Unit One Introduction to Marine Invertebrates
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Educators' Resource Guide
EDUCATORS' RESOURCE GUIDE Produced and published by 3D Entertainment Distribution Written by Dr. Elisabeth Mantello In collaboration with Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society TABLE OF CONTENTS TO EDUCATORS .................................................................................................p 3 III. PART 3. ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 1. DO YOU Know ME? ................................................................. p 20 PLANKton, SOURCE OF LIFE .....................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 2. discoVER THE ANIMALS OF "SECRET OCEAN" ......... p 21-24 ACTIVITY 3. A. SECRET OCEAN word FIND ......................................... p 25 PART 1. SCENES FROM "SECRET OCEAN" ACTIVITY 3. B. ADD color to THE octoPUS! .................................... p 25 1. CHristmas TREE WORMS .........................................................................p 5 ACTIVITY 4. A. WHERE IS MY MOUTH? ..................................................... p 26 2. GIANT BasKET Star ..................................................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 4. B. WHat DO I USE to eat? .................................................. p 26 3. SEA ANEMONE AND Clown FISH ......................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 5. A. WHO eats WHat? .............................................................. p 27 4. GIANT CLAM AND ZOOXANTHELLAE ................................................p -
Multiple Observations of Bigfin Squid (Magnapinna Sp.) in the Great
PLOS ONE RESEARCH ARTICLE Multiple observations of Bigfin Squid (Magnapinna sp.) in the Great Australian Bight reveal distribution patterns, morphological characteristics, and rarely seen behaviour 1 2 1 3 Deborah OsterhageID *, Hugh MacIntosh , Franziska Althaus , Andrew Ross 1 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, a1111111111 Tasmania, Australia, 2 Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3 CSIRO Energy, Commonwealth a1111111111 Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, a1111111111 Western Australia, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS One of the most remarkable groups of deep-sea squids is the Magnapinnidae, known for Citation: Osterhage D, MacIntosh H, Althaus F, their large fins and strikingly long arm and tentacle filaments. Little is known of their biology Ross A (2020) Multiple observations of Bigfin and ecology as most specimens are damaged and juvenile, and in-situ sightings are sparse, Squid (Magnapinna sp.) in the Great Australian numbering around a dozen globally. As part of a recent large-scale research programme in Bight reveal distribution patterns, morphological the Great Australian Bight, Remotely Operated Vehicles and a towed camera system were characteristics, and rarely seen behaviour. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0241066. https://doi.org/10.1371/ deployed in depths of 946±3258 m resulting in five Magnapinna sp. sightings. These repre- journal.pone.0241066 sent the first records of Bigfin Squid in Australian waters, and more than double the known Editor: Johann Mourier, Institut de recherche pour records from the southern hemisphere, bolstering a hypothesis of cosmopolitan distribution. le developpement, FRANCE As most previous observations have been of single Magnapinna squid these multiple sight- Received: May 9, 2020 ings have been quite revealing, being found in close spatial and temporal proximity of each other. -
Number of Living Species in Australia and the World
Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World 2nd edition Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services australia’s nature Toowoomba, Australia there is more still to be discovered… Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study Canberra, Australia September 2009 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Insecta (insects) 23 Plants 43 Viruses 59 Arachnida Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) 43 Protoctista (mainly Introduction 2 (spiders, scorpions, etc) 26 Gymnosperms (Coniferophyta, Protozoa—others included Executive Summary 6 Pycnogonida (sea spiders) 28 Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta under fungi, algae, Myriapoda and Ginkgophyta) 45 Chromista, etc) 60 Detailed discussion by Group 12 (millipedes, centipedes) 29 Ferns and Allies 46 Chordates 13 Acknowledgements 63 Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, etc) 31 Bryophyta Mammalia (mammals) 13 Onychophora (velvet worms) 32 (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 47 References 66 Aves (birds) 14 Hexapoda (proturans, springtails) 33 Plant Algae (including green Reptilia (reptiles) 15 Mollusca (molluscs, shellfish) 34 algae, red algae, glaucophytes) 49 Amphibia (frogs, etc) 16 Annelida (segmented worms) 35 Fungi 51 Pisces (fishes including Nematoda Fungi (excluding taxa Chondrichthyes and (nematodes, roundworms) 36 treated under Chromista Osteichthyes) 17 and Protoctista) 51 Acanthocephala Agnatha (hagfish, (thorny-headed worms) 37 Lichen-forming fungi 53 lampreys, slime eels) 18 Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 38 Others 54 Cephalochordata (lancelets) 19 Cnidaria (jellyfish, Prokaryota (Bacteria Tunicata or Urochordata sea anenomes, corals) 39 [Monera] of previous report) 54 (sea squirts, doliolids, salps) 20 Porifera (sponges) 40 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 55 Invertebrates 21 Other Invertebrates 41 Chromista (including some Hemichordata (hemichordates) 21 species previously included Echinodermata (starfish, under either algae or fungi) 56 sea cucumbers, etc) 22 FOREWORD In Australia and around the world, biodiversity is under huge Harnessing core science and knowledge bases, like and growing pressure. -
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide Contents ANEMONES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 AGGREGATING ANEMONE (ANTHOPLEURA ELEGANTISSIMA) ............................................................................................................................... 2 BROODING ANEMONE (EPIACTIS PROLIFERA) ................................................................................................................................................... 2 CHRISTMAS ANEMONE (URTICINA CRASSICORNIS) ............................................................................................................................................ 3 PLUMOSE ANEMONE (METRIDIUM SENILE) ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 BARNACLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACORN BARNACLE (BALANUS GLANDULA) ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 HAYSTACK BARNACLE (SEMIBALANUS CARIOSUS) .............................................................................................................................................. 4 CHITONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Chemists with No Backbones
Medicines from the Deep Sea: Exploration of the Gulf of Mexico Chemists with No Backbones FOCUS TEACHING TIME Benthic invertebrates that produce pharmacologi- One or two 45-minute class periods, plus time for cally-active substances student research GRADE LEVEL SEATING ARRANGEMENT 5-6 (Life Science) Classroom style, or groups of 2-3 students FOCUS QUESTION MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS What groups of marine organisms produce sub- 30 stances that may be helpful in treating human dis- eases? KEY WORDS Cardiovascular disease LEARNING OBJECTIVES Cancer Students will be able to identify at least three Arthritis groups of benthic invertebrates that are known to Natural products produce pharmacologically-active compounds. Sponge Tunicate Students will be able to describe why pharmaco- Ascidian logically-active compounds derived from benthic Bryozoan invertebrates may be important in treating human Octocorals diseases. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Students will be able to infer why sessile marine Despite the many advances of modern medicine, invertebrates appear to be promising sources of disease is still the leading cause of death in the new drugs. United States. Cardiovascular disease and cancer together account for more than 1.5 million deaths MATERIALS annually (40% and 25% of all deaths, respectively). Marker board, blackboard, or overhead projector In addition, one in six Americans have some form with transparencies for group discussions of arthritis, and hospitalized patients are increas- ingly threatened by infections that are resistant to AUDIO/VISUAL MATERIALS conventional antibiotics. The cost of these diseases None is staggering: $285 billion per year for cardiovas- cular disease; $107 billion per year for cancer; $65 billion per year for arthritis. -
Solomon Islands Marine Life Information on Biology and Management of Marine Resources
Solomon Islands Marine Life Information on biology and management of marine resources Simon Albert Ian Tibbetts, James Udy Solomon Islands Marine Life Introduction . 1 Marine life . .3 . Marine plants ................................................................................... 4 Thank you to the many people that have contributed to this book and motivated its production. It Seagrass . 5 is a collaborative effort drawing on the experience and knowledge of many individuals. This book Marine algae . .7 was completed as part of a project funded by the John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation Mangroves . 10 in Marovo Lagoon from 2004 to 2013 with additional support through an AusAID funded community based adaptation project led by The Nature Conservancy. Marine invertebrates ....................................................................... 13 Corals . 18 Photographs: Simon Albert, Fred Olivier, Chris Roelfsema, Anthony Plummer (www.anthonyplummer. Bêche-de-mer . 21 com), Grant Kelly, Norm Duke, Corey Howell, Morgan Jimuru, Kate Moore, Joelle Albert, John Read, Katherine Moseby, Lisa Choquette, Simon Foale, Uepi Island Resort and Nate Henry. Crown of thorns starfish . 24 Cover art: Steven Daefoni (artist), funded by GEF/IWP Fish ............................................................................................ 26 Cover photos: Anthony Plummer (www.anthonyplummer.com) and Fred Olivier (far right). Turtles ........................................................................................... 30 Text: Simon Albert, -
