The American Legion Magazine [Volume 82, No. 6 (June 1967)]

Home , American Legion, Storm cellar

Oc'JUNE 19 6

LEGIONM A G A Z i N E

WHY DO WE NEED THE CIA?

The story of our '*spy agency's'

many-sided mission

UiJR "UNKNOWN" LUNG DISEASE

; : OF PRIVATE CITIZEN;^

A LOOK AT BOSTON, ^LASSAC'H Li SETTS How to make a torn of a collins

Start with your favorite gin. Finish with y-Up"^ for that Wet & Wild something that turns a Collins into a real Tom. Mix one that comes when you call.

LEGION JUNE 1967 Volume 82, Number 6

Magazine POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapoli.s, End. 46206

Contents for June 1967 The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fiftii Avenue New Yorlt, New Yorit 10019 Publisher, .lames K. O'Neil WHY DO WE NEED THE CIA? 6 Edilor BY ELBERT S. JERROLD Robert B. Pilkiii An Editor A review of the legal authority, the responsihility and the five Al Marshall missions to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, with Assistant Editor emphasis on its role in political warfare and the John Andreola decisions and dilemmas related to its Associate Editors secret operations. Roy Miller James S. Swartz Assistimt Art Editor OUR "UNKNOWN" LUNG DISEASE 12 Walter II. Boll BY RAYMOND SCHUESSLER Production Manager An Breizficld The story to date of histoplasmosis. Three known cases were reported Copy Editor in 1906. Now it is estimated to have infected a fifth of our Grail S. Manford population. Often it is mistaken for influenza, Circulation Manager pneumonia, tuberculosis, and sometimes for Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Iiid. leukemia or typhoid fever. Advertising Director Robert P. Redden 15 Chicago Sales Office TOMBSTONE, ARIZONA—RELIC OF GUNFIGHT DAYS Raymond W. Web b, Jr. BY ALDEN STEVENS 3.1 East Waeker Urive Chicago, 111. 60601 A travel article for today's motorists on Tombstone, the town that 312 CEnlral 6-2101 stood for lawlessness in the Old West. Thirty-fourth in "Seeing America." the series Historic CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Cireiilalioii De|il., 1'. O. Box 1954, PRIVATE 16 Indianapolis, Ind.. 46206 nsing Post Offiee THE POLICE POWERS OF CITIZENS Form 3.S78. Attach old address label and BY DOROTHY BRANT WARNICK give old and neu addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. A look at the right of citizens to make arrest, and of the duties of Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. citizens to assist police on demand—with a catalog of the liabilities and technicalities that go with them. The American Legion Pul)lications Commission:

James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. ( Chairman ) ; SHOULD THE U.S. SHARE TAX RECEIPTS Howard E. L.ohman, Moorhead, Minn. (Vice WITH THE STATES? 22 Chairman); Bob Whitteinore, If^atertown, S.D. (National Commander's Representative) ;

TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Lang Armstrong, Spokane. II ash.; Charles E. pro: rep. MELVIN R. LAIRD (R-WIS.) Booth, Huntington. If. la.; Adolpll I. Bremer, Winona, Minn.; Jolin Cicero, Sivoyer- con: sen. frank E. MOSS (D-UTAH) ville. Pa.; Clovis Cijpeland, Little Hock. Ark.; Panl B. Dagiie, Doicningtoien, Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Ilernande/,, A LOOK AT BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 24 Savannah, Ga.; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; BY R. B. PITKIN Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, A'.l'.; Morris Meyer, Stark- An advance visit to Boston, old and new, in anticipation of the 49th ville. Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Robert Milcbler, Oswego, III. Harry H. American Legion National Convention to be held ; Schaffer, Pittsburgh. Pa.; Bradley Stephens, there this August. J. Los Altos, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville. Ala.; E. Meade Fla.; CLOSER TO SANITY NOW? 31 Wilson, Mulberry , Edward McSweeney,

New York, N .Y . (Consultant) BY WATIOWAL COMMANDER JOHN E. DAVIS April's beatnik-style demonstrations in New York and San Francisco The American Legion Magazine is published bored the whole nation—and perhaps that is all to the good. monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, Copyright 1967 by The .American Legion. Second-class Departments postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription. S2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 46 culation Department of The .American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. PERSONAL 48 DATELINE WASHINGTON 30 Editorial and advertising offices : 720 5th .Ave., BOOKS 50 New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by VETERANS NEWSLETTER 32 Ihe Amcric:in Legion, willi National Head- REGION SHOPPER 54 quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. John E. Davis, National Commander. NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 PARTING SHOTS 56

Advertising Sales Representative Notthuest Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Harlowe Company stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. 2012 N. E. Ravenna Boulevard Seattle, Washington 98105

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 1 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters published do not necessarily ex- job of law enforcement would be made press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must so much more pleasant and more effec- be furnished. Expressions of opinion and tive. requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Richard L. Latham, Agent answered, due to lack of magazine staff for State of Missouri Department of these purposes. Requests for personal services which may be legitimately asked of Liquor Control The American Legion should be made to Savannah, Mo. your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send letters to the editor to: Letters, The sir: It is indeed demoralizing to see American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- nue. New York. N.Y. 10019. lack of respect to dedicated men, to hear untrue charges of police binitality, to see OUR DOWNGRADED POLICE and hear of physical attacks on police sir: The article "Our Downgraded officers and, at the same time, have Police: A National Peril" (April), by court decisions [that] free convicted

Talmage Powell, is timely and accurate. criminals. . . . Every law-abiding citizen A government that does not protect its should be concerned with this hamper- citizens from crime and violence is fail- ing and degrading of law and order and ing in its primary duty. Chaos, fear and should support and remove the hand- disillusionment in this country are goals cuffs from the policeman. You have of the Communists, and rendering im- taken a stand that is badly needed to potent our local police is part of this wake society to this peril. plan. Our courts must accept much of Capt. Donald J. Paulie the blame for the present condition of Department of Police the police force which is described in Ap2^leton, Wis. the article. Judge G. F. Goodwyn, Jr. sir: My husband is Assistant Chief of Circuit Court Police on the Metropolitan Police Force Bessemer, Ala. in Washington, D.C. Because of his position (after 27 years) he doesn't have to sir: I have just read the splendid article go through what our younger policemen by Talmage Powell, and, in behedf of the do now. The situation isn't getting any Grand Jury Association of Essex Coun- better and no one can tell how it will ty, I want to say "Well done." end. I am thankful my son didn't follow Hugo M. Pfaltz, Program Chairman in his dad's footsteps. It is a thankless Essex County Grand Jury Association job. I only wish more people could read Short Hills. N.J. the article. Thanks for your faith in "our policemen." sir: Mr. Powell's article is true in every Mrs. Charles L. Wright respect. I have just one addition to Hyattsville, Md. make: An Ohio judge recently ruled

that a police officer need not be advised sir: Congratulations to Talmage Powell of his civil rights when being arrested, on his excellent ai-ticle. I would like to as he is already familiar with them. say that never have I read a finer This then suggests that attorneys, etc., evaluation and a better written article are not familiar with them, as they about a most serious problem taking mvst be advised of same. place in our country today. Sgt. John H. Bauer Daniel A. Martin Fort Wayne Police Department Cleveland, Ohio Fort Wayne, Ind.

$525 $495 sir: I knew the general situation re- sir: Congratulations to you and author FIFTH FIFTH garding adequate police was bad, but I Talmage Powell for the article. ... It is had no idea it was so bad. To think that one of the finest on the subject that I our great country is putting up with such have ever had the opportunity of read- conditions. More of such articles on the ing. subject might help solve the problem. Alan N. Donnell, Chairman Dan W. Flickinger Public Relations Committee Zionsville, Ind. Montgomery County Police Association Silver Spring, Md. sir: I would like to give three cheers for the excellent article on our downgraded sir: I would like to focus attention on police. Truer words were never spoken. three down-to-earth, hard-hitting, fac- I hope it will bring an awareness of, as tual points from the article about our well as a solution to, the problem. downgraded police: Respect for police is Louis M. Fleisch on the wane; police are being demoi"al- Topeka, Kan. ized by contemptuous attitudes toward them in some politically-minded courts; FAIR and police are being demoralized by MOTOR ROUTES TO CANADA'S their increasing liability of physical as- sir: Among the many border crossings sault on themselves. If everyone who from the States en route to Montreal for * Local taxes and prices may vary by state, reads the article would take active the Canadian World's Fair ("The Cana- DftNI BISTtlUgy © «).. tOBlSVtUt, KY. measures to correct these problems, our (Continued on page 4)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 be busy, one activity after another. Fares and discount rates before After the In San Juan, Acapulco, Miami, you go to Boston. Also ask us Boston and in Boston there's always a lot about our Charge-A-Trip'^' plan. to see and do. It's that way in all You can charge air fare, hotels, convention do the cities Eastern serves: 1 1 0 in the meals, almost everything ... pay as U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, Mex- little as $ 10 per month and take as something ico, The Bahamas and Bermuda. long as 24 months to pay. unconventional! But once the convention activity is It's easy to enjoy an unconven- over, we suggest you do something tional vacation on your way to the unconventional. Take some extra American Legion convention or

time and enjoy a sun drenched on your way back when you fly beach, the shade of a palm tree or with Eastern. a rolling golf course.

No matter what city your conven-

Take an Eastern vacation. Fly tion is in, you're close to another Eastern to the American Legion great Eastern vacation spot. For convention in Boston on August example, Miami is a few hours 25. You'll enjoy our gracious ser- from Boston. Include your family vice and the convenience of flying too. Check with us or your Travel

*Charge-A-Trip is a service mark oj with us. At the convention you'll Agent about our special Family Eastern Air Lines, Inc.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 3 ) !

CONTINUED HAFA ADAI LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ( Welcome ! DID YOU SEE dian World's Fair and You," April) ents and vote to placate the same Com- which you didn't list, I believe that the munists who are supplying 80% of the Pigeon River Crossing, northeast of war material being used to kill and Duluth, Minnesota, is worthy of special maim Americans in Vietnam. mention. This takes you along the north The shabby treatment accorded to IN '44? shore of Lake Superior to Fort William representatives of the Legion by some and Port Arthur en route to Montreal members of the Foreign Relations Com- from the west and northwest. In Minne- mittee and the news media in general, sota, we have 14 miles of new highway in this case, is typical of the tar-brush approaching the border giving breath- treatment given to any organization taking views of Pigeon Point and Isle which actively opposes Communism and Royale—while the shore route in both appeasement of it. countries is picturesque and usually Raymond Bareiss cool and bracing. P/iiladelp/iia, Pa. Donald C. Nelson Grand Marais, Minn. sir: I have read both pros and cons on the Consular Treaty with the Soviet sir: One of the main crossing points Union and I am very apprehensive

to Canada is the Ogdensburg-Prescott about it. . . . There is too much bridge- Seaway-Skyway Bridge, which is the building, too much wanting to negotiate largest and most costly of the bridges with the Communists. History verifies YOU OUGHT TO across the St. Lawrence River. Ogdens- the fact that we will never gain in SEE IT NOW! burg, N.Y., is the only city of the U.S.A. negotiations with them . . . and they on the St. Lawrence River, approxi- have never yet abided by the terms of

mately 125 miles from Montreal ( it is also any treaty which did not suit their pur- on the main route from Ottawa, capital pose. We could have built bridges to the of Canada, to the United States). Og- people of captive nations. Instead, we densburg is known world-wide as one of built up their captors. the best muskellunge fishing spots in the Since the Consular Treaty was passed, world, not only for the most numerous, and in the name of further relaxing but the largest. It is headquarters of the East-West tensions and building another St. Lawrence Customs District which bridge span, support has been growing stretches from Cape Vincent to Rouses for a proposal for a $50-million loan by Point. It is also the home of the famed the Import-Export Bank to an Italian Remington Art Museum. automobile company to help in its con- Ralph P. Harper struction of a large, new plant in the Ogdensburg, N.Y. Soviet Union. Where is our national interest being sir: To add to your excellent coverage served in either of these acts? Christie Welch And remember — on the Montreal Fair, I would like to say that the City of Plattsburgh is the Maryville , Mo. travelers visiting Guam are closest American city to Expo 67. The allowed S. $200 U. customs, New York State Northway and a Cana- AIR FORCE ACADEMY SEEKS BOOKS exemption on purchases of dian four-lane highway are complete sir: The U.S. Air Force Academy Li- foreign merchandise, plus up from our city to Montreal, making it brary is especially interested in obtain- to 1 gallon of tax-exempted possible to drive from Plattsburgh to ing gift copies of unit histories—Civil the fair in approximately an hour. War, World War 1, World War 2, Korea liquor for each adult over 21. While I would like to emphasize the fact and Vietnam. We are also interested in Fun attractions, too! that advanced reservations are recom- obtaining military history books and mended, there stUl are accommodations military biographies for all periods and Scenic drives — native vil- available for the summer. countries. Early aviation materials are lages — mysterious latte John F. Kelly, President particularly desired, including manuals stones — cockfights — inex- Plattsburgh Area Chamber of Commerce on the employment of airpower, strat- pensive golf. Include Guam, Plattsburgh, N.Y. egy, tactics (1910-1945); Congressional U.S.A., on your Far East dociiments and hearings on aeronautics THE CONSULAR TREATY photographs trip! before 1950; and identified sir: I received a letter from Senator of aircraft and pioneer aviators. SEND COUPON FOR COLORFUL Karl Mundt, of the Senate Foreign Re- Donors should not send any materials FREE FOLDERS AND INFORMATION lations Committee, which verifies com- until shipping instructions are received, pletely the position adopted by the but should send lists of titles and ma- Legion relating to the Consular Treaty. terials for evaluation and detei-mination TOURIST The news media virtually ignored the of need to: The Director, USAF Acad- m COMMISSION most vital point of the Treaty—the emy Library, USAF Academy, Colorado of 80840. Rex Wills II, Executive Secretary granting of immunity to members Agana, Guam, U.S.A. Communist Russia's consulates. No Transportation costs will be borne by other nation is so favored. the Academy Library. Academy book- Name Many Senators reported their mail plates designating donors will be in- Address was running as high as 200-to-l against serted in all materials added to the Lib- ratification of the Treaty. It is a dark rary collection. day in American history when these George V. Fagan, Colonel, USAF men ignore the views of their constitu- USAF Academy, Colo.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967

WHY DO WE NEED THE CIA? The story of our "spy agency's" many-sided mission.

rector of the Office of Emergency which we were surprised at Pearl Har- By ELBERT S. JERROLD Planning. bor. EARLIER THIS YEAR, you may recall, If the President's Council doesn't need Very shortly the special commission, there was a big hullabaloo in the the CIA we can safely expose it, tell its headed by Ferdinand Eberstadt. of New

press when it was revealed that full story and do away with it. Somebody York, made its report. It had consulted the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency might be embarrassed, but the nation with such experts as the late William J. (CIA) had secretly been footing the bill wouldn't be endangered. Donovan, who headed the OSS in WW2; so that American students could travel If the top national security board in Allen Dulles, who later directed the CIA, overseas to Communist "youth festivals" the nation does need the CIA, then we and others. Out of the Eberstadt report,

and thus provide American representa- tell inside tales about it and cry for its and out of the advice of leaders in Con- tion at such gatherings. "exposure" at our own risk. gress and the Truman Administration, That news caused an uproar. Some How do we judge the need? both the CIA and the National Security people claimed that the students had Today the CIA has two jobs, entirely Council were created by the National been "corrupted"—as if they had been Security Act of 1947.

turned into "spies" without knowing it. The CIA's duties were spelled out in There was insistence that the CIA be five points of law. In every one of them

investigated, censured, limited, "exit was to serve the President and his posed." Council and to account to them.

Because the students weren't spying Its first three duties required it to pro- at all, and were just being themselves vide intelligence reports to the President without even knowing who paid for their and the Council, to advise the Council trip, others called the whole hubbub a on intelligence matters, and to coordi- silly tempest in a teapot. Expose the nate the intelligence work of other arms CIA's operations for that? "You can't of the Government. run a spy agency in Macy's window," Most of this is massive, sometimes noted the New York Daily News. tedious, routine classified work. A lot The News came close to the central of it is tying together information 80% question that the student uproar, or any of which, it has been estimated, is al- other controversy over the CIA, must ready lying around loose but uncoordi- The seal of the CIA. come to grips with. There is no question nated, while about 20% is run down by of investigating the CIA publicly without separate, of which intelligence is but one. "special agent" work.

destroying it. Secrecy is its essence. A Few people understand that it has two This, the great mass of the CIA's

decision to destroy it must come before distinct jobs, that its story begins with work, is more labor than adventure, but a decision to expose its work publicly. intelligence but doesn't end there. Let's a kind of labor that might have pre-

To destroy the CIA, on the other trace its story. vented the Pearl Harbor surprise. Every hand, involves questions that are more We had no central intelligence agency day the President gets an intelligence far-reaching than simply doing away before WW2. The revelations about our summary, while extremely detailed re- with a government agency headquartered lack of coordinated intelligence that ports are put together on the military in Virginia. came out of the Pearl Harbor investiga- posture of other nations. The CIA is not an independent cloak- tions after WW2 shocked the whole na- The fourth of the five CIA functions and-dagger outfit playing James Bond on tion. President Truman made such haste spelled out in the 1947 act empowered

its own hook. It is a secret tool granted to fill the gap that he appointed a tempo- the National Security Council to call on by Congress to the President of the rary Central Intelligence Group in 1946. the CIA for such "additional services" United States and his fellow members of At the time he was still waiting for a as the President and his Council should the National Security Council. They are special commission to recommend a determine. By all accounts, these are the Vice President, the Secretary of De- more permanent intelligence setup to also intelligence services. The CIA pub- fense, the Secretary of State and the Di- remedy the shameful conditions under licly describes some of them as such cut-

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUN E 1967 The United States Intelligence Agency's headquarters in Virginia, near Washington, D.C.

and-dried work as monitoring foreign in 1960, it was the President who spoke, satisfied with the intelligence operation broadcasts and providing data-process- not the CIA. Before he was sure that we had before Pearl Harbor. Except for ing facilities for other parts of the U.S. the cat was out of the bag, former Presi- the U2 incident, the intelligence work intelligence community—probably the dent Eisenhower denied Russian reports of the CIA has been little in the public Army, Navy, Air Force and State De- of the event—as the boss of any good eye. partment. spy operation would. When it was un- But the second job that the CIA The law didn't say that the CIA should deniable that Powers had come down, handles today is not intelligence. It is

spy. Spying is an "additional service" Mr. Eisenhower admitted it and took full secret (and sometimes not-so-secret) po- under the heading of intelligence, and responsibility. litical warfare in the Cold War with the such spying as the CIA does is deter- In all of this the CIA lives up to its Communist world. mined by the President and his cabinet- name: Central Intelligence Agency. If the political warfare waged by the

rank security advisers. If the 1947 law and history had CIA is to be exposed and destroyed, the We saw this high-level responsibility stopped there, the CIA would probably basic questions we must face up to are for CIA spying in one of the few CIA have gone its secret way fairly quietly. two:

espionage operations that has gotten This much is four-fifths of the CIA's (1) Is it, or is it not, important that loose. When Francis Powers' U2 aerial legal charge—and to say that it should the United States should respond to the photographic plane came down in Russia be exposed is to say that we should be (Turn to next page)

THE A ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 7 WIDE WORLD CONTINUE Why do we need the CIA?

Coiiuminists' political warfare with po- The students went to Communist world- litical warfare of its own? youth festivals without instructions from If the answer is no, we can do away or contact with the CIA, and without with the CIA's political warfare without knowing that, through their own student facing the second question. organization, the CIA had put up the (2) In wa^in'fi political warfare^ money that made it possible. should the President his top advisers and By all accounts, simply acting on their have a secret, non-military arm (the own as normal, bright, young Americans, they rely oper- CIA ), or should on open their conversations with youths from ations of regular agencies of the govern- other lands who were being propagan- ment? dized by the Communists threw a mon- Let's look at some examples of politi- key wrench into the Soviet's political cal warfare. warfare—which is what the "youth fes- The has credibly been given a CIA tivals" were. role in the unhappy Bay of Pigs affair in Similarly, the CIA has almost certainly Cuba in 1961; in the successful over- made it possible for Americans, and for throw of the red regime of Arbenz in natives who share our persuasions, to be Ferdinand Eberstadt. His special commission's Guatemala in 1954; in the downfall of present at African Solidarity meetings report on our intelligence weakness, exposed the pro-Communist Mossadegh govern- at Pearl Harbor, led founding of CIA in 1947. and at Latin American labor gatherings to ment in Iran in 1953. In the early Eisenhower years, it was DIRECTORS OF THE CIA SINCE 1947 felt that we would support liberation movements in the captive nations of Europe. The CIA was ahead of the field in laying the groundwork for the go- ahead, but nothing came of it when national policy finally backed ofi" from such involvement. In a Laos peace venture, we agreed with the Communists jointly to withdraw military forces. As soon as our guns were gone, the Communists returned with theirs and went after the hill villages that we had protected militarily under the late President Kennedy. The Lao- tian mountaineers were ready to fight Admiral Roscoe Hillenketter Walter B. Smith Allen Dulles for their homes, without our soldiers, if only they could have food and arms.

They are still fighting and the CIA is where the Communists tried to manage tions" but those associated with political credibly reported to be seeing to many the show, and it has provided natives of warfare that could have been intended. of their needs. other lands with information needed in When it is not engaged in intelligence,

This much is real "black operations." order to be effective in combating the what other functions are there for a non-

Depending on the situation, it can in- propaganda of highly trained Commu- military, secret organization to be as- volve (in addition to espionage) the sort nist agitators. signed on the Presidential level in the of underground operations that the OSS The CIA got into these non-intelli- area of national security? carried out in WW2—guerrilla and par- gence operations partly by default, partly Mr. Truman most certainly knew that tisan work in enemy territory, sabotage, by design, and more largely through re- "other functions" must mean political commandoes, subversion, disguised radio sponses on the Presidential level—from warfare, but he may not have visualized broadcasts and the like. For this work Truman through Eisenhower, Kennedy it as going beyond camouflaged Ameri- the CIA sends professionals, and their and Johnson—to changing world history can propaganda abroad. That is to say activities are even walled ofi" from the since 1947. that neither he nor anyone else foresaw rest of the CIA. The 1947 law said nothing about po- what history then had in store. Com-

But political warfare isn't all so darkly litical warfare. The only duties it spelled ments on the CIA's "other functions" romantic. Beaming open radio broad- out in plain language for the CIA were can be dismissed as superficial if they casts to captive people that simply offset intelligence duties. President Truman, ignore global history since 1947.

Communist propaganda and lies is po- under whom the law was written, has Tough old Joseph Stalin ruled Russia. litical warfare. Call it our propaganda. since said that he left office without an Having seized most of Eastern Europe,

Simply seeing to it that ordinary Ameri- inkling of what the CIA would get into. he faced us with a solid confrontation of cans, or other people who share our view But political warfare was most certainly arms and frozen hostility. The Cold War of things, are on the scene when the in the picture for the CIA in 1947, for had not yet been recognized for what it Communists sound off is political war- the National Security Act's fifth and last was. It was a year earlier that Winston fare. This is sometimes just a matter of duty assignment for the CIA was to carry Churchill made his Iron Curtain speech quietly putting up the money so that out unexplained "other functions" which in Missouri, but what he said about the people who would like to be there, but the President's National Security Coun- postwar posture of the Soviet Union haven't the means, can go and see and cil might give it. didn't really sink in until the Commu- speak as they please. On the face of it, it strains the imagi- nists gave us hot war in Korea in 1950. That's what the student operation was. nation to come up with any "other func- Until then, the Truman Administra-

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUN E 1967 —

Khrushchev's assaults were mounted and Congress on a "let them bury us" ticket, the breadth of the territories they were the decision to respond in some way to directed against were unprecedented. the Communist challenge was automatic. The targets to be brought under Commu- That left us two broad choices of nist control by sub rosa operations em- action.

braced most of the nations of the world ( 1 ) We could wage hot war against that were tasting freedom for the first the Communist power centers. time, as well as many of the older unde- (2) We could employ every means veloped countries in Central and South of political and economic warfare open America, Africa, Asia and the island to us. and only resort to open military masses of the Pacific and Caribbean. intervention //; extremis, as in Vietnam. By Moscow and Peking's own telling, The natural choice was the more political warfare was the first stage in a peaceful one. A military main thrust worldwide blueprint of "liberation" war- seemed hardly to be in the national in- fare. Soften and confuse the defenses, terest. The middle ground of political then guerrilla armies would spring into and economic warfare, backed up by a action, to be followed by complete take- visible, strong military stance, was the overs. In moments of undue enthusiasm, unqualified answer chosen by top Ameri- Khrushchev occasionally forgot the soft can policy-makers, from Eisenhower's pretensions that masked his efiforts with administration onward.

