DOCSLIB.ORG

Literary Objects in Eighteenth-Century British Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Literary Objects in Eighteenth-Century British Literature LITERARY OBJECTS IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE by HELEN MICHELLE LYONS-MCFARLAND Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2018 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Helen Michelle Lyons-McFarland candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy*. Committee Chair Christopher Flint Committee Member Athena Vrettos Committee Member William Siebenschuh Committee Member William Deal Date of Defense May 18, 2018 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Dedication To Matthew Without your love and support, I never could have done this. You are the beat of my heart and the foundation of my life. Thank you. Table of Contents List of Figures 2 Acknowledgments 3 Abstract 6 Introduction 8 Chapter One - The Walls Between Us: Literary Objects in 32 Defoe, Mackenzie, and Austen Chapter Two - Secret Passages: Objects and Social Mobility in 91 Defoe, Goldsmith, and Haywood Chapter Three - Print as Authority, Literacy as Agency: Lennox, 158 Gay, and Sterne Chapter Four - Illustrations and Authorial Control: Harrison and Cooke 208 Chapter Five - Conclusion 266 Notes 272 Works Cited 286 1 List of Figures 1. Robinson Crusoe’s list 53 2. Mrs. Bulkley as Kate Hardcastle 118 3. Title page of Henrietta, first edition (1758) 222 4. First page of The History of Pompey the Little, first edition (1751) 224 5. Frontispiece of The History of Pompey the Little, first edition (1751) 227 6. Illustration 1 for Henrietta (1787) 233 7. Illustration 2 for Henrietta (1787) 235 8. Illustration 3 for Henrietta (1787) 236 9. Illustration 4 for Henrietta (1787) 238 10. Illustration 1 for The History of Pompey the Little (1781) 241 11. Illustration 2 of The History of Pompey the Little (1781) 243 12. Illustration 1 for Henrietta (1798) 249 13. Illustration 2 for Henrietta (1798) 250 14. Illustration 3 for Henrietta (1798) 252 15. Illustration 4 for Henrietta (1798) 254 16. Illustration 5 for Henrietta (1798) 255 17. Illustration 1 for The History of Pompey the Little (1795) 257 18. Illustration 2 for The History of Pompey the Little (1795) 259 2 Acknowledgments This project could not have happened without the patience and wisdom of so many people who supported me on the road from returning student to Ph.D. First, I would like to thank my advisor, committee chair, and mentor, Christopher Flint. His thorough feedback, keen insight, and endless support extended from the first Research Methods class I took with him to the last revisions of this project. I cannot thank him enough for everything he’s done. I would also like to extend thanks to the other members of my dissertation committee: Athena Vrettos, William Siebenschuh, and my fourth reader William Deal. Your enthusiasm, engagement, and support encouraged me and kept me going. Special thanks go to Athena, who supported me in my love of Gothic literature and helped me improve my writing so much. Thank you all. Additionally, I am grateful to Kim Emmons, who supported me in my teaching as Director of the Writing Program and was always available for advice when I needed it. Kurt Koenigsberger likewise was there for me as my early advisor and as Director of Graduate Studies, and I appreciate his support and generosity with his time. Rob Spadoni took an interest and gave me my first D on a paper ever, spurring me forward to greater effort -- that experience was invaluable. Erika Olbricht was ever willing to talk me through my concerns and gave me so much good advice. Barbara Burgess-Van Aken mentored me through my early teaching assignments and encouraged me to look beyond tenure-track positions. To all of you, my deepest thanks, as well as to the rest of the CWRU English department. 3 To Latricia and Susan: you put up with my late paperwork and weird questions. Thank you for all you do for all the grad students in the department, but especially for your help to me. To John Webster at University of Washington, thank you for setting me on this path. I was an evening student attending UW part time, but I never forgot your words -- or your recommendation letter for grad school. To Megan, Melissa, Erin, Jess, Thom, Kristin, Misha, Kate, and Ray: you have been my cohort, my support group, my band of scholars, my day-drunk brunch friends. I will always cherish your friendship and look back on this time with you at CWRU with particular fondness. All my love and thanks to you all. I would also like to thank the British Library for access to its amazing holdings and permission to take photos of the relevant books, the KSL Special Collections department for its eighteenth-century collections, the University of Virginia Rare Book School for a crash course in descriptive bibliography that was invaluable in Chapter Four, and the American Society of Eighteenth Century Studies for helping me refine my research interests and showing me where my people were. Special thanks to Jonathan, who was the best combination cheering section and beta reader of a dissertation ever. Thanks also go to Kalyn for squiring me around Bristol and Bath, and who took on proofreading this monster of a project out of the goodness of her heart. Last but not least, my undying thanks to my family. My husband