Awareness, Prevention and Treatment of World-Wide Marine Stings and Bites
Awareness, Prevention and Treatment of world-wide marine stings and bites Dr Peter Fenner Honorary Medical Officer, Surf Life Saving Australia International Life Saving Federation Medical/Rescue Conference Proceedings September 1997 Abstract The most common world-wide first aid treatment used by the average lifesaver/lifeguard is the treatment of marine envenomation, especially the treatment of jellyfish stings. It is important to use the correct first aid treatment for each type of envenomation. This study provides a simplified protocol for: - 1. Awareness of the geographical distribution and possibilities of envenomation enabling: - 2. Preventative strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from marine envenomation 3. First aid treatment of marine envenomation by jellyfish or other marine animals This discussion is based on protocols developed for Surf Life Saving Australia and other first aid providers in Australia over the past ten years. Their success has been proven by a 30% reduction in the number of stings over the past 10 years (statistics from the author’s records). Information for this article has been taken from: - 1. Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook produced by Surf Life Saving Queensland 2. The global problem of cnidarian stinging. MD Thesis by the author for the University of London. Introduction The global problem of marine envenomation is not fully appreciated. Each year hundreds of deaths occur from poisoning (by ingestion or eating) or by envenomation (stinging by jellyfish, or biting by venomous marine animals). The morbidity is even greater with jellyfish stings world-wide being numbered in their millions. Each summer it is estimated that up to half a million stings occur on the east coast of the United States from the Portuguese man-o’-war (Physalia physalis). -
Feeding-Dependent Tentacle Development in the Sea Anemone Nematostella Vectensis ✉ Aissam Ikmi 1,2 , Petrus J
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18133-0 OPEN Feeding-dependent tentacle development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis ✉ Aissam Ikmi 1,2 , Petrus J. Steenbergen1, Marie Anzo 1, Mason R. McMullen2,3, Anniek Stokkermans1, Lacey R. Ellington2 & Matthew C. Gibson2,4 In cnidarians, axial patterning is not restricted to embryogenesis but continues throughout a prolonged life history filled with unpredictable environmental changes. How this develop- 1234567890():,; mental capacity copes with fluctuations of food availability and whether it recapitulates embryonic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we utilize the tentacles of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as an experimental paradigm for developmental patterning across distinct life history stages. By analyzing over 1000 growing polyps, we find that tentacle progression is stereotyped and occurs in a feeding-dependent manner. Using a combination of genetic, cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that the crosstalk between Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and Fibroblast growth factor receptor b (Fgfrb) signaling in ring muscles defines tentacle primordia in fed polyps. Interestingly, Fgfrb-dependent polarized growth is observed in polyp but not embryonic tentacle primordia. These findings show an unexpected plasticity of tentacle development, and link post-embryonic body patterning with food availability. 1 Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. 2 Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, -
Recruitment of Marine Invertebrates: the Role of Active Larval Choices and Early Mortality
Oecologia (Berl) (1982) 54:348-352 Oer Springer-Verlag 1982 Recruitment of Marine Invertebrates: the Role of Active Larval Choices and Early Mortality Michael J. Keough and Barbara J. Downes Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Ca 93106, USA Summary. Spatial variation in the recruitment of sessile a reflection of the limitations of the observer. The number marine invertebrates with planktonic larvae may be derived of organisms passing through the fourth phase is termed from a number of sources: events within the plankton, recruitment, while the number passing to the third phase choices made by larvae at the time of settlement, and mor- is termed settlement. Recruitment is a composite of larval tality of juvenile organisms after settlement, but before a and juvenile stages, while settlement involves only larval census by an observer. These sources usually are not distin- stages. guished. It is important to distinguish between settlement and A study of the recruitment of four species of sessile recruitment. Non-random patterns of recruitment, such as invertebrates living on rock walls beneath a kelp canopy differences in the density of recruitment with height on the showed that both selection of microhabitats by settling shore (Underwood 1979) or differences in the density of larvae and predation by fish may be important. Two micro- recruitment with patch size (Jackson 1977; Keough 1982a), habitats were of interest; open, flat rock surfaces, and small or with microhabitat, may have two causes: (1) differential pits and crevices that act as refuges from fish predators. settlement, and (2), different probabilities of early mortality The polychaete Spirorbis eximus and the cyclostome in different parts of an organism's habitat. -
