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Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision

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Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision Willamette National Forest Detroit Ranger District September 2007 Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision September 2007 Executive Summary Since the original Upper North Santiam Watershed analysis was prepared in 1995, there have been a number of natural events and management activities that have reshaped natural processes and management opportunities in the watershed. Significant natural events since 1995 include two large fires which have burned approximately 15% of the acres in the watershed (the B&B fire in 2003 burned 15,000 acres in the watershed and the Puzzle Fire in 2006 burned another 6,000 acres), the 1996 flood event, and the Pamelia Creek torrent. Management activities that have helped to reshape the baseline conditions1 in the watershed since 1995 include the replacement of four Highway 22 bridges, the redefinition of the Northwest Forest Plan (particularly direction related to Survey and Manage and the Aquatic Conservation Strategy), and the increased emphasis on active restoration. The management activities and natural events of the last 12 years have resulted in some notable changes to the baseline conditions of the watershed. Perhaps most significant is the fire-related change in vegetation patterns. Stands affected by the B&B and Puzzle Fires were largely in the stem exclusion stage. After these fires, it is estimated that 90% of the acreage affected by the B&B Fire and 45% of the acreage affected by the Puzzle Fire have converted back to the stand initiation class. For aquatics, it appears as though recent restoration activities (including wood placement in streams) and protection of riparian areas are improving the condition of the watershed. Although road densities have dropped in the watershed since 1995, a lack of maintenance on the road system continues to provide management challenges. Recreation remains a popular activity in the Upper North Santiam. Detroit Lake is now the highest used lake for boating activities. The increased population of the Willamette Valley has resulted in increased recreational pressure on the Detroit Ranger District, particularly in dispersed areas. Accordingly, recent management on the District has focused on the resource concerns associated with this dispersed recreation. The recommendations contained in this watershed revision largely focus on restoration-type activities and are concentrated in certain “hot-spots.” The Upper North Santiam Project Prioritization work (which this watershed revision is based on) identified a number of these “hot- spots” including Detroit Flats, Santiam Flats, dispersed sites around the watershed, Road 2257, and Marion Forks/Marion Basin. Based on the continued need and emphasis on watershed restoration in the Upper North Santiam watershed, it appears as though this watershed is a good candidate for a stewardship project in the near future. Many of the watershed restoration and maintenance recommendations included in this revision are activities that can be appropriately funded through the stewardship authority. In addition, utilizing stewardship may provide a needed source of income and employment opportunities for the local community. 1 The baseline conditions referred to here and elsewhere in the document refers to the conditions described in the 1995 Upper North Santiam Watershed. i Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision September 2007 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... ii Table and Figures .................................................................................................................................. iv I. Why are we doing a watershed revision? ............................................................................................ 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Watershed Revision Process ............................................................................................................ 1 Organization of Document ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Upper North Santiam Watershed Overview ...................................................................................... 2 Setting .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Characterization ............................................................................................................................... 2 Management Considerations ............................................................................................................ 4 III. Update to Watershed Conditions ...................................................................................................... 5 Summary of Major Changes in Watershed since 1995 .................................................................... 5 Resource-Specific Updates .............................................................................................................. 6 Botany .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................................... 13 Economics and Local Communities .............................................................................................. 14 Fire and Fuels ................................................................................................................................. 15 Fisheries ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Hydrology ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Lands and Minerals ........................................................................................................................ 33 Recreation ...................................................................................................................................... 34 Recreation – Scenery Resources .................................................................................................... 39 Roads/Trails ................................................................................................................................... 41 Soils ............................................................................................................................................... 42 Special Management Areas – Late Successional Reserves............................................................ 43 Special Management Areas – Wilderness ...................................................................................... 44 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................................... 46 Wildlife .......................................................................................................................................... 51 IV. Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 55 Potential Projects ........................................................................................................................... 55 V. List of Specialists Involved with Project Prioritization/Watershed Revision .................................. 80 VI. Citations ......................................................................................................................................... 81 ii Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision September 2007 Appendix A – List of Surveyed Culverts in the Watershed ................................................................. 82 iii Upper North Santiam Watershed Revision September 2007 Table and Figures Tables Table 1. Land Allocations in the Upper North Santiam Watershed............................................................. 4 Table 2. Management Areas in the Upper North Santiam Watershed ......................................................... 4 Table 3. Sensitive Plant Species in the Upper Santiam Watershed .............................................................. 7 Table 4. Survey and Manage and other Species of Concern in the Upper North Santiam Watershed ......... 9 Table 5. Severity of large fires in the Upper North Santiam Watershed ................................................... 18 Table 6. Progression of Puzzle Fire ........................................................................................................... 20 Table 7 Chinook salmon released in the Upper North Santiam since 2000 ................................................ 26 Table 8. Miles of Stream Surveyed 1996-2001 .......................................................................................... 27 Table 9. Campsites within the Upper North Santiam (Inventoried Sites) ................................................... 34 Table 10. 1996 - 2006 Annual Mountain Pine Beetle Damage in
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