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Home , Betafite, Euxenite, Fergusonite, Keilhauite, Polycrase, Uraninite

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 74

April 1950

A GLOSSARY OF ­ AND -BEARING

By

Judith Weiss Frondel and Michael F1eischer UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Free on application to the Director, Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. A GLOSSAR-Y OF URANIUM- AND THORIUM-BEARING MINERALS By

Judith Weiss Fronde! and Michael Fleischer

CONTENTS

Introduction ••oooooooooo••••••oo•-•oo•••oo••••••••••oooo•oo••oooooo••oo•oo•oo•oooo••oooooooo•oo• 1

.A. Uranium and thorium minerals oooo oo oo ...... oo .... oo oo oo oo oo oooooo oo 2

B. Minerals with minor amounts of uranium and thorium 000000000000000000000000.... 10

C. Minerals that should be tested for uranium and thorium ...... 00 .. 00000000000000 14

D. Minerals that are non-uranium- or non-thorium­ bearing, but that have been reported to contain impurities or intergrowths of uranium,

thorium, or rare-earth minerals oooooo•oo ...... oo ... oo .. oooooo'""""oo" .. 0000 16

Index oo ...... oooooo•oo••••oo•oooo•oo•oooo•·~· .. •oooo•oooooooooooo•oooooo•oooooo•oooo••oo•••oooo••• 18

INTRODUCTION

The U. S. ·Geological Survey has for some time been making a systematic survey of da~ pertaining to uranium and thorium minerals and to those minerals that contain trace1 or more of uranium and thorium. This survey consists of collecting authoritative chemical, optical, and X-ray diffraction data from the literature and of adding to these data, where inadequate, by work in the laboratory. The results will he reported from time to time, and the authors welcome in- formation on additional data and names. ·

The first of a series of reports on these results is this· glossary of uraniuui- and thorium­ bearing minerals. This project is part of the work on radioactive materials being done by the Geological Survey on behalf of the Atomic Energy Commission. The glossary is divided into four groups: A, minerals containing uranium and thorium as major constituents; ·B, minerals containing minor amounts of uranium and thorium; C, minerals that, if investigated by modern analytical methods, might show mftium or thorium content; and D, minerals that are non· uranium- or non-thorium-bearing, but that have. been reported .to contain impurities or inter· growths. of uranium, thorium, or rare-earth minerals. Uranium is more widespread in its natural occurrence than generally has been supposed, and it is possible ·that the third group of minerals ~ill give valuable information upon reinvestigation.

Such a glossary has long been needed to al,leviate ·the confusion that obscures the nomen· clature of these minerals. For many of them the confusion will remain until more thorough research is done. Some species always may be subject to question as their type specimens have been lost and existing specimens bearing the species name have been found to be _other substances (e.g., in group A, ura119chalcite and voglianite). Structural formulas are given for most of the minerals. formulas are given where no good structural data are available. The glossary summarizes the state of our knowledge, as of March 1950, concerning the validity of all the included species. Identities and woup relations are indicated. It might he well to relegate to obscurity the many synonyms existing in the literature.

In the index there are 325 entries that represent 81 species containing uranium and thorium as major constituents, 39 specie$ containing small amoURts of uranium and thorium, 29 species that should be tested for uranium and thorium, and 13 species that have been reported to contain impurities or intergrowths of uranium, thorium, or rare-earth minerals. These four categories are shown in the index by reference letters.

For most of the minerals a reference has been chosen from standard reference books and easily available journals. Dana VI and Dana VII stand for the 6th and 7th editioJus, respectively, of Dana's System of Mineralogy.

The authors wish to thank Dr. Clifford Fronde I of the Deparbnent of Mineralogy .and Petro­ graphy, Harvard University, and Professor Esper S. Larsen, Jr., of the U. S. Geological Survey, for their suggestions and critical reading of the DlEl{lUScript. 1 A •. URANIUM AND THORIUM MINERALS

AMPANGABEITE (U ,Ca){Cb, Ta,Ti 0 g.nH 20? (Y,Er, U,Ca, Th)2(Cb,Ta,Fe,Ti) 701 8? 3 Validity of species is questionable;.may be U = 16.3 to 24.5%. an inhomogeneous alteration product. Th = 1.0 to 1.1% U = 17.1%, Th = 1.8%. Dana VII, pp. 803-805 Dana VII, pp. 806-807 8/omstranJite, a synonym of betafite. HyJroeuxenlte, a synonym of ampangabeite. u ~ 16.3% Dana VII, p. 806, Dana VII, pp. 803-805. AHDERSONITE MenJeleyevite, titanian betafite. u:: 13.7%· Na 2Ca(U02)(C0 3 )s.6H20 u :: 39.15% Dana VII, pp. 803·804. Samlresite, a synonym of betafite. Milton,. C., U. S. Geol. Survey, personal communication. u ~ 18.7% iDf!na VII, pp. 803-805. Ca{U02)2(P04)2.8-12H20 BRANNERITE

U = 49.7 to 56.2% (U,Ca,Fe, Y, Th) 3 Ti 501 e? Dana VI, pp. 857·858 U = 39.3%, Th = 3.6% Calcouranite, a synonym of autunite. Dana VU, pp. 774-775. Meta-autunite, is the hydrate with 8H20 • CALC/OSAMARSKITE

BASSETITE (Ca, Y,etc.,U,Th)3(Cb,Ta,Fe,Ti,Sn)s{h 6 and Fe(U02)2{PO 4)2.8H20 (Ca,Y,etc.,U,Th,Zr)3 {Cb,Ta,Fe,Ti)s01e u:: 51% U = 9.4 to 11.3% Mineralog. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 221-236, 1915 Th = 1.9 to 2.9% Chemie der Erde, vol. 12, pp. 433-450 1939-40. 1 Dana VII, p. 772 Fronde!, C., Harvard University, personal communication. CARNOTITE BAYLEYITE K(U02)(V04). ~-l~H20 U = 56.3 to 58.4% Mg2(U02)(C03 ) 3 .18H20 Dana VI, Appendix I, pp. 13-14 U = 27.8 to 29.2% .. Milton, C., U. S. Geol. Survey, personal communication. U03.nH20?

BECQUERELITE u =!= 73.7% 2U03 .3H20? Dana V~, pp. 624-625 u = 82.4% CUPROSKLODOWSKITE Dana VII, pp. 625-627. Cu(U02 )2Si20 ,.6H 20 Blllletlte, a variety of becquerelite. u = 58.6% Am~ Mh;teralogist, vol. 33, pp. 503·507, 1 ~8. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 19, p. 235, 1934 2 Jachymovite = cuprosklodow~kite DROOGMAHSITE Minera~og. Abs., vol. 6, p. 345, 1936 No chemical analysis has been made. May Uranochalcife .. a hydrous , uranium, and be related to sklodowskite. calciuQl sulfate of questionable validity. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, p. 168, 1926 Voglianite - A hydrous and uranium DUMOHTITE sulfate of questionable validity. ·The type material of Vogl for .uranochalcite and Pb2(U02)3(P04)202.5H20 voglianite has not been found. Present u = 51.0% museum specimens bearing these names have proved to be cuprosklodowskite; Am. Mineralogist, vol. 10, p. 131, 1925 Vogl, J. F., Gangverh1tltnisse and ­ EPIIAHTHIHITE reichtum Joachimthals, Teplitz, 1857 yU03.xH20? Ceske' Spol. Nauk Vestnik,v ~ article VII, pp. 1-36, 1935 No good chemical analysis has been made. An alteration product of ianthinite. CURITE Am. Mineralogist, vol. 32, pp. 344-350, 194 7 Pb2Us011·4H20? ESCHYHITE U = 66.2 to 70.1% (Ce,Ca,Fe?, Th)(Ti,Cb) 0 Dana VII, pp. 629-631 2 6 Also aeschynite. In eschynite-priorite series. DELOREHZITE Th = 9.9 to 15.4% 2 Dana VII, pp. 793-796 (Y, U,Fe )(Ti,Sn)30 8 ? u = 8.7% EUXEHITE Dana VII, p. 808 • (Y ,Ca,Ce, U, Th)(Cb, Ta,Ti)20 8 In • series. DEWIHDTITE U • 3.0 to 9.0% . Pb(U02)2(P04)2.3H20? Th = up to 4.3% u = 52.1% Dana VII, pp. 787·791 Am.,Mineralogist, vol. 7, p. 162, 1922 LynJochite- variety of euxenite Stasife = dewindite?- U = 0.6% , Th = 4.3% Pb4U aP e043·nH20? Dana VII, pp. 787, 789-791 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 7, pp. 196-197, 1922 Tanteuxenite • variety of euxenite DIDERICHITE U = 3.0 to 3.8%, Th = tr. Contains uranium, water, and carbonate. Dana VII, pp. 787, 789·790 Validity of species is questionable. Eschwegite • AB 20 8 Soc. beige geologie lull., vol. 70, A • Y,Er,U,Th pp. 212·225, 1947 B • Cb,Ta,Ti,Fe DJALMAITE U • 1.7%, Th = 0.5% (U,Ca,Pb)(Ta,Cb,Ti 0 .nH20 8 May belong to euxenite•polycrase series. May be equ valent of bettdite. May Dana VII, pp. 792·793 be microlite; Tav a, E., University of Brazil, personal c mmunication, Oct. 1949 TociJite -possibly a mixture of colwnbite and euxenite. u = 10.4% :U • 9.8%, Th = 0.4% Dana VII, p. 805 Dana VII, pp. 785-786 3 FERGUSONITE No actual analysis is available. May he the analogue of torhernite. (Y ,Er,Ce,Fe)(Ch, Ta,Ti)04 Dana VI, p. 860 In fergusonite-formanite series. U = 0.8 to 6.3% GUMMITE

Th = 0.7 to 2.5% U0 3 .nH 2 0? Dana VII, pp. 757-762. Generic term for minerals occurring as alteration products of uraninite and Ade/pholite :synonym of fergusonite? A poorly defmed substance, possibly an n?t. otherwise identified. Group includes altered mossite. sthcates, phosphates, and . Dana VII, pp. 762, 778-779 U = 31.3 to 70.1% Arrhenite - an altered fergusonite Th = up to 22.0% Dana VII, p. 762 Dana VII, pp. 622-625 Bragite - synonym of fergusonite E liasite - synonym of gurmite = 57.2% u = 7.2% u Dana VII, pp. 622-624 Dana VII, pp. 757, 759, 761 Pittinite - synonym of gummite Kochelite - synonym of fergusonite Dana VII, pp. 622-624 Dana VII, pp. 757, 761 Yttrogummite - synonym of gummite RISOrlfe. ''· - synonym off ergusonite Alteration product of yttrian uraninite. U = 0.09%, Th = tr. Dana VII, pp. 622-624 Dana VII, pp. 757-758, 760-762 R utherlord ite - an alterecl fergusonite HUTTOHITE Dana VII, pp .. 757, 761-762 ThSi04 Sipylite- synonym of fergusonite Monoclinic dimorph of . U = 0.8 to 6.3% Th = 67.4% Dana VII, pp. 757, 759-760, 762 U =·none Pabst, Adolf, University of California Tyrite - syn.onym of fergusonite p~rsonal ~ommunication; in press A:O. Dana VII, pp. 757, 760·761 Mmeralogtst. IAHTHIHITE FORMANITE 2U02.7H20? (U, Th,Ca)(Ta,Cb, Ti)0 4 u = 70.3% In fergusonite-formanite series. Dana VII, pp. 633-634 . U = 1.1%, Th = 1.1% ISHIKAWAITE Dana VII, PP· 758, 760, 762 (U,Fe, Y,etc.)(Ch, Ta)04 FOURMARIER ITE u = 19.3% PhU4013•5H20? Dana VII, p. 766 U = 70.1 to 70.8% JOHAHHITE Dana VII, pp. 628-629 Cu(U02)2(S04)2(0H)2.6H20 U = 55.3 to 61.1% FRITZSCHEITE Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, pp. 1-5 Mn(U02)2 [(P,V)04] 2.8H20? 1~6 ' 4 Gilpinite = U = 31.2%; Th = 22.7% Am. M~neralogist, vol. 11, pp. 1-5, 1926 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 16, p. 472, 1931 Hicolayite- alteration product of mait- KASOLITE landite; close to thorogummite. Pb(U02)Si0 .H 0 4 2 U = 33.7%, Th = 21.4% U = 43.6 to 44.5% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 16, p. 409, 1931 Am. Mineralogist, vol .. 7, pp. 128-129, 1922 KHLOPIHITE Hydrated . (Y,U4,Th) (Cb,Ta,Ti,Fe) 0 ? · Validity of. species is questionable. 3. 7 20. Also chlopinite, hlopinite Soc. beige g~ologie Bull., vol. 70, pp. 212-225, 1947 May be· related to euxenitepolycrase series. U = 7.2%, Th = 1.9% MEDJIDITE Dana VII, p. 792 Sulfate of uranium and calcium. LIEBIGITE ValiditY· of ~pecies is questionable. Dana VI, p. 978 Ca2(U02)(COs) 3 .10H20? u = 34.3% Dana VI, p. 308 MOHAZITE Uranotltalllte -synonym of liebigite Essentially (Ce,La,Nd,Pr)P04 containing Th02 and Si02 · Frondel, C., Harvard University, personal · communication. Th = 8% commonly; but ue_ to 26% is reported, Davidson, C. F., Geol. Survey F lutlaerlte - synonym of uranothallite Great Britain, personal ·communication. Dana VI, p. 307 Dana VI, pp. 749-752 MACI

(Th, U)Si04 .H20? Dana VI, pp. 749, 752 U = 19.7%, Th = up to 39.9% Eclwartlsite- synonym of monazite Dana VI, appendix I, p.~ Dana VI, p. 749 HyJrotlaorlte Eremlte - synonym of monazite Dana VI, pp. 749, 752 ThSi04 .4H20 Alteration product of mackintoshite. Klrarfveite - impure monazite U = 1.9%, Th = 50.7% Dana VI, p. 752 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 13, p. 570, 1928 Menglte- synonym of monazite Dana VI, p. 749 Pilharife Monazitoicl - synonym of monazi~e U03.PbO. Th02.2SiO 2.-iH20 Alteration product of mackintoshite; Dana VI, p. 749 close to thorogummite. Plaosplaocerlte- synonym of monazite U = 24.4%, Th = 27.4% Dana VI, p. 749 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 13, pp. 464.-465, Tumerlte- synonym of monazite 1928 Dana VI.' PP· 749, 751·752 MAITLAHDITE Urtllte ·synonym of monazite

(U,Th,Pb)Si04 .3H 20? Dana VI, pp. 749, 752 5 NOH LITE RAUVITE 3 (Ca,Mg,Fe, Y,etc., U) 2(Ch,Zr ,Fe ) 30 10 Ca0.2U03.6V 20 5 .20H20 Validity of species is questionable. u = 21.4% u = 13.0% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 8, p. 187, 1923 Dana VII, p. 772 U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 750, pp. 68-70, 1935

PARASCHOE PITE REHARDITE uo3.2H20? Ph(U02) 4 (P04)2(0H) 4 • 7H20 u = 80.5% u = 58.5% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 32, pp. 344-350, Am. Mineralogist, vol. 14, p. 244, 1929 1947 RICHETITE PARSOHSITE Contains Ph and U. Ph (UO 2)(PO ) 2.2H 20 2 4 Validity of species is questionable. u = 26.8% Soc. beige giologie Bull., vol. 70, Am. Mineralogist, vol. 8, p. 150, 1923 pp. 212-225, 1947 PHOSPHURAHYLITE RUTHERFORD/HE A lead, calcium, uranium phosphate. U02C03? u = 57.3% Validity of species is questionable. Frondel, C., Harvard University, personal u = 72.1% communication Mineralog. Mag., vol. 14, p. 409, 1907 POLYCRASE , SALEEITE (Y ,Ca,Ce,U, Th)(Ti,Cb, Ta)20e Mg(U02)2(P04 )2.8H20 In euxenite-polycrase series. u = 58.4% U = 5.5 to 12.4% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 19, p. 36, 1934 Th = up to 4.7% SAMARSI

Dana VII, p. 797 CaMgU0 2(C03 } 3 .12H20 V ietingholite - synonym of samarskite u = 33.6% Dana VII,. pp. 800-801 Milton, C., U.S. Geol. Survey, personal Yttro- -synonym of samarskite communication Dana VII, p. 797 THORIAHITE (Th,U}02 4U0 .9H 0? 3 2 Forms series with uraninite u = 79.0% U = 15.9 to 39.0% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 8, pp. 67-69, 1923 Th = 33.7 to 81.5% SCHROECKI.HGERITE Dana VII, pp. 620-622 CaaNaU02(COa}a(S04}F .10H20 Uranothorionite = uranium-rich member of series u = 29.0% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 33, pp. 152-157, 1948 THORITE Dalceite- synonym of schroeckingerite ThSi04 SEHGIERITE U =up to 9.0% Th = 25.2 to 62.7% Cu2(U02}2(V04}20.10H20? u = 47.2% Dana VI, pp. 488-489 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 34, pp. 109-120, 194'9 Auerlite- phosphatian variety of thorite Th = 60.7 to 61.5% SHARPITE Dana VI, pp. 488-490 6U0 .5C0 .8H 0? 3 2 2 Calciotltorite - variety of thorite Composition· needs to be checked. Th = 52.3% u = 73.1% Dana· VI, p. 489 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 24, p. 658, 1939 Enallte- uranoan thorite SKLODOWSKITE U = 9.4%, Th = 25.4% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 18, p. 223, 1933 Mg(U0 2}2Si 20 7• 7H 20 u = 58.4% Eucrasite- variety of thorite Am. Mineralogist, vol. 10,p. 132, 1925 Th = 31.6% Chinlcolobwite -synonym of sklodowskite Dana VI, p. 489 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 9, p. 156, 1924 Ferrothorihf - a ferrian thorite U = 2.4%, Th = 54.0% SODDY/TE Am. Mineralogist, vol. 14, p. 78, 1929 5U03 .2Si02.6H20? Freyalite - variety of thorite u = 77.0% Th = 25.2% Mineralog. Abs., vol. 3, p. 371, 1927 Dana VI, p. 489 STUDTITE Hybl ite - (both alpha and beta} - hydrous A hydrated carbonate of U and Pb. Validity basic sulfo-silicate of Th, with minor of species is questionable. .U, Fe, and Ph. An alteration product of thorite. Soc. beige geologie Bull., vol. 70, pp. 212-225 1947 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 12, pp. 368-372, 1927 7 Orangite- synonym of thorite · n = 9-10, hut may he down to 4 U -= 1.0%, Th = 62.7% U = 47.1 to 59.0% Dana VI, pp. 488-489 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 12, p. 382, 1927 Uranothor·ife - uranoan thorite Calciocarnotite- synonym of U = 7.4 to 13.9% Ferghanite- probably identical with tyuyamunite, hut original descriptions indicate minerals Th = 38.2 to 42.3% may he different. Dana VI, pp. 488-489 Fronde!, C., Harvard University, personal communication

THOROGUMMITE URACOHITE (Th,U)Si04.6H20? Hydrous sulfate of U and Cu. Compare pilharite and nicolayite, p. 14. u = 61.0% U = 20.2%, Th = 36.3% Dana VI, p. 978 Dana VI, p. 893 Uranocher - synonym of uraconite Chlorothorile- synonym of thorogummite URAHIHITE Dana VI, p. 893 4 U02 (between U02 and U3 08t with U THOROTUHGSTITE predominant)

3W0 3 .Th02.4H20? U = 46.4 to 97.6% Th = 14.0% Th = up to 12.2% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 13, p. 159, 1928 Dana VII, pp. 611-620 Brllggerite TORBERHITE Thorian uraninite (U, Th)02 C u(UO 2) 2(PO ~) 2·8-12H 20 u = 68.3%, Th = 5.3% U = 51.2 to 56.0% Dana VII, pp. 611-614 Dana VI, pp. 856-857 Cleveite- uraninite with rare earths Chalcolite -synonym of torhemite U = 57 .Q%, Th = 4.0% Cupro·uranite - synonym of torhernite Dana VII, pp. 611, 613-614 Metachalcolite- synonym of metatorhernite Coraclte - synonym of uraninite Dana VII, pp. 611, 615, 617 Cu(U02)2(P04)2•8H20 Hasturan - synonym of pitchblende u =56% Dana VII, pp. 611, 614, 617 · Mineralog. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 326-339, 1916 Hlvenite - uraninite with rare earths Uranite = torhernite-autunite group U = 57.8%: Th = 5.9% Dana VI, pp. 856-857 Dana VII, pp. 611, 613-615, 617 Uranophyllite • synonym of torhemite , Pitchblende - colloform and massive uraninite TROGERITE U = 56.9 to 82.9% (U02)s(As04 )2.12H20 Dana VII, pp. 611-619 u = 57.5% U lr ichite - synonym of uraninite Dana VI, pp. 859-860 Dana VII, pp. 611, 613, 617 TYUY AMUHITE Uranoniobite- synonym of uraninite Ca(U02)2(V04)2.nH20 Da,na VII, pp. 611, 613 8 Uranopissite -synonym of -.raninite URANOSPINITE Ca(U02)2(As0 4)2.8-12H20 URANOCIRCITE u = 53.4% Ba(U02)2 (P04)2.8H20 Dana VI, pp. 858-859 analogue of autunite UVANITE u = 51.3% 2U03 .3V 20 5 .15H20 Dana VI, p. 859 u = 32.9% URANOPHAHE Mineralog. Mag., vol. 17, p. 359, 1916 1 Ca(U02)2Si20,.6H20 Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 4, U = 48.1 to 60.4% p. 576, 1914 Dana VI, p. 699 V AHDEHBRAHDEITE Beta-uranopliane - polymorph of uranophane CuU04 .2H20 Novalek, R.,~eskf, Spol. Nauk Vestnik, U = 63.5 to 64.3% article VII, pp. 1-36, 1935 Dana VII, pp. 632-633 Lambertite - synonym of uranophane UranolepiJite- s~6nym of vandenbrandeite Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, pp. 155·157, 1926 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 19, pp. 235-236, 1934 RanJite- a mixture of betauranophane, some tyuyamunite, and calcite. V AHDEHDRIESSCHEITE Frondel, C., Harvard University, personal Hydrous lead .. ~ium oxide Validity of communication species is questionable. Uranotil- synonym of uranophane Soc. beige g€ologie Bull., vol. 70, pp. 212-225, 1947 U = 56.7 to 60.2% Dana VI, p. 699 VOGLITE Cu2Cu(U0 )(C0 ) .6H 0? URAHOPILITE 2 3 4 2 u =.34.7% (U02) 6 (S04)(0H)1 o-12H20 Dana VI, p. 308 U = 69.6 to 69.9% Beta-uranopilite WALPURGITE