Matthew, to whom this project is dedicated, supported me and kept me fed, safe, warm, and mostly sane throughout graduate school, which is no small task. Sarah, friend of my heart who 4 has stuck with me through ups and downs, actually took time off to come to my defense and celebrate with me. My parents supported me through the darkest times and refrained from asking awkward questions like “aren’t you done yet?” My extended family, the McFarlands, McMillins, Lyonses, and Reddens, posted cute pictures and supportive notes and generally showed me they were proud of me. Finally, my sons, Alisdair and William. They made the biggest sacrifice of all on the doctoral altar -- their time with their mother. I hope this has helped them understand that despite challenges, they can reach for even the farthest stars and, with the help of those who love them, get there despite the odds. I am so proud of you both. All my love, boys, always. 5 Literary Objects in Eighteenth-Century British Literature Abstract by HELEN MICHELLE LYONS-MCFARLAND As consumer culture expanded in eighteenth-century Britain, British literature likewise took a turn toward “realism,” a more lifelike portrayal of characters and settings that regularly included object references or “literary objects.” This dissertation examines the usage of literary objects from the early 1700s to the early 1800s, tracing the ways authors adapted to the growing presence of object ownership in British culture and society through their inclusion of literary objects in their works. Through a combination of close reading and historical context, this thesis argues that authors used the presence of literary objects to convey multivalent information about both fictional and real-world society and culture, enabling authors to indirectly question overarching power structures in ways that would have been difficult to do directly. The first three chapters address how authors primarily used objects as indicators of boundaries (“walls”) and points of access (“doors”), with a third category of literary object that represented social and cultural authority. Building on these arguments, the last chapter investigates how booksellers used paratext involving literary objects, specifically through illustrations, to co-opt a degree of authorial status in reprinting formerly popular novels. The resulting body of evidence 6 suggests a larger pattern of authorial use of literary objects to reflect an increasingly complex relationship between people and goods, as shown across a selection of eighteenth-century British fiction. 7 Introduction One of the most striking differences between seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British cultures is the rising prominence of objects in daily life. As commerce took on growing importance within England and the merchant classes gained a greater portion of the nation’s wealth, relationships between people and objects changed. Items that were once restricted to the upper classes due to cost and rarity became more widely available due to improvements in manufacturing and transportation. As they did, the middle classes not only emulated the upper classes by purchasing significant but previously unavailable goods, but also created a sense of individualism through their objects. These people wished to be defined by their belongings rather than their origins — what they had achieved rather than what they had started with. In using objects as a social leveler, the British middle classes created an opportunity for expression that transformed materialism in fiction, embedding objects into their national consciousness and sense of personal and social identity. Mirroring the changes they saw in daily life and the rising importance of objects in personal interaction, authors incorporated the inanimate world in their fictional texts, reinforcing the very changes that motivated them. Whether simply adding objects to descriptions and character observations or writing in the “it-narrative” genre, where objects narrated their adventures in the world of people and commented on the vagaries of human nature along the way, eighteenth-century authors mapped out a fictional landscape where objects were nearly as important as people, communicating what the people would not or could not by themselves. The rise of objects and object ownership as 8 an important facet of British society and culture impacted what it meant to be a British citizen — in effect, to be recognized as a person.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War of Words: Daniel Defoe and the 1707 Union Anne M
    War of Words: Daniel Defoe and the 1707 Union Anne M. McKim Thus, on both Sides, the case stood between the nations, a Pen and Ink War made a daily Noise in either Kingdom, and this served to Exasperate the People in such a manner, one against another, that never have two Nations Run upon one another in such a manner, and come off without Blows.1 The Union of Scotland and England on 1 May 1707 was – and for some still is – undoubtedly contentious. Polemic and political pamphleteering flourished at the time, reflecting and fanning the debate, while the newssheets and jour- nals of the day provided lively opinion pieces and a good deal of propaganda. Recent commentators have recognised the importance of public discourse and public opinion regarding the Union on the way to the treaty. Leith Davis goes as far as to say that the ‘new British nation was constructed from the dialogue that took place regarding its potential existence’.2 While the treaty articles were still being debated by the last Scottish parlia- ment, Daniel Defoe, who had gone to Scotland specifically to promote the Union, began compiling his monumental History of the Union of Great Britain in Edinburgh.3 He expected to see it published before the end of 1707 although, for reasons that are still not entirely clear, it was not published until late 1709 or early 1710.4 As David Hayton notes, ‘a great deal of it must already have 1 Daniel Defoe, The History of the Union of Great Britain, D. W.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe @300 Grant Glass Over 300 Years
    Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe @300 Grant Glass Over 300 years ago, Daniel Defoe immortalized the story of Robinson Crusoe with the publication of The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe—creating long tradition of stories about being marooned in an inhospitable place understood as the Robinsonade genre. While the intimate details of Crusoe’s story might be unfamiliar, many of its adaptations like The Martian or Cast Away still persist. Those are just a few, if you look closely enough, there are religious, survivalist, social gospel, colonizationist and anti-colonial, martially masculine, feminist Robinsonades, in overlapping circles emanating out from this central text. The best estimates place these variants in the hundreds. Yet the original novel provides the reader with a gauntlet of historical baggage ranging from colonialism and slavery to climate change and industrialization—forcing us to confront not only our past, but how we represent it in the present. What, then, is Crusoe’s legacy at 300, and what do its retellings tell us about how we think of our past and our future? When you start to notice the Robinsonade, it appears everywhere, and you start to realize you cannot put the horse back in the stable when it comes to Crusoe. Long before the days of Ta-Nehisi Coates and Lena Dunham, Crusoe became an international phenomenon on the star power of its writer, Daniel Defoe, who much like a prolific Tweeter, “seemed to have strong opinions about everything, and wrote about almost everything in his world and his time,”1 with topics ranging from economics, politics and history to space travel.2 While Defoe wrote over 500 books, pamphlets, addresses and letters in his lifetime, Crusoe became his most well-known and well-read work.3 Crusoe was a major hit right from its first printing, it was so well received that Defoe quickly produced a sequel within only a few months after publication of the first.
    [Show full text]
  • Robinson Crusoe
    READING GROUP GUIDE ROBINSON CRUSOE BY DANIEL DEFOE Restless Classics presents the Three-Hundredth Anniversary Edition of Robinson Crusoe, the classic Caribbean adventure story and foundatio- nal English novel, with new illustrations by Eko and an introduction by Jamaica Kincaid that recontextualizes the book for our globalized, post- colonial era. Three centuries after Daniel Defoe published Robinson Crusoe, this gripping tale of a castaway who spends thirty years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being ultimately rescued, remains a classic of the adventure genre and is widely considered the first great English novel. But the book also has much to teach us, in retrospect, about entrenched attitudes of coloni- zers toward the colonized that still resound today. As celebrated Caribbean writer Jamaica Kincaid writes in her bold new introduction, “The vivid, vibrant, subtle, important role of the tale of Robinson Crusoe, with his triumph of individual resilience and ingenuity wrapped up in his European, which is to say white, identity, has played in the long, unin- BUY FROM RESTLESS terrupted literature of European conquest of the rest of the world must not be dismissed or Paperback List Price: $19.99 ignored or silenced.” ISBN: 9781632061195 Publication: 8/27/19 Daniel Defoe (c. 1660 - 1731) was an English writer, journalist, and spy, who gained 5.5” x 8.25” • 384 pages enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest Fiction: Classics/ World Litera- ture / Caribbean/ Adventure/ practitioners of the novel and helped popularize the genre in Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]
  • Chen2019.Pdf (1.576Mb)
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Daniel Defoe’s Moral and Political Thought in Its Religious Context Chienyuen Chen PhD Thesis The University of Edinburgh 2019 2 Abstract This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the religious ideas of the famous English journalist and novelist Daniel Defoe. Today, Defoe is best remembered as a novelist, but most of his works are non-fictional works including a sizable number of didactic or supernatural writings. Even though there is a rising scholarly interest in Defoe’s thoughts on subjects such as politics or Puritanism, there is hardly a single monograph devoted to Defoe’s religious ideas. This thesis aims to fill the gap by examining Defoe’s works throughout his career. It demonstrates that Defoe’s Presbyterian upbringing was influential in his emphasis on the ideas of good work, practical godliness, and the development of good habits.
    [Show full text]
  • Robinson Crusoe DANIEL DEFOE
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-14083-6 - Selections: From Classic and Modern English Literature Clare West Excerpt More information 1 DANIEL DEFOE Daniel Defoe was born in London, the son of a butcher. As a salesman of tights and stockings, he travelled widely in Europe. Travel was one of his great 1660 – 1731 interests throughout his life. He was also actively interested in politics. He wrote articles and poems attacking people’s prejudices, and so angered Queen Anne that he was sent to prison from 1702-4. He was rescued from prison by a Conservative politician, who employed him as a secret agent, sending him round the country to gather information about people’s political opinions. He was again sent to prison when he wrote articles criticizing King George I, but when he was set free he continued his writing. During his life Defoe wrote over five hundred articles and books, but he is best known for the works he produced in his later years, and especially for Robinson Crusoe, one of the most familiar stories in English literature. This is considered by many to be the first English novel, and is based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor. When it was published it was an immediate success. It was translated into many languages, and influenced many later writers and thinkers. Defoe’s influence on the development of the English novel was enormous. He wrote plainly and clearly, with realistic descriptions of people, places and action. His writing shows a reporter’s love of detail as well as a writer’s powerful imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe Title
    The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe Title: The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Author: Daniel Defoe CHAPTER I—START IN LIFE I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named Robinson, a very good family in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but, by the usual corruption of words in England, we are now called—nay we call ourselves and write our name—Crusoe; and so my companions always called me. I had two elder brothers, one of whom was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders, formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart, and was killed at the battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards. What became of my second brother I never knew, any more than my father or mother knew what became of me. Being the third son of the family and not bred to any trade, my head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts. My father, who was very ancient, had given me a competent share of learning, as far as house-education and a country free school generally go, and designed me for the law; but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea; and my inclination to this led me so strongly against the will, nay, the commands of my father, and against all the entreaties and persuasions of my mother and other friends, that there seemed to be something fatal in that propensity of nature, tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.
    [Show full text]
  • English Society 1660±1832
    ENGLISH SOCIETY 1660±1832 Religion, ideology and politics during the ancien regime J. C. D. CLARK published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011±4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de AlarcoÂn 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain # Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published as English Society 1688±1832,1985. Second edition, published as English Society 1660±1832 ®rst published 2000. Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Baskerville 11/12.5 pt. System 3b2[ce] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Clark, J. C. D. English society, 1660±1832 : religion, ideology, and politics during the ancien regime/J.C.D.Clark. p. cm. Rev. edn of: English society, 1688±1832. 1985. Includes index. isbn 0 521 66180 3 (hbk) ± isbn 0 521 66627 9 (pbk) 1. Great Britain ± Politics and government ± 1660±1714. 2. Great Britain ± Politics and government ± 18th century. 3. Great Britain ± Politics and government ± 1800±1837. 4. Great Britain ± Social conditions. i.Title. ii.Clark,J.C.D.Englishsociety,1688±1832.
    [Show full text]
  • Isaac Newton, Daniel Defoe and the Dynamics of Financial Bubbles SCIENCE SOURCE SCIENCE Traveler1116
    Isaac Newton, Daniel Defoe and the Dynamics of Financial Bubbles SCIENCE SOURCE SCIENCE traveler1116 By Andrew Odlyzko historical context. The public was less edu- groups having wildly divergent percep- cated than today, and there was far less of tions of what reported events mean. This A famous anecdote tells of Sir Isaac both finance theory and of general infor- is often blamed on the overabundance of Newton realizing large gains in the early mation about business and the economy. information. However, similar phenom- stages of the South Sea Bubble, but then On the eve of the South Sea Bubble, ena can be found three centuries ago, in losing all that and more by buying back in Britain was beginning to enjoy the fruits an era of information scarcity. This can be at the top. On the other hand, the fact that of the peace that came after the long and observed in politics, as well as in reactions the author of Robinson Crusoe was also debilitating War of the Spanish Succes- to the South Sea Bubble. associated with that episode of extreme sion. It was widely ranked with Holland as Like today, information systems were investor exuberance is little known. And a world leader in technological and com- being revolutionized. The press was that is a pity, since Daniel Defoe’s words, mercial development. International trade undergoing rapid development, following as well as Newton’s actions, are very illu- was booming, but not without contro- the removal of some of the shackles of gov- minating about an important aspect of versy.
