •••• 0 • 0 •• 0 0 •••••• 0 32 Source of Lanthanum 0. 0 ••• 0 •• 0" •••••• 0 •••••• 0 •• 0. " •• 36 Radioactivity of Monazite . 0 • 0 •• o 0 • • • • • 36 Occurrences of Monazite 0 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 ••• 0 • • • • • • • •• 37 Monazite areas in the United States 0 o' ." 0 ••••••• " •• 46 The South Mountain, N. C.. Monazite reglon................... 45 Madison County, N. Co, Monazite area. ....................... .. 47 Monazite In Idaho 0 •••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 • • • • • 48 Monazite localities and their development. 0 •••••••••• 0 • • • • •• •• 49 The Carolina localities 60 Rutherford County 0 ••••••••••••• 0 ••••••• 0 50 Cleveland County 0 •••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• 0 61 Burke County 0 ., ••••• 0•••••••••••••••••• 62 McDowell County 0 ••• 0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 • • •• ••••• •• 62 Production of Monazite in North Carolina 0 • ••••••• • ••••• • •• 52 Production of Monazite in the United States....................... 53 Mining and cleaning Monazite Sands " 0 • " 64 The Carolina District .... 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 0 • o 0 54 Magnetic separation .0' 0 ••••• 0 •••••••••••• 0••••••••••••••••••• 56 Mining of Monazite in original matrix 0 • '0' •• •• •• • •• •• • •• 61 Idaho localities .... 0 0 • 0 •••••••••••• 0 •••••• 0 ••••• 0 •• ,••• •• ••••• 62 Brazilian Monazite deposits ... 0 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••• "••••• 67 Importation of Monazite and Thorla.. 0 ••• 0 •••••••• o o 0. 68 CONTENTS 5 PAGE Metalllc wires for incandescent electric lamps......................... 69 Tantalum.......................................................... 70 Sources of supply of Tantalum. ................................. .. 76 Columbite and Tantalite 76 Other minerals containing Tantalum.......................... 77 Occurrence of Columbite and Tantalite........................ 78 Columbite and Tantallte localities in the United States........ 79 Maine 79 New Hampshire 79 M8Bsachusetts 79 Connecticut 79 New york............................................... 80 Pennsylvania 80 Virginia 80 North Carolina... ........................................ 80 Alabama 81 South Dakota ............................. 81 Partial analyses of Columblte from Etta Mine " 81 Colorado 82 California 82 Idaho 82 Production of Tantalum minerals................................. 82 Production of Columbite in North Carolina.......... ............ .. 83 Tungsten 83 Sources of supply 89 Wolframite 89 Hiibnerite 89 Scheellte 89 Occurrence 90 Tungsten in North Carolina.................................. 91 Uses of Tungsten 91 Titanium 92 Sources of supply 93 Rutile....................................................... 93 Ilmenite 9. List of Titanium minerals ~... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 95 North Carol1na localities 97 Ilmenite 97 Rutile......................................... 97 Anatase 98 Brookite 98 Titanite 98 Zirconium 99 Osmium........................................................... 99 Molybdenum 99 OccurreI1ces and localities 100 North Carol1na local1ties .. .................................. .. 101 Molybdenite 101 Molybdite 102 6 CONTENTS PAGE Uranium 103 List of Uranium minerals examined for radioactivity 103 Uraninite .....................................•.............. 103 Gummite 104 Autunite 104 Carnotite 105 Occurrence 103 Other minerals containing Uranium. ............................ .. 105 Vanadium .. ........................................................ .. 107 Occurrence 107 Vanadium minerals.. ....................................... .. 108 Tests of Uranium and Vanadium 110 Uranium 110 Vanadium 110 North Carolina localities ;...... 111 LIST OF 11l.USlRATIONS PlATE FACING PAGE 1. Map showing location of the monazite areas In the Carolinas as in­ dicated by dotted lines. ....................................... 50 II. A. Section of the Edison type of magnetic separator. B. Section of the Heberll dry magnetic separator. ................ .. 58 III. A. Section of the Wetherill magnetic separator, Rowand
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