U 6 (S04)01,.10H20 Bi4(U02)(As04)20 4.3H20 " v tl ~ Novacek, R., Cesk' Spol. Nauk Veatnik, U = 13.5 to 17.0% article VII, pp. 1-36, 1935 Dana VI~. 860; Neues Jahrh., 44, Aht. A, 1948; Evans, H. T.,personal communication, URANOSPA THITE 1949 Hydrated phosphate? ZEUHERITE

Composition unknown Cu(UO 2 ) 2(As0 4 ) 2•8H 20 Mineralog. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 221•236, 1915 u = 50.4% Daria VI, p. 857 URANOSPHAERITE Bi2U20 .3H 0 9 2 2UO 3 .SO 3 .5-6H 2 0 U = 45.9 to 43.3% U = 64.9 to 67.4% Dana VII, .P· 631 Dana VI, p. 978

9 B•. MINERALS WITH MINOR AMOUNTS OF URANlVM ANJ?.T~ORIUM

ALLANITE CORDY LITE (Ca,Ce,Th)2(Al,Fe,Mg) 3Si 30 12(0H) Ce2BaF(COs)s - U = 0.017%, Th = up to 3.2% Th = up to 0.27% Dana VI, pp. 522·526 Dana VI, appendix II, p. 31 Hagatelite- phosphatian variety of allanite CORVUSITE

Th :s 0.8% V 20 4.6V 20 5 .xH20? Am. Mineralogist, vol. 16, pp. 343-344, 1931 Validity of species is questionable. Orthite - synonym of allanite U = 1.0 to 2.8% Yttro-orthite (also, orthite)- synonym Am. Mineralogist, vol. 18, pp.195-205, 1933 of allanit~ · DAVIDITE Mineralog. Mag., vol. 23, p. 639, 1934 Contains Ti, Fe,, rare .earths, U, ·V, and Cr. · AHTHRAXOUTE U = 8.1%, Th = 0.12% A hydrocarbon, nickeliferous and uran- Dana VII, p. 542; ·Royal Soc. S. iferous; compare kolm and thucolite. Trans., vol •. 68, .P~ 334,1944 u :s 0.0029% .FERSMITE .~. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 19, pp. 426-428, 1934 (Ca,Ce,Na)(Cb,Ti,Fe~Al) 2 (0,0H,F) 8 Asphaltite,lwogglte, and carburan are similar Th = 0.42% ... · materials Acad. sci. URSS, C. R., 52, pp. 69-71, 1946 ·:'. :·;·.,,,;,. . . . BASTHAESITE

(Ce,La)FC03 HIELMITE U and Th present hut less than 1%. AB 20e or A2Bs01o U. S. Geol. Survey, manuscript report; Also hjelmite. Dana VI, p. 291 A =·Y,Fe 2,U4,Mn,Ca· CAPPE LEHITE B = Cb, Ta,Sn, W (Ba, Y) 2SiBO e U = 4.0 to 4.3% Th = 0.42% Dana VII, pp. 779-780 Dana VI~ pp. 413-414 HOKUTOL.ITE CERITE Variety of barite. Radioactive mixture of Ph and Ba sulfate. Probably contains Ce2Si05 Ra,Th, and U. U = 0.4%, Th = 0.3% Mineralog. Mag., vol. 16, p. 362, 1913 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 25, pp. 381-404, 1940 Anglesobarite - synonym of hokutolite CHIHGLUSUITE JOHHSTRUPITE A complex silicate of Na,Mn,Ca, and Ti. A complex silicate of Na,Ca, Th,Ce, and Ti. Th = 0.05% Th = 0.7% Acad. sci. URSS Bull., pp. 153-157, 1938 Dana VI, pp. 72G-721

10 KOLM PISEKITE Rock with hydrocarbon ana uranium. Form Essentially a columbate-tantalate-titanate in which uranium is present is unknown. of U and rare earths, with Th and Sn. No quantitative analysis available. May be u = 0.44% related to ampangabeite. Am. Chern. Soc. Jour., vol. 52, pp. 4848-4851, Dana VII, pp. 807-808 1930 See also anthraxolite and thucolite. (Na,Ca)2 (Cb,Ta) 2 0aF LOVOZERITE In pyrochlore-microlite series. Complex silicate of Ti and Zr. U = up to 14.0% Th = 0.50% Th = up to 4.4% Acad. sci. URSS, C. R. 25, p. 735, 1939 Dana VII, pp. 748-754 Azorite - synonym of pyrochlore MELANOC ERI TE Chalcolamprite - synonym of pyrochlore Chiefly a boro-silicate of the Ce and Y . Dana VII, pp. 748, 750, 754 Th = 1.5% E 1/sworthite = composition is close to Dana VI, pp. 414-415 pyrochlore, but analyses show it is relatively high in U and H2 0 and low Caryocerite - near melanocerite in alkalies. Th = 12.0% u = 17.1% Dana VI, p. 415 Dana VII, pp. 748, 750-752 MICROLITE EnJeiolite -similar in composition to chalcolamprite. An altered pyrochlore? (Na,Ca} (Ta,Cb) 0 (0,0H,F) 2 2 6 Dana VII, pp. 748, 754 In pyrochlore-microlite series. Hatchettolite - uranian pyrochlore U = up to 5.1%, Th = 0.2% U = 14.0%, Th = 0.5% Dana VII, pp. 748-754 Dana VII, pp. 748, 75Q-752 Calciotantalite- possibly a mixture of micro- lite and . Koppite - synonym of pyrochlore Dana VII, p. 787 Dana VII, pp. 748, 750, 752 HaJJamite -synonym of microlite Marignacite- synonym of pyrochlore Dana VII, p. 748 Th = 0.2% Metasimpsonite- an alteration product of Dana VII, pp. 748, 750-752 simpsonite, later identified with microlite. Py"hite - synonym of pyrochlore Dana VII, p. 755 Dana VII, pp. 748, 752, 754 Neotantalite - an altered microlite with RIHKITE composition close to tantalite. Complex silicate of Na,Ca,Ce, and Ti. U = tr. Th = small amounts Dana VII, pp. 748, 75Q-751, 753 Dana VI, p. 722 MOSANDRITE KonJrilcite - a mixture of rinkite and zeolite; Complex silicate of Na,Ca,Ce, and Ti. synonym of kondrikovite. Th ='0.3% Lovcho"ite - alteration product of rinkite? Dana VI, pp. 721-722; Also, Zentralbl. U = up to 0.01% Mineralogie, 1934, Abt .. A, pp. 76-79, Th = up to 0.11%