    [Show full text]
  • Raeburn : English School
    NOVEMBER, 1905 RAEBURN PRICE, 15 CENTS anxa 84-B 5530 Jjpueiniipntljlu. RAEBURN J3atK^anO*<iuU&C[ompany, Xtybligfjerg 42<H)auncji^treEt MASTERS IN ART A SERIES OF ILLUSTRATED MONOGRAPHS: ISSUED MONTHLY PART 71 NOVEMBER, 1905 VOLUME 6 a 1 1 u t* 1X CONTENTS Plate I. Portrait of Mrs. Strachan Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Mass. Plate II. Portrait of Lord Newton National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh Plate III. Mrs. Ferguson and Children Owned by R. C. Munroe-Ferguson, Esq. Plate IV. Portrait of Sir Walter Scott Collection of the Earl of Home Plate V. Portrait of Sir John Sinclair Owned by Sir Tollemache Sinclair Plate VI. Portrait of Mrs. Campbell of Balliemore National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh Plate VII. Portrait of John Wauchope National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh Plate VIII. Portrait of Mrs. Scott-Moncrieff National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh Plate IX. Portrait of James Wardrop of Torbanehill Owned by Mrs. Shirley Plate X. The Macnab Owned by Hon. Mrs. Baillie Hamilton Portrait of Raeburn by Himself : Owned by Lord Tweedmouth Page 22 The Life of Raeburn Page 23 ’ Abridged from Edward Pinnington's ‘ Sir Henry Raeburn The Art of Raeburn Page 30 Criticisms by Armstrong, Pinnington, Brown, Van Dyke, Cole, Muther, Stevenson The Works of Raeburn : Descriptions of the Plates and a List of Paintings Page 36 Raeburn Bibliography Page 42 Photo-angravings by C. J. Ptttrs Son: Boston. Prass-work by tht Evantt Prass : Boston complata pravious ba ba consultad library A indax for numbars will found in tba Rtadar's Guida to Pariodical Litaratura , which may in any PUBLISHERS’ ANNOUNCEMENTS SUBSCRIPTIONS: Yearly subscription, commencing with any number of the 1905 volume, $1.50, payable in advance, postpaid to any address in the United States or Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Rossyln Scenic Lore
    ROSSLYN'S SCENIC LORE THE NORTH ESK RIVER OF ROMANCE "It is telling a tale that has been repeated a thousand times, to say, that a morning of leisure can scarcely be anywhere more delight- fully spent than hi the woods of Rosslyn, and on the banks of the Esk. Rosslyn and its adjacent scenery have associations, dear to the antiquary and historian, which may fairly entitle it to precedence over every other Scottish scene of the same kind." SIR WALTER SCOTT (" Provincial Antiquities of Scotland.") OF ROMANCE abound in Scotland, and RIVERSthe North Esk is one of them. From its source high up among the Pentland Heights near the Boarstane and the boundary line between Midlothian and Tweeddale, it is early gathered into a reservoir, whose engineer was Thomas Stevenson, father of Robert Louis Stevenson, constructed in 1850 to supply water and power used in the paper mills on the river's banks. Passing through Carlops, once a village of weavers, it flows on through the wooded gorge of Habbie's Howe and the woods surrounding Penicuik House, on to " Rosslyn's rocky glen," and Hawthornden, Melville Castle and Dalkeith Palace, entering the Firth of Forth at Musselburgh. Alas that the clear sparkling waters of the moorland stream should be so spoiled by the industries of the Wordsworth's valley." Dorothy Diary entry is still true the water of the stream is dingy and muddy." Modern legislation on river pollution is sadly lacking. 75 " I never passed through a more delicious dell than the Glen of wrote and of the Rosslyn," " Dorothy; river it has been written No stream in Scotland can boast such a varied succession of the most interesting objects, as well as the most romantic and beautiful scenery." It is associated with some of the most famous men in Scottish literature who have lived on its banks, and has inspired the muse of some of Scotland's best poets.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to British History I
    HIST 2403 Introduction to British History I: POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF BRITAIN AND IRELAND, FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST (1066) TO THE RESTORATION (1660) Fall 2009, Room 2082,Tuesday & Thursday, 4:00--5:40 p.m. Instructor: Prof. Ian Gentles Office: Room 1111 Phone: 416-226-6620 ext. 6718 E-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Tues. 2:30-3:45, Thurs. 2:30- 3:45, OR by appointment Commuter Hotline: 416-226-6620 ext. 2187 Class cancellations due to inclement weather or illness will be announced/posted on the commuter hotline. Mailboxes: Every student is responsible for information communicated through the student mailboxes. A mailbox directory is posted beside the mailboxes. I. COURSE DESCRIPTION An outline of British history from the Norman conquest to the mid-seventeenth century revolution, this course pays particular attention to the history of monarchy, parliament and the church. Specific topics include the conflict between crown and aristocracy, the rise of parliament, the Reformation and the factors that led to the turbulence of the seventeenth century. II. REQUIRED TEXTS 1. Lehmberg, Stanford E. and Samantha Meigs. The Peoples of the British Isles from Prehistoric Times to 1688 . Chicago: Lyceum, 2009 2. Course Pack: Documents, readings and maps for use in tutorial discussion. (available in the bookstore) III. COURSE EVALUATION Examination : Test - Thursday, 22nd October (in class) 10% Essay - 2,000-2500 words, Thursday, 26 November 30% Examination (during December exam period) 40% Class participation 20% (total) 100% Term work : a. You are expected to attend the tutorials, preparing for them through the lectures and through assigned reading.
    [Show full text]