President Truman signs the National Security Act such phrases as "we will bury you." Even then it wasn't new, it had only of 1947. It created the National Security Council, To the Soviet Union's own "CIA" been intensified by the new scale of the under the President, and the CIA to serve it. (the KGB) was added a new agency of Communist thrust. From the day that WW2 ended, the Communists had been ugly, threatening and too successful in gobbling up other peoples, and we had been responding. Truman had supported successful anti- guerrilla operations in Greece. Under him the Marshall Plan was a mixture of helping our friends recover from WW2 and strengthening them against the Com- munist threat from Eastern Europe. Under Truman, the Communist Berlin blockade had been relieved by the U.S. Air Force in 1948. When Gen. Lucius Clay came back from managing the Ber- lin Airlift he reported that there was a big job in the ideological warfare in Eu- John A. McCone Adm. William F. Rayborn, Ret Richard Helms rope that had to be a private one—the government couldn't do it. tion relied on nuclear weapons to deter political warfare, the Communist Party's The Communist battle for men's hot war (it was speedily disarming the Department of Agitation and Propa- minds. Clay warned, couldn't be an- standing forces), on diplomacy to melt ganda (AGITPROP). Every Soviet swered solely by American generals and Stalin somehow, and on foreign aid to ruble that moved abroad, every weapon, diplomats, all of whom bore the "official strengthen our friends. Thinking about every sack of wheat, drum of oil, case of stamp." Europeans, among other things, peace dealt mainly with the alternatives books and radio broadcast was tabbed in needed more contact with ordinary of hot global war or no war at all. AGITPROP'S master plan. Every Com- Americans, who were painted as two- Stalin was dead and Truman was out munist technician, polemicist, organizer horned "fascists" in Red propaganda.

of office when Khrushchev and his suc- and agitator who was dispatched to the Problem : How does the official Amer-

cessors came on the scene after 1953, outside world went through AGIT- ican government see to it that Americans waving the banner of "peaceful coex- PROP'S mill and became, in effect, one show themselves entirely unofficially at istence" between Communism and capi- of its operatives. the right time and place abroad? talism. During and right after the Korean These comments of Clay's helped in- It quickly turned out that what they War our highest officials were forced to spire later CIA operations that solved meant was a new declaration of what we face up to the questions we are recon- the problem until the secret was blabbed call "political warfare." Bold military sidering here. this year. It channeled money to private

grabs such as Stalin had backed in Korea First is it, or is it not, important that groups, which made grants that permit- were soft-pedaled. But ideological war- the United States should respond to the ted U.S. civilians to show themselves fare was stepped up around the world. Communists' political warfare with across the seas. The Soviets engineered a whole new ef- counteroffensives of its own? Clay made his plea in 1950, the same fort toward world conquest, ranging all The terms of the Communist chal- year that President Truman had had to the way from economic bribes and prop- lenge required either a response by us resort to a major military response in aganda broadcasts to subversion and or a voluntary surrender of much of the Korea, while the Berlin situation was yet guerrillas. world to totalitarianism. to worsen gravely. In itself that wasn't new. The subver- Of course any citizen who would have Every President from Truman on has sion, terror and infiltration directed by said to Khrushchev: "OK, so bury us," felt impelled to resort to open or secretly-

the KGB in Stalin's time were as old hat is entitled to a minority opinion that we backed military action or the threat of it. as earlier Soviet propaganda and eco- should not have reacted in any way. But Truman in Greece, Korea, and Berlin. nomic warfare. But the scale on which as we have not yet elected a President or Eisenhower with the 7th Fleet in the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 A 1967 meeting of the National Security Council with top staff members. In photo: 1. Richard Helms, CIA chief. 2. Bill Gaud, Administrator of A.I.D. 3. George Ball, Undersecretary of State. 4. Dean Rusk, Secretary of State. 5. Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States. 6. Gen. Harold K. Johnson, Army Chief of Staff. 7. John T. McNaughton, Deputy Ass't Secretary of Defense. 8. Bromley Smith, Executive Sec'y. Nat'l Security Council. 9. Walter Rostow, Special Assistant to the President. 10. Hubert H. Hum- phrey, Vice President of the United States. 11. Farris Bryant, Director, Office of Emergency Planning. 12. Leonard Marks, head, USIA.

The record, the cost vast effort CONTINUED and Why do we need the CIA? of all of these open operations are thor- oughly familiar. They offer leadership Formosa Strait; in Guatemala and Iran But our greatest effort was in the and aid to peoples who need help any- (sub rosa); in the NATO alliance, and peaceful billions we have poured into way, and who are, at the same time, in Southeast Asia where Eisenhower's economic aid to other lands. In another threatened with Communist domination Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, economic phase we supported limited that exploits their weaknesses, and the said we'd been (sub rosa) at the brink trade with such Red-bloc nations as passions, turmoil and unrest that flow of war. Yugoslavia and Poland to encourage from them.

Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis; their visible spirit of independence from It is against this vast canvas of a global in the Bay of Pigs (sub rosa) ; in Vietnam the main Communist power centers. war that has raged at enormous cost and and Laos with stepped up military "ad- We encouraged the formation of the to deadly purpose for nearly 20 years, vice," and in Berlin with a powerful mili- European Common Market to help the but largely in the trappings of pretended tary posture. nations on the Continent unify their peace, that the CIA's secret "political Johnson with open intervention in economies and undo the chaos and pov- warfare" operations are to be measured Vietnam and in Santo Domingo. erty which Communism exploits. and judged. For better or worse they are The military record is rather astonish- We lent our prestige and support to a part of this great struggle. ing in review, there has been so much of the Organization of American States, to That brings us to the last question it, in so many places. Yet it was always foster more unified defensive solidarity about the CIA. our court of last resort. in the Americas and to bring about joint //; waging political warfare, do the

The main thrust of the American reaction to solve their economic ills. Pres- President and his cabinet-rank security action was either non-military or didn't ently, we are pushing a Latin American council need a secret agency to carry out go beyond the deterring effect of open Common Market, local versions of which secret operations? military alliances—in NATO, SEATO, have already sprung into existence. The official answer has been, of course, etc. In the war of ideas against ideas, and a qualified "yes." And all who recognize NATO has been so effective in Europe of truth against lies, we tried such open the great world struggle as a kind of war that, in spite of constant pressure from things as "cultural exchange," U.S. In- understand the need for a secret agency. the Communists, no foot of European formation Service and Voice of America In our role in the Cold War. the gen- soil has come under their total sway since (all suffering from the "official" stamp), eral is the President of the United States, the day NATO was formed. and "people-to-people" programs. our civil leader in a form of world civil

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1967 warfare. He is ill-fitted to be a general mittee headed by William H. Jackson aid of France in the Revolution, by tire- in his usual role as President, for the made a thorough study of the matter for lessly propagandizing in our cause. They President as a political leader enjoys few President Eisenhower, as a result of climaxed their effort with that masterful of the "top secrets" of a general. He is which the USIA's charter was revised in exposition of the ideas behind their subjected to second-guessing by anyone 1953. It was limited to disseminating cause, the Declaration of Independence. with a vote, a S^i stamp, a newspaper "information" and was forbidden to en- But by 1953 such activities had become column, a radio broadcast or a soapbox. gage in "propaganda." The whole thing "un-American," in the face of all wisdom He is second-guessed by privates in the was a strange exercise in semantics, and truth. Cold War in classrooms, in editorials, in brought off by the political vulnerability Neither Eisenhower nor Kennedy cartoons, over bridge tables and store of a President to influential criticism, nor Johnson consented to deprive us counters. That's how it should be for a whether sane or otherwise. of such a powerful and peaceful political President. But . . . Critics like Lippmann succeeded in weapon in a great struggle. Instead, In a war, a general cannot always be hamstringing the USIA's propaganda ef- propaganda against the thrust of the to-

Schematic representation of the CIA's role as coordinator of Intelligence In all agencies. Walled off intelligence roles In separate agencies contributed to our ignorance at Pearl Harbor. second-guessed by privates if the war is forts by successfully claiming that open talitarians was placed beyond the reach to be won. Especially not by privates propaganda has no place in American of the second-guessers and quibblers. It with a vote and influence. democracy. became one of the "other functions" of

Walter Lippmann unwittingly demon- Propaganda is the dissemination of in- the secret CIA. There it remained until strated the President's need for a secret formation and ideas to further a cause. part of it was recently exposed (and Cold War agency. Lippmann led a cam- It is one of our peaceful alternatives to probably ruined) when CBS tattled on a paign in the press to prevent the U.S. using bullets in the Cold War, and our nationwide TV hookup that the CIA Information Agency from engaging in country was born amidst the dissemina- had helped support the largely privately- "propaganda," a most necessary tool in tion of information and ideas to further backed Radio Free Europe. the Cold War and a peaceful one. virtually the same cause. The founders Similarly, other groups and individu- So influential was the press campaign of our democracy welded the original als attack and expose, for various rea- against USIA "propaganda" that a com- colonies into a nation, and secured the (Contimted on page 42) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 11 By RAYMOND SCHUESSLER

1906, Dr. Samuel T. Darling re- INported three autopsy cases in Pana- ma of a seemingly new human disease, which he attributed to one-celled animal parasites. He named the supposed parasite Histoplasma capsidatuin.

The disease that it causes is still known by the medical mouthful liistoplasiuosis. OurVnknown which laymen are sometimes pleased to shorten to "histo." In Dr. Darling's cases the disease had invaded the lungs and from there spread to intercellular tissues elsewhere. Lung Disease In 1926, a single case of histo was identified in Minnesota.

In 1945, R. J. Parsons and C.J.D. Zarafonetis summed up 71 known case Once thought to be rare and local, this histories of histoplasmosis. The disease was then thought to be rare, incurable and fatal. But, after another ten years, in 1955. lung fungus disease that imitates the flu and it was estimated that 30 million Ameri- cans had been infected with the disease! In 1958, Dr. Michael L. Furcolow, then a U.S. communicable disease spe- pneumonia is widespread and prevalent. cialist in Kansas City. Kan., noted that expert opinion had decided that there were 500,000 new histo infections in the United States per year!

There was still no medical cure for it. enlarged look at but it was plainly far from rare—and if An it were 1009f fatal our population would Histoplasmis Capsulatum be shrinking rapidly.

By 1934, it had been found that histo is caused not by an animal parasite, but by a fungus that grows in the earth and thrives very well in collected bird droppings. The disease that the fungus causes was found to be such a mimic that nobody will ever know how much supposed diagnoses were histoplasmosis. When it pneumonia, influenza, miliary pulmo- breaks out of the lungs to invade tissue nary disease and tuberculosis of the past areas elsewhere in the body, it may take was actually histoplasmosis. In little the long, slow chronic form that Dr. children it can even resemble leukemia Darling mistook for an invasion by ani- or typhoid fever. mal parasites in his 1906 autopsies. Histo certainly did not burst upon the This quite rare chronic form in older can rage suddenly through a school- scene to leap from three cases in Panama adults may mimic the whole course of house or a neighborhood or a com- in 1906 until it infected a fifth of the slow, wasting, fatal TB—or the spores munity. In the case of a cave, if people United States within a generation. may cause calcifications and cavities that are in a cave when the bat and bird

It was with us, but utterly unrecog- lead to cardiac failure. Even though droppings in it are stirred up, the histo nized, all along. this wasting form of the disease is rated fungus that thrives in them hangs in air

It occurs in forms that are short, as extremely rare, it is not as rare as it to be breathed. The same is true out- violent and fatal, and in others that are was once thought to be. In 1958. Dr. doors. chronically long and fatal. It occurs in Furcolow noted that while only 1 1 cases In recent years many doctors have forms so brief and mild that the patient had been noted nationally up to 1953. shrewdly guessed—without waiting for notices nothing at all or passes it off as subsequently 40 cases had been identi- laboratory tests—that a local epidemic a cough or cold. Only a serum test will fied in a single sanatorium (apparently of "influenza," "pneumonia," or "sum- show that histo invaded him. It occurs in accepted up to then as progressive tu- mer pneumonitis" was actually histo- .short bouts of severe illness, strongly berculosis). plasmosis. Typically, if a sudden out-

aping influenza or pneumonia, with high So-called "cave sickness" has been break is traced to a tightly confined lo-

fever and unusual chest pains, from identified as histo. and in that there is a cality, and if a visit to it shows that bird-

which the patient recovers. clue to its knack for breaking out in droppings have recently been disturbed,

It causes lesions of the lungs so fre- violent, but strictly local, epidemics. the doctor can anticipate a lab report of

quently that it is now a certainty that Histo in epidemic form can strike down histo.

untold numbers of earlier "tuberculosis' a family, or anyone who visits it, or it A Missouri farm family, cited by Dr. 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU NE 1967 MONKMKVER Furcolow, bought some hogs in 1955 and moved them into an old, unused chicken house. Two weeks after one adult and three children had herded the hogs in and breathed the stirred up old '"chicken dust," all four of them came down with a severe "influenza." A week later the mother and youngest child went out to watch the hogs being fed. In two more weeks, they too had "influenza." Serum tests by a doctor who investigated this one-family epidemic showed histoplasmosis in all the victims. Five days after the doctor completed his investigation on the scene, in which he inspected the chicken house-pigpen, he too be-

came acutely ill with fever, chills and chest pain. The histoplasina capsulatum fungus was found in samples of his lung fluid. In another instance, 36 cases of severe histoplasmosis were reported in a public school in Mountain Home, Ariz., in 1955. Serum tests showed 146 students

and teachers infected, of whom 1 10 had not complained of severe symptoms. A thorough investigation traced the most probable cause to a load of coal that had been chuted into the school cellar on a

windy day. The coal, it was believed, came from a mine in which histo fungus had grown. Dramatic stories of larger local epidemics indicate how much the control of epidemic histoplasmosis is in the hands of an educated public and of local sanitary and building-code officials. Most intense epidemics are man made, and most often by making dust of old bird droppings. The first identified epidemic occurred in Plattsburgh, N.Y., in 1938. The word

Geographic incidence of human infections mp 80 90 ggl 60 80

Hi 10 30

Dr. Michael L. Furcolow—one of the chron- Percent of population that reacts positively to histo tests, by geographic areas. iclers of the true picture of histoplasmosis.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 13 —

pigeon roosts, etc , are obvious focal CONTINUED Our "Unknown" Lung Disease points), and it is most common in the central Mississippi Valley and its broad

watershed. But it occurs in varying fre- identified is important. Nobody knows In Oklahoma, a group of soldiers who quency anywhere in the United States, how many epidemics were passed off as took refuge from bad weather in an old city and country. Only a few years ago, mysteries, or falsely identified in earlier storm cellar were all stricken with histo- a hospital staff' in years. The identified Plattsburgh out- plasmosis. In another instance, school New York City insisted that a "pneumonia" patient break was followed by others in Mandan. children whose bus stopped daily under who proved to have histo must have lived in N. Dak.; Warrenton. N.C.: and Cincin- a tree full of birds came down with the the Middle West, in spite of his nati, Ohio. disease. denial. Now it is more generally realized that By 1956, thirty epidemics had been In addition to such pinpointable local the disease occurs everywhere in the identified as well as many smaller out- epidemics, histoplasmosis is quite gen- country. breaks. In Mexico, Mo., Boy Scouts eral in rural areas (chicken houses, who cleaned a city park heavily covered In Los Angeles, physicians conduct- SPREADERS OF HISTOPLASMOSIS with bird droppings were stricken. ing routine tests to determine the local incidence of another In October 1960, a water tower in very common disease in the area were surprised to find Lexington, Ky., had to be rebuilt. A large quantity of pigeon droppings was more evidence of histo than of what they shoveled by seven workmen into buckets were after. Fortunately, the which were hoisted and dumped into most of 30 million trucks, raising a great deal of dust. Americans who have been infected never Within nine days, two workmen were knew they had the disease. It is skin-test hospitalized with acute histoplasmosis, and serum-test samplings that lead to the and others with ornithosis, a variety of conclusion that up to one-fifth of Ameri- cans have been invaded by the fungus. psitticosis—also associated with birds. But you don't have to work right in The violent, rapidly-deadly forms are bird dung to get histoplasmosis. The still rare. Currently, histoplasmosis is fungus lives for a long time in the soil credited with causing about 1,000 deaths even after the birds may be gone. In a year, chiefly in the highly acute form Madison, Wis., ten people became in- and in the long, chronic forms, which fected while digging worms in a marshy sometimes are mistaken for blood or area often visited by blackbirds and starl- bone-marrow cancer. But 100,000 or so ings. In Dalton, Ga., histo infection people who seek medical attention each centered in the wealthier, shaded section year prove to have histo, and many cases of the city. For 20 years large flocks of still escape diagnosis. Not all doctors test birds, especially starlings, wintered for histo when they see "pneumonia" or among Dalton's beautiful shade trees. "influenza." Their droppings eventually brought Furthermore, as Dr. Gerald L. Baum, histoplasmosis to the residents. pulmonary chief of the VA Hospital in The most serious outbreak of histo yet Cincinnati, has noted, skin and serum noted in local epidemic form happened tests are usually negative during the in Mason City, Iowa, in 1962, and was acute stage, and diagnosis may be missed reported in detail in the Archives of without follow-up tests three or four Environmental Health in January 1965. weeks after onset. Sputum tests, it has In late summer, bulldozers cleared a been noted, aren't reliable except in ad- piece of Mason City woodland for a con- vanced chronic cases. So histoplasmosis struction project. Soon the bulldozer may well account for far more than the operator died of an undiagnosed cause. presently-recognized 100,000 cases of Within a few days, two more workmen acute illness per year. were fatally stricken. Many townfolk The severity of the acute form of the became ill. Dr. Furcolow, then with the disease is closely associated not so much U.S. Communicable Disease Center in with individual differences in patients Kansas, immediately suspected histo- as with the amount of fungus breathed plasmosis and began an investigation. in. Many people, once infected, develop He found that the fallen trees, once a an immunity, which suggests that a vac- wild bird roost, had sent up clouds of cine may be developed. But even people dust loaded with histoplasmin fungus with general immunity seem susceptible which blanketed the town and spread to violent infection if exposed to such more thinly about the countryside. His massive inhalation as the workmen staff found that 77% of the population breathed who died in Mason City, Iowa. near the site was infected, while a mile Still to be explored in depth is the away 20% reacted positively. In all, possibility that lung irritation caused by 10,000 out of 30,000 people were in- the "yeast" spores of histoplasmosis may vaded by the dust-raised fungus. be a prime source of lung cancer.

In January, it was decided to burn the Histoplasmosis has defied nearly all logs to prevent further infection, but the of the "wonder drugs." The usual anti- construction men decided to haul them biotics and sulfa drugs have had little away, and in picking them up raised an- or no effect on it. Until quite recently, other dust cloud infecting 10,000 more the patient's own resistance during bed persons. Pigeons {Continued on page 43) 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 (Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to stu- SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #34: dents of American history. We suggest you clip and save each as it appears.) A travel series for motorists

By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

TOMBSTONE, 70 miles southeast of Tucson on U.S. 80, in the midst of the Arizona desert, is known today as a health and winter resort.

It isn't too different today from the

way it was back in 1881, when the Earp boys and Doc Holliday shot it out with the Clanton crowd in the famous battle of the O K Corral. Each year, on the third week-end in October, Tombstone holds its Helldorado Days celebration

and the bloody battle is restaged. Mem- orabilia of the fight can be seen at Fly's Photography Gallery and the Country Store Museum.

The Tombstone Epitaph still publishes as Arizona's oldest paper. The original Washington hand press is in the office.

Boothill Cemetery, final resting place of many who made Tombstone's history.

The town's population, which reached a peak of 10,000 in 1882, is presently at around 1,300 people, and the mines TOMBSTONE, ARIZONA- which once made it famous are now worthless. Some of the houses have fallen down, and some burned down, but the Relic of Gunfight Days old look of a typical southwest mining town remains. esting and possibly unsavory reputation, the home of the 220-acre Lavender open Visitors to Tombstone will see the many of whom died violently. pit copper mine which you can observe Bird Cage Theater with its original fur- The Wells Fargo Museum and Tomb- from a lookout area just off U.S. 80. nishings and fixtures, looking like the stone General Store features life-size wax Douglas, on the Mexican border just old honky tonk where the famous and figures of the Earp brothers and others r.cross the street from Agua Prieta, So- infamous came nightly to drink, gamble and has relics of the Old West. The nora, is interesting to visit. There are and be entertained. The Crystal Palace, Tombstone Courthouse (now a State many dude ranches in the area and beau- restored, looks as it did in its heyday and Historic :1 Monument and Museum) was tiful mountain ranges surround it. serves drinks. built in 1882 and looks it; here are more In 1877, prospector Ed SchiefTelin was 1967 Motel and Restaurant Info: memorabilia of the early years. told he would only find his tombstone Excellent—HTA Lookout Lodge, 1 mi north- if he insisted on wandering around in west on U.S. 80. 40 A/C rooms, pool. Conti- nental breakfast. (602) 457-2223. Good—Larian this Apache country. He discovered a Motel, 418 Fremont St. on tT.S. 80. 8 A/C rooms, (602) 457-2272. Good—Trail Bider's Inn, 13 N. rich outcropping silver of ore and called 7th St. 12 A/C rooms. (602) 457-3573. Very it "the Tombstone." The town which good—Wagon Wheel Restaurant, 4th and Fre- mont Sts. on U.S. 80. Dinner only; closed Mon- grew up as miners, prospectors, gunmen day, Christmas, also June 15-July 15. (602) 457-9991. Good Lucky Cuss Restaurant, on and camp followers trooped in took the — U.S. 80. Open 7 AM-9 PM: closed Friday, name with enthusiasm. Thanksgiving, Christmas. (602) 457-3561. (Bis- bee, Douglas and other nearby towns have Later, water rose in the mines and additional motels and restaurants: see Mobil Travel Guide to California and the West.) could not be pumped out, fires swept the town, gunfights were part of the ac- Your appreciation of any historic cepted social life. Almost any other area is greatly enriched if you read about town would have died and become a it first. J. M. Myers' "The Last Chance; ghost, but Tombstone clung to life. Tombstone is within easy driving dis- Tombstone's Early Years" is one refer- In Boothill Cemetery there are over tance of Tucson, Bisbee and Douglas. ence; there are many others. Consult 250 graves of ladies and gents of inter- Bisbee is built on steep slopes and is your librarian.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 15 By DOROTHY BRANT WARNICK

EPISODES IN law breaking in recent The Police Powers years have refocused attention on the many rights, duties, responsibilities and liabilities of private citizens in law enforcement. of Private Citizens There have been shocking stories of people who did absolutely nothing but look on while terrible crimes were committed—without even calling the police, much less interfering. There have been Resurgence of crime has revived many others of citizens getting together to protect themselves against rampant crime. interest in the rights and duties of We have been reminded again of the ancient power of private citizens to arrest people, which is very little under- citizens to enforce the law. stood. These days there aren't many of

In old England all citizens had to stop work and give chase when a crime victim raised the "hue and cry" against a criminal.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 the old-time sheriff's posses, but they cry "Follow that cab!" Must you? If you didn't know beans about it—like the are a reminder that under common law do or don't, how deeply are you involved fellow who tried to arrest the Mayor of a sheriff can muster every male citizen in what? As the above suggests, citizens New York. Could you break down a of a community of 1 5 years do or can have roles in law door to make a "citizen's arrest?" Can or older to join him in enforcement in two areas, you legally make one for any offense? chasing outlaws. The mod- both of them extremely Or when police are available? ern version of the posse is In a sense, a lot of this should be aca- more apt to see a police- demic, according to the wishes of most man hop into your car and police departments. They are so fearful of citizens getting shot up by brashly trying to arrest hardened criminals that in many instances they hope that if you see a crime being committed you will call

the police and keep out of it yourself. But it's good to know where you stand. Then, too, situations arise in which hardened criminals aren't involved and time may be important. Two youths who knew more than most people do about citizen's arrest became alarmed while driving in Cleve- land, Ohio, not long ago. A car passed them weaving violently and erratically changing speed. Convinced that its driver could easily kill someone, one of the teen-agers ran to the side of the other

car when it stopped at a red light. He reached in and turned off the motor and demanded to see the driver's license of the 14-year-old at the wheel. Of course he hadn't any. They then placed him under citizen's arrest and one stayed with him while the other summoned police. "We thought twice about it," said one of the youths, "but we felt if we let

him go he would only brag about it and probably end up killing someone." Commenting on such things, WilHam B. Saxbe, Attorney General of Ohio, spelled out some of the ground rules of citizen's arrest. With some state-by-state variations. United States law holds that a private person may arrest someone for committing or attempting to commit a felony or a misdemeanor in his presence. He may also arrest someone whom he has reasonable cause to believe has previously committed a felony, but not for a misdemeanor, in the past. Some states allow citizen's arrest only for felonies, while others provide broad arrest powers for citizens for all crimes. Saxbe noted that felonies are almost always crimes that are basically wrong or evil, while misdemeanors are lesser crimes. Murder and robbery are atrocious and evil, law or no law, so they are

felonies. In Ohio, felony is a crime for which punishment ranges from a year in prison to death. Rape, burglary and assault with a deadly weapon are other examples of felonies. Misdemeanors are not of such a serious nature, and in Ohio carry punish-

ment of less than a year in jail. Simple tricky: (1) In assuming police pow- assault and battery, malicious entry, vag- ers themselves, and (2) In being rancy and petty larceny are a few ex- asked or told by police to assist them. amples. Minor offenses, like running a Some people have thought they knew red light and jaywalking, are not gen- all about "citizen's arrest" when they erally considered crimes and may be

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 17 CONTINUED The Police Powers of Private Citizens classed officially as "offenses." A more an outstanding job of stopping a crime general definition of a misdemeanor is on the spot, and proves after the fact that it is a jail, not a state penitentiary, that he knew how to carry it off, he may offense. Beyond that, legislatures spell get a commendation from the New York out specifically what is a felony and City police, whether it is citizen's arrest what is a misdemeanor. well-done or other aid to the police. A person may use force to apprehend Citizen's arrests are actually quite rare a supposed criminal, but only to the ex- tent that is reasonably necessary to make the arrest. He may also break down doors to arrest, but only to prevent the commission or continuance of a felony.

"Breaking down doors" is not necessarily very violent. It is defined as turning knobs, lifting latches, pushing open or imfastening a window and like show of force. A private citizen may not "break doors" to arrest for a misdemeanor, even though he has reasonable grounds to suspect such is being committed within.

It is a general rule that a private person may not use deadly force where the felony is not of the atrocious kind, even though it seems reasonably necessary to prevent the escape of the criminal. There are warnings here for the person who capriciously assumes police powers, as some do who believe that they can use the mantle of citizen's arrest to harass people against whom they bear a grudge.

In England, it is necessary to lay a hand on a person to arrest him. In the United States the law varies. Generally, he need merely be told he is under arrest.

He must be told why. unless he is in the act of committing the crime. The criminal may be held, by force if necessary, until you are able to turn him over to a peace officer or judge, which should be done without delay. The law of citizen's arrest goes back to medieval England, when the "hue and cry" raised by the criminal's victim today, yet they do happen, with both obliged all to cease work and join im- happy and unhappy endings. This mediately in pursuit of an offender. It March, Edward O'Donnell, a private was then England's only reliable method citizen who had a permit to carry a re- of law enforcement. volver, leaped from a barber chair to the citizen's arrest, after which the po- Since citizen's arrest is a power vested intervene against a youth who snatched lice took custody of the hit-and-run in citizens by law, police departments a woman's purse on the sidewalk of New driver. are sometimes over a barrel when it York's West 40th Street and broke her A Chicago janitor surprised a young comes to making official statements arm. O'Donnell gave chase, calling for man about to rape a girl tutor in an about it. Because it is a legal right, they the police, and fired three shots in the apartment in his building. The rapist hesitate to go on record against it, in air. At the third shot the fleeing robber fled, but the janitor pursued and brought spite of their fears that a citizen could stopped and surrendered. O'Donnell him down with a flying tackle on the come off second best if he got too brash could well be in line for one of the "ci- sidewalk, then held him for police. with professional criminals. Brooklyn vilian commendation bars" that the New Citizen's arrest for trivial cause or im- Judge Samuel Liebowitz has noted that York police award each year. But others aginary crimes is frowned on. as are do-it-yourself arrests seldom run have been shot dead moments after they such arrests on highly technical grounds smoothly. "A safe-cracker, caught in the gave chase to fleeing hold-up men. that seem motivated by spite. In St. act. is not likely to utter a good-natured In Coney Island, three girls pursued a Petersburg, Fla., a man was arrested for 'Ah, shucks,' throw away his burglar hit-and-run driver who had killed a speeding in a school zone. As the officer tools, and submit to your announcement pedestrian and raised a hue and cry was writing the ticket a piece of carbon that he's 'under arrest.' . . . The des- from their car window that resulted in a paper fluttered from his hand—where- perado may answer your oratory with a police crew halting the fleeing car. The upon the driver tried to arrest the officer barking automatic," said the Judge. girls, having seen the crime, then made for littering. At police headquarters the On the other hand, if a citizen does ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN RUGE sergeant dismissed the man's charge as a 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 J" The posse. Under common law, sheriffs can muster any or all citizens over 15 to join them in pursuit of outlaws or in quelling resistance to arrest. too-trivial misdemeanor for sucti arrest. It was CORE leader Herbert Callen- school building." The judge threw the hears screams and runs toward the der who tried to arrest former New case out of court on the grounds that sound. He finds a woman unconscious on York Mayor Robert Wagner—whom neither a misdemeanor nor a felony had the sidewalk, sees a fleeing figure, and he accused of the "felony" of misappro- been committed, but a lesser act classed notices blood on the sidewalk and on priating public funds by allowing racial as an "offense" in New York. A police- the hand of the man who is running. He discrimination on city-sponsored con- man can arrest for an "offense," but not pursues, tackles and arrests the man for

struction projects. Police prevented him a citizen. assaulting the woman. However, it later from carrying out the arrest because One of the pitfalls of citizen's arrest turns out that the man cut his wrist on there was no such crime. For his sub- is the liability of prosecution of the a broken bottle and was running for sequent behavior he was first arrested on arrester if he makes a mistake. "There aid, while the woman had screamed and disorderly conduct charges, then sent to is no room for error allowed a private fainted at the sight of blood. The citizen Bellevue Hospital for mental observa- citizen in Ohio," warns Cleveland at- was wrong. In many states he may be tion. torney Gary Kabat. "You may have to sued for false arrest.

In 1964, New York's Assistant Super- take the consequences of making a false Perhaps it is cases like this that promp- intendent of Schools, Dr. Thomas arrest. Should your 'suspect' turn out to ted Atlanta Police Chief Herbert T. Nevins, arrested 64 persons who were be innocent, you may end up in court Jenkins to say, "We don't recommend engaged in a protest demonstration. He as a defendant in a lawsuit." that people go around grabbing other charged them with "loitering in the Suppose a man is walking his dog, people." In a few states you may only

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 19 1. Resort to a phone or police call box, or even loud cries, to summon police as fast as possible. 2. Witness events sharply, and assist the police in all ways possible with information at the scene, and later in court. 3. Participate more actively only in response to police requests.

Of course that is most general, and hardly covers all situations that can arise. Where someone's life is endangered on

the spot, it is shocking to think that on- lookers have often done nothing at all. The recent cases in which large numbers of people have watched brutal beatings and murders without even phoning the police is a sign of a social sickness that would not be tolerated even in Russia. There, a citizen who ignores a person being robbed or attacked, or hurt in an accident, can go to jail or be subject to public reprimand or other embarrass- ment. Fines for not assuming police pow- This February was the first month in years without an assault on a woman in Orlando, ers when indicated can run from $1.25 Fla. Armed women had gotten police pistol training. to $2,500 in Germany—or a year in prison can result. The laws in France and CONTINUED Italy are similar. The Police Powers of Private Citizens As in this country, Britain has no modern law requiring citizens to turn their own. Scotland Yard was arrest for a felony (not a misdemeanor) In short, citizens were admonished police on recently when it urged and the person arrested must later be never to make an arrest just to exercise sharply criticized people to "have a go" when they saw found to have been the party who com- their right to play real-life cops and rob- the to accomplish a legal pur- a crime being committed. But many citi- mitted it. bers, but only that. 12-year-old girl In most of the states in which you may pose that might otherwise abort. If the zens did just A it. broken bottle under the tires of arrest one caught in the act of a misde- police can do it, don't you do flung a car of armed bank robbers. meanor, the citizen may be justified in As for the preference of police depart- a getaway Three truckers raced through London making the arrest only if the person ments, in most circumstances they much see crime they after robbery suspects. A man smashed arrested is subsequently found guilty. prefer that when citizens a his new auto into the stolen car of an Acting reasonably is not enough. You do the following: must be right, too. Then, too, a citizen who knows that murder is a felony and spitting on the sidewalk is a misdemeanor could run afoul of his arresting rights in deciding whether some "middle" crime, like shop- lifting, is a felony or a misdemeanor in his state. The Columbia Law Review in 1965 urged that a citizen should be granted immunity from prosecution if "within the limits of his authority, he acts like a reasonable man in the circumstances." In most of the states the law is broad enough to permit a reasonable error in apprehending the right felon, but even there you would be on ticklish grounds if no felony had actually been done. In only a handful of states is the law broad enough to allow for a reasonable error in assiiniinii a crime has been committed, as in the example of the unconscious woman and the bloody man. The Columbia Law Review urged more uniformity of state law, and sug- gested that citizens not attempt an arrest:

is opportunity to get the ( 1 ) If there an police, and (2) If the crime has already been completed, the identity of the

criminal is known and he is not trying to escape. Judges, police warn against dangers of citizen's arrest of professional crooks.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 pates resistance to an arrest that is legally ordered, he may command as many male citizens of his county as he may think proper to assist him in overcoming such resistance. He may direct the use of arms by private citizens, and may command any military organization, armed and equipped, to overcome such resist-

ance. While this is a specific state provi- sion in line with the old common law regarding posses, there is no recent record of a true posse in New York. The New York City police department, as well as others, seldom calls on citizens to tangle with criminals. Most commonly, a lone policeman who needs help will order a citizen to call for more

police. This is an order which it is a misdemeanor to disobey. And they do com- mandeer private cars. There have been enough cases in New York State of indi- viduals suffering from helping police (as in Ohio) to have inspired a new bill in the state legislature this year to give more protection to citizens who suffer injury, loss or liability while obeying the police.

It is difficult for any layman to approve of the liability that a citizen may incur when obeying an officer. Russia, Italy, France and Germany would punish citizens who stood by and did If the officer is wrong, the citizen who nothing about a robbery or assault, as they have done here recently. obeys him can be held to be wrong, too. escaping prisoner. Graham Speirs, of the moral grounds for the city to pay him Citizens may be denied redress for in- British Safety Council, said that Scotland damages, but no legal grounds. The basis jury, or held liable for their acts, when Yard's advice was "madness" and "sui- of the decision was that an officer can- obeying a special policeman, on the cidal." But British Home Secretary Sir not involve the city in liability to third grounds that only regular officers can Frank Soskice had high praise for the parties. Blackman, on the other hand, command citizens. But you'd have to public response. He said it was a "strik- had no choice but to obey the officer or look it up to find if this holds in your ing reminder of the way in which we are suffer a fine of "not more than $50." Sec- state. Citizens have been denied protec- all in the battle against crime together." In weighing his rights, liabilities and duties in enforcing the law, the Ameri- can citizen who educates himself about citizens' arrest in his own state is at least free to make his own decision. He can balance his knowledge against his sense of duty when he sees a crime being committed, and act according to his own judgment. Things are different, and legal reforms are certainly in order, when it comes to assisting the police at their request.

It is a general rule (with great variations from state to state) that you must give assistance to an oificer who orders you to aid him in apprehending a crimi- You help nal or stopping a crime. It is also a gen- must a policeman who orders you to. But the law gives you very little redress for injury you suffer or protection from liability that may follow. eral rule that there is very little protection for a citizen who suffers loss or in- tion 12857 of the Ohio General Code re- tion in matters growing out of obeying jury or incurs liability when carrying out quires a citizen to obey a "sheriff, cor- an officer when it was adjudged, after an officer's instructions. oner, constable or other ministerial offi- the fact, that the officer need not have In a precedent-setting decision in Ohio cer" when called on to assist in "appre- called for help. (Blackman vs Cincinnati) the state ap- hending a person charged with, or con- It is a strange anomaly that a citizen peals court ruled that Blackman had no victed of, a criminal offense, or in se- can be made to suffer for obeying an recourse to relief from the City of Cin- curing such a person when so appre- officer, and for not obeying him as well cinnati for the loss of his car. It was hended, or in conveying him to prison." —yet it can happen both ways. wrecked on wet streets, in hot pursuit of In New York State it is a misdemeanor Quinn Tamm, Executive Director of a gunman undertaken by Blackman at for a private citizen to fail to obey the the International Association of Chiefs the orders of a city patrolman, who command of a policeman to assist him of Police, points out that there has been hailed him to give chase. in similarly enforcing the law. a natural process of cutting back, by The court admitted that there were If a New York county sheriff antici- {Continued on page 53)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 21 SHOULD THE U.S. SHARE "YES" THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT should share tax receipts state and local problem- with the states. The alternative—continued growth solving must go to such of speciaHzed federal grant-in-aid programs—is un- federal programs whose acceptable. promises far outstrip their They do not work. ability to perform. The Ribicoff and the Muskie Senate hearings have How much better if shown this. Thousands of complaints from school revenue-sharing were in boards, county boards, state and municipal officials effect. clearly herald the approaching end of the specialized The bureaucrat in grant. Washington recognizes the And none too soon. "generalized" problem of

The record of waste, inefficiency and duplication is crime, education, poverty Rep. Melvin R. Laird clear. More than that, specialized grants often com- and so on. (R-Wis.) 7th District pound the problems they are designed to solve. But the local official in a Take water pollution for example. particular area knows the priority needs far better. Under the 1965 Housing Act, $100 million was re- Whether the need is for more funds for teachers' quested by the President for Fiscal Year 1967 for local salaries or school construction, for storm sewers or sewer construction on a 50-50 matching basis. slum removal programs, for job retraining or better Yet, $4 hillio7i in applications—20 times the amount transportation—he knows what is required. available for the federal share—had already been re- Revenue-sharing—whether in the form of percent- ceived by last November for the $100 million granted age rebates, bloc grants or tax credits—will give him by the Congress under the President's request. the resources to tackle those problems in the best way. Federal programs that chase so many goals with so My own bill would provide a combination—equal- few dollars—and there are many—retard progress and ized tax rebates and tax credits—one for providing impede local initiative. needed funds, the other for needed additional sources The reason is clear: it is the "hope" for federal of taxation. It also would phase out, gradually, many money. of the existing specialized federal aid programs. So long as that "hope" exists because the programs It is time to replace discredited "solutions" of the "exist" (regardless of how few dollars are available thirties with practical policies for the seventies.

under the program) , local politicians will find it sui- Revenue-sharing is the modern vehicle that clearly cidal to propose bond issues for immediately needed offers a better way for Americans to do things. improvements and they will be delayed. Municipal pollution of streams and rivers can often be traced to this "hope." Part of the blame for delays in

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this big

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 .

TAX RECEIPTS WITH THE STATES?

THE SO-CALLED tax shar- Under the tax sharing proposals, rebated money can ing plans are based on be used by the state for any purpose. Some of these two assumptions, neither tax sharing plans will give the poorer states a larger of which is vaUd. The first per capita share of the money. You can imagine the is that there is a surplus in indignation of the citizens in the richer states if this the federal treasury. There money is used—^not for education, not for pollution

is, instead, a deficit. Even abatement, but to enrich local politicians or reduce when the war in Vietnam taxes. ends, there will be no sur- The worst plan I have seen would merely leave part

plus if we fund the es- of the federal tax behind in the state that collected it. sential projects and grant- This would allow citizens in rich states like Illinois, Sen. Frank E. Moss in-aid programs already who spend only about 8% of their income on state and (D-Utah) authorized by Congress. local taxes, to get a larger per capita rebate than citi- The second assumption zens in poorer states like Vermont, which taxes its is that state governments have exhausted their sources citizens almost 12/^ of their personal income. of revenue. This is not true. Almost a third of the states Recognizing the basic inequity in this, several plans do not even have an income tax. The difference in the propose to adjust the rebate for state effort in raising efforts of the states to raise money is striking. In Cali- taxes or to give poorer states a larger share. Others fornia, 11.8% of personal income goes for state and would direct how the money is to be spent. This again local taxes. In Virginia, only 7.8% goes for the same creates red tape. Greater local direction and larger purpose. Yet many of the tax sharing plans would lump-sum payments of the grant-in-aid programs are treat the states equally. desirable and would be a much simpler reform. Some partisans view tax sharing as a way to elimi- The basic principle of taxation is that all taxes nate the federal grant-in-aid program. Federal grants should be levied by the government that spends the are given to the states to aid them in solving problems money. The taxpayers can then, by political processes, affecting the entire nation. Such grants are made for control the spending. Federal tax sharing violates this education, highways, pollution abatement and other fundamental principle. programs that are national in scope. Air and water pollution cannot be ended if one state adopts an abatement program while a neighboring state continues to pollute. And if a state is too poor to educate its citizens properly, the whole nation suffers. Because of the national importance of these programs, the citizens in richer states have not objected to the largest federal I have read in The American Legion Magazine for June grants going to poorer states that contribute less in the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The U.S. Share federal tax monies. Tax Receipts With The States?

IN MY OPINION THE U.S. SHOULD

SHOULD NOT SHARE TAX RECEIPTS WITH THE STATES.

SIGNED issue, fill out the ^'ballot'' and mail it to him. ADDRESS.

TOWN. STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 23 A Look at Boston, THE TOUDENTIAL. INSL'HANCE CO. OF AMERICA

beyond it, downtown Air view of Boston with new Prudential Center in Back Bay in foreground. Past sl

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 Massachusetts ....By R. B. PITKIN

THERE HAVE .. BpEN changcs in Boston, Massachusetts, since the American Legion last held a national convention there in 1940, and

there is still centuries-old sameness there, too

Old downtown Boston is still antique, quaint, twisty-streeted and so crowded that you ought to keep your private car out of the half-mile belt from the Custom House to Boston Common, where the colonial militia used to drill. Fortun-

ately, it isn't a long walk from anywhere to anywhere once you are downtown (where cab or subway can whisk you),

and the place is still loaded with things right out of the history books from the earliest colonial times through the American Revolution.- Even the pugnacious old Spirit of

Liberty still glows. Boston cops, for instance, aren't allowed to require proof of the identity of jaywalkers whom they ticket. So about half of them say they are Judy Garland or Earl Warren or some such and go their way to let the courts worry about finding them again. Testy old Sam Adams would approve of that.

But a lot of Boston is being torn down and rebuilt more in the style of the year 2,000 than 1776. Even some of the old downtown has been and is being ripped out to make room for new buildings. Scollay Square has been annihilated by the demolition man's big iron ball. A scant mile and a half west of the Custom House, on the other side of Boston Common in Back Bay, overlooking Boylston St., is the new and still-growing

Prudential Center. It is dominated by the Prudential Life Insurance 52-story sky- scraper office building and shopping mart, the Sheraton Hotel and a couple of tall apartment houses so newly built they were going up when our opening photo was taken. Tacked right onto the

Sheraton is the new, publicly built War Memorial Auditorium—the latest in bright, modern convention and exhibit halls. This whole comfortable, airy, bustling modern architectural complex will be the heart and center of The American Legion's 49th National Con- vention, this coming August 25-31. Should you be one of the Legionnaires quartered in the Sheraton (the officially designated national hq hotel) you could drive right into the Prudential Center at 60 mph or better from, say, San Fran- cisco, to attend all the official convention committee, commission and general business sessions in the Sheraton and Boston. Thin, white building is Sheraton, to its left, the auditorium. the Auditorium. There you could live

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 25 CONTINUED A Look at Boston, Massachusetts high on the hog in the many restaurants and lounges in the Center, and head back to San Francisco at 60 mph again, without ever stepping outdoors until you re- claimed your car. The Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90), coming in from the west, runs right under the complex, with a Prudential Center exit.

But let's chuck the idea that you are a hermit who only likes to look at turnpike pavement and hotel rooms, or even that you will be in the Sheraton.

The Legion will fill hotels a good long way from there. So let's start with a short catalog of some interesting things anywhere around Massachusetts, then zero in on Boston. Way out west in Massachusetts are the beautiful Berkshire Hills. Should you drive from the west via the N.Y. Thru- way, you'd be in the Berkshires shortly after you cross the state line below Al- Orientation map of Boston, with essential points to Legion in color. bany, N.Y., after swinging off onto the convention Nat'l Drum and Bugle Corps championships will be in Red Sox' Fenway Park. Mass. Turnpike. The Berkshires are, among other things, summer theater house are way out on the Cape. They point of local pride, even though pri- country (Tanglewood is hard by Lenox, have probably been painted in oil and vately owned and occupied. Mass.) and a "country-place" retreat for watercolor more than any seascape ex- The trouble with listing such things is many prominent Yorkers. The New cept Rockport, 30 miles or so north of that there's no end. You can hardly Berkshires are good for a slow, relaxing, Boston on the coast. move in Boston or for many miles around inquisitive side trip off the turnpike. You About 35 miles southeast of Boston without tripping over something of great could put up at a Berkshire motel, amid en route to the Cape is Plymouth Rock historic interest. There's Bunker Hill. serenity cricket chirps, the night be- and and the reconstructed old Plimoth There's the Old North Church where the fore the morning you hit Boston. Colony, as well as the life-size replica of signal lantern gave Paul Revere the go- About 50 miles west of Boston is Old the Mayflower sailing ship. ahead. There's "Old Ironsides" tied up at Sturbridge Village, at Sturbridge, right Just a few miles out of downtown the Boston Navy Yard. There are the where Route 15 brings traffic from the Boston to the northwest are Lexington graves and the homes of the great in south to join the flow from the west onto and Concord, where the Revolution be- colonial an-d revolutionary history. Far the Mass. Turnpike to Boston. The Vil- gan. The village green is there at Lex- to the south is old New Bedford, with its lage is a reconstructed colonial town on ington and the "little bridge at Concord." shades of Moby Dick and an old whaling 200 acres. The 40 buildings are real Original old colonial homes—includ- vessel fer you to inspect. Along the oldies, hauled in from elsewhere. Cos- ing those of many famous in the political coast to the north, within 30 miles, are tumed natives act as guides and reenact and literary life of the nation—are main- Gloucester (just south of Rockport), colonial ways. There's an admission tained in Concord in the old style as a {Turn to page 28) charge to the Village. The Publick

House in Sturbridge is a well-known and charming old eating place. CE.VTER PHOTO-BOSTON An hour from Sturbridge puts you in Boston but first a look at some of the — \ i possible side trips north, east and south. About 33 miles north of Boston on Interstate 93 is the Rockingham Park racetrack at Salem, N.H. Legionnaires ^ Hi who register for the convention early enough can use a coupon given them that'll admit them to the Rockingham grandstands free for the races on Satur- day. Aug. 26. A real long side trip from Boston would take you all the way to Province- town at the tip of Cape Cod. By road that's just about 100 miles out of Boston —but oh, the sweet salt air, the shining beaches, the old lighthouses and the blue Spire of Old North Church where lantern signal hung for Paul Revere, of sea and sky. Nauset Beach and Light- shows through gunport of "Old Ironsides" tied up in the Boston Navy Yard. 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1967 Aini \

Reconstructed Plimoth Plantation, about 35 miles southeast Upstairs in Faneuil Hall (pronounced Fanual), historic revol- of Boston en route to Cape Cod and Provincetown. utionary meeting hall. Downstairs is used as a market today.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 27 CONTINUED We took one guest to Anthony's, and A Look at Boston, Massachusetts ate very well for not more than you expect when you're Dining Out. Including a large cocktail apiece and a full-course America's best known deep-sea fishery they'd mentioned one after the other dinner (we eventually had no room for yesterday and today; and Salem of witch- after the other, they kept saying: "Good all of it but didn't care), and a generous craft fame, where you can see Haw- Lord, how could we have forgotten so- tip for excellent service, and 5% sales thorne's House of Seven Gables; and and-so's? That has to go in too." tax, the tab averaged $8.80 apiece. Marblehead and other seafaring names Well, that can't go in—this isn't the If we should eat Anthony's baked of yore to conjure with. It's only a short phonebook. stuffed filet of sole ($4.25 a la carte) air flight south to the fabled islands of It came down to Anthony's Pier 4, and every night, it would be a short life and Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Jimmy's Harbor Side, and Dini's, and fat one. They chop up all this lobster and Enough history for now. We are in Top of the Hub, and Durgin-Park, and bread, and flavor it with chicken base Boston proper and suddenly we are Fisherman's Wharf, and Kevin's Wharf, and mild spices and other jazz to make a hungry. and Trader Vic's at the Statler, and Kon dressing saturated in butter. They wrap You can eat well around almost any Tiki Ports at the Sheraton, and all three the fish filet around it and bake it in corner in Boston, and you can eat on any Union Oyster Houses, and Yankee milk, then cover it with a sauce similarly budget, from pauper's to millionaire's. Fisherman, and the Parker House, and made. When you get it it doesn't look That's from White Tower to Locke- Locke-Ober, and Joseph's and cut it out, like fish, it looks like four dumplings in Ober. One problem seems to be that fellows. Dear reader, for all the other a brownish sauce. Ye gods, what a rich, Bostonians know that all too well. At tasty concoction! Our conservative com- lunchtime it is a battle to get in any- panion settled for a prosaic sirloin steak, where, even though we counted 377 not really as thick as his left leg, over restaurants in the yellow pages through which he drooled until he couldn't move. A, B and C and still had the rest of the Anthony's is at the tip of Pier 4 in alphabet to go. Boston Harbor, right next to the Com- Waldorf has a chain of 16 cafeterias monwealth Pier. It's about $1.90 on a and we think well of them. There are taxi meter from the Prudential Center. 29 Howard Johnsons in the Boston area. (Four or five can ride in a Boston taxi White Tower has seven of its counter for what the meter says.) All the rest of lunches. A cab driver spoke well of Pier 4 is Anthony's parking lot. Periodi- Maria's at 7 Knapp Place in the down- cally, during dinner, announcement was town area (Italian food) and of the made of the ships then moving in the Yankee Fisherman (seafood, naturally) harbor, including their fittings and their on the water, downtown. He often takes destinations. The Olympic was pulling his wife to them, where they eat well out for a Near East cruise, and we got all on a cabby's income. the details over Anthony's speaker sys- At the Prudential Center on a Wed- tem. Anthony's is open every day and reservations. First come, nesday noon we found it impossible to does not make get into any of the excellent restaurants first served. It seats an awful lot of peo- in the Sheraton, or even the sumptuous ple, is big, airy, comfortable—and gives Top of the Hub, Stouffer's grand restau- you all the trimmings for your money: rant on top of that big Prudential sky- hot breadstufts, relishes, salads, etc. Per- scraper. But right out on Boylston Street sonal attention given to diners at 7:00 were several less-celebrated street level p.m. March 28, 1967, was perfect. restaurants. We were seated promptly at Maybe you can't afford to eat at Boraschi's, which calls itself Italian but Locke-Ober, so we'll let you read about had excellent everything and comfort to it for nothing. go with it. Winter Street, in downtown Boston, is Dini's, on Tremont Street downtown, The "little bridge at Concord," with sta- only about a block short, between is packed at lunch for good reason. One tue of Minute Man. Concord and Lexington Tremont and Washington, not far from are only a few miles northwest of Boston. whom we trust said their clam chowder the Cheese Store on Tremont. Halfway is tops. If you are in downtown Boston top dining spots, you play Admiral Peary down from Tremont and the subway and are tired of the hustle and bustle, and go exploring. There are 84 Chinese station, on the right, a little dead-end you can duck into the Parker House, restaurants alone listed in the yellow alley leads off between Provident Savings whose food is excellent. Here's an older pages. and Stowell's jewelry and silver shop. hotel so well made and managed that it Unless you are allergic to fish, you This is Winter Place. It has two side- stacks up by today's standards—and you are a jerk if you go to Boston and don't walks and a "street" that allows 4 inches can relax over a meal and/ or cocktail at least once try some of the best sea- on each side of a taxi's wheels. Forty in the Parker House. It's at Tremont and food in the land. Boston will take on all yards in on the left (before the alley School Streets, and stands on the original comers in seafood, even the admitted dead-ends against a wing of Provident site of the first tax-supported public splendors of New York, Miami, Phila- Savings) is an unpretentious, flat- school in the United States. delphia, Baltimore, New Orleans and fronted, dingy, red brick structure whose But let's talk about Eating Out as op- San Francisco. overhead sign "Locke-Ober" omits men- posed to just eating. There are good res- Come with us now to Anthony's Pier tioning that it is a restaurant, much less taurants in virtually all of the top hotels 4 in Boston. We have been tipped off that that it has been one of America's great —the new Statler, the old Parker House, baked stuff'ed filet of sole is a specialty. restaurants for 92 years. the costly Ritz Carlton, etc., etc., etc. We Filet of sole is something we'd not usu- Our companion went up from his sat with a gang of Bostonians and said, a!lv order when out on the town. It is so sirloin at Anthony's of the night before "Tell us the real restaurants." After ordinary. to filet misnon Mirabeau ($6.50 a la

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1967 -

carte), and nothing else but coffee. We tasted a bit of his steak, and agreed that we had had as good but had not had better. For ourselves, we lacked the guts (literally) to have a Locke-Ober main course only 24 hours after our loading up at Anthony's Pier 4. We had a cup of cold vichyssoise (a Frenchy potato soup which we always like) and it was neither better nor worse than we expect when we order vichyssoise. Then, on another tip, we ordered baked oysters a la Gino (2.50 a la carte). That's supposed to be just a starter before you really dig in, but we passed up the rest of the menu. (We aren't really cut out for this work. We are overweight,

and we aren't jolly about it, but carry it with a sense of sin and short breath.) The baked oysters a la Gino were un-

utterably delicious (as most sin is said to be). There were only six of them. Doc. Just baked oysters. Well, yes, there was sort of brown crumbs on them— and bits of bacon, and we'd suppose some cream sauce and heavy cream and olive oil and a touch of crab meat had been near them. And maybe some wine Nauset Beach, with high bluffs and picturesque little old lighthouse, is one (a suspicion of Madeira?). of the beautiful spots about two hours drive from Boston on Cape Cod. And possibly garlic clove and paprika had been in the same oven. Oh, drool!

Locke-Ober is closed Sundays. The first floor is for men only. Take ladies to the second floor. The third floor is private dining rooms—for from four to 22. If you own the bank where you come from you might stand your old Legion pals to dinner in one of the private rooms (50^ a head extra for dinner, 250 a head extra for lunch). You ought to be able to feed ten for inside $200, if you watch what they order.

Locke-Ober's menu is a la carte with a vengeance—extra for everything except water and breathing. Bread and butter, salad, salad dressing, each vege-

table, potatoes, etc., all go onto the bill.

Anthony's Pier 4 restaurant, next to Commonwealth Wharf in Boston We calculated that if you ate a /;/// Harbor is one of the top-rated eating places in the United States. course dinner and picked a middle priced item each time, your tab would run about $16.75 before tip, drinks and state tax. We have drawn up a Locke-Ober dinner for one that would cost $33.95, including 5% tax and 15% tip. But we couldn't eat that much or that rich. Our tab came to a little over $12 for two by ordering what we had room for. If you hear about Joseph's in Boston, that's another Locke-Ober—same recipes, same prices, same management, different location. Our private eating investigation ended there. When we return we are going back

to Anthony's Pier 4 to live it up, and to the Parker House to relax. And we are going to Durgin-Park (closed Sundays),

which everyone tells us is plain old original American. There, the banker and the longshoreman rub elbows over Boston is celebrated for great universities, hospitals and museums. Above is shown the Museum of Science abutting the Charles River Dam. (Conriiiued on pai^e 51)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 29 , —

DATELINE WASHINGTON RED MAY HEAD UN ASSEMBLY. THE COMPUTER GOES TO COLLEGE. POST OFFICE WITHOUT POLITICS?

With unalloyed lack of enthusiasm, Washington appears PEOPLE AND QUOTES: to be accepting as inevitable the scheduled election MORAL EROSION of Corneliu Manescu, Rumania ' s foreign minister, as the first Communist to serve as President of the General "America's moral power is Assembly in the 21-year life of the United Nations. being eroded by the manner in The 22nd Assembly won't get around to picking its which your country is being next presiding officer until September, but the word interpreted in the eyes of the is out that the East European Red not only has suf- world." Pope Paul VI, quoted ficient votes, but no rival for the prestigious post. by Vice President Humphrey. Although Rumania relishes its somewhat independent CRIME: EFFECT within the Eastern bloc . . . akin to France position "Crime is neither the concern . . . the cold war fact is vis-a-vis the Western Allies nor the responsibility of any critic of U.S. that Manescu has been a loud and bitter isolated minority. No sector of . . . and Rumania (like France and policy in Vietnam our national life is untouched has refused to pay its peacekeeping assessments Russia) by its effects or freed of its re- in defiance of the U.S. position. sponsibility." President John- son.

U. S. universities and colleges not only have to make CAN'T BACK DOWN room for ever larger stuuent enrollments but also "To back down in Vietnam be an indication to the for more computers, the President ' s Science Advisory would that the commitments of Committee reports . world The computer, although only in its age of infancy, is America are worthless. The already playing so significant a role in American dangers of such an action life — in government, industry, science, and the like would be uncountable." Secre- that the understanding and realistic use of computers tary of State Rusk. in higher education is already a necessity, the c om- MOON MARGINAL observes. mittee "We are still aiming at land- it will cost about $60 The report estimates that ing a man on the moon before provide sufficient computers for per student per year to the end of the decade, but after to for chemistry labora- the campuses, as compared $95 the recent accident in which libraries. Some uni- tories, $50 to $200 for college three astronauts lost their meeting their computer needs, versities are already lives, the chances have become if the college grad but most of the schools need help rather marginal." Space expert the more sophisticated of tomorrow is to be prepared for Dr. Werhner von Braun. computers yet to come. How to meet the cost? Government assistance, responds the committee. MUSCLEBOUND "China is a musclebound giant. Their great leaps forward It won't happen overnight, and may never happen at have usually resulted in them all, but the fact is that Washington is seriously talk- ending up on their face in the ing about taking the post office out of p olitics, and mud." Former U.S. Ambassa- turning over operation of the mails to professionals. dor to Japan Reischauer. The idea, as staggering as the nation's growing mail SPACE EFFORT been proposed by Postmaster Gen. Lawrence F. load, has "Whatever our faults, we are for abolishing the Cabinet- O'Brien, whose plan calls an able-bodied team." James Office Department and replacing it with a level Post E. Webb, Director, National (similar to the TVA) non-profit federal corporation Aeronautics and Space Admin- would run the system like an efficient business which isti'ation. instead of like a political potpie. The Post Office Department, with 700,000 employees, UNDER THE SEA is a particular plum of Congress, which fixes wage "It is sometimes hard to be- rates as well as mail rates, and controls postmaster lieve that the answer to many appointments. But with continuing deficits— over $1 of the problems of the earth billion this year anticipated—and delivery services will be found in the ocean's Democratic Rep. Les- increasingly troubled by delays, the idea of an in- . depths." dependently run postal organization could catch on. ter L. Wolff, of New York.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 — — —

FOR YOUR INFORMATION Closer to Sanity Now?

I WOULD NOT HAVE thought that I Vietnam" rather forcefully im- could have seen anything good pressed the people as a lot of noth- in the simultaneous "protest" dem- ing, and struck a terrible blow at onstrations put on in New York and the notion that the right and ability San Francisco in a mid-April week- to grow hair distinguishes a human end this year being's opinions more than it does a Maximum estimates placed the monkey's. "dissenters" at 125,000 in New Large numbers of the demon- York and 55,000 in San Francisco. strators felt a psychological need

Conceding these figures, the two for some sort of prop, be it a beard, great gatherings were impressive in a painted face, a tambourine, locks both size and smallness. Simply as to the shoulders, a banana worn crowds they were impressively big. about the neck, off' beat clothing or But considering that this was an irrelevant placards. all-out and highly publicized effort All of these came through either to collect as many such people as as signs of personal inadequacy or possible from both coasts and both a basic yearning to beat out fellow watersheds of the Mississippi, the By NATIONAL COMMANDER demonstrators in TV and news result was impressively small photo space. probably well under 180,000 in a What little was left of protest nation of 180,000,000 people. against the war in Vietnam led only One would expect that a genuine to division between the sincere and cause, rallying under expert organ- the clowns, with the clowns getting izers on both coasts at once, would draw far more. Yet, most of the stage. Among the leaders, Martin Luther though nominally a protest against our involvement in King found himself assailed afterwards by other prom- Vietnam, the organizers attracted people from dozens of inent Negroes for mixing civil rights with war against other "causes," to make the thing come out bigger. Black Communist tyranny, and, as Time noted. Socialists like power was there; and part of the civil rights movement; Norman Thomas had little stomach for the big show be- and someone who wanted more beer; and Communists of cause of the "double standard" of the protest. "The pitch

Soviet, Red Chinese and Trotskyite persuasion, as well as of their protest made it seem that Hanoi was innocent facetious beatniks clamoring for more "funlove." of any aggressive role in the war," noted Time. It "as- By every means possible the demonstrators impressed sumed Washington's guilt and Hanoi's innocence." upon the public that they had no cause at all, but were Time found other apt phrases for the unintended self- largely random exhibitionists. This kind of "dissent" exposure of the oddball approach to serious international they told us—has no answer to anything and has but one affairs. Some of them are well worth quoting: denominator common —publicity hunger. Long male "The end result" demonstrated that "Americans in hair was there, and odd costumes, sensational ." and exhi- springtime like to have fun. . . It was about "as dam- bitionism running the usual gamut of burning draft cards aging to the U.S. image throughout the world as a blow before TV cameras, carrying the flag upside down, and from the daffodils and roses that the marchers carried even burning a flag in ." ". New York. in gaudy abundance. . . . . Though it was attempting What could be good about such a show? nothing of the kind" the demonstration "spoke eloquently A number of things, all unintended. The impact upon for what the U.S. is trying to defend in South Vietnam the public was a mixture of boredom, contempt and utter namely, the right to speak out." silence —whether you watched the faces of people view- Because the event was such a fiasco, I see more hope ing the proceedings on TV in their living rooms or the now that debate about s'^rious affairs of the nation may patient and curious watchers who scattered along the take on a little more semblance of sanity. The problems city streets. of this world are far too grave to be left to clowns. To By and large it came off like a showdown in poker, in the degree that they exposed their shallowness in April which the hand of this kind of "dissent" was revealed by showing too much of their empty hand, they may as having nothing higher than a ten. It is certainly to the have rendered this country at least one service—how- good that the "Spring Mobilization to End the War in ever unintended. The affair even looked silly abroad.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 31 —

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JUNE 1967

LITTLE TO REPORT ON PENDING pike, walleye and small-mouth bass LEGISLATION RE VETS AFFAIRS: fishing . . . The site is within Though considerable legislation of daily auto visits of the rest of the major importance to the nation's war heart of the Adirondacks ; the trout veterans is in the Congressional hop- waters of the Ausable River ; Lakes Saranac and Placid ; Whiteface Moun- per, the timing left little to report tain, etc. . . . The New York Ameri- as "Newsletter" went to press . . . can Legion operates two free infirm- Most bills were in committee and for convalescent male and female hearings on them were pending or just aries war veterans of New York State within starting to shape up . . . Among half mile of the "Paradise Point" numerous proposals which should make a vacation camp . . . For stays of news later are those to improve three days or more the rates are $10 veterans pensions, to give Vietnam per day for adults, $6 for children vets full wartime status, and to from 6 to 12, and $4 for children 5 protect veterans from loss of bene- and under . . . For one or two day fits when receiving Social Security stays the adult rate is $12 a day, increases . . . These and others were ^.children unchanged . . . Queries for endorsed by the President earlier in available space from Legionnaires or the year . . . Legionnaires should Auxiliares may be made in writing notify their Congressmen of support -"to Director, American Legion Mountain of these measures to help assure a Camp, Tupper Lake, N.Y. 12986 . . . climate favorable to them. or phone Mr. or Mrs. William Feist at

518-358-3374 . . . Camp is open YORK LEGION VACATION NEW from early June to Labor Day. CAMP IN ADIRONDACKS OPEN TO OUT-OF-STATERS: WILLIAM G. Mckinley, n.j., dies: dean of The American Legion Mountain Camp, LEGION'S NAT'L EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: at Tupper Lake in the Adirondacks The ranks of American Legionnaires 300 miles north of New York City just of national prominence suffered a off N.Y. Route 30—has opened its third blow in a few weeks when Wil- mountain-lake vacation facilities to liam G. McKinley died at his home in

Legionnaires (and their families) Jersey City, N.J., on April 30 . . .

from other states . . . The change National Adjutant E. A. Blackmore

is a technical one, making it pos- and Past,..,Nat ' 1 Commander Alvin sible for space not reserved by N.Y. Owsley, of Texas, passed away earlier. Legionnaires (who have first crack McKinley, at 73, was the dean of the at the accommodations) to be re- Legion's National Executive Commit- served by other Legionnaires who may tee, having served on it as New Jer-

be vacationing or traveling in the sey's representative since 1935 . . .

northeast . . . The so-called "camp's" His death came only a few hours be- vacation facilities are rustic, v/ith fore he was to attend the regular a collection of cottages and lodges May meeting of the Committee in In- that were part of an old estate on dianapolis ... A retired telephone the wild west shore of Tupper Lake executive, he was, to the moment of

. . . While most of the buildings are his death, also the key figure in old it is scarcely a "camp," as the the leadership of the New Jersey rates include cottage or lodge facili- American Legion ... He was chairman ties, maid service and three meals of the New Jersey State Veterans a day in a main dining hall overlook- Council, and— on the Legion's National ing the lake . . . There i"^ a club- Executive Committees —he was chairman house over the water, with dancing of the Committee on Reorganization,

and evening social affairs . . . on which he had worked tirelessly to There are docks and rowboats and a keep the internal organization and recreation hall and outdoor games for administrative structure of the

children . . . The nearby Tupper Lake Legion abreast of the times ... A country club's golf course is open Signal Corps veteran of WWl, he was — at low green fees — to Legion camp a Past Commander of Post 96 in Jersey guests . . . Hiking trails abound City, and of the Hudson County (N.J.)

. . . All but the northeast shore of Legion organization ... He was a the lake is practically unsettled, skilled executive and parliamentarian being mostly state forest lands and ... He is survived by his widow,

parts of large private estates . . . Mrs. Lynda McKinley, three children Tupper Lake is noted for northern and ten grandchildren.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS JUNE 1967

Ex-Officio Member 1956-59; National Legion National Adjutant Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Com- mittee Secretary and Member 1956-67; Dies Of A Heart Attack National Finance Commission Ex- Officio Secretary 1959-67 and National Second seizure in two months fells E. A. Blackmore, 50th Anniversary Committee Ex-Officio Member 1966-67. Legion's top administrative officer; Legion leaders Hundreds of persons, among them gather from around nation for services in his honor. many Legion national dignitaries and officials, attended the funeral rites on American Legion National Adjutant April 25. The regular Episcopal burial E. A. Blackmore died of a heart attack service from the Book of Common on April 21, 1967, in Indianapolis, Ind. Prayer was conducted by the Rev. G. He was 49. Ernest Lynch. Rector of Trinity Episco- The American Legion's top adminis- pal Church, Indianapolis, and pastor of trative official had been recuperating the deceased. Burial was at Washington from an initial heart attack suffered while Park Cemetery North near his home in attending the Iowa Legion Department's Indianapolis. The funeral cortege lead- Midwinter Conference in Iowa City on ing to the cemetery was more than a mile February 13. Following the first attack long. At the conclusion of graveside rites, he was hospitalized in that city for a the flag draping the casket was folded month before returning to his home in and presented to the widow by Legion Indianapolis to continue convalescence. National Commander John E. Davis. He appeared to be progressing satisfac- Blackmore is survived by his wife, torily up to the time of his death. Jean, a son, John A. Blackmore. of Chi- "Blackie," as he was called by his mul- cago, and a daughter, Joanne, a fresh- titude of friends, had only recently re- man at the University of Wyoming. turned to his Legion duties on a part- Active pallbearers were: Francis W. time basis and was looking forward to Polen, National Treasurer of The Amer- participating in the spring meeting of the ican Legion; Robert Lyngh, Assistant National Executive Committee on May National Adjutant of The American Le- 3-4. gion; William F. Hauck, Director of the On the day of his death he had left Legion's Washington Office; Dean Nel- his office about 3:00 p.m., to drive to his son, Circulation Director of The Ameri- home. Apparently he diverged from his can Legion Magazine; and friends homeward route to take a walk in Holli- George Timmons and Thomas Harper. day Park in Indianapolis as part of his E. A. Blackmore, 1917-1967 Legion Past National Commanders doctor-prescribed recuperation program 5 in Torrington, Wyo., becoming for a who came to pay their last respects were: to strengthen his heart. He succumbed time its Post Service Officer. J. Addington Wagner (Mich.), John S. there while resting on a park bench. In 1948 he was appointed Department Gleason. Jr., (111.), Preston J. Moore The first WW2 veteran to be named Service Officer for the Wyoming Legion (Okla.). William R. Burke (Calif.), National Adjutant, "Blackie" served in and also served as Department Chairman Charles L. Bacon (Mo.), James E. Pow- that post since July 1, 1956. He was ap- of the Education of Orphans of Veterans ers (G;t.). Daniel F. Foley (Minn.), pointed by then National Commander J. Committee, and as Department Child Donald E. Johnson (Iowa), L. Eldon Addington Wagner (Mich.), and was Welfare Chairman. For a time he was James (Va.), James F. O'Neil (N.H.) the seventh man to serve as National also a contact officer for the Veterans and George N. Craig (Ind.). Adjutant in the 48-year history of The Administration. Also present among the honorary pall- American Legion. Before that he had Other national offices held during his bearers was Legion Past National Ad- served in his first national Legion posi- career: National Finance Commission jutant Henry H. Dudley. tion as Assistant National Adjutant, having been appointed to that position Jan- uary by then National 5, 1953, Com- Statement of National Commander on Death of E. A. Blackmore mander Lewis K. Gough (Calif.), whom The hearts of all he had served as aide. American Legionnaires are saddened with the news of the death of our beloved National Born August 23, 1917, in Rawlins, Adjutant E. A. (Blackie) Blackmore. We who have had the privilege of being Wyo., Blackmore was educated in pub- closely associated with him knew him as a devoted and hard working lic schools in Baggs and later attended administrator who also took the time to share the concerns of his fellow the University of Wyoming at Laramie. workers. The American Legion has suflfered a great loss, and I have lost a close friend From 1939 to 1943 he worked in the personal in the passing of Mr. Blackmore. On behalf of all American Legionn3Tr§s everywhere, exten'd heartfelt State of Wyoming Treasurer's office. He we our sympathies to Mrs. served with the U.S. Navy from 1943 to Blackmore and to their children. 1946, spending some of his time over- John E. Davis seas, and later joined Travis Snow Post

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 33 NEWS. Boy Wins American Legion reports that the champion almost de- Texas cided not to compete in the very first round of the contest at the local level, National Oratorical Championship but she was able to persuade him to continue, The 16-year-oId son of a U.S. Army Alan was sponsored by Business and career Sgt. Major serving with the 507th Professional Men's Post 1 0 of the Ameri- Signal Corp Battalion in Da Nang. South can Legion, San Antonio, Vietnam, has won the 30th annual Before taking the top prize at Lincoln, American Legion National High School Keyes won local contests, his department Oratorical Contest and the $4,000 col- contest, the Regional 6 trial, and the Sec- lege scholarship that goes with it in national B oratory. tional finals conducted at Lincoln North Alan will appear at the National Con- East H.S., Lincoln, Neb., on April 13, vention in Boston, Mass., Aug. 25-31. 1967. The other three finalists who shared Alan L. Keyes, the son of Sgt. Major the remaining $4,000 in college scholar- and Mrs. Allison L. Keyes of San An- ships: tonio, Tex., and a junior at Robert G. • Second place winner is Joseph P, Cole H.S. of that city, bested three other McCaffrey, Jr,. 17, a senior from Our finalists with his prepared oration en- Lady of Good Counsel H.S.. Wheaton, titled "The Blessings of Liberty. The Md. He won a $2,500 college scholarship Blessings of Life." and took the largest and plans, after attending Harvard Uni- share of the Legion-provided $8,000 in versity, to go into law or teaching. cash scholarships. Sponsored by Wheaton Post 268 of In winning the contest, young Keyes Wheaton, Md., young McCaffrey worked established two marks. He is the first his way up to the Sectional A champion- Negro to win the coveted national ora- ship before coming to the national finals. torical title, although others of his race The son of Lt. Col. and Mrs. Joseph P. 1967 Nat'l Oratorical Champ Alan Keyes. have reached the final round since the McCaffrey of Silver Spring, Md., he was national contests began back in 1938. In provide an atmosphere in which the born in Tokyo, Japan. Joseph won his addition, he is the youngest winner thus members of a society can go about those varsity letter in tennis and participates far in the history of the finals, dethroning pursuits which lead eventually to their in speech and debating, is editor of his U.S. Senator Frank Church, Jr., of betterment." school newspaper, treasurer of the Po- Idaho, who won the contest in 1941 at Born in New York City, the Legion's litical Science Club, member of the Na- Charlestown. S.C. Though both Keyes 1967 oratorical champion is vice presi- tional Honor Society, Guitar Club and and the Senator won at age 16, the cur- dent of the Student Council at his high Tutoring Club. • rent winner was junior by a few weeks school where he is also president of the Third place winner is Eric A. De- at the time of the contest. Choralairs vocal group and vice presi- Groff, 17, a senior at Washington H.S., In his oration Keyes stressed the need dent of the National Honor Society. He Kansas City, Kans., where he lives with

for maintenance of an orderly society if participates in track, the Language Club, his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Roy A. De- the members of that society are to reap debating team. Science Club and Chess Groff. Eric plans to use his $1,000 schol- its benefits. "The purposes of govern- Club. He has his sights set on Harvard arship prize at Kansas U. and presently ment are plain," he said. "It must first University with an eventual career in law is considering teaching as a career. provide for order derived primarily from and politics. Asked who his idol was, he The Sectional C winner is treasurer laws or other regulations meant to limit named U.S. Senator Edward W. Brooke of the Future Teachers Ass'n. a member the activities of those within a society to of Massachusetts, who is the first Negro of his Student Council, a reporter for his the performance of those actions which in the Senate since Reconstruction days. high school radio station (WHB), repre-

will not harm its other members. But His speech coach. Miss Linda Salin- sentative to and president of the National even more than this a government must ger, accompanied him to the finals and Forensic League, Key Club member. Na- tional Honor Society member and a three-year letterman in debating. He also lettered in tennis in his junior year. Eric was sponsored by Quindaro Post 199 of the American Legion, Kansas City.

• Fourth place winner is Bernd M. Kutzcher, a 17-year-old senior at Notre Dame H.S., Sherman Oaks. Calif. His prize is a $500 college scholarship. The Sectional D winner was sponsored by Amelia Earhart Post 678 of Sherman Oaks, Calif., where he lives with his parents. Dr. and Mrs. E. W. Kutzscher. Bernd is secretary-treasurer of the Student Council, president of the Na- tional Forensic League, vice president of the California Scholarship Federation, Oratorical finalists: (I. to r.) Joseph P. McCaffrey, Jr., Md., 2nd place, $2,500; editor of Eric A. DeGroff. Kans., 3rd place, $1,000; Bernd M. Kutzscher, Calif., 4th place, $500. treasurer of the Key Club and

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 NEWS

Kansas American Legion Holds Mass Initiation For Vietnam Era Veterans

At a recent ceremony in Wichita, Kans., 62 Vietnam Era veterans were initiated into The American Legion. This is the largest reported mass initiation of these younger ex-servicemen since the Legion voted to open its ranks to Vietnam Era Vets at the 1966 National Convention. Later, in another ceremony. National Commander John E. Davis (left, in inset photo at right) presented charter to the first and (thus far) only Legion post in the nation composed entirely of Vietnam Era veterans. Others (I to r): Frank Naylor, National Viet-vet subcommittee chairman; Robert Houk, first Kansas Viet-vet Legionnaire, and Mike Seis, first commander of the new post.

his school magazine. He is also active Award to General McConnell concentrating forces for surprise attacks, in soccer, basketball and baseball and is using base camps for rest and resupply, Gen. John P. McConnell, Chief of considering law as a career after studies using concealment afforded by terrain, Staff, United States Air Force, was given either at Stanford or Harvard. darkness and bad weather, and infiltra- the Gen. Wm. Mitchell Memorial Award Since 1938, The American Legion has tion of men and supplies into South Viet- by Aviators Post 743, New York City, provided more than $2 1 ,000 in cash nam. He said airpower has successfully 1 for "outstanding leadership of the na- scholarships on the national level. countered each enemy tactic. Many tion's aerospace forces and his extensive more thousands of dollars in cash and General McConnell has been made a contributions to the strength, security scholarships have been awarded by other Life Member of Post 743. and welfare of the United States." The levels of the Legion. presentation was made by Gen. Leon W. The oratorical contests are under the No. Platte Canteen—Remember? Johnson, USAF (Ret.), who at one period sponsorship of the National American- are being revived of the was General McConnell's superior. Memories ism Division of the Legion and are de- North Platte, Neb., Canteen, General McConnell listed four major WW2 signed to increase student interest and which served more than six million mili- guerrilla tactics used by the communists: knowledge of the U.S. Constitution. tary personnel passing through on troop

Other objectives of the contest are to trains from Dec. 17, 1941, to April 1, develop leadership, the ability to think 1946. The Canteen has been reopened, and to speak clearly as well as inteUi- as part of the Nebraska Centennial, for gently, and the preparation for the ac- the periods of May 26-June 1, June 30- ceptance of duties, responsibilities, rights July 6, and July 28-Aug. 3. and privileges of American citizenship. Located in the Union Pacific RR De- The new oratorical champion will also pot, the Canteen operation was sup- receive the American Academy of ported by 125 Western Nebraska and Achievement's Golden Plate Award for Colorado communities which contrib- 1967 at the Academy's Annual Salute uted nearly $140,000, exclusive of the to Excellence which will be held later inestimable amounts, of food and other this month in Dallas, Tex. Air Force Chief McConnell (left) honored. gifts. {Continued on page 38)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 35 The 48^*^ National Executive

The 48th National Executive Committee of The American Legion held its annual spring meeting at National Headquarters in Indianapolis, Ind., as this issue went to press. Shown on these two pages are the 1966-67 representatives. Of the 65 members, 58 are from state and foreign departments and were elected by their department conventions. The remaining seven are the elected national officers: The Na- tional Commander, five National Vice Commanders, and the National Chaplain. The National Commander serves as chairman of the Committee. Living Past National Commanders (not shown) are also life members but without vote.

John E. Davis Rev. Fr. A. J. O'Driscoll, O.F.M. National Commander National Chaplain

Hugh W. Overton George Petrovich Robert E. Cockrill Ulys. A. Lovell William K. Kreitz Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California

Arthur M. MacCarthy Walter E. Lindquist W. 0. Harreli Wallace C.S. Young Bob W. Knudsen Karl Yost Florida France Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois

Maurice R. Parisien Robert E. L Eaton Gabriel T. Olga Harry Wright John M. Carey Eugene V. Lindquist Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico Michigan Minnesota

William G. McKinley, N. J. W. Peter McAtee Louis E. Drago Leroy S. Lakey Patrick T. Milloy Joseph S. Deutschle, Sr. Died April 30, 1967 New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio

John A. Ryer E. Roy Stone Glenn R. Green Roscoe D. Curtiss J. Walter Janko William E. Christoffersen Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 Committee of The American Legion

Lewis W. Emerich Robert M. Fritz Harry V. Klein , J r. Frank L. Orfanello James A. Tadlock National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander

Cooper L. Williams Robert Grauberger Joseph G. Leonard Frank A. Lucia John J. Finn Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia

Robert L. Kuntz Robert Lounsberry Sexson E. Humphreys U. S. Grant Kenneth Fern Henry B. Clay Indiana Iowa Italy Kansas Kentucky Louisiana

Ralph M. Godwin Frank H. Strong William A. Lindsay Jerome Henn Thomas W. Miller Raymond F. Mudge Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

Gene Hassman William Stevens Romeo J. Routhier Daniel A. Drew Robert 0. Phillips Gllberto M. Font Oklahoma Oregon Panama Canal Zone Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico

Ray Greenwood Dr. Thomas H. S. Aiden F. Russell L. 0. Bickel Frank R. Schneider C. B. Metz Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 37 NEWS

When first opened, the Canteen was the Canteen have the big station lunch- The Legion For Law & Order located in the Cody Hotel. Later, rail- room which had been closed for several Legion groups everywhere are show- road men provided a small shack to store years? Jeffers readily agreed. The current ing their gratitude to Police Departments its Pacific, supplies. One day. Miss Rae Wilson president of the Union E. H. for their continuing efforts in maintain- saw William Jeffers, president of the Un- Bailey, is Honorary Chairman of the ing law and order in the face of astonish- ion Pacific, strolling on the platform. Canteen Reunion. General Chairman is ing public apathy and resentment. She marched up and asked, please, could Clarence Frazier. The Dep't of Minnesota's Law & Or- der Committee, headed by Hennepin County Attorney George M. Scott, is pressing to get six bills through the state Alvin M. Owsley, Past National legislature, feeling that "the revision of certain antiquated and illogical criminal Commander, Dies in Dallas at 78 laws would be realistic help in alleviating some of the problems in the field." Alvin M. Owsley, of Dallas, Texas, as minister to Rumania (1933), the Irish Post 1361, Syracuse, N.Y., gave $900 a founder and Past Nat'l Cmdr of The Free State (1935), and Denmark (1937) to the police two-year scholarships and American Legion (1922-23), and an by appointment of President Franklin $600 to the sheriff's educational ad- D. Roosevelt. vancement program. Born in Denton, Texas, he graduated Among the posts recently giving Le- from Virginia MiHtary Institute in 1909 gion National Certificates of Achieve- as first captain of his class and from the Univ. of Texas in 1912 with a law degree. He served as a member of the Texas Legislature (1912-14), Denton Co. District Attorney (1915-17), and as Texas Assistant Attorney General (1919- 20). Within a month after America's entry into the first World War, he became a student, then instructor, at Officers Training Corps camps in Texas. Early in WWl, Mr. Owsley was com- missioned a major upon graduation from How- Officers' training camp. He helped to or- Post 63, Westport, Conn.: Post Cmdr ard Plasan, Dep't Cmdr Henry Bioglowey, ganize a battalion in the 36th Infantry Westport Police Chief Samuel Luciano, Alvin M. Owsley addressing the Legion's Division at Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, and Westport Police Capt. Louis Rosenau 1964 Nat'l Convention in Dallas, Texas. Texas, and sailed for France in July ment to Police Dep't members are: Post Honorary Vice Chairman of the 50th 1918, in advance of his division. Eventu- 333, Chicago, 111., and Post 63, West- Anniversary Committee, died at his ally, he was promoted to lieutenant col- port, Conn., both of which also gave a home on the morning of April 3. He was onel and named adjutant of his division, plaque (Post 63 gave out "Maintain Law 78. which participated in the Aisne-Cham- & Order" bumper stickers at its birthday Owsley was a leader in The American paigne and Meuse-Argonne offensives. party); Post 459, Grand Rapids, Mich.; Legion from its birth. He was at the In 1923. he supported France's occu- Post 159. Venice, Fla.; Post 300. New founding caucus in Paris in March 1919. pation of the Ruhr in a dispute with Market. Iowa; Post 211, Florence. Wis.; A powerful orator, courtly or forceful Germany concerning war reparations. Post 292. Albany, Calif.; Post 16, Stock- as the occasion demanded, a dedicated He was named a Commander of France's ton. Calif.: Post 40, Ridgefield Park. American, a successful attorney, he pro- Legion of Honor, the first foreigner so pelled himself to the fore on his own decorated by a joint recommendation. abundant energy and dedication to be Mr. Owsley was nominated by President named National Commander at New Alexandre Millerand and Marshal Fer- Orleans in 1922. He had already served dinand Foch, Supreme Allied Com- as the infant Legion's third Director of mander at the end of WWl. Americanism activities. Active in civic affairs, Mr. Owsley He played a dominant role in major was a director of the Ball Bros. Co. of debates at National Conventions and in Muncie, Ind., and of the Business and the Executive Committee through the Professional Men's Insurance Co. of years. He was a past president of the So- Dallas. ciety of the Founders of The American When Mr. Owsley left Bucharest in Legion. In 1943 he was chairman of an 1935 as U.S. Minister, he won this trib- endowment fund to raise money for acute from Rumanian Foreign Minister celerated Americanism activities. At the Nicholas Titulescu: "American diplom-

46th National Convention in his home acy always carries with it an engaging town of Dallas in 1964, Owsley was the smile, frankness, directness and effi- Post 159, Venice, Fla.: Post Cmdr Robert Becker and Police Chief John Shockey tireless president of the Convention ciency which is very refreshing." Corporation. Survivors include his widow, the for- N.J.; Post 364, Fort Dearborn, Mich.; Seriously considered in 1924 for the mer Miss Lucina Ball; two sons, Alvin Post 10. Barre, Vt.: Post 162, Deerfield Democratic nomination for United States M., Jr., and Thomas David; and a daugh- Beach. Fla.; Posts 161. Wexford, 693, Vice President, he served successively ter, Mrs. Joseph Garrett. Wellington, and 234, Souderton, Pa.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1967 NEWS

"would fall heaviest" on those whose a life member of the post, who had letters are most welcome to our fighting headed a number of projects at Cedar- men in Southeast Asia. crest. The effort was a project of the post's Child Welfare Committee, headed The American Legion's highest Nat'l by Vic Zelasny. Heroism Award, signed by Nat'l Cmdr Davis, was presented by the Dep't of Alabama recently to two key figures in the terrible fire which engulfed Dale's Penthouse Restaurant in Montgomery on Feb. 7. Mrs. Rose Ellen Doane, a wait-

Post 292, Albany, Calif.: Chief of Police Ralph Jenson, Adjutant Charles A. Lindh

Post 71 (All-women), Tucson, Ariz., honored two outstanding women police officers, Evelyn Ward and Mrs. Kather- ine Bedient, with certificates.

Post 237, Troy, N.Y., started its campaign by presenting the "Maintain Law & Order" stickers to city officials. Post Hospital vets get bikes from Post 5, N.Y.

Heroism and tragedy in Alabama fire Post 5, Bronx, N.Y., interrupted a drive for new members to give two bicycle ex- ress, and Jesse Williams, the chef, each ercisers to the Corrective Therapy sec- saved a number of lives by direct action. tion of the Four Chaplains pool in the Mrs. Doane was killed in the fire. Dep't Kingsbridge VA Hospital. Past Cmdr Cmdr J. D. Myers presented the certifi- Murray Marrits made the presentation. cates to Williams and to Jack Doane, husband of the late Mrs. Doane. In the

photo above are (I. to rt.): Dep't Cmdr Myers, Williams, Doane, and Montgom- ery City Commissioner L. B. Sullivan.

Post 10, Barre, Vt: Mrs. L. J. Mooney, Police Capt. Lawrence J. Mooney, Nat'l In reply to a suggestion by a Navy man Cmdr John Davis, Post VC R. Gosselin that The Courier-Journal & Times of Louisville, Ky., send sport news to ser- 357, St. Louis, Mo., invited a high police vicemen, the newspaper now sends regu- official who gave an informative talk on larly to and Southern Indiana police problems and what the police are Kentucky service personnel in Vietnam a special doing to solve them. Post 111, Cincin- condensed, double sports page. The re- nati, Ohio, formed a committee to show Congressman John P. Saylor (Pa., right), sponse has been ecstatically appreciative. the film, "Every Hour, Every Day," in member of the House Veterans Affairs L. Head, who sent the origi- Glenn USN, Committee, gets a Legion Distinguished nal request letter, wrote, "I am so proud Service Plaque, for his efforts on behalf of of my state I could burst. Without people veterans, from Post 95, Brockway, Cmdr John McNulty. Said JPS: "It's my first!" like you, I don't know what people like us would do." "I believe that Legionnaires possess an POSTS IN ACTION influential voice that, in these critical times, could well be decisive," said Dr. John A. Hunter, president, Louisiana State Univ. & A & M College, to a meet- Post 364, Fort Dearborn, Mich.: Dearborn ing of University Post 58, Baton Rouge. Police Chief Jack O'Reilly, Police Corp. Albert Noce, and Post Cmdr Wm. Haycox "Legionnaires command a unique position of leadership, a position from which schools. Post 193, Mantua, Ohio, gave a their voices can become effective instru- flag to the Police Department. Post 68, ments in molding public opinion, in re- Hutchinson, Kan., in a Peace Officers uniting our nation and in restoring the Recognition Week, sought nominations term 'victory' to our national vocabu- of worthy officers for recognition from lary." citizens and organizations.

BRIEFLY NOTED The organizational meeting of the first The Kings County (New York City) Le- Veterans Administration American Le- Post 4, N.H., built a pony ring. gion has called for passage of a bill that gion Post, held in the auditorium of would provide for the delivery of first Members of Post 4, Keene, N.H., built Hines VA Hospital, Chicago, was at- class mail to our armed forces in Viet- a 100x80-foot pony ring at the Cedar- tended by Nat'l Cmdr John E. Davis and nam without charge. County Cmdr crest Home for Handicapped Children in Dep't Cmdr Frederick (Bud) Merritt. George Gaffney pointed out that the pro- Westmoreland. The ring was dedicated The post will be the Lt. Edward Hines, posed increase in general postal rates to the memory of the late Max Kapiloff, Jr., Post. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 39 :

For 40 years, two large Pennsylvania from the City of New York, has assumed chartered the following new posts: posts. Frankford Post 211 and German- his new duties. In the City Government Motorola Post 78, Phoenix, Ariz.; town Post 3, have held an annual ex- he had been with both the Investigations Charlie Black Post 263, Immokalee, Fla.; change of visits, each unit's members Division and the Welfare Dep't. Whitfield Post 260, Dalton, Ga.; Ketter- attending a meeting of the other's post. ing Post 598, Kettering, Ohio; Ricardo The visits have become more than per- Carl V, Ragsdale, of Post 293, Maiden, Arroyo Laracuente Post 132, Dorado, functory, and visitors have even slipped Mo., president of Sun Dial Films, Inc., P.R.; Houston Fire Fighters Post 341, in an occasional "Aye" or "Nay" vote to winner of the Academy Award for the Houston, Tex.; and Pipe Creek-Lake help or hinder a motion. Friendships best short documentary film, "A Year Hills Post 410, Pipe Creek, Tex. have deepened and the two groups oft- Toward Tomorrow." He received word Also, Grand Junction Post 200, Grand of the award by hydrophone while film- Junction, Colo.; H. Lowell Shaffer Post ing underwater off Nassau, Bahamas. 138, Inkom, Idaho; Joliet Post 1284, The film was made for the Office of Eco- Joliet, 111.; Robert Moore Post 326, Liv- nomic Opportunity's VISTA. Mr. Rags- ingston, Ky.; Westlake Post 370, West- dale also produced "The American Navy lake, La.; Jackson-Reed Post 215, Lum- In Vietnam." berton, Miss.; Roy Frick Booher Post 325, Cowansville, Pa.; Philadelphia Po- licemen's Post 937, Philadelphia, Pa.; Harry B, Henderson, of Cheyenne, Wyo., Northside Post 356, Houston, Tex.; a member of the Nat'l Contests Super- Corpus Christi Post 470, Corpus Christi, visory Committee, Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr Tex.; and Bromley Berkley Post 133, (1931), Past Nat'l Executive Committee- Frederiksted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands man ( 1 927), and Past Dep't Cmdr (1925). (Dep't of Puerto Rico).

Merle P. Briggs, of Silver City, N. Mex., OUTFIT REUNIONS Past Dep't Cmdr (1947-48). Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particulars, write person whose address is given. When two Pa. posts get together . . . Harrold L. Card, of Owaneco, 111., who Notices accepted on official form only. For form send stamped, addressed return envelope with three other Legionnaires began the times have aided each other's projects. to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, first American Legion Boys' State pro- 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices For the 40th anniversary joint session should be received at least five months before gram in 1934. Begun in Illinois, it was the speaker was Past Nat'l Cmdr James scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary to get form. taken as a model for the present 50-state F. O'Neil, publisher of The American Earliest submission favored when volume of Legion Magazine. In the above photo of program. requests is too great to print all. a silver tray presentation to Mr. O'Neil ARMY Rt. Rev. Msgr. Edward J. Smith, of are. 1. to rt.: Past Dep't Cmdr John F. 1st Div— (Aug.) Arthur L. Chaitt, 5 Montgom- Sioux City, Iowa, Past Nat'l Chaplain ery Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19118 Stay, Mr. O'Neil, Post 3 Adjutant Frank 1st Inf Reg't, Co H— (Aug.) Wm. J. Corteville. (1945-46). 13122 8th St., Grandview, Mo. 64030 C. Kappler, and Post 21 1 Past Cmdr B. 2nd Arm'd Dlv— (Aug.) Ted Engell, 633 Harper Frank Hendricks. Ave.. Drexel Hill, Pa. 19026 NEW POSTS 4th Missouri Inf, Co H (WWl)— (Aug.) Forrest The American Legion has recently G. Stith 209 Brush Creek Blvd., Kansas City, PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Mo. 64112 6th Eng (WWD— (Aug.) Eric A. Scott. 2122 Thomas O. Givan, of Post 3, Ketchikan, THE AMERICAN LEGION O'Day Rd., Fort Wayne, Ind. 46808 Alaska, named director of Alaska's Divi- NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 9th Arm'd Div, 14th Tank Bn, Co B— (Aug.) MARCH 31, 1967 Edward Zuk, 1144 Sycamore St., Wyandotte, sion of Veterans Affairs by Gov. Walter ASSETS Mich. 17th Field Art'y, Bat C— (Aug.) Frank Fon- J. Hickei. Another Post 3 member, Wal- Ca^h on hand and on Deposit S 2,468,345.92 240,296.29 tanesi. 311 Locust St., Jeannette, Pa. 15644 ter Kubley, named deputy commissioner 430,893.31 20th, inist, 1340th Combat Eng Bns— (Aug.) 2,880,874.48 George F. Rankin, 5711 Ave. H., Brooklyn. of Alaska's Dep't of Commerce. Trust Funds N.Y. 11234 Overseas Graves Decoration 21st Avn Eng (WW2)— (Sept.) Richard H. Trust Fund 289,345.88 Selak, 1070 Kelly Dr., York. Pa. 17404 Glenn M. Dugger, named adjutant of the Employees Retirement 26th Div— (Aug.) Angelo J. Mantenuto, P.O. Trust Fund 3,910,864.59 4,200,210.47 Box 67 Astor Sta., Boston, Mass. 02123 Dep't of Iowa, effective July 1, upon Miller 821,521.81 29th Div— (Sept.) John J. Gavin. 7412 Ave., Upper Darby, Pa. 19082 the retirement of R. J. Laird. Dugger. Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 227,507.96 Millas. 68,287.00 33rd Cav, Tp A— (Aug.) William A. who moves up from assistant adjutant, Ovid, N.Y. $11,337,937.24 51st Pioneer Inf (WWl)— (Sept.) Otto Rauch. in as- joined the Department 1947 as an LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE 186 Adams St., Delmar, N.Y. 12054 sistant Dep't Service Officer. & NET WORTH 54th Ammo Train (WWl)— (Aug.) Oscar F. 531,944.16 Bohman, 1040 14V2 St., Rock Island, 111. 61201 26,919.87 61st CAC— (Aug.) J. W. Groover, 1919 Bull St.. 2,216,885.50 Savannah. Ga. 31401 Dr, Michael J. Chakeres, of London, Trust Funds : 66th Art'y CAC (WWl)— (July) George A. Ohio, Dep't Cmdr, given the Rotary Overseas Graves Decoration Duval, Box 303, Woonsocket. R.I. 02895 Trust Fund 289,345.88 69th Div & Att Units— (Aug.) Harry G. Austin. Club's Service Above Self award for Employees Retirement Jr., P.O. Box 1. Mars. Pa. 16046 Trust 3,910,864.59 4.200,210.47 75th Div— (Aug.) Palmer Sferry, 449 Carey 1967 in recognition of his services to the Fund Jay Blvd., Richmond Heights. Ohio 44124 Net Worth : town. Reserve Fund 443,197.11 78th Div— (Aug.) Alexander Mose, 1015 Wood- Restricted Fund 1,058,341.12 mere Dr., Keyport. N.J. 07721 Real Estate 821.521.81 87th Div— (Sept.) Harry Petraitis, 7159 S. Campbell Ave., Chicago, 111. 60629 Daniel J. O'Connor, of New York City, Reserve for Rehabilitation 412,835.59 88th Div, MP Cos A, B (WWl)— (Aug.) Albert chairman of the Nat'l Americanism Reserve for J. Meyer, Box 1125, Cumberland. Iowa 50843 114.431.29 103rd QM Reg't, 728th Ord Co & Co E— (Aug.> Commission, appointed Special Assistant Child Welfare Reserve for Convention.. 60,000.00 Samuel T. Kessel, R.D. 3, Gettysburg, Pa. to the Director of Engineering & Facili- Reserve for Mail List 105th AAA AW Bn— (June) Anthony E. Fili- Conversion 43,493.89 berto. 6511 Argonne Blvd., New Orleans, La. ties, New York Region, U.S. Post Office Reserve for 50tii 70015 121.376.50 110th Inf, Service Co— (Aug.) George G. Sebey, Dep't., embracing the State of New York, Anniversary 3,075,200.31 P.O. Box 41. Scottdale. Pa. 15683 Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mr. Unrestricted Capital 1,286,776.93 4,361,977.24 112th Inf, Anti-Tank Co— (Aug.) Wilfred J. 111 Bissell Ave., Oil City, Pa. $11,337,937.24 Eisenman, O'Connor, an attorney officially retired 16301 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J NE 1967 NEWS

112th QM, Co F (WW2)— (Aug.) Paul E. Zieg- NAVY Herbert Jerman and John Sena (both 1966). enfelder, Box 141, St. Marys, Ohio 45885 Post 43, Florham Park, N.J. 29th Seabees— (Aug.) Robert LePere, 211 Plum 135th Inf, Co E— (Aug.) A. H. Porisch, Jackson, Gregory O. Porral Clarence St., East St. Louis, 111. and W. Robinson Minn. 56143 and Frank 66th Seabees— (Sept.) John E. Chandler, Mc- Rossi and Michael A. Tierno (all 149th Assoc (Formerly 149th Inf Reg't, WW2)— Lemoresville, Tenn. 38235 1966), Post 271, Berlin, N.J. (Aug.) Marion F. Williams, 2005 Dr., Redleaf 87th Seabees— (Aug.) Andy High, 17 S. Maple Irving L. Crandall and Floyd J. Faulkner Louisville, Ky. 40222 Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. 63119 and Frank G. Gere and John Gibbons (all 1967), 164th Inf, Co F— (June) John Paulson, Car- 104th Seabees— (Aug.) Walter Krapec, 6234 S. Post 92, Waterville, N.Y. rington, N. Dak. 58421 Komensky, Chicago, 111. 60629 William S. Tallmadge (1966), Post 221, Ithaca, 183rd Ord Depot Co— (Aug.) Herman Wenzel, CG Unit 348, Kangoku Iwo (Loran)— (Sept.) N.Y. 1537 W. 11th St., Waterloo, Iowa 50702 William R. Baker, 85 Birchwood Dr., North Nelson B. Delevan and Fred Fornesi and 190th Field Arfy— (July) Mel Sober, P.O. Box Kingstown, R. I. 02852 Thomas J. Riley (all 1966), Post 366, Seneca 361, Sunbury, Pa. 17801 Kearsarge Assoc.— (Aug.) John P. Cronin, 132 Falls, N.Y. Emerald St., Maiden, 02148 197th CA AA, Old Bat A (210th, 237th, 744th)— Mass. John H. Madigan and Louis J. Marasco and 19, Flotilla 7— (Aug.) Sid (Aug.) Richard J. Crane, Box 293, Concord, LST Gp O. Hopkins, Edward H. Masseth and Francis H. Matzat (all N.H. 03301 P.O. Box 1347, Fort Worth, Texas 76101 1966), Post 445, Rochester, N.Y. Marine 249th QM Bn— (Aug.) Wade S. Shaw, 1526 "C" 6th Reg, 96th Co (WWl)— (June) Wil- Walter Crane and George Denney and Win- liam J. Kirwin, 578 Wolcott Ave., Middle- St. N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002 slow Lyons (all 1966), Post 454, Dover Plains, town, R.I. 02840 272nd Inf. Co D— (July) Lowell Jackson, 4119 N.Y. Motor Torpedo Boat (Afloat & Ashore, WW2)— N. Timber Circle^ Peoria, 111. Loyal J. Beardsley (1966), Post 504, Au Sable (Sept.) J. Newberry, 311th Field Art'y, Bat D (WWl)— (Aug.) Phil M. P.O. Box 202, Mem- Forks, N.Y. phis, Tenn. 38101 Cusick, 342 Ridge St., Kingston, Pa. 18704 Francis D. Meehan (1965) and John Nance Patrol Sqdn VP-211— ( Aug.) Pat Carisella, 215 327th Field Art'y (WWl)— (Sept.) Charles A. (1966), Post 1024, Bronx, N.Y. Nahant St., Wakefield, Mass. 01880 Campbell, 407 S. Cherokee St., Taylorville, Walter A. Schneider (1964) and Arthur L. USS Alhena (AKA-9)— ( Aug.) M. A. Logan, 111. 62568 Ghee and Pliilip E. DePuy and Katherine M. 11400 Haskell Ave., Granada Hills, Calif. 332nd Inf (WWl)— (Sept.) James A. Richards, Howell (all 1966), Post 1302, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. USS Delta (AR 9)— (Aug.) Howard Van Sciver, 434 S. Portage Path, Akron, Ohio 44320 James M. Dwyer and John C. McGuire and 2034 E. Lansing St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19152 342nd Inf, Co D— (June) Kenneth R. Schlau- Hon. James M. Hanley and Francis W. Walsh USS LST 395— (Sept.) Frank A. Gaeta, 316 E. draff, 15607 Paulina Ave., Harvey, 111. 60426 (all 1966), Post 1361, Syracuse, N.Y. Santa Fe, Olathe, Kans. 66061 342nd Inf, HQ Co (WWl)— (Sept.) John A. Bertice A. Rees Post Albany, USS Thomas Jefferson (APA 30)— (Aug.) Jo- (1966), 1708, Stienecker, 616 Maple Ave., Belvidere, 111. N.Y. seph A. Nastasi, 47 Main St., South Acton, 61008 Olaf Norgaard Post Mass. 01720 (1967), 60, Valley City, 346th Eng Reg't, Co D— (July) S. Thomas N. Dak. U.S. Submarine Veterans (Aug.) Joseph H. Stathes, 10506 Connecticut Ave., Kensington, — William H. Ector and Brazier C. Small (both Surges, Box 164, Dumont, N.J. 07628 Md. 1966), Post Salem, Ore. USS Ulvert M. Moore (DE 442)— (Aug.) Carl 9, 348th Sta Hosp— (Sept.) Milt Bloomquist, P.O. P. M. Blenkinsop (1966), Post 165, Portland, L. Knight, 1305 Rd., Hill, Box 262, Lansing, Mich. 48902 Mt. Gallant Rock Ore. S.C. 29730 349th Inf, Co H (WWl)— (Aug.) John J. Tray, Robert C. Kreglow and Robert C. Warke 1617 E. Main St., Ottumwa, Iowa 52501 (both 1966), Post 739, Hokendauqua, Pa. 355th Inf (WWl)— (Sept.) Carl E. Schaetzle, AIR Arthur W. Donahue (1966), Post 25, Provi- 1908 "S" St., Omaha, Nebr. 68107 22nd Bomb Gp— (Aug.) Bob Marshall, 16516 dence, R.I. 381st, 659th QM Truck Cos— (Aug.) Ray S. Brenden La., Oak Forest, 111. 60452 William H. Sherrill and Martin B. Smith and Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 38th Fighter Sqdn— (July) L. W. McCreight, Clyde H. Still and W. M. ToUey (all 1966), Post 486th AAA Bn— (Aug.) Dominic Rizzo, 237 6804 N. Swift Blvd., Portland, Ore. 97203 43, Tullahoma, Tenn. Preston St., Hartford, Conn. 312th Bomb Gp— (Aug.) Paul M. Stickel, 1136 Sealmore C. Bloxom and John S. Whealton 602nd, 705th, 811th Tank Dest Bns— (Aug.) Ray Gray Ave., Greenville, Ohio 45331 (both 1966), Post 159, Chincoteague, Va. S. Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 371st Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Sept.) T. W. Bryan, W. H. Gammon (1967), Post 229, Rural Re- 612th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug.) Jack Flanagan, Box 192, Bowman, Calif. 95707 treat, Va. 101 S. Meadow Dr., Glen Burnie, Md. 21061 374th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Sept.) Conrad Fri- Benjiman H. Fahrner (1966), Post 252, Mon- 699th Ord HM Co (Tk)— (Aug.) Kenneth G. day, 224 E. Oak Ave., Moorestown, N.J. 08057 tross, Va. Hull, 8108 Latania Dr., Pleasure Ridge Park, 463rd Sub Depot— (July) James Findley, Asa B. Hilton and Alfred B. Johnson and Ky. 40258 Sutersville, Pa. 15083 Mons Rod and Worth Stoneburner and Robert 713th Flame Throwing Tank Bn— (Aug.) Ray 487th Bomb Gp— (Sept.) Arthur W. Silva, 1002 U. Twigg (all 1966), Post 15, Kent, Wash. S. Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 N. Rosiland Dr., Santa Maria, Calif. Harold McConkey (1967), Post 79, Snoqual- 743rd Tank Bn— (Aug.) Karl R. Mory, 2617 mie. Wash. 12th Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn. 55407 MISCELLANEOUS George Hodson and Paul Younger (both 778th Tank Bn— (Aug.) Ray S. Buch, P.O. Box 1966), Post 91, Burlington, Wash. Canadian (Sept.) 108, Pittstown, N.J. 08867 WAC— Mrs. Shirley Heesaker, Kenneth Andrae and Issiah Beck and Harvey 201 Niagara St., Toronto 2B, Ont. 808th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug.) Chet Norwin, Canada P. Behrend and E. K. Boiler (all 1966), Post 20290 Conley St., Detroit, Mich. 48234 Co I, (WW2)— (June) Ira A. Keeney, 521 N. 294, Hartland, Wis. 861st Eng, Co C— (Aug.) Daniel Antonacci, 1504 2nd St., Wahpeton, N. Dak. N. Salina St., Syracuse, N.Y. 13208 Life Memberships are accepted for publica- 991st, 995th, 996th Treadway Bridge Eng— LIFE MEMBERSHIPS tion only on an official form, which we provide. (Aug.) Ray S. Buch, P.O. Box 108, Pittstown, Reports received only from Commander, Ad- The award of a life membership to a Legion- N.J. 08867 jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Evac Hosp 13 (WWl)— (Sept.) Leo J. Bellg, the life membership. know him best that he has served The Ameri- 808 Ash St., Toledo, Ohio 43611 They may get form by sending stamped, self- can Legion well. Truck Assembly Plant 2 (Iran, WW2)— (Aug.) addressed return envelope to: Below are listed some of the previously un- John M. Mcintosh, 928 Wright Ave., Toledo, "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 published life membership Post awards that Ohio 43609 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. have been reported to the editors. They are On a comer of the return envelope write the arranged by States or Departments. number of names you wish to report. No written letter necessary to get forms. COMRADES IN DISTRESS W. R. Knudsen (1966), Post 134, Homewood, Readers who can help these comrades Ala. are Byron Galloway urged to do so. and Floyd Harris (both 1966), Post 313, Pencil Bluff, Ark. American Legion Life Insurance Notices are run at the request of The Ameri- Madeline De Fussi (1964) and August H. Month Ending March 1967 can Legion Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission. 31, Hanold and Florian J. Sauer and Kenneth T. They are not accepted from other sources. Thompson (all 1966), Post 283, Pacific Palisades, Benefits paid Jan. 1-Mar. 1967 Readers wanting Legion 31, $ 352,454 help with claims Calif. Benefits paid since April 1958 4,404,391 should contact their local service officers. Tom L. Allen (1964) and A. VoteUe Barron Basic Units in force (number) 142,483 Service officers unable to locate needed (1965) and Rachel Trice (1966), Post 81, Thom- New Applications approved since witnesses for claims development should refer aston, Ga. Jan. 1, 1967 1,855 the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation Commis- L. R. Earnest (1965) and Henry L. Winkles New Applications rejected 310 sion through normal channels, for further (1966) , Post 234, Bremen, Ga. search, before referral to this colimm. Frederick Kama and Eddie Ah Nee and John American Legion Life Insurance is an official Nua (all 1966), Post 17, Honolulu, Hawaii. program of The American Legion, adopted by Third Army, Ardennes, Dec. 1944—Need in- Louis A. WiUman (1966), Post 89, Metamore, the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is formation fast from men of the 567th AAA 111. reducing term insurance, issued on application, (Adams, AW Bn Johnson, Heindenreich, Lt. Urban Schwartz (1966), Post 252, Breese, 111. subject to approval based on health and em- McGuire and others) who knew WilUam R. Kenneth O. Holden (1964), Post 359, Chicago, ployment statement to paid up members of The Lint, to help him establish a claim for frozen American Legion. Death benefits range from feet. Write: William R. Lint, P.O. Box 708, Jesse McClelland and Dr. S. P. Oubre and $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in reduc- Harlan, Ky. 40831. Leslie Robertson and J. W. Richard (all 1965), ing steps with age to termination of insurance 772nd Tank Bn, Co B, Fort Leonard Wood, etc. Post 208, Vinton, La. at end of year in which 75th birthday occurs. (1942-45)—To help Wm. C. Honeycutt press Guy B. Mason, Sr. (1967), Post 164, Falmouth, For calendar year 1967 the 15% "across the a claim for shell shock, he needs information Maine. board" increase in benefits will continue to all from: Capt. Marion Compton (Co Cmdr), James A. Curran and John J. O'Connell (both participants in the group insurance plan. Avail- Irving Buckhyde, W. Raymond Davis, Har- 1966), Post 24, Canton, Mass. able in half and full units at a flat rate of $12 land Holmes, Herbert Firth, Sgt Joseph Beav- CUiford W. ColUns (1966), Post 188, Sand- or $24 a year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated ers, Sgt Cole, Lt Morgan, Lt Ryan, and Lt wich, Mass. during the first year at $1 or $2 a month for Col McClelland. Write to: Walter Tross, Frederic B. Grimes and William S. Hawkes insurance approved after January 1. Under- Dep't Service Officer, The American Legion, and Leslie L. Hobbs and Joseph Jeleniewski written by two commercial life insurance com- Rm 1020, 550 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio (all 1966), Post 373, Baldwinville, Mass. panies, American Legion Insurance Trust Fund 45202. Vem K. Archer (1967), Post 20, Pontiac, managed by trustee John operating under the laws of Kennedy, T/5, 13th Arm'd Div, 59th Mich. Missouri. No other insurance may use the Arm'd Inf Bat, Co C (between Rhine & Inn John V. Kuivinen (1958) and Jacob A. Kuts- full words "American Legion." Administered Rivers, April 1945)—Need information re dis- cher (1965), Post 469, Detroit, Mich. by The American Legion Insurance Depart- ability of Charles E. White. Write him at: Maxim Koprivica (1966), Post 525, St. Louis, ment. P. O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680. to Gen Del., Marietta, Ohio. Mo. which write for more details. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 41 WHY DO WE NEED THE CIA? established a "Watchdog Committee" in (Continued from page 11) February of 1956. It is composed of selected members of the Armed Services sons and motives of their own, virtually been an over-response to send in the Appropriations Committees, every peaceful American tactic in the Marines to topple the Communist regime and who everything the CIA does. Al- Cold War that is out in the open. of Arbenz, with all the attendant world know Thus the failure of a large section of outcry. There were enough Latins who though foes of the CIA in Congress com- the press and public to accord the gov- wanted to do the job, and their need was plain that a tiny handful of "watchdogs" ernment that voluntary secrecy, and san- not Marines or diplomats, but arms and in effect commit the entire Congress to ity of comment, that they do in a hot organization. what the agency is doing, their efforts to have always been war has only increased the need for a The same has so far applied to the break down the secrecy majority. secret agency. Laotian mountaineers. They are still rejected by the Congressional Since the generals in a cold war must standing fast with quiet American aid Today, the exposure of the student be the political leaders wearing another below the level of American troops. operation has severely crippled what had hat, there is actually no final solution to No other agency was fitted to assist been a useful program. American stu- this problem except a secret agency. For the escape of important and valuable dents in the flesh at Communist youth in their other capacity as political lead- people out of East Germany. That's a festivals neither looked nor talked like ers, the President and his cabinet are rightfully vulnerable to public comment. By the same token, many of the peaceful tactics of cold war are partly warfare that should be secret, and partly general public policy that should be wide open. Much of our assistance to foreign lands is humanitarian, serves peaceful purposes and would be carried out Cold War or no Cold War. As it also tends to un- dermine the Communist thrust, it is economic and political warfare too—and as such takes on new shapes and forms. In the end, there is no way to separate from, say, a Marshall Plan or a Truman Doc- trine or a Latin American Common Market those parts that are public property and those that are secret non-military warfare, except to lock up the secret "The sign . . . it's u part at the source, and hope that patri- otic Americans will respect it. THE AMERICAN I.EGION MAGAZINE WAY OUT of having a secret ONE de- agency whose doings are to be kept cloak-and-dagger deal that can't be the creatures that the Soviets were lands. from the press and the public would have planned with the New York Times look- scribing to their guests from other little magazine of been an "official secrets act," a law that ing over your shoulder, or some eager Ramparts, a slick, in California, blew the Britain would not be without. It would broadcaster anxious to show how much protest, published prohibit the press or public from discuss- he knows and to hell with the conse- lid off the CIA's financial support that the festivals. ing matters designated as vital to na- quences. got our young people to admitted that at Vienna, tional security. That would distinguish Yet it is one thing to say that the Presi- Even Ramparts the secrets themselves from the agency dent must have a secret agency at his in 1959. our wholly uninstructed young- life for the organ- itself. disposal, and another to say that in sters "made miserable in Hel- In 1947, Allen Dulles felt that an America there shall be no check or bal- izers." The same thing happened the only fes- American "official secrets act" was a ance on such a powerful weapon in the sinki, in 1962. Those were tried to operate necessity in the kind of struggle the Com- hands of the top Administration officials. tivals that the Soviets After Helsinki munists were forcing upon us. But out But how do you make the President outside the Iron Curtain. of deference to the First Amendment's and cabinet members answer to Congress they didn't venture another. guarantee of free speech and a free press, for the CIA and for the broad powers Thanks to Ramparts, any student who Congress refused to write such a law. granted them under "other functions" goes abroad from now on will probably a agent" by the Commu- In America, what the press knows, it without destroying the essential secrecy? be tabbed "CIA since the operation has can say. When secrecy is necessary to There is no full escape from this di- nists, although— the national security, the only solution lemma, although clamor for information been destroyed by exposure—President has ordered the CIA to stop is to keep it secret. about the CIA was inevitable. Such Johnson The Cold War also forced upon us a power and such secrecy don't sit well funding unofficial Americans abroad kind of operation that no other branch with Americans, whatever the need for through private grants. After 20 years, of the government was suited to carry them. The less we know about them, our answer to General Clay's plea fol- out or wanted to carry out, perhaps most the more uneasy we become. lowing the Berlin Airlift has been of which also had to be secret. A series of investigations by Congress wrecked by not enough secrecy. pieces Maneuvering behind the scenes to up- of all sorts of dark charges against the Rebuilding the shattered may inevitable. hold a government that the Communists CIA more than ten years ago led to be long and hard, but it seems Samuel are trying to topple may require forms of agreement that its operations were im- As New York Congressman Congressional support unsuited to the State Depart- perative, and that the CIA was effectively Stratton. one of the ment. under the President's control. Then, to "watchdogs." put it, "It's time we all grew Will we? THE END In Guatemala, in 1954, it would have keep a better eye on things, Congress up."

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1967 5

OUR "UNKNOWN" LUNG DISEASE city dwellers can also get the disease (Continued from page 14) from sources that call for a medical Sherlock Holmes to discover. Demoli- rest was the only acknowledged road to few years ago that the soil in public tion workers who tear down bridges, recovery. parks in Washington, D.C., is contami- church belfries and old buildings where While sulfonamides have been "help- nated by histo fungus living in starling birds have roosted can raise dust clouds ful" in mild cases, serious cases are now droppings. Today, histo is a well-docu- that infect themselves and the neighbor- sometimes treated with Amphotericin B, mented and important medical problem hood. an antifungal agent that may be effective. in Washington. In some Maryland and A 56-year-old resident of Memphis But it is one of those drugs that can have Virginia areas, 83% of the population suffered an acute and debilitating at- unwanted side effeqts. Its use requires showed positive serum tests seven years tack of histoplasmosis, and returned to hospitalization, as it must be introduced ago. into the blood stream daily over work six months later, after two periods a long When routine histo tests were of hospitalization. Only after the third period of time. When there is excessive scratched on one arm while tuberculosis lung damage from histo, surgery to re- round of questioning could the doctors tests were scratched on the other arm of discover an to move the fungus spores is incident explain the mas- sometimes school-children in Milan, Mich., in necessary. sive inhalation of fungus he must have 1958, the town was shocked to learn that taken in. He recalled that he had bought the histo infection rate in its school- RECOGNITION that histo can occur in some "topsoil" for his flower garden children was 62%, compared to 8% in towns, even coastal cities, and in in- from someone who was removing it from nearby rural communities. A farm dividual cases anywhere outside the a local cemetery. The "topsoil" was disease? mostly bird droppings, very Midwest is only slowly dawning on many and dusty, So little was known about histo nine city doctors. Gradually, they are start- he remembered. Investigation showed years ago that it took epidemiologist Dr. that ing to test for histo when they seem to the cemetery had been used as a Horace Dodge, of the University of see pneumonia or influenza, or X rays roost for starlings, that its soil had histo Michigan, two years to find what was showing apparent tubercular lung scar- fungus, and that there were cultures of going on in the middle of Milan. Starl- ring. histo in the patient's flower garden, but ing roosts in the trees of the schoolyard nowhere else in the soil on his property. It took a lot of detective work to dispel responsible. trees were The were re- This case was reported in the the notion that histoplasmosis is only a AMA moved and the earth beneath them journal, Jan. 1962. disease of the Midwest, and of farms. 6, paved. Histo in the soil under former It was 20 years before much atten- bird roosts has infected people four to 1 STUDY OF hospital records showed tion was paid to Dr. Darling's report on years later. A that histo patients usually have histo in 1906. As Dr. Furcolow Where large accumulations of birds more sparrows in the neighborhood than noted, only 71 cases had been identified in cities deposit their droppings on pave- the average incidence of sparrows. A by 1945. Slowly it dawned that histo ment that is regularly cleaned, histo higher percentage of infections occurred provided the answer to a "tuberculosis" epidemics don't occur. A culture of among those who said they had pigeons mystery. This was the appearance, on droppings must remain for the fungus to on their roofs. It was twice that of pa- X rays, of lung lesions accepted as TB grow in. Birds don't carry the disease, in tients who gave histories of no pigeons scars in people who showed no reaction fact they don't suffer from it. It simply on their roofs. to any tests for TB. Many men rejected comes out of the soil or from spores in Of course, in the farm country, what by the military in WW2 for "arrested the air to thrive on their leavings. we have learned of histo is a red warn- TB"—solely on the basis of lung X rays But city and town birds don't neces- ing flag. Histoplasmin fungus was isol- —undoubtededly had old histo scars. sarily take aim on the pavement, and {Coutiniied on page 44) It was suspected that these cases represented a failure of the tuberculin test, but an oddity was that most cases of lung lesions with no sign of TB came follow up from the central Mississippi watershed, where the heaviest concentration of histo the convention has turned up.

In 1943, Dr. E. C. Smith first sug- with a family vacation gested that histo might be the cause of in fascinating the mysterious lung scars. In 1945, Dr. C. E. Palmer, testing 3,105 student nurses, found positive histo reaction to be commonplace in those from the Midwest. In 1963, of 185.000 Naval recruits tested, the in- Custodian of America's Heritage fection rate was higher than 80% among those from some parts of the central After all the action, relax with Mississippi watershed, from Mississippi the family in the rest of the Bay State and Alabama to Illinois. These findings Cool off in the Berkshire Hills. Catch the concerts at helped give rise to the impression among Tanglewood. Swim off Cape Cod. Ferry on over to many doctors that the disease was re- Martha's Vineyard or Nantucket. Or see a bit more of stricted to the Midwest. Actually, it is Boston than convention hall. found in all 50 states, parts of Canada, The historic Freedom much of tropical America, and the great Trail. Gaslit Beacon Hill. The unconventional vacation river basins of South America, Africa, awaits you in Massachusetts after the convention Burma, Thailand and Cambodia, as well is over — or before it begins. as in parts of Indonesia. Massachusetts Department of Commerce and Development Dr. Chester W. Emmons revealed a State Office Building, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02202

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 43 .

OUR "UNKNOWN" LUNG DISEASE (Continued from page 43) If the woman ated in one fourth of the chicken houses Caves and belfries are dangerous in one American county. These coops places if there are dry bird or bat drop- can be as dangerous as old refrigerators pings in them. Commercial cave owners next door wishes for children who love to play in them. should avoid dust and wet down areas Histo takes so many forms that med- regularly visited. It can be death to let her husband were ical descriptions of it are bewildering. infants play in dusty farm yards. Of its more serious versions, the Demolition workers should be edu- more like you, highly acute and fatal short-run disease cated about histoplasmosis and required is commonest among children, when it may invade the whole body with "bil-

lions of fungi." It is especially disastrous in infants under two years old.

The long chronic form is the more you must be common, very serious version in adults, once again with invasion outside the smoking lungs, often centering in lymph nodes, 45 ^^^i ^ the spleen and other organs.

It is fortunate that both of these ver- Field & Stream sions are rare compared to the short, severe, fever bouts, and to the millions Pipe Tobacco. of cases in which the patient hardly knows he has been ill. Since differences in severity are to a great degree traceable to the number of fungi originally inhaled, the avoidance at it this way: he probably has the of the severe forms is very much up to "Look same terrifying, deeply-ingrained fear of public enlightenment, rather in than the YOU!" hands of the doctor. THE .4MERIC,\.N LEGION MAGAZINE Birds should not be allowed to over- accumulate in any community. The to take safety precautions, such as wear- pigeon and starling population should be ing masks, when working around known greatly reduced in our cities. City win- old bird roosts. All demolition work dow ledges and alleys under pigeon should be made as dust free as possible. roosts should be hosed off regularly. Owners of caged birds and bird stores Poultry workers should be made aware should observe sanitary precautions of the disease, and safety measures dictated by the facts about histo- provided for their work. Coops and plasmosis. Storm cellars should be kept

A product of Philip Morris Inc. other farm buildings must be kept clean, clean. and wet down to prevent dust from ris- The list of precautions is endless, but ing. Control of the disposal of domestic also obvious to anyone who understands Worry of fowl droppings is also indicated. Old the main source of the disease. Oddly, manure in any form should never be it is another aspect of the air pollution FALSE TEETH spread in a dusty manner. that everyone is talking about. Street cleaning should be a wet opera- And one of the most serious forms of Slipping or Irritating? tion. air pollution. the end Don't be embarrassed by loose false teeth slipping, dropping or wobbling wlien you eat, talk or laugh. Just sprinkle a little FASTEETH on your plates. This pleasant powder gives a HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS? remarkable sense of added comfort and security by holding plates more firmly. No gummy, If you have changed your address recently or will be moving in the near gooey, pasty taste or feeling. It's alkaline future, you should notify this at to notify your (non-acid) . Get FASTEETH at drug counters magazine once. Also be sure everywhere. Post Adjutant. Fill in the blank below and mail to: Circulation Department, The American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46206. LOANS! For Quicker Service CHANGE OF ADDRESS SmU Please Fasten Your Old (Be sure to give all information requested) Address Label Here Please Type or Print Now you may get the money you need . . Pay As Little FAST! BorrowSlOO to $1,000 with a Money- Zip By-Mail "Secret Loan" from Dial. Absolute As $5.00 Code Number Is A Must privacy. No co-signers needed. ABSOLUTELY Date NO MORTGAGES OF ANT KIND REQUIRED. a Month You use your own signature. Pay up old Cash 30 Monthlir bills and have cash left over out of every NAME PO.ST NO. Get paycheck. (Special: Credit life insurance You Payments Member's available, at nominal cost). Whatever you $104.65 $5.00 Name

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 45 The tape will work it out. In desert areas it can be used on cactus quills, too. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS AN EXTRA POCKET is handy for carrying cartridges, fishing sinkers, and sundry accessories. Use one from an old pair of Treasure Hunting trousers, says W. E. Jones of Santa Cruz, Cal. Cut out a pocket, retaining enough of the waist band to include two belt loops. BURIED TREASURE has bccome a ductive are sites HUNTING of old communities, ghost Hang it from your belt by these loops. national pastime. Each summer increas- towns, and public beaches after a busy tour- ing thousands of Americans spend summer ist season where you can find lost watches, SAVE UNBURNED BRIQUETS after a weekends and vacations doing it, and few rings, etc. Professional treasure seekers fol- picnic or barbecue, suggests B. Brinhart of of them return empty-handed. don't They low clues of lost riches often merely men- West Hatfield, Mass. Pick them up with search for fabulous pirate loot, however. tioned in local newspapers, such as the death tongs or a small shovel and drop them in Valuables of many kinds lie hidden closer of an old hermit, etc. But beware of "gen- water, such as the shallows of a nearby lake to us than we think maybe behind a shed uine" treasure — maps; if they were genuine, or stream if convenient. Later, retrieve in the backyard, under a fence post, or in they sale. wouldn't be for them and let them dry out for the next fire. the wall of an old house. An old coin can Even if you don't find anything valuable, be worth a fortune. Yesterday's trash may it could be a very relaxing pastime. BIRDWATCHERS, how about red and be today's valuable antiques. And our coun- For further information, including the blue and green bird nests? Oscar Johnson try's treasure is continually being replen- legal aspects of treasure hunting, write: Rob- of Omaha, Neb., sees them all the time. He ished a surprising number of solid citizens — ert Nesmith, Foul Anchor Archives, Box cuts colored ribbons into small strips, hangs distrust prefer to bury or hide banks and 206, Rye, New York. Mr. Nesmith is one them on the fence and trellis near his feed- their wealth, then either forget and about of the world's leading authorities on the ing stations. The birds do the rest when they it or die leave it unrecorded. to subject. nest. Last year, he reports, six families of Treasure hunting has gained national orioles stole the color show. popularity through the development of the AUTOMATIC SPINCASTING ROD, electronic metal detector, which can actual- called Auto Cast, is cocked by pulling back A CANDLE-HOLDER for camp can be ly "see" underground. Early commercial on a trigger. When trigger is released, a made from a jackknife, reports W. EberUng models were used to locate buried pipelines. Later, in WW2, they became the familiar mine detectors. With the invention of the transistor, they became sufficiently lightweight and inexpensive for popular use. Prices start at $60. One type generates a magnetic field that penetrates the earth, the Ross, Inc., of Whitesburg, Tenn., makes the unusual Auto Cast spincasting rod. other a field of radio impulses. When this compressed spring shoots the lure to the of E. Farmingdale, N.Y. The small blade, field is intercepted by a metal object, it reg- exact spot (within its range) where it was opened at an angle, is inserted into the base isters on a dial on the instrument, or by a aimed. Can be used with any standard spin- of the candle. The large blade can be stuck squeal in a pair of earphones. With experi- ning reel. Fun for kids and beginners, a into a tree or stump. ence, the operator can identify the metal, conversation item for experienced anglers, its depth, etc., by the needle on the dial or and possibly helpful to semi-invalids. Price: by the pitch of the squeal. Depth range is DON'T PET A SKUNK, warns the N.Y. $9.95. from a few inches to several feet because State Conservation Department. Not only most treasure, even the pirate variety, is because you might smell different after- found just below the surface. Metal de- WHEN TROUT OR BASS are stubborn, wards. The result may be even more serious tectors can be waterproofed for underwater natural scent can be added to the lures, re- because skunks have become the second exploration, also. The only other tool you ports John Lapointe of Richmond Hill, most common carrier of rabies in the State. generally need is a spade. N.Y. For fly fishing, crush live flies and rub (First is the fox.) Keep away from them and Where to look? Anywhere! But most pro- them on the artificials. Worm slime works avoid double-trouble. for wet flies. Pieces of cut bait can be

smeared on plugs and spoons. THE GASOLINE LANTERN is a standard camping accessory. But be sure to carry WHEN DARKNESS catches an angler un- spare mantles; the burning one is as fragile prepared, untieing flies and disassembling as a butterfly wing. And the foolproof place tackle become awkward jobs. For such an for a package of two spares is Scotch-taped emergency, Carl Foerster of Chicago. 111., to the bottom of the lantern, advises W. A. carries a small key-chain flashlight in the Evans of Amarillo, Texas. Then you can't top tray of his tackle box. It's sufficiently forget them, and can't lose them. lightweight for him to hold between his teeth when necessary to direct its beam. FLYCASTING FOR PANFISH, especially blue gills and sunnies, is fun when trout and FOR SQUIRREL HUNTERS, an efficient bass aren't supplying the action. But it's not rig for calling them within gun range con- necessary to wear out your good flies on sists simply of a quarter and a half dollar, them, writes Raymond Burge of Alpha, advises M. M. Carey of New Castle, Pa. Mich. Just as good is a little strip of red Hold the latter between two fingers (by its cloth on a bare trout hook. Fish it deep; re-

edges) and strike it rapidly with the quarter. trieve in jerks. They'll fight over it. With light The sound imitates a squirrel's bark. They'll tackle and line, you're in for some thrills. bark in reply.

If you have a helpful idea for this feature OUTDOORSMEN frequently get splinters send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you from handling firewood. For such emer- §5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- pair of tweezers in your kit. gencies, carry a turn, or enter into correspondence concern- When the splinter is too small to grasp, dry ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, Fisher Research of Palo Alto, Calif., the spot well and dab it with Scotch tape, The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth makes this electronic metal detector. suggests Leroy Tolen of Yucca Valley, Cal. Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019.

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 . .

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$15.00 to $20,00. But the beauty of it is that— as a Merlite Presto-Shine you can do as many as 3 cars an hour. Some Merlite Presto-Shine Dealers Dealer—you can actually perform a genuine Simoniz Paste Wax job— easily, do 4 cars in an hour! As soon as motorists in your area hear about your quickly (in as little as 20 minutes)— for only $5.95! Best of all, you can make sensational bargain, they'll flock to you, and you'll have more business than

a gross profit of as much as $5.75 for every car you do! This means that you can handle! Earnings of $138.00 in a day . . . $828.00 in a week ... up you can make as much as $17.25 in an hour— even spare time! to $3,000.00 and more in a month are possible, when you're a happy, pros- What's the secret of your ability to make so much money so quickly? It's no perous Merlite Presto-Shine Dealer!

READ WHAT OTHER MERLITE PRESTO-SHINE WE TRAIN YOU PERSONALLY... DEALERS SAY ABOUT THIS GREAT OPPORTUNITY: RIGHT IN YOUR OWN AREA! Doug Mallon of Long Island, N. Y.: "I leased my first HM Polishing Machine

in October. Then I got my second machine just two weeks later. These When you decide to investigate your big opportunity as a Merlite Presto- mactilnes do everything that Merlite Presto Shine says they will do. I've Shine Dealer, we send one of our factory-trained Instructors to your area grossed as much as $265.00 a week on one machine, and as high as $310.00 a week on the other. the of the revenue these to give you intensive personal training in starting and running your business. On strength from machines, I've been able to obtain a loan through the Small Business Ad- He'll show you how to operate and maintain your HM Polishing Machine; ministration of the U.S. Government so I could lease 5 more HM Polishing to work how from your own home: how to get customers; how to train others Machines. Thank you very much for all your help, and for introducing me to work for you: how to get fleet-quantity business from new and used car to this big profitable opportunity." dealers and rent-a-cars; how to set up car washes; how to keep customers coming back, up to 4 times a year! You get this training WITHOUT U OF L. H. Bergess of New Jersey: "Thank you for introducing me to this deal. COST TO YOU! What's more, after you've received your training, if you decide My Dealership has polished as many as 42 cars in one week. This yielded a

not to become a Merlite Presto-Shine Dealer, you're not out one single penny! gross profit of over $210.00 for the week. It was a lucky day when I first heard about this proposition. It's terrific."

MAIL COUPON NOW FOR FULL FACTS ON FREE! LIFETIME BIG-INCOME OPPORTUNITY! Merlite Presto-Shine, Inc., Dept. Y-lM 114 East 32nd St., New York, N.Y. 10016 No room here to give you all the details of this once-in-a-lifetime high-profit opportunity. But if you're genuinely interested in boosting your earnings to undreamed-of heights, we'll FREE, prepaid, no obligation— please rush Outfit send you an Outfit which fully illustrates and describes your tremendous future as a whichi fully describes my opportunity to make a Merlite Presto-Shine Dealer. This Outfit comes to you prepaid by mail, ABSOLUTELY FREE. high income as a Merlite Presto-Shine Dealer. Sending for it puts you under no obligation at all. MAIL COUPON TODAY!

Name MERLITE PRESTO-SHINE, INC., Dept. Y-IM Address 114 East 32nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10016 City .State. .Zip. .1. J THE AMERICAN LEGION IVIAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 47 . —

DENTURE WEARERS: PERSONAL When messy pastes and powders BREAK IN SOME PRICES.

fail ... get MEDICAL & DOCTOR COSTS RISE. OLDER-DRIVER INSURANCE. ® You may get some happy surprises in the way prices behave in the months ahead. Disposable Dental Cushions For one thing, the cost of food—particularly meat—is heading down. It's rough on farmers, but a real break for urban families. for Better Fit and Comfort Meantime, the prices of big "hard goods" items—appliances, autos, etc. are moving sideways. Color TV sales and auto sales have been below ex- Economical. pectations, so there's an opportunity for bargaining and price-shaving. Long Lasting In all, living costs this year probably won't rise more than 2% (last year America's Largest they zoomed 3.3%). As against that, wage rates will increase by maybe 5%. Selling Cushion But bear in mind that this doesn't mean take-home pay will grow that handsomely; the hours in the work week have been shortened in many rm^lGAME SUPPLIES industries.

Automatic Cards, Marker Cordi, Electric Contrary to general price trends, medical costs continue to gallop ahead Bloweri, Flaihboardi, Throwaway Sheets or Ticket!, Cagei, Balli, Etc. FREE BULLETINS like mad. Last year alone, hospital-room charges soared 16.5% and doctors' give you hundreds of ideas for SUCCESSFUL it is: BINGO PARTIES. Write TODAY... please in- fees almost 8S< When will stop? The flat answer Not very soon. clude name & address of your orgonizotion. Here's why: The "BINGO KING" CO., Inc. • Hospitals are faced with rising labor costs—as well as a labor shortage DEPT. 358, BOX 1178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 and the increasingly sophisticated gear they use adds to their financial woes. Moreover, some institutions have been notoriously poor bookkeepers and Sure beats smoking! now are putting in extra-heavy boosts to make up for lost time. A day in a hospital currently comes to about $45, and is likely to go up. • Meantime, any appreciable increase in the number of doctors isn't going to be a sudden affair. We now have about one doctor per 680 of population; by 1975 this may come down slightly—to one per 640, still a very tight squeeze. Behind this are: the long time it takes to produce a finished doctor (openhagi (10 to 12 years); the small number of medical schools (only 88 now; 101 by I 1970) and the resultantly small number of graduates (7,500 per year). What's the solution? Hospitals will try to extend their services outside the institution itself. And doctors will try to lay off more of their routine Enjoy Copenhagen: Place a small pinch chores on technicians (estimates of the additional manpower requirements between cheek and gum. No chewing. in this field run anywhere from 100,000 to 275,000). United States Tobacco Company There's one small consolation, though: Drug prices have been very stable.

Here's a hot question developing in the automotive insurance field: What -^^^^^^ about coverage for older drivers, particularly those 65-and-up? CATALOG Insurance companies say they don't discriminate against senior operators, • BANQUET/MEETING FURNITURE but acknowledge that: 1) an elderly person—a widow, say—trying to get • TENNIS TABLES CHAIRSI • COAT/ HAT RACKS insurance for the first time may have a rough job, 2) studies on the accident records of older people now are in progress, and 3) accusations and pub- Adirondack licity on alleged discrimination have had an upturn. A reasonable guess: 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 One way or another, older owners eventually will have to pay more for auto Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO insurance. BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES Meantime, losses fi'om accidents and thefts keep mounting. To help fight the theft plague—mainly a teen-age phenomenon—General Motors will Now Possible To install buzzers in its 1968 models to warn that the driver has left the key in Shrink Hemorrhoids the ignition; and Congress again will consider anti-master-key legislation. Without Surgery Items worth bearing in mind: PAPER CLOTHES: These now are the rage of the younger female set, . . . except in unusually and the idea soon will be tried in certain types of men's shirts and ties. The severe or persistent cases garments actually are made of paper reinforced with rayon, are priced up Science has found a substance with the to $10, and will last through several wearings. But they won't stand washing, ability, in most cases—to relieve pain, and will lose fireproofing if dry-cleaned. itching and shrink hemorrhoids without TOURIST SPECTACLES: The 1968 lineup includes two major events on surgery except in unusually severe or this continent. One is the World's HemisFair '68 to be staged in San Antonio, persistent cases. In case after case, while April 6 through October 6, right next door to the Alamo (admission: $2 for gently relieving pain, actual reduction adults; $1 for children; plus special rates). The other is the 1968 Olympics took place. The secret is Preparation H® scheduled for Mexico City in October. —the only hemorrhoid formula that con- —By Edgar A. Grunwald tains Bio-Dyne"^'. Just ask for Prepara- tion H Ointment or Suppositories. —

The British Miracle That Creates SUPER PLANTS IN THE GARDEN-IN THE HOUSE

Yes I From the greatest gardening ease and pests! Great, tall stems stand nation on earth — England — comes up with military pracjsion! Giant • fantastic discovery! Developed by buds begin to swell with vigor and Britain's leading gardener — winner vitality! Even tired old shrubs that of the famed Victoria Medal for horti- you had almost given up for lost — culture! Already used today by OVER begin to straighten out — fatten up THREE MILLION British gardenersi — send out the young green growth And now released to you — through that you had never hoped to see again! this advertisement only — to trv in your own garden WITHOUT RISK- ING A PENNY! And then — the most remarkable part of all! When these fantastically beautiful plants have reached Think of it! Here is a gardening their development that almost defies belief! full glorious height and. strength, simply drop another It is a CONCENTRATED GROWOH Magic Pellet next FORMULA, prepared in the form of to them! These tiny English pellets tiny pellets! It costs only pennies per automatically liberate siill more won- treatment) And even a child can drop der-working ingredients! These final concentrated them in the ground in as little as ten stimulants pour into seconds. your roots — carried up through the stems and trunks and branches of But once these tiny pellets are your plants — are finally delivered placed near the roots of your starved to the great giant flower buds at the plants, tliey perform a scientific mir- top of those plants. acle that has been every gardener's dream for centuries! They SLOWLY And when those precious ingredi- . . . AUTOMATICALLY feed your ents reach those ripe buds—THEN plants the life-giving nutrients they YOU WILL BE BLmDED BY THE need — CONCENTRATED RIGHT EXPLOSION OF COLOR THAT AT THE ROOTS OF THESE GREETS IN PLANTS — POURING LIFE-GIV- YOU .YOUR GARDEN! ING ENERGY INTO THE VERY HEART OF THOSE PLANTS—DAY AFTER DAY—THROUGH EVERY Flowers So Beautiful PROVEN IN VITAL STAGE OF THEIR You Can Hardly 100,000 GROWTH! Believe Your Eyes! AMERICAN GARDENS Just picture this breathtaking Yes! When you follow this Streeter scene to yourself. The first result you plan, you will walk through that gar- "Encloted pictures show sun flower eleTen "My zinnias grew tlx feet hlgb. the will notice — almost immediately — den as though you were in a dream! feet high, with t tweoty-elght inch flower blooms were bigger than tea saucers. I had is that these amazing English pellets You will see rose bushes weighed head. I didn't heed your warning about dwarf marigolds bigger than teacups, they grew> plants however, and eiperimented with an six feet tall; everyone came to see them." give your plants a tremendous new down by masses of blossoms, of a rich- indoor Rex Begonia. To my surprise and — Mrt. CM.. Cirtertvlllc. Ga. burst of growth! Whetlier your plants ness and perfume and color that you amazement of others we saw a Rex-Begonia "1 never saw anything in my life do sa are new or old — they send out dozens have never imagined before! You will of such monstrous size." much good. I had the most beautiful roses in of hidden shoots and buds! Some of walk past solid, blazing rows of chrys- G.E.F.. San Royal. Calif. town last summer, and my mums were Just "This squash was inches across, your plants may actually DOUBLE anthemums so thick that you can't IVz 22% covered with blooms. I had to pinch them Inches around, and 3% Inches thick. I have back more than usual but they were the talk in height and breadth in the very first even see a leaf in between! You will never seen such a huge squash before — the of the town — I sold so many." month! see dahlias, and asters, and gladiolus results were unbelievable." — Mrt. L.C.. St. Charlet. Mo. and zinnias so massive, so exquisite, — Mrs. D.D.F., Houtton, Texts "Two of my rose bushes died all the wai But this is just the beginning! "Your claims for the Magic English pel- to the crown I pellets so breathtakingly beautiful . that you — put these around lets are not exaggerated Withm one or two short weeks — hardly believe that they are the same one bit as far at them and now they came back to life andi bulbs, flowering shrubs and roses are con- are growing without you even touching your plant plants that you into new stems. I also put some put the ground. cerned. I have not yet tried the pellets on pellets around these amazing pellets In row of hollies and thei> AUTOMATI- And wnen your neighbors begin to vegetables, but would expect the same re- grew twice their size in one season." CALLY aid Just your plants in the second pour into your yard—when you watch sults. I was raised In t nursery and have — Mn. P.P.. Shravaport, La. vital stages of its growth! Automati- them bend and touch these flowers to had considerable experience with shrubs "I have no garden now and use your cally and roses. Tour product is the best ferti- tablets — sttll more wonder-working see if they are real — THEN only for house plants. My African YOU lizer I have ever used. It is much more nutrients enter into every cell of your WILL KNOW A FEELING OFGAR- violets have been a mass of blossoms for economical than liquid or aolKI fertlUzeri months. The strawberry plant it growing plants' bodies — fill those cells with DEN ACCOMPLISHMENT AND now on the market." like a weed, and another health and strength and violet which did sturdiness PRIDE THAT YOU MAY NEVER — C.A.S., Augusta, Kant. nothing for a long time is dcTelopinf and wonderful new resistance to dis- HAVE DREAMED OF BEFORE! "Enclosing a snapshot of a cabbage I flower buds now." raised last year with the use of two of your — A.M.R., SuffalO. N.V. Magic Pellets, and it weighs twelve pounds. "I am Ave feet two Inchet and our gladl- .My roses, snapdragons, flags, tomatoes, olas towered above me and they were the dahlias were the largest and most colorful most beautiful ones I have ever seen, and I and beautiful in the block. All the neigh- know what garden beauty Is because I am bors made a path to my flower garden to from Durham, England, and before my Guaranteed For see what wonders were being formed and father's death he won many trophlei In my garden was the topic of this block. I flower shows, but my flowers and toraatnet shared the pellets with my friends and their outdid anything I have ever teen after flowers that were almost dead came to life." using your pelleti." The Full Season — Mrt. S.H.D., Nashville. Tenn. —Mrt. J.M.. Tllurla. Ala. These Magic English Pellet»—caUed ply return the empty package for every IMPODTAIIT ENGLISH PELLETS ARE AVAILABLE IN REGULAR SIZE, 140 FRED STREETER'S PLANT cent of your money hack! iiffirvniMni pellets only $2.98 postpaid, also our jumbo economy GROWTH TABLETS — cost only PACK OF 300 for $4.95 POSTPAID. FOR FOLKS WHO ITISH TO TRY THEM WE NOW $2.98 for USE THEM TO CREATE GARDEN HAVE A GBT-ACgUAIKTED PACK OF 40 FOR ONLY $1.00 POSTPAID. ORDER NOW! ' a package of 125 pellets, CLUB PRIZE WINNING BLOOMS! or $4.95 for the super-economy size, Your Mums, Roses, Dahlias, Daylilies, . or 300 pellets. MAIL NO-RISK COUPON Since only a few Annuals and late blooming Peren- TODAY!—, pellets are required to treat the nials aver- will take on added size and GREAT PLAINS SALES CO. I I age plant, iMs Is an Investment of only color. Your garden this Fall will be 2306-PH West 10th Street - Topeka, I a few pennies a plant for the most the envy of the neighborhood. 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And if you don't USE THEM TO CREATE SUPER- agree that this British invention is ( ) Get Acquainted Size— 40 Pellets— only $1.00. a I FLOWERS! Place one tiny pellet be- true gardening miracle ... if your ( ) Regular Size— 140 Pellets—only $2.98. TOTAL I lide each of garden Isn't the I ( ) Super-Economy Size—300 Pellets only $4.95. ENCLOSED your hydrangers, zinnias, showpiece of your — $ | chrysanthemums, a couple beside neighborhood at the end of one short your I roses—any kind of flower that you month then simply return the empty package— every I NAME want super-blooms! And if you don't for cent of your money back! (please print) ice fantastic new growth within just I • few short weeks ... if you don't Because uny folkE want to be con- I ADDRESS. watch with amazement while handfuls vinced we now have a special $1.00 I of magnificent new blossoms burst trial size as well as our regular CITY. .State. -Zip. (ortli from thoM old plants—Men sim- size and our J umbo econosy size. )

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 49 in the Ciiina of tlie Dowager Empress— those in power liate to give up political office. So that today, much of China's leader- sliip comprises older men. When tliey die. what will happen to the revolutionary movement?

Both books help us .see Ciiina and tlie Chinese as flesh and blood subjects and serve as .sources of information on tlie great

China question that is currently with us.

PAPER LION, by George Plimpton. HARPER & ROW, PUB., NEW YORK, N.Y., ,S5.95. What's it like to play professional football? To be down on the field in a huddle with thousands of fans crowded into stands abo\e vou. waiting with almost religious fanaticism for vour team to score? It's frightening. The author, a professional writer, joined the Detroit Lions to train and play with a pro team so that he could write their story as an insider. He checked in at the Lions' training camp, at Cranbrook .School near Detroit, for a three-week training session and parti- Empress Tzu Hsi. Students in Communist China. cipated in an intra-squad scrimmage, but he never did play in one of the really big ones. From his inside-out vantage, he describes as only one who has done it could, tiie kind of men who comprise pro football, and the China Then and Now rigors of training on hot, summer davs. He talks about the rivalry that exists be- THE LAST GREAT EMPRESS OF 1900, Empress Tzu Hsi was induced to tween veterans and rookies; about the haz- CHINA, by Charlotte Haldane. the support the Boxers, a group of strongly na- ing. Iiorseplay and fellowship that are part BOBBS-MERRILL CO., INC., INDIANAPOLIS, IN- tionalistic, but mostly rabble, Chinese. Tlie of team life, and the strict discipline that DIANA, .^y.so. Boxers at first wished to rid China of both shapes a winning team. CHINA AFTER MAO, by A. Doak dynastic and foreign control, but in time As training ends and pro iDlav draws near, Barnett. Princeton university press, modified their goals, upholding the dynasty tension mounts. The dav before a game, are actually ill, others laii.se PRINCETON, N.J. $6. and concentrating on attacking and ousting some plavers Tzu Hsi, the Em pi CSS Dowager, ruled only foreigners. The author sees a continuity into thoughtful silence, some seek solitude China from 1861 to 1908. In her book on the of this rebellion, Cliina's first nationalistic and others garrulous conipanionsliip. .All last great Empress, Charlotte Haldane shows opposition to foreign occupation, through react to the challenge of what is at stake— us Hfe at the top in China in the last days the present-day political struggle between their team's reputation and financial success, o( the empire. China and the "foreigners" she was so deter- and their own careers in tlie game. The ten- ^Ve are taken inside the Forbidden City, mined to oust. sion in the team bus heading for a big game where tiie Emperor, his Empress and con- The Dowager Empress' death in 1908 is so heavy that, according to tliis account, cubines lived, cut oft from almost all contact marked the beginning of the end for it's practically alive. with outside Ciiina, surrounded by thou- dynastic rule in China. By 1912, four years Plimpton writes honestlv about pio loot- sands of eunuchs who performed every ser- after Tzu Hsi's death, the last Emperor ball as he saw it while proudly wearing vice froin political conhdant to the work of abdicated. Since 1916 China has been torn Lions 9^0 on his squad shirt. He's also houseboys. We are eyewitnesses to court in- apart by internal revolution— first between honest enough to admit that as much as he trigues, political murders, and the struggles the forces of Dr. Sun Yat Sen in the south wanted to play one of the big ones, he was (o niainiain sulTicient allies within the court and Yuan Slii-kai in tlie north; later between relieved when the opportunity failed to pre- circle to guard against a sudden, violent the Communists and tiie party headed by sent itself, for pro football, he found out. is death. Chiang Kai-sliek. for professionals onh. r.sii During the rule of Tzu Hsi, a remarkable In 1948, the struggle between Chiang Kai- woman who maintained power for an amaz- siick and the Comniimists culminated in a Stillmeadoiv Calendar, by Gladys Taber. N.Y.. ing 49 years by both fair and foul means, victory for tiie Coniniunists on mainland J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO.. NE\V YORK. China was torn asunder by tiie question of China. A. Doak Barnett's book. "China After S4.9.'). wiiat to do about foreigners in the country, Mao," ventures .some opinions about Cliina's Each month of a year is recalled in this of living liiere for purposes of trade, colonization and future based upon lier experiences since 1948 warm and human memoir country conversion. One faction wanted tliem ousted under Communist leader Mao Tse-tung. in Connecticut. at all costs. The other, among them those Professor Barnett is inclined to view The Great Merchants, by Tom Mahoney who were looked upon as "new China" favorably wliat has been accomplished in and Leonard Sloane. harper cjt row, pub.. thinkers, fa\ored toleration of tlie foreigners China under Coniiiiunisni. This reviewer NEW YORK, N.Y., S6.95. and acquisition of knowledge about Western does not agree. Yet liis book points up the A compilation of brief sketches about re- science and tecimology. Communist dilemma of liow to promote tailers whose names are synonymous with From 1874 onward, China countered the sustained economic development and growtli outstanding merchandising throughout the menace of an encroaching Japan as best she in China, while still fostering a continuing United States. could, finally going to war against her in sense of revolution in a society tliat is in- 1894, a war tliat proved disastrous for Ciiina. creasingly more interested in modernization Books can be purchased through local book- the tliat At same time the country was threatened and progress. He cites too, a problem stores or by writing directly to book pub- bv Russian ambitions from the north. In exists in Communist China even as it existed lishers. Editors

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 .

A LOOK AT BOSTON, MASS. there on July 4. 1829. Next is the Gran- (Continued from page 29) ary Burying Ground. John Hancock, Robert Paine. Sam Adams, the parents excellent food, with a fair enough range This is the Freedom Trail, well marked of Ben Franklin, Paul Revere and the of prices, in a sawdusty atmosphere of along the sidewalk, and you take it on victims of the Boston old American simplicity. For the rest, foot, slow and easy. Massacre all lie here, with many another. we will go where we can get in. Let's stroll it. In the Common it starts Durgin-Park is right by Faneuil Hall, hard by the Boston Massacre Monu- s THE WALK contiuucs, where Sam Adams, Paul Revere and ment. The Town bought the Common in you pass King's their pals planned the Boston Tea Party. 1634 as a "trayning field" for the militia Chapel; various monuments and plaques; the There's a name to conjure with! How do and for the feeding of "Cattell." notes Old Corner Book Store where Longfellow. you pronounce Faneuil? Never mind the the official Freedom Trail pamphlet of Emerson, Hawthorne, Holmes, Harriet Stowe. Whittier French. The natives most often call it the Freedom Trail Foundation, Inc. In and Fanual, to rhyme with the owner's the 17th century, pirates, witches and Julia Ward Howe met at various times; Old manual that comes with your new car. Quakers were hung at the Old Elm near South Meeting House where the crowds met to organize the When they don't call it Fanual, they call Frog Pond. On the Boylston Street side Boston Tea Party they it Fan'l, to rhyme with Dan'l, as in of the Common is the old Central Bury- when got too big for Faneuil Boone. ing Ground, where, among others. Gil- Hall; a plaque marking Ben Franklin's birthplace; the Boston massacre site; While we're at it, the people in Bos- bert Stuart—who painted all those por- Faneuil Hall (the ton don't call Tremont Street "Treemont traits of George Washington—is buried. "Cradle of Liberty." upstairs is Street," as you might, they call it "Treh- The Freedom Trail takes you into the whose restored while the

mont Street." And in case you want to city by the State House, that is the "new" downstairs is a busy market); Paul Re- vere's know, Tremont is a corruption of one, built in 1795. Charles Bulfinch home (oldest home in Boston to-

Trimountaine, which was the original planned it. He also was an architect in day), and the Old North Church.

name for Boston itself when it was settled planning the Capitol in Washington. Sam There would be more original old on three hills (three hills, trimountain) Adams laid the cornerstone. John Han- buildings left, and fewer monuments to Later the place had a love affair with cock sold the land. Among the relics in- stand for them, had not 67 acres of com- Boston, England—once a great British side is the original charter of the Mas- mercial Boston been swept by a great seaport, long since somewhat silted up. sachusetts Bay Company. fire in November 1872. Even so, plenty

Boston, Mass., has been somewhat sil- You follow on to the Park Street survived. ted up too, by design. Over the centuries Church, which Henry James called the If you'll take the pains to look them much of the waterfront land was made "most interesting mass of brick and mor- up, the city has a wealth of museums, by adding earth to the harbor. Back Bay, tar in America." William Lloyd Garrison universities and other cultural edifices, where most of the Legion Convention gave his first fiery anti-slavery speech {Continued on page 52) will take place, was very largely a back bay of the Charles River, before industri-

ous Yankees and later Irishmen filled it in with dirt. If you stay in Back Bay at the Convention you can attend the Con- The Painkiller. vention, march in the parade and go to the Red Sox' Fenway Park for the great spectacle of the Legion's National Senior For hemorrhoids that hurt. and Junior Drum and Bugle Corps Championships on the evening of Sun- You have probably heard of Nupercainal® Suppositories and day, August 27. A couple of hundred Ointment by now. Nupercainal is the most effective and longest years ago you'd have had to row or swim lasting painkiller of the leading products available without pre- to get to all of these spots. As a matter scription. It is over eight times stronger than the most commonly of fact, except for some of the fine eat- used topical anesthetic preparation. Doctors have been recom- ing, downtown Boston is just another mending Nupercainal for over 33 years for hemorrhoids that hurt. crowded city area, more restricted than most, unless you bring your sense of history with you.

Over 8 times more pain-killing power than THAT HISTORY begins on the way the most commonly used topical anesthetic. downtown. If you walk along Arling- ton Street on the inland side of the Public Garden (a part of the probable Legion parade route) you will be walking where redcoats got into their boats to cross the Charles River and go after those farmers at Lexington and Concord—now all dry land. Right through the Public Garden, and then through Boston Common, and you come out downtown. While you are still in the Common, just before coming out on Park St., you will find yourself on a blazed trail that leads you on a meander through the downtown area, with historic sites and monuments on all sides as shop- pers and office-workers scurry busily by.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JUNE 1967 51 —

RELINE YOUR FALSE A LOOK AT BOSTON, MASS. (Continued from page 51) TEETH FOR A PERFECT FIT both old and new. The Museum of such?" Lamely we answer, "We didn't EASY TO Science is bright and new and stands in even know it was there." USE STRIPS the middle of the Charles River, next to Look, if you are flying into Boston the dam—almost due north of down- from, say, Arizona or Mississippi or for heaven's sake, read its his- town Boston. Among other things it has Montana, a Hayden Planetarium, as does the New tory in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Trouble with loose plates that slip, rock or cause that's informa- sore gums? Try Brimms Plasti-Liner. One applica- York Museum of Natural History. and anything else pretty tion makes plates fit snugly without boivder, paste tive, before you make the trip. Who or cushions. Brimms Plasti-Liner adheres perma- There's a great band shell standing in a nently to your plate; ends the bother of temporary for knows what you might earmark as being applications. With plates held firmly by Plasti-Liner, riverside park of the Charles, out- special interest to you? YOU CAN EAT ANYTHING! Simply lay soft door concerts—only a short walk from of strip of Plasti-Liner on troublesome upper or lower. Are you a retired ordnance officer? Bite and it molds perfectly. Easy to use, tasteless, the northwest corner of the Public Gar- odorless, harmless to you and your plates. Remova- There's an Army and a Navy arsenal on ble as directed. Money-hack guarantee. At your drug den. That's the Hatch Shell for the musi- the north bank of the Charles west from cians and the Music Oval for listeners. BRIMMS PLASTI-LINER M.I.T. THE PERMANENT DENTURE RELINER A therapist for the blind? Perkins In- M.I.T. CAMPUS stands just across THE stitution for the Blind is just a little west the Charles from Back Bay. Farther LIFE INSURANCE of the arsenals. north a bit is the Harvard campus. Bos- ISSUED BY MAIL • KEEP IT FOR LIFE An old footballer with a bad knee but ton University is on the Back Bay side no obligation fond memories? The Boston Patriots will MAIL THISAD of the Charles, and Boston College is APPLICATION MAILED play a pre-season game during the Legion TO YOU well west, by the Chestnut Hill Reser- $5000 ENTRY AGES 21 to 70 • $2000 ENTRY AGES 21 to 80 convention. voir. Legion doctors might take a little Whole Life Policy pays world-wide for deatfi from any cause, Christian Scientist? The Mother any time, encept during first for A policy year either suicide visit the great medical or from time to some of death undisclosed pre-existing health conditions. Church is hardly a stroll from the Shera- Mail your name, address, zip code: year of birth and ad to institutions. The Massachusetts General Great Lakes Insurance Co., Elgin, III. 60120. Dept. FI7IVI6. ton. Hospital and the Boston Children's Hos- A plant fancier? The Harvard Botanic pital are world famous. Downtown is Garden, once directed by Asa Gray, is at MARTINS FLAGS the Tufts University Medical and Dental Garden and Linnaean Streets in Cam- I DISPLAYS FOR School. The Harvard Medical School I ORGANIZATIONS- bridge. at the regular Harvard campus, but TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS isn't A lover of the old-time American lit- Prompt shipment. Ask for our the is about a mile southwest of Pru- erary figures? Louisa May Alcott's house colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 67A dential Center down Huntington Avenue. MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA 50501 is in Concord. It is privately occupied, Along that mile you pass the New Eng- but last we heard the present occupant BASEMENT TOILET land Conservatory of Music, the North- welcomes teachers and librarians (only) eastern University campus, the Museum who want to see where the Little Women FLUSHES TO OVERHEAD UP iMH of Fine Arts with its Institute of Con- lived and played. If that has changed,

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THE POLICE POWERS with U. S. 6. A. Rules!" Lifetime Guaranteed! OF PRIVATE CITIZENS 'Xonforms (Continued from page 21) local statute, all of the common law police powers of private citizens. NOW! THE WORLD'S FIRST As organized police forces increased, the need for volunteers to maintain law and order diminished. As it diminished, PERFECT GOLF BALL! various law-making bodies and courts made their own decisions on tempering NOW! Take strokes off your score with the the body of common law. Hence today world's first lifetime golf ball - the the necessary conditions to permit citi- patented Space Age ball that CAN'T cut, zen's arrest "vary from state to state." CAN'T chip, CANT go out of round, while "only a few states have made pro- CAN'T lose its distance ... yet still meets vision to compensate a citizen injured" every U.S.G.A. specification! when assisting an olTicer at his command. YES, IT'S TRUE! Now, through a miracle It is not a crime in any state—as it is of modern organic chemistry, you can drive under common law and quite generally farther, hit straighter, putt truer with in Europe—for a citizen to fail to dis- DYNAFLYTE, the fantastic new solid-state golf close commission of a felony to police ball that's been hailed as the most amazing on his own initiative. But by act of Con- HERE IT IS! The golf ball that generations of breakthrough development in the game in golfers have dreamed of ... a true solid-state gress such "misprision of a felony" is a over 60 years! golf ball that has no core, no rubber bands, no crime in the United States if it is a fed- GUARANTEED outer cover ... a golf ball that complies 100% with every standard and specification set forth eral felony that goes unreported. A lay- . NOT TO CUT . . EVER! by the U.S.G.A. ... the one golf ball that is man's view of this is that if you a saw DYNAFLYTE is indestructible! With no core GUARANTEED to start perfect and stay perfect store robbery and went your quiet way to lose its punch or balance, no old-fashioned - for a lifetime! you'd be on the right side of the law if windings to stretch, snap, and break, no PUTTS LIKE A CUE BALL! not your conscience. But if you saw a outer casing to cut, crack, or chip, the On the green, DYNAFLYTE will chop strokes DYNAFLYTE golf ball is guaranteed in writing mail robbery and didn't call the cops you off your game by letting you sink putts you

to last a lifetime! Mash it in vise . . . hack would have committed a federal offense. a used to miss! The secret? DYNAFLYTE'S

it . . at with an axe . even attack it with a patented solid-state design makes possible a sledge hammer and cold chisel - you simply golf ball with the precision roundness and HAS BROUGHT all of this to the WHAT cannot hurt it! That's why every DYNAFLYTE balance of a billiard ball. A conventional fore again is, of course, the resurg- sold is guaranteed not to cut, crack, chip "rubber band" bail, after a few drives, de- ence of crime and mob violence in Amer- - EVER - or we'll replace it at our expense. velops a built-in wobble that accounts for ica; the downgrading of the police to the EXTRA BOUNCE some of those "hard luck" putts that kiss the point fewer where people even want to MEANS EXTRA YARDS! rim of the cup but don't drop in. DYNAFLYTE be police (see Our Downgraded Police: You get extra distance with DYNAFLYTE, can't lose its balance or go out of round — even after in A National Peril, American Legion too, and you can prove it in 10 seconds fiat! being flattened a vise to one- Magazine, April 1967); and the shock- Take one DYNAFLYTE and one old-fashioned half its normal diameter, DYNAFLYTE returns to perfect in ing apathy of many people toward "be- golf ball - even the best, highest priced ball roundness seconds. That's why

DYNAFLYTE putts straight and true . . . every coming involved" in crimes. in your pro shop — hold them at eye level, drop them, and watch the bounce! DYNAFLYTE time' Perhaps they, as well as the police, feel TRY IT AT OUR RISK! will beunce an inch to an inch and a half that if they are to mix with crime the job Yes, DYNAFLYTE is truly the golf ball of HIGHER than any other ball on the market begins with the legislatures and the Tomorrow — but you can get it TODAY, at a today. Extra bounce means extra yards . . courts, to put them on a firm footing. very special price — before they go on sale hole after hole, all season long! If the law does not require you to call at full price in pro shops and department FORGET HOOKING stores - risking the cops when the store is robbed or and without a penny! Send AND SLICING! just $5 for four DYNAFLYTES, or just $12 for someone is brutally beaten; if you are Best of all, you can forget ail about hook- a full dozen. Then use them and enjoy them liable to false arrest charges even when ing and slicing when you start playing with for a full 30 days at OUR risk. If you're not acting most reasonably on your own; if the astonishing new DYNAFLYTE! DYNAFLYTE completely delighted with these miracle you may not be protected against injury is made round stays round ... no matter and balls, if tliey don't instantly take strokes off or liability when obeying an officer, then how hard and how often you hit it. And your game, simply return them for an imme- you are privileged to take a position DYNAFLYTE'S slow, ballistically stable spin diate refund, no questions asked! But hurry even against your own feelings—^that so- (only one-fourth that of a conventional ball) - we can guarantee this low introductory means a long, straight drive, every time ciety itself isn't really serious about con- price for the next 7 days only, so send your you tee off! trolling crime. Society in this case is the order TODAY! ® ,957 d.n.fuyte mfg corp legislatures and the courts. DYNAFLYTE Sales Co., 121 Lakeville Rd., New Hyde Park, N. Y. 11040 Why isn't "misprision of a felony" a state offense, as it is a federal offense? DYNAFLYTE SALES CO., DEPT. AL-6 Legislatures can restore the common law 121 Lakeville Rd., New Hyde Pk., N. Y. 11040 Rush my order postpaid. principle that made it so. Why do they $5 enclosed for 4 DYNAFLYTES. NO RISK OFFER not move? Legislatures can lay down $12 enclosed for 12 DYNAFLYTES. YES! I'd like to try DYNAFLYTES at your Bill (National credit cards honored) reasonable protection for persons assist- risk, with the understanding that I may ing an officer such as the New York leg- return them any time within 30 days for Credit Card

refund, no questions asked! I further islature is now considering. Credit Card understand that should I decide to keep In the morals and the mores, the citi- them, you will replace, FREE OF CHARGE, Signature any DYNAFLYTE that chips, cuts, dis- zens have always had a role in law and colors, goes out of round, or loses com- NAME order. Why have they been left out on a pression — any time, without time limit! ADDRESS . limb by the lawmakers? Justice Benja- DISTRIBUTORS WANTED. WRITE! CITY -STATE- _ZIP- (Continiied on page 54) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 53 THE POLICE POWERS FAMILY ARMS OF PRIVATE CITIZENS DIRECT — (Continued from page 53)- FROM ENGLAND genuinely emblazoned from old rSSHOPPER min Cardozo noted in 1928: "Still, as in records filed under 100,000 British & European surnames. In the days of Edward I, the citizenry may relief and full colour on immac- be called upon to enforce the justice of ulate OAK WALL SHIELDS for mural decoration. the state, not faintly and with lagging 12 "xlO" — $20.00 steps, but heartily and bravely and with 12"xl4" — $28.00 whatever implements and facilities are 22"xl8" — $42.00 convenient and at hand." postpaid. Your check is returned if the Arms Some are doing just that today. The cannot be traced. School, Ship, Regimental Wall Street Journal for March 23, this Shields, Trade Marks, etc., similarly reproduced. Write Britain direct. year, published a lengthy summary of what citizens are doing today to defend YORK INSIGNIA LTD.. YORK. ENGLAND themselves and their neighborhoods from crime. If you can find it in your li- SUNKEN GARDEN POOL. Watertight; one piece of aqua-colored Polypropolen. Easily tale is worth reading. brary the whole installed. 3'5" x 2'5"; 8" deep at ground Nearly 2,400 women in Orlando, Fla.. level. Recessed pot holds 1 to 3 lily bulbs. $3.98 complete; 2 for $7.65. (COD pstge. armed themselves after a series of rapes extra; cash orders add 500.) Free lily bulb with each pool. Michigan Bulb Co., Dept. parlors, motels and apart- "in beauty BP, Grand Rapids, Mich. 49502. ments." When hundreds of women were already toting sidearms in what was Or- called a "Pistol Packin' Posse," the RELIGIOUS COLLECTION! lando police took them on the range and Free! Enormous selection of 5! all different religious stamps of the world. Represented in this unique col- practice. of the gave them target One lection are shrines, famous cathedrals, abbeys, saints. best scores, noted the Journal, was hung Temples, Plus religious dancers, nativity and special pllgrimmage issues. Extra! Also includes scarce Holy up by an 80-year-old woman who put Family painting of Spain in fresh mint condition. Send 10^ for handling. Wonderful approvals in- five out of six .38 slugs in the head of a dummy from 21 feet. Last February [l."»L barling & Co. Dept. ALK Rockville, Md. 20850 was the first month in two years without asault a woman in Orlando. an on This section is presented as a ser- police in St. Louis organ- Shorthanded vice to readers and advertisers. All SLIP-ON MAGNIFIERS. Having trouble with association of "block-watchers," ized an products are sold with a money- fine print, close detail work? Powerful 2^2 sharp diopter lenses let you see clearer instantly. mostly retired persons, to keep a back guarantee. ordering, When Slip-ons fit all glasses. $2.98 plus 250 suspicious eye out and report anything please allow a reasonable amount postage. Return ppd. within 30 days for full refund. State age when ordering. Nel-King to the police. Last February, daylight of time for handling and shipping. Products, Inc., Dept. AL-67S, 811 Wyan- compared dotte, Kansas City, Mo. 64105. robberies there numbered 60, Be sure to include Zip Code number to 156 the previous February. along with your address. Chicago's "Operation Stop Crime" has been credited with solving up to 9,000 KEEP CESSPOOL TROUBLE crimes. It was a PR program put on by AWAY mG^ the police to encourage people to report suspicious doings on a police "hot wire." Private purchase of guns for self defense was reported markedly up in Dal- las, Los Angeles and Detroit. Official police views often look on this as a dangerous form of "vigilantism," but WHAT A MONEY MAKER! we boosted our family income permanently . . . started our differently. individual policemen spoke A own anti-poverty program with a beat-up chair SEPTIC TANK TROUBLES? Reactivator we picked up for $3. . . . sold for $150. Now keeps septic tank and cesspool clean, pre- Detroit patrolman told the Journal that upholstering that MUl taught us the secrets of vents overflow, back-up, odors, saves cost- our of meager paychecks and dull-dead- without enough cops to go around "these days ly pumping or digging. Just mix dry powder end jobs are over. for ILLUSTRAT- Send FREE in water, flush. Non-poisonous, non-caustic. small businessmen are learning they are on study course for upholster- ED BOOK home 6 months' supply $3.35; full year's supply ing sofas, chairs, footstools, built-ins. New better off if they can help protect them- $6.00, ppd. Northel, Dept. AL-6, Box 1103, in spare methods, all modern styles. Learn Minneapolis, Minn. 55440. selves." And a Los Angeles patrolman, time. Write for free book, free sample lesson. APPROVED FOR VETERANS. Modern Uphol- in a police department that spoke dis- stery, Box 899-XH, Orange, Calif. 92669 paragingly of "vigilantes," told the Jour- nal, "You can't expect the citizens to sit still just because the police have to." INVISIBLE Something is coming to a head in the ifom Gil 3 HEIGHT law enforcement situation in this coun- PAD REAL OLD try. Nearly 200 million people are no more going to be pushed around forever LINCOLN CENTS by a minority of outlaws than the early --for only settlers of San Francisco were. Will the 104 3 old Lincoln pennies their hands Only brings you people take the law into own —America's most sought-after coin. —or will the courts and the legislatures 1929S, 1916, 1918. (Only one set to a cus- BE 2" TALLER with these foam rubber & tomer.) For all 3 Lincoln coins, plus free felt pads. Insert into any pair of shoes do what the police did in Orlando, St. catalog illustrating coins and supplies, for new walking comfort, added height. of coins from our approval Louis, and Chicago and enter the picture plus selections Durable; invisible; interchangeable; need service returnable without obligation, no gluing. For proper fit state shoe size. on the side of the people and against the send 10^ to LITTLETON COIN CO., Dept. $2.95 per pair, ppd. Select Values, Inc., R-15, Littleton, New Hampshire 03561. Dept. AL-14, 30-68 Steinway St., Long bad guys? the end Island City, N.Y. 11103. 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 ,

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ORDERFREEDIRECT FROM MONROE CATALOG Why pay fancy prices for folding tables? Order DIRECT from MONROE! Almost 100,000 customers save time, trouble and MONEY by buying tables this easy, low-cost way! Mail coupon now for FREE catalog! ANTIQUE TELEPHONE from the Roaring i- The MONROE Co. 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 50054 — Twenties. Reconditioned; ready for use with standard Please send me your latest direct-price catalog. cord, 4-prong plug. In red, I green, white, yellow, blue, beige, gold Name black. Only $15.95 (plus $1.00 shipping charge). Send for brochure on complete Address line of phones. Grand Com Inc., Dept City _State_ _Zip_ E-AL-6, 4 E. 46th St., N.Y., N.Y. 10017. L THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 55 r

UNEVEN TRIP Now and then even those people on PARTING SHOTS the gravy train get their lumps. F. O. Walsh

FLAWED DIAMOND My wife's the apple of my eye. She drives quite well, can bake a pie. She's read some Shakespeare, Plato, Blake, She barbecues a perfect steak. She sews, she cleans, she loves our kids. In crises always keeps her wits. She has no yen for fur of mink. She can, imaided, fix the sink, She makes an excellent martini And looks superb in a bikini. She's perfect in so many ways But—she's never heard of Willie Mays. Iren Raisler

VICIOUS CIRCLE Getting up early would be easy if going to bed early weren't so hard. Hal Chadwick

THE TERRIBLE TEENS My son has reached that age (While growing like a tree)

Where I can stand his presence; So now he can't stand me. Fred W. Norman "It's not an ulcer yet, but he told me to stay away from spicy foods and Tommy's new math." HOW TRUE THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Heroes: The upper mettle class.

Raymond J. Cvikota

EVENING OUT TURNABOUT IS FAIR PLAY Strange how we find My husband and I had been plagued beyond endurance by door to door doing the town salesmen, so when the "last straw" landed on our doorstep, with a home When staggering prices improvement scheme, we turned the tables on him. That go down! He had barely made the purpose of his mission known when we began Never Thomas Usk our own sales pitch. We tried to sell him our car, our furniture, and anything else in sight. He left in confusion, stammering apologies for not making a purchase, and we collapsed, howling, on the couch. SUSPENSEFUL SITUATION Two days later we were astonished to see him return, this time with a About the most daring hold-up we companion. "I hope you folks won't mind," he said in his apologetic tone. have ever witnessed was when our 14- "I brought my manager to meet you. He just wouldn't believe me!" year-old daughter wore her first strapless. B. Papke D. O. Flynn

CONSULTATION A country doctor had visited an ailing mountaineer regularly for a month. When the old man showed no improvement another physi- cian was asked to make an examination. The second doctor came and bent over the skeletal form. "Did Doctor Bradley take your pulse yesterday?" he asked. "I don't think so," gasped the old man. "Only thing I've missed this week is my watch." Lane Olinc.house

R. I. P. ON THE FIRST TEE A man returned home after a da\ of golf and was greeted at the door by his wife. Noticing her husband's haggard condition, she became a trifle alarmed. "Dear, what's the matter? You look conipleteh run down."

"Worst day I ever put in oi; a golf course in my life," he answered. "To start things off, Charlie dropped dead on the first tee." "Oh. no! It must have Ijcen terrible." "It certainly was," the husband said, slumping into a chair. "Hit the "He's right. The soup is cold." ball—drag Charlie; hit the ball—drag Charlie." Paul Greeley, Jr. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1967 Welcome Scotch The W)rld Over! DEWARS White Label and ANCESTOR

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