11 Vudyavrite - alteration product of rinkite. TRITOMITE Th :: about 1% A boro-silicate of the and yttrium metals, calcium, and thorium, also contain­ RINKOLITE ing fluorine. Exact formula uncertain. Complex silicate of Na,Ca,Ce, and Zr. Th = 7.5 to 8.3% Th = up to 0.41% Dana VI, p. 416 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, p. 289, 1926 Acad. s. URSS Bull. 20, p. 1181, 1926 TSCHEFFKINITE Complex silicate of rare earths, Fe,Mn,Mg, ROWLANDITE Ca,Al,Ti,Th, and U. An yttrium silicate. Also chevkinite u = 0.4% U = 2.3%, Th = up to 18.4% Dana VI, p. 104 7 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 31, pp. 582-588, 1946 STEENSTRUPINE TURANITE Complex silicate of rare earths, Th,Na,K,Fe, A hydrated copper vanadate reported to contain Mn,Mg,P ,Be,Al, and Ta, with (OH) and F. 3.2% U; validity of species is questionable. Th = 6.2% Acad. sci. St. Petersbourg, Bull. 3, p. 185, Dana VI, p. 415, Also, Neues Jahrb., Beilage- 1909 Band 64, Abt. A, pp. 235-249, 1931 VANOXITE TENGERITE A hydrated vanadium oxide, perhaps 2V 0 4 .V 0 5 .8H 0, reported to contain CaY 3 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 3 .3H20? 2 2 2 up to 0.5% U. Alteration product of yttrialite. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 750, p. 63, 1924 Th = 0.3% Sci. Papers lnst. Phys. Chern. Res. (Tokyo), vol. 34, pp. 832-841, 1938 VOLBORTHITE Cu (V0 )(0H) The originally described tengerite, Dana VI, 2 4 pp. 306-307, is a different mineral, suppos­ u = 3.1% edly yttrium carbonate; no published Nenadkevich and Volkov, Acad. sci. URSS, analysis. C.R. 43, 1926 THALENITE Calciovolborthite

Y 4 Si 4 01s(OH)2 Cu,Ca(V04 )0H Related to yttrialite. Nenadkevich and Volkov, Acad. sci. URSS, C. R. 43, 1926 Th = 0.16% Dana VI, appendix I, p. 68 WI/KITE THUCOLITE ·Ill-defined mixture and alteration product of A hydrocarbon. minerals high in Cb,Ta,Ti,Si, andY. See kolm and anthraxolite. Dana VII, p. 801 U = 4. 9%, Th = 42.5% Nuolaite These percentages are from the ash which· A mixture similar to wiikite. is only about 1 percent by weight of total material. Th = 1.8 to 3.5% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 13, pp. 419-448, 1928 Dana VII, p. 801

12 XENOTIME Cyrtolite YP0 Altered zircon, containing U, Th; Y, and other 4 rare earths. U = up to 3.6% U =up to 1.4% Th = 0.4 .to 2.9% Dana VI, p. 487 Dana VI, pp. 748-749 Hagatalite- synonym of zircon YTTRIALITE U = tr., Th :;: 1.3% Silicate of Th and Y metals chiefly. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, p. 137, 1926 U = 0.8%, Th = 10.5% Dana VI, p. 512 Hoegtveitite May be alvite. YTTROCRASITE Am. Mineralogist, vol. 12, p. 97, 1927 (Y, Th, U,Ca).iTi) 4 0 11? Naegite -variety of zircon U = 2.3%, Th = 7.7% U = 2.4 to 2.7% Dana VII, p. 793 Th = 2.5 to 4.4% YTTROT ANT A LITE Chern. Soc. Japan Jour., vol. 42, p. 1, 1921 Also, Mineralog. Abs., vol. 2, p. 36, 1923 (Fe,Y,U)(Cb,Ta)04 U = 3.4 to 3.9% Oersteclite Th = 0.6 to 0.7% Altered zircon. Dana VI, pp. 763-764 Dana VI, p. 486 Yttrocolumbite is ·similar Oyamalite- variety of zircon Am. Mineralogist, vol. 25, p. 155, 1940 Th = 0.5% Am. Mineralogist, vol. 11, pp. 137-138, 1926 ZIRCON Tachyaphaltlte ZrSi0 4 Prob~bly altered zircon. U and Th very low in most sam_ples, but up to 2.7% U, and up to 13.1% Th reported. Dana VI, p. 486 Dana VI, pp. 482-486 Yamagutlllte- variety of zircon Alvite Also, yamaguchilite Contains P 20 5 and rare earths. Variety of zircon, near cyrtolite. Mineralog. Mag., vol. 24, p. 626, 1937 Th = 13.1%? Dana VI, pp. 487-488 Calyptolite (Ca,Fe,Th,U)2(Ti,Zr)205? Probably altered zircon. U = 1.4%, Th = 6.4% Dana VI, pp. 482, 486 Dana VII, p. 740

13 C. MINERALS THAT SHOULD BE TESTED FOR URANIUM AND THORIUM

ABUKUMALITE A mixture of homilite with a mineral in the melano~erite group? CaY phosphate silicate Dana VI, pp. 416, 507 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 24, p. 66, 1939 ERIKITE AMBA TOAR IN ITE Phosphate-silicate of rare earths, Al, Ca, and Carbonate of Sr and rare earths. Na. Mineralog. Ahs., vol. 1, p. 148, 1920 Mineralog. Mag., vol. 14, p. 348, 1907 ANCYLITE EUDIALYTE Sr 3Ce 4 (C03) 7(0H).3H 0? 2 X5 Y 2Sie01a(Oh,Cl) Dana V~, appendix II, pp. 5-6 X = Ca, Na, Ce, etc. Weibyite Y = Zr, Fe, Cb, etc. Related to ancylite Dana VI, pp. 409-412 Dana pp. 291-292 VI, Eucolite: BAZZITE Same as eudialyte, but with different optical Silicate of , with Fe, Na, and rare sign. earths. Dana VI, pp. 409-412 Mineralog. Abs., vol. 8, p. 105, 1941 FLORENCITE BECKE LITE CeA13(PO 4) 2(0H) e

Ca3(Ce,La,Pr,Nd)4Si3015 Dana VI, appendix II, p. 42 Dana VI, appendix II, p. 14 FLUOCERITE BRITHOLITE (Ce,La)F 3 A cerium-silicate ? Am. Mineralogist, vol. 6, p. 119, 1921 Dana VI, appendix ll, pp. 19-20 Tysonite = fluocerite BUSZITE Dana VI, p. 166 Silicate of rare earths Am. Mineralogist, vol. 14, pp. 438-439, 1929 Be 2FeY ~i201s CENOSITE Dana VI, pp. 509-512 2CaO.(Ce,Y)20s.C02.4Si02.H20? HELLANDITE Also kainosite Ca2(Ce,Al,Mn)e8i401 g.8H20 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 15, pp. 205-219, 1930 Mineralog. Mag., vol. 13, p. 368, 1903

CHURCHITE LAHTHANITE A hydrous phosphate of cerium and calcium La2(COs)2.9H2D Dana VI, p. 820 ~ana VI, pp. 302-303.! LESSINGITE ERDMANNITE Silicate of the rare earths. Hydrous silicate of Ce, Y,Fe,Mn,Al, and Ca. Mineralog. Abs., vol. 10, p. 245, 1948 14 LORANS KITE RHABDOPHAH ITE