Cryptic Herbivorous Invertebrates Restructure the Composition of Degraded Coral Reef Communities in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Spring 2019 Cryptic Herbivorous Invertebrates Restructure the Composition of Degraded Coral Reef Communities in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA Angelo Jason Spadaro Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Spadaro, Angelo J.. "Cryptic Herbivorous Invertebrates Restructure the Composition of Degraded Coral Reef Communities in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA" (2019). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/fg35-1j72 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/86 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRYPTIC HERBIVOROUS INVERTEBRATES RESTRUCTURE THE COMPOSITION OF DEGRADED CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES IN THE FLORIDA KEYS, FLORIDA, USA by Angelo Jason Spadaro B.S. May 2010, Old Dominion University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2019 Approved by: Mark J Butler, IV (Director) Eric Walters (Member) Dan Barshis (Member) Seabird McKeon (Member) ABSTRACT CRYPTC HERBIVOROUS INVERTEBRATES RESTRUCTURE THE COMPOSITION OF DEGRADED CORAL REEF COMMUNITIES IN THE FLORIDA KEYS, FLORIDA, USA Angelo Jason Spadaro Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. -
Environmental Learning Outside the Classroom (ELOC)
Environmental Learning Outside the Classroom (ELOC) This guidebook provides lesson ideas and activities to get students engaged with outdoor learning. Created by the Virgin Islands Marine Advisory Service (VIMAS), an extension arm of the University of Puerto Rico’s Sea Grant College Program. For more information, contact: Howard Forbes Jr. (VIMAS Coordinator) ph: 340-693-1672/340-513-7203 E-mail: [email protected] Website: vimas.uvi.edu VIMAS Lesson Plan Topic: Marine Invertebrates / Coral Reefs / Marine Protected Areas Grade level: 5th to 12th Estimated time for activity: Lecture: Interactive 30 minutes, Activity: 30 minutes Information Purpose: Procedure: To teach students about marine Students will have an opportunity to interact invertebrates and how they differ from with marine life both in a water table as well as Activity vertebrates. To educate students on how in their natural environment via snorkeling. to identify various marine species. Students will be actively engaged in discussion about the various marine invertebrates. After exposure students should be able to identify at least 3 marine invertebrates and name something special about each. By dispelling myths associated with some of the marine invertebrates, students should be more comfortable with snorkeling and handling Assessment of marine invertebrates. Google was used for all images. NOAA’s Territorial Coral Reef Monitoring Program (TCRMP) http://coralreef.noaa.gov/education/educators/resourcecd/lessonplans/resources/protect _this_lp.pdf References http://marinebio.org/oceans/marine-invertebrates/ Marine Invertebrates What are invertebrates? • An invertebrate is a species that does not possess a backbone. • There are vertebrates in the marine environment, namely most fish. -
Marine Invertebrates As Indicators of Reef Health
MARINE INVERTEBRATES AS INDICATORS OF REEF HEALTH A STUDY OF THE REEFS IN THE REGION OF ANDAVADOAKA, SOUTH WEST MADAGASCAR Anna Hopkins MSc Conservation Science September 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science and the Diploma of Imperial College London i ABSTRACT Coral reefs are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic threats, especially over- harvesting. Certain invertebrate species are considered indicators of ecological change and any possible disturbance to the reef can be gauged by monitoring their abundance. The densities of eight invertebrate species were measured over a four year period within three types of reef; fringing, barrier and patch, surrounding the area of Andavadoaka, Southwest Madagascar. General linear mixed effect models indicated complex patterns of abundance in relation to annual, seasonal and spatial variation in all species, with season being the weaker explanatory variable. There was no evidence of ecological disturbance in any of the reef types and echinoid densities were comparable to those found in protected areas. Acanthaster planci was found in very low densities and therefore not an ecological threat. Echinostrephus was found to be the dominant echinoid throughout the area. Harvested species T. gigas and C. tritonis were uniformly rare at all sites but compared to reefs in Southeast Asia are in healthy numbers. Holothurians have decreased in number although recent increases have been noted on patch reefs. Patch reefs were found to harbour the healthiest abundance of echinoids and harvested species. Fringing reefs had lower densities of all species possibly as a result of more intense harvesting effort.