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Introduction Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019)

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Introduction Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019) Citation: Bibi, F., & Yousaf, A. (2020). Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019). Global Pakistan Studies Research Review, III(I), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2020(III-I).02 Pages: 15 – 23 Vol. III, No. I (2020) ISSN-P: 2788-5003 ISSN-E: 2788-5275 Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019) Fozia BiBi* Abida Yousaf† Media has become an important part of every society. However, the role of media differs from society to Abstract society. Media in Pakistan has also become an important pillar of State. Before 2000, Print media and electronic media were the key tools of information and communication. However, since 2000 media is enjoying liberty to express the reality and facts. In this regard, President Musharaf has played positive role to allow the freedom and liberty to media. Moreover, now social media is also playing significant role to provide access to all citizens to rest of world. Media plays significant role in the general elections of Pakistan. Media has the ability to affect the elections via giving more or less coverage to some specific candidates and parties. Therefore, during elections and after elections, media keep an eye on the policies and actions of ruling party. However, there should be consensus among different channels on sensitive issues especially related with the security of Pakistan like Civil-Military relations, role of army, centre-province relations, and terrorism, religious and ethnic issues. As media is a key tool to create harmony and peace in Pakistani society. Key Words: Mass Media, Communication, Social Constructivism, Internet, TV, Face Book, Twitter Introduction In contemporary world, media has become an internet and technoloGy it is easy for a common citizen important part of our daily life. Media is also a source to Get access to information, news and entertainment. to Get relax because of its entertainment proGrams. It Radio Pakistan was established on August 14, also helps to know about politics, economic, social 1947 as first Broadcasting Service of Pakistan. At that happeninGs throuGhout the world. However there are time, there were three radio stations in Pakistan, first different sources of media, for instance; Print media, was at East Pakistan (Dhaka) and it was established in newspapers, journals, books, radio, Television (TV), 1939, second was in Peshawar (1936) and third was in and social media such as Face book, Twitter, Lahore (1937). Moreover, the first TV station was InstaGram, GooGle, internet etc. One cannot deny the commenced on November 26, 1964, and later on in role and siGnificance of traditional and modern media. Dhaka, Rawalpindi in 1965 and fourth was established Mass media is a key source of communication to in Karachi on 1966. Peshawar and Quetta centres access the huge majority of public. From 1400s radio, were created in 1974. However, now we have more cassettes, DVDs, tape recorders and CDs, since 1800s than ninety Pakistani TV and numerous foreiGn cinema, and 1950 TV, internet since 1990 and mobile channels. phones since 2000 have become a key source of Article 19 of the Constitution of Pakistan (1973), information throuGhout world. Since Arab SprinG also states that all citizens shall be given the right of (2010), the role of social media such as Twitter, Face freedom of speech and expression, freedom of press. book etc has increased. Social media is also playing an The role and influence is undeniable fact and it is the influential role to spread information as because of need of every society. However, the attitude of *Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Post Graduate College Settelite Town Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. †Lecturer, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2020(III-I).02 DOI: 10.31703/gpsrr.2020(III-I).02 Fozia BiBi and Abida Yousaf audience, content creator and the mindset of a society always construct, or constitute social reality, even as also play an important role. Therefore, the impacts of their beinG which can only be social, is constructed for mass media could be positive or neGative. The role of them.” media is essential in the formulation of public opinion, Social constructivism theory helps to understand perceptions, and awareness. The relation of media the role of norms, values and identities in and politics is also vital in this regard. Media is a bridge contemporary politics. This study mainly focuses on between Government and common citizens. the role of media in the politics of Pakistan. So, the AccordinG to a Report, “a modern democratic society analysis of constructivism is also revolving around the cannot exist without communications media.” norms, values of Pakistani society. Katzenstein called Moreover, the role of media becomes more important it “a standard of appropriate behaviours for actors in democracy and it highlights the policies, with a Given identity.” Media hiGhliGhts and helps in achievements and failures of government and the makinG of public opinion on some particular lines. opposite parties. Different politicians in Pakistan also rely on media to The aim of this paper is to hiGhliGht the role of shape and re-shape the public perceptions. media in the politics of Pakistan (from 2000 to 2019). Constructivist scholar such as Alexander Wendt This will help to understand the importance of mass believes that this world is socially constructed. Media media in the formulation of public opinion. This paper hiGhliGhts different events, proGrams, etc with a will also helpful to analyze the role of media to frame specific aGenda and purpose. Like media has the ability the Government policies, achievements and failure. to affect the General elections. In this reGard, the This paper also aims to highlight the role of different positive imaGe building, providing full coveraGe to opposition parties in the politics of Pakistan. This some candidates may helpful to increase the voters of paper is mainly covering the role of media in the that political party. DurinG election campaiGn the anti- politics of Pakistan especially from 2000 to 2019. corruption and accountability of politician aGenda of Imran Khan was GettinG the attention of many people Analysis of Role of Media in the Politics of especially youngsters and media was also providing it Pakistan through Constructivism Approach maximum coveraGe. ‘Naya Pakistan’ notion of Imran Khan was also a topic of debate among all channels Constructivism hiGhliGhts the role and importance of and general public. norms, values, ideas, perceptions and their influence in politics. The identities, actions and values are shape However, less coveraGe of some politicians and by the ideas of actors. States are constructed socially political parties may also affect their support. and the policies of a State are also influenced by its Moreover, media actively hiGhliGhts different issues values and identities. The term ‘Constructivism’ was and public response which ultimately force the ruling coined by Nicholas Onuf in his work “World of Our elite to take actions according to the public demands. MakinG: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and For instance; Kasur incident, the removal of Atif Mian International Relations (1989).” Alexander Wendt from the post of economic advisor to Prime Minister, (1995) also hiGhliGhts the social construction of world prices control actions by Imran Khan etc. politics. Moreover, this theory also emphasizes on the Constructivism also Gives particular attention to importance of culture to explain the different events norms, values and identities. Every society has its own which are happeninG within a society. values, norms and identity. Therefore, politicians remain careful because media is a watch-doG of their The social interaction of different actors also activities and policies on one hand. On the other hand, constructs behavioural chanGes. For instance, social the role of media is also expected to comply with the interaction between different politicians and public, norms, values and identity of Pakistani society. Public between media, Government and public also produce response and acceptance is equally important for some vital chanGes in the society. Constructivism also media to Get enouGh audience to follow them. stresses upon the siGnificance of human rights, perceptions, norms and their impacts on society. Moreover, Constructivism hiGhliGhts those norms, Some Key Functions of Media values, ideas, and perceptions are socially One of the key functions of the media to report thinGs constructed. Media either it is print, electronic or and events those are happening in society. Besides social always plays siGnificant role in every society. coveraGe of different news, it is also the responsibility Media plays vital role in the construction of different of media to provide information to public. Moreover, facts, incidents etc. Nicholas Onuf states that, “people media also plays siGnificant role to create awareness 16 Global Pakistan Studies Research Review (GPSRR) Role of Media in the Politics of Pakistan (2000-2019) among public via informing them about all social, media. PTI, PPP and PML (N) emerGed as three key political, economic affairs of State and world as well. Political parties of Pakistan. These parties used print, Media in Pakistan also highlights the weaknesses and electronic and social media for the advertisement of good policies of governments, corruption of political their manifesto, posters, and aGenda etc. The political elite, nepotism
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