(Y ,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Zr)04 ? _Hydrous phosphate of Ce andY 'groups; perhaps (Ce,Y)P0 .H 0 Dana VII, p. 767 4 2 Also rhabdophane HUEVITE Dana VI, p. 820 Titano-columbate of Y, Fe, and Ta. Validity Scovi//ite- synonym of rhabdophanite of species is questionable. Dana VI, p. 820 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 32, pp. 204-205,1947 SCHETE LIGITE PARISITE (Ca, Y,Sb,Mn) 2(Ti,Ta,Cb)2(0,0H), CaCe2F 2(C0s)s? Dana VII, p. 757 Dana VI, pp. 290-291 Synchisite SPHENE . ' CaCeF(C03 ) 2 Essentially CaTiSi20 5 , but commonly contains rare earths, columbium, and other elements. Related to parisite. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 32, pp. 637-642, 1947 Mineralog. Mag., vol. 13, pp. 207-208, 1902 = yttrian sphene GROUP Dana VI, ·p. 117 Perovs Ieite - synonym of sphene CaTi03 - some analyses show rare earths. Yttrotltanite - synonym of keilhauite Dana VII, pp. 730-734 THORTVEITITE Dysanalyte -synonym of perovskite; analYI}s shows rare earths. (Sc,Y)2Si20, Dana VII, pp. _730-732 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 7, pp. 195-196, 1922 Knopite - in perovskite group; analysis shows Belanamlte - synonym of thortveitite rare earths. ·Am. Mineralosist, vol. 11, p. 137, 1926 Dana VII, pp. 730-733 ,, TORHEBOHMITE Loparite -end member in perovskite-knopite- loparite series. Chiefly R 3(F, OH)(SiO 4) 2

Perhaps (Na,Ce,Ca)2(Ti,Cb)20 8 R = Ce,(La,ND),Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca · Dana VII, pp. 730, 732-734 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 6, pp. 118-119, 1921 RETZIAH WEIHSCHEHKITE

Basic arsenate of Mn, Cu, and rare earths. YP04 .2H20 Dana VI, appendix I, p. 59 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 29, pp. 97-107, 1944

•

15 D. MINERALS THAT ARE NON-URANIUM- OR NON-THORIUM-BEARING, BUT THAT HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO CONTAIN IMPURITIES OR INTERGROWTHS OF URANIUM, THORIUM, OR RARE-EARTH MINERALS

BADDELEYITE Manganotantalite- synonym of tantalite Dana VII, pp. 780, 783-784 Zr0 2 Analyses show traces· of rare earths. Siderotantalite- synonym of tantalite Dana VII, p. 780 Dana VII, pp. 607-610 Tanto lite Brazilite -mixture of fibrous , (Fe,Mn)(Ta,CbhOa zircon, altered zircon, and other minerals FLUORITE Dana VII, p. 610 CaF2 Ca/Jasite - mixture of baddeleyite, zircon, altered zircon, and other minerals. Some samples, especially those of deep­ purple color show radioactivity. This Dana VII, p. 610 generally can be shown to be due to Zirkite - mixture of baddeleyite, zircon, inclusions of uranium minerals, but the altered zircon and other minerals. fluorite itself may possibly contain traces of uranium. COLUMBITE-TANTALITE SERIES Dana VI, pp. 161-164 Columbite Yttrocerite

(Fe ,Mn )(Cb, T a)20 a CaF 2 with varying amounts of (Y,Ce)F 3 • U = up to 1.7% Dana VI, p. 182 Dana VII, pp. 78Q-785 Yttrolluorite • yttrian variety of fluorite Baierite - synonym of columbite Mineralog. Mag., vol. 16, p. 376, 1913 Also baierine FRANCO UTE Dana VII, p. 780 An apatite which is an important constituent Dianite - synonym of columbite of many phosphate rocks, but which analyses Dana VII, p. 780 show contains very little rare e~s. Ferrocolumbite- synonym of columhite Dana VI, pp. 762, 764 Dana VII, pp. 780, 783 ILMEHORUTILE Ferro-ilmenite - synonym of columbite Columbian . Dana VII, pp. 780, 785 Dana VII, pp. 554, 557, 560 Ferro*antalite- synonym of tantalite KALKOWSKITE Dana VII, pp. 780, 783 Fe2Tis09? Greenlandite- synonym of columbite Analysis shows rare earths. Dana VII, pp. 780, 784 Dana Vll, pp. 773-774 Hermannolite - synonym of columbite Dana VII, pp. 780, 785 KATANGITE 1/delonsite- synonym of tantalite H2CuSi04 + H20? Dana VII~ p. 780 Is .identical with chrysocolla; found together with uranium minerals in Katanga, Belgian Manganocolumbite - variety of columbite Congo. Dana VII, pp. 780, 783·784 Am. Mineralogist, vol. 8, p. 39, 1923

16 OPAL STRUEVERITE Si02.nH20 Tantalian rutile. Some varieties show green fluorescence due Dana VII, pp. 554, 557-560 to uranium content. TAPIOLITE SERIES PYROMORPHITE Cassiterotantalite -synonym of ixiolite Pb5(P04)sCl Dana VII, p. 778 Some specimens are uraniferous. lxiolite -may be equal to tapiolite Zeitschr. Kristallographie, vol. 62, pp. 177-178, Dana VII, p. 778 1925 lxionolite -synonym of ixiolite Mossite SCAPOLITE Fe(Cb,Ta)2 0 6 (Na,Ca) 4Als(Al,Si)sSi 60~ 4(Cl,C 0 3 ,SO 4) Dana VII, pp. 775-777 A fluorescent variety contains 0.023% U. Slcogbglite - synonym of tapiolite Chemie der Erde, vol. 9, pp. 139-144, 1934-35 ,, Dana VII, pp. 775-778 SE FSTROMITE Tapiolite

Mixture largely of ilmenite, similar to davidite. FeTa2 0 6 Dana VII, p. 542 Dana VII, pp. 775-777

17 INDEX

(A) indicates minerals containing uranium or thorium as major constituents. (B) indicates minerals containing minor amounts of uranium or thorium. (C) indicates minerals that should be tested for uranium and thorium content. (D) indicates minemls that are non-uranium- or non-thorium-bearing, but t~at have been reported to contain impurities or intergrowths of uranium, thorium, or rare-earth minerals.

Page Page Abukumalite(C) ...... ••...... • .. ..•.. .. 14 Chlorothorite(A) = thorogummite •.•...... 8 Adelpholite(A) = fergusonite? ••...•..••...... 4 Churchite(C) ...... 14 Aeschynite(A), see eschynite . . .• ...... •. •. • .. . 3 Clarkeite(A) ...... 2 Allanite(B) ...... •...... • ...... •...... ••. ...•.. 10 Cleveite(A) see uraninite ...... 8 Alvite(B), see zircon ...... •...... • •.•.• •....• 13 Columbite(D) see columbite-tantalite series •. 16 Amhatoarinite(C) •...... • . •. •. . . . •. .• ... 14 Columbite-taJltalite series (D) ...... 16 Ampangaheite(A) •...... • ...... • . . . . •. . • ...... 2 Coracite(A) = uraninite ...... 8 Ancylite(C) ...... ••• .... •.• ...... •....•. ..•. 14 Cordylite(B) ...... 10 Andersonite(A) . • . •• ...... • . . . •• • . . • • • . • . . . • . • . • 2 Corvusite(B) ...... 10 Anglesoharite(B) = hokutolite • .• . . . • .• • • . • . .. • . • • 10 Cryptolite(A) = monazite ...... 5 Annerb'dite(A), see samarskite •..•.•.•.••..•...•.. 6 Cuprosklodowskite(A) ...•...... •.....•.... ·~ 2 Anthraxolite(B) ...... • . . . . • . . . • . • . • • . • • • •• • . . . • . .. . • . . 10 Cupro-uranite(A) = ...••...... 8 Arrhenite(A), see fergusonite ...... 4 Cmite (A) ...... 3 Asphaltite(B), see anthraxolite • • • ••• • • •• •• • . • . . •. 10 Cyrtolite(B) see zirc.on ...... 13 Auerlite(A), see thorite ...... 7 Autunite(A) ••.....• :...... 2 Dakeite(A) = schroeckingerite .. ."...... ·.... 7 Azorite(B) = pyrochlore • . • . . . . •• . •• • . • • . . • . . • •• • . • . 11 Davidite (B) .'...... • ... • • •• . . .. • •• .. ... 10 Delorenzite(A) ...... •...... 3 BaddeleY.ite(D) ..•.••.••••.•••..•..••••••••.••.••.•.••• 16 Dewindtite(A) ...... • ...... • ...... 3 Baierite(D) see columbite-tantalite series •••• 16 Dianite(D) see columbite-tantalite series ...... 16 Bassetite(A) • . . . • . •• . • . • • •• •• • • . •• . • . • . • . • . . •. . • • •• • . • • 2 Diderichite(A) . . • . • . . • . . • . . .. •• . . .. . • . • . • .. • . • . • • . . •• . • 3 Bastnaesite(B) . . . • . . • . •• ...... •• . . . • . . • •• • •• •• • • • . • . • 10 Djalmite(A) ...... 3 Bayleyite(A) • • . . . • . • . • . . . . • . . . • . . . •• • •• • • • • . • • . • . •. •. •• 2 llioogmansite(A) ...... • •...... • 3 Bazzite(C) ...... 14 Dumontite(A) ...... 3 Becke lite(C) .. ;...... •...••.. •.. .• .•...... •..•. .• 14 Dysanalyte(C) = perovskite . :...... • . . . .. •. 15 Becquerelite(A) •.•..•.••..·...... •• . •...... 2 Befanamite(C) = thortveitite .. • . .. . . •. • . • ...... • 15 Edwardsite(A) = monazite ...... 5 Betafite(A) . . . . . •...... •...... • . • . . •.. . . . • . • . . .. . • •• 2 Eliasite(A) = gummite ...... 4 Billietite(A) see hecquerelite .. .. • ...... • •• .. •• 2 Ellsv.orthite(B) see pyrochlore ...... 11 :Slomstrandine(A) = p:iorite • .• •. .• • • . •. .. .• . •. • • •• 6 Enalite(A) see thorite ...... 7 Blomstrandinite(A) = hlomstrandine • • ...... • . .. 6 Endeiolite(B)'see pyrochlore ...... 11 Blomstrandite(A) :: betafite • .. .• • . •. . .• .• • . .. . .• . • 2 Epiianthinite(A) ...... 3 Bragite(A) = fergusonite . . .• • . . • . . • •. . • . . . . • ...... • 4 Erdmannite(C) ...... 14 Brannerite(A) ..• , . . . • . . • .• . •. . • .. • • . . • . • • • •• •• • • •• • • . •• 2 Eremite(A) = monazite ...... 5 Brazilite(D) see baddeleyite' ...... •• .• 16 Erikite (C) ...... ·~·· .. .. 14 Britholite(C) ... •...... • •• . .• •• •. • • . • .... •• ... •. • ... . •• 14 Eschwegite(A) see euxenite ...... 3 Broggite(B) see anthraxolite • • • ... • . . •• •. . .. • • ... • 10 Eschynite(A) ...... 3 BrSg~rite (A) see uraninite ..••••. ~...... • •.. .. • 8 Eucolite(C) see eudialyte ...... 14 Buszlte(C) ...... •. ... •• • •• • •• . • .. ... •. • . • • • . . • . • • 14 Eucrasite(A) see thorite ....••..••••••.•••...•..•••• 7 Eudialyte(C) ...... 14• Calc iocarnotite(A) = tyuyamunite . •• • .. • . • • •• •.. . 8 Euxenite(A) •..•.•..•.•• ~ ..••...•.•.•.•.••••...••.•..••• 3 Calciosamarskite(A) •• • • • . . . . . •• •• . . • •. .. . •• • •• .. •• •• 2 Eytlandite (A) = samarskite ...... 6 Calciotantalite(B) see micro lite ...... ~...... 11 Ferghanite(A) see tyuyamunite ...... 8 Calciothorite(A) see thorite ••••... .•.•...... 7 Fergusonite(A) ...... 4 Calciovolborthite(B) see volborthite .. . . • . •. . • •• 12 Ferrocolumbite(D) see columbite-tantalite Calcouranite(A) = autunite • • . ... • .. • • ...... 2 · series ...... 16 Caldasite(D) see baddeleyite ...... 16 Ferro-ilmenite(D) see columbite-tantalite Calyptolite(B) see zircon . .• . • • • • . •• . •• . •• • • • • . • ... 13 series ...... 16 Ca~pelenite(B) .• . .. .• •• .. . •• •• . . . •• . • • .. . • . .• •• • .. . • • . 10 Ferrotantalite(D) see columbite-tantalite Carouran (B) see anthraxolite . .. . • . .. . • . • • • • ...... 10 series ...... ~ ...... 16 Carnotite(A) . . . • . • • . • ...... • . • • •• ...... •. .. 2 Ferrothorite(A) see thorite ...... 7 Caryocerite(B) see melanoceri~e ... • .• •. • ...... 11 Fersmite(B) ...... 10 Cassiterotantalite(D) see tapiolite series ••••. 19 Florencite(C) ...... 14 Cenosite(C) . ••• .. .•• .• •...... •. •••.• ••• .• .••.• •• . .•.• .• 14 Fluocerite(C) ...... 14 Cerite(B) ...... ·...... 10 Fluorite(D) ·· ...... 16 Chalcolamp:ite(B) = pyrochlore .. •• •• . • . • . . •. •• .. 11 Flutherite(A) = liebigite • • •. . • . • • . . • • • .. • ...... 5 Chalcolite(A) =torbernite ...... • ...... • • • .. .• • • 8 Formanite(A) ...... 4 Chevkinite(B) = tscheffkinite . .. .. • • . • • • • . . . • . • . . • 12 Fourmarierite(A) .\ ...... 4 Chinglusuite(B) ...... •• . • . • ...... • . 10 Francolite(D) ...... 16 Chinkolobwite(A) = sklodowskite • . •. • •• ...... • . 7 Freyalite(A) see thorite ..••...... •...... •..•...•... 7 Chlopinite(A) see khlopinite ...... 5 Fritzscheite(A) ...... 4 18 •'I Page Page Gadolinite(C) ...... , ...... 14 Naegite(B) = zircon ...... 13 Gilpinite(A) = johannite ...... 5 Nagatelite(B) see allanite ...... 10 Greenlandite(D) see columbite-tantalite Nasturan(A)'see uraninite ...... 8 series ...... 16 Neotantalite(B) see microlite ...... 11 Gummite(A) ...... 4 Nicolayite(A) see maitlandite ...... 5 Nivenite(A) see uraninite ...... 8 Haddamite(B) = microlite ...... 11 Nohlite(A) ...... 6 Hagatalite(B) = zircon ...... 13 Nuevite (C)...... 15 Hatchettolite(B) see pyrochlore ...... ~ ...a"'" 11 Nuolaite(B) see wiikite ...... 12 Hellandite(C) ...... 14 Hermannolite(D) see cohunbite-tantalite Oerstedite(B) see zircon ...... 13 series ...... 16 Opal(D) ...... 17 Hielmite(B) ...... 10 Orangite(A) = thorite ...... 8 Hlopinite(A) see khlopinite ...... 5 Hoegtveitite(B) see zucon ...... Orthite(B) = allanite ...... 10 13 Oyamalite(B) = zircon ...... 13 Hokutolite(B) = barite ...... 10 Huttonite(A) ...... 4 Paraschoe}ite (A) ...... 6 Hyblite(A) see thorite ...... 7 Parisite(C ...... 15 Hvdro-euxenite(A}: ampangabeite ...... 2 Parsonsite(A)...... 6 Hydrosamarskite(A) see samarskite ....•...... 6 Perovskite(C) see_perovskite group ...... 15 Hydrothorite(A) see mackintoshite ...... 5 Perovskite group(C) ...... 15 Phosphocente(A) = monazite ...... 5 Ianthinite(A) ...... 4 Phosphuranylite(A) ...... 6 lldefonsite(D) see columbite-tantalite series ...... 16 Pilbarite(A) see mackintoshite ...... 5 Ilmenorutile(D) ...... 16 Pisekite(B) ...... 11 Ishikawaite(A) ...... Pitchblende(A) see uraninite .:...... 8 4 Pittinite (A) = gummite ...... 4 lxiolite(D) see tapiolite series ...... 17 Plumboniobite(A) see samarskite ...... 6 Ixionolite(D) see tapioJite series ...... 17 Polycrase(A) ...... 6 Jachymovite(A) = cuprosklodowskite ...... 3 Polymignyte (A) ...... 6 J ohannite(A) ...... 4 Priorite(A) ...... 6 J ohnstrupite(B) ...... 10 Pyrochlore(B) ...... 11 Kainosite(C) = cenosite ...... 14 Pyromorehite(D) ...... 17 Kalkowskite(D) ...... 16 pYrrhite(B) = pyrochlore ...... • 11 Klrarfveite(A) see monazite ...... 5 Randite(A} see uranophane ...... 9 Kasolite(A) ...... , , ••...• 5 Rauvite(A) ...... 6 Katangite(D) ...... , .. , .... , ...... , 16 Renardite(A) ...... 6 Keilhauite(C) see sphene ...... 15 Retzian(C) ...... 15 Khlopinite (A) ·.. , ...... 5 Rhabdophanite(C) ...... 15 Knopite(C) see perovskite group ...... 15 Richetite(A) ...... 6 Kochelite(A) = fergusonite ...... 4 Rinkite(B) ...... 11 Kolm(B) ...... 11 Rinfolite(B) ...... 12 Kondrikovite(B) = kondrikite see rinkite ...... 11 Risorite(A) = fergusonite ...... 4 Koppite(B) = pyrochl«e ...... -; ...... 11 Rogersite(A) = samarskite ...... 6 Rowlandite(B) ...... 12 Lambertite(A) = uranophane • ...... 9 Lanthanite(C) ...... :...... 14 (A) ...... 6 Lessingite(C) ...... -...... 14 Rutherfordite(A) see fergusonite ...... 4 LiebifSite(A) ...... 5 Saleeite(A) ...... : ...... _ _...... 6 Lopar1te(C) see perovskite group ...... 15 Samarskite(A) ...... 16 Loranskite(C) ...... 15 Samiresite(A) ·= betafite ...... 9 Lovchorrite(B) see rinkite ...... 11 Scapolite(D) ...... 17 Lovozerite(B) ...... •...... 11 Scheteligite(C) ...... 15 Lyndochite(A) see euxenite ...... 3 Schoepite(A) ...... 7 Mackintoshite(A) ...... 5 Schroeckingerite(A) ...... 7 Maitlandite(A) ...... Scovillite(C) = rhabdophanite ...... 15 5 Sefstromite(D) ...... , ...... 17 Mangan'?colu~ite(D) see columbite- tantallte ser1es ...... 16 Sengierite(A) ...... ~ ...... 7 Sharpite(A) ...... 7 ManganThorianite(A) ...... 7 Voglite(A) ...... 9 Thorite(A) ...... 7 V olborthite(B) ...... 12 Thorogummite(A) ...... 8 Vudyavrite(B) see rinkite ...... 12 Thorot ungstite(A) ...... 8 Walpurgite{A) ...... 9 Thortveitite(C) ...... 15 Weibyite(C) see ancylite ...... 14 Thucolite(B) ...... 12 Weinschenkite(C) ...... 15 Titanite(C) = sphene ...... 15 Wiikite(B) ...... 12 Toddite(A) see euxenite ...... 3 Torbernite(A) ...... 8 Xenotime(B) ...... 13 Tornebohmite(C) ...... 15 Yamaguchilite(B) = yamagutilite ...... 13 Tritomite(B) ...... 12 Y amagutilite(B) = zircon ...... 13 Trogerite(A)_ ...... 8 Yttrialite(B) ...... -...... ; ••. 13 Tscheffkinite(B) ...... 12 10 Turanite(B) ...... 12 Yttriumorthite(B) = allanite ...... Turnerite(A) = monazite ...... 5 Uranothallite(A) = · liebigite ...... 5 Tyrite(A) = fergusonite ...... 4 Uranothorianite(A) see thorianite ...... 7 Tysonite(C) = fluocerite ...... 14 Uranothorite(A) see thorite ...... ; .. .. 8 Tyuyamunite(A) ...... 8 Uranotil(A) = uranophane ...... 9 Ulrichite(A) = uraninite ...... 8 Urdite(A) = monazite ...... 5 Uraconite(A) ...... 8 Uvanite(A) ...... 9 Uraninite(A) ...... 8 Yttrocerite(D) see fluorite ...... ~ ...... 16 Uranite(A) = torbernite- autunite group ...... 8 Yttrocolumhite(B) see yttrotantalite ...... 13 Uranochalcite(A) see cuprosklodowsk1te ... .. 3 Yttrocrasitc(B) ...... 13 Uranocher(A) = uraconite ...... 8 Yttrofluorite(D) see fluorite ...... 16 Uranocircite(A) ... : ...... 9 Yttrogummite(A) = gummite ...... Uranolepidite(A) = vandenbrandeite ...... 9 4 Yttro-ilmenite(A) = samarskite ...... 7 Uranoniobite(A) = uraninite ...... ~ Yttro-orthite(B) = allanite ...... 10 Uranophane(A) ...... 9 Yttrotantalite(B) ...... 13 Uranophyllite(A) = torbernite ...... 8 Uranopilite(A) ...... 9 Yttrotitanite(C) = keilhauite ...... 15 Uranopissite(A) = uraninite •...•...••...•.•••... 9 Zeunerite(A) ...... 9 Uranospathite(A) ...... 9 Zippeite(A) ...... 9 Uranosphaerite(A) ...... 9 Zircon(B) ...... 13 Uranospinite(A) ...... 9 Zirkelite(B) ...... 13 Uranotantalite(A) = samarskite ••.••.••••.•.•.•. 7 Zirkite(D) see baddeleyite ...... 16

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