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Prefijo Csv Fecha Y Hora Del Documento Geiser Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f -CGL 2008-04814-C02/BOS (Juan Francisco Beltrán). -CGL2017-86924-P (Miguel Tejedo & Alfredo Nicieza). - 1 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida -CGL2011-25062 (Rafael Márquez). Cover image: Rafael Márquez ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f Integrating modelling, environmental physiology and conservation traits. PhD dissertation: 2020 Seville Programa de Doctorado de Biología Integrada Linea de investigación: Biología Animal: Fisiología, Biotecnología, Biodiversidad, Evolución y Conservación - 2 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f Index Resumen general 5 General abstract 6 General introduction 7 Objectives 17 Chapter 1. Niche models at inter and intraspecific levels reveal hierarchical niche differentiation in midwife toads. 22 Abstract 23 Introduction 24 Methods 25 Results 30 Discussion 38 Chapter 2. Climate change challenges IUCN conservation priorities: a test with western Mediterranean amphibians. 47 Abstract 48 Introduction 49 Methods 51 Results 53 Discussion 58 Chapter 3. Climate stability explains geographic variation in range size in European reptiles and amphibians 69 Abstract 70 Introduction 71 Methods 73 Results 76 Discussion 80 Chapter 4. Thermal and moisture conditions influencing physiological constraints across different ontogenic stages in midwife toads (Alytes sp.) 90 Abstract 91 Introduction 92 - 3 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f Methods 94 Results 98 Discussion 103 Chapter 5. Melannophore metachrosis response in amphibian tadpoles: effect of background colour, light and temperature 110 Abstract 111 Introduction 112 Methods 113 Results 116 Discussion 119 General discussion 124 Conclusions 129 Future perspectives 132 Annex. Can environmental niche models at intraspecific levels reveal ongoing divergence in amphibians? 134 Acknowledgements 138 Supplementary material 140 Chapter 1 141 Chapter 2 146 Chapter 3 154 Chapter 5 165 Published works derived from this Thesis 167 →References at the end of each section - 4 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f Resumen general Los anfibios están entre los organismos más dependientes de las condiciones ambientales, estando limitados por características fisiológicas diferentes según sus estadios de vida (larvario o adulto). Además, nuestra área de estudio, el Mediterráneo Occidental, presenta una interesante historia paleogeográfica y paleo-climática, con la aparición y desaparición de barreras físicas o ambientales, derivadas estas últimas de los relativamente rápidos cambios climáticos producidos durante las glaciaciones. Es importante destacar que los anfibios son el grupo de vertebrados más amenazado a nivel global y que, en el actual escenario de Cambio Global, y más específicamente de Cambio Climático, esperamos cambios bruscos en el hábitat disponible para estas especies. Por esta razón, el estudio de la evolución del nicho, y sus perspectivas futuras, es una herramienta esencial para la conservación. En este trabajo abordamos este tema mediante una aproximación integrada dividida en dos bloques principales. Un primer bloque centrado en el modelado de nicho ambiental, incluyendo la evolución en la divergencia de este, escenarios futuros y condiciones pasadas que afectan la distribución actual de los anfibios en nuestra área de estudio. Y un segundo bloque que analiza las cuestiones fisiológicas que afectan a ambas fases de vida, e indagando en la respuesta de estos organismos para adaptarse a condiciones ambientales subóptimas. En el resumen gráfico de la página 7 mostramos un esquema de nuestra visión en esta tesis y sus futuras perspectivas. Nuestros resultados muestran que la divergencia de nicho ambiental tiene un papel clave en la evolución, que la estabilidad climática es un promotor de la diversidad en los anfibios del Mediterráneo Occidental y que el calentamiento climático antrópico afectará la disponibilidad de hábitat de estas especies de diferentes maneras, con reducciones en algunas y aumentos en otros. Esperamos que nuestros datos, unidos a futuras investigaciones, proporcionen información útil para la conservación de este grupo tan amenazado. - 5 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE VALIDACIÓN O00008745e2000052673 https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f General abstract Amphibians are one of the most environment dependent organism, being limited by physiological traits at two main life stages (larvae and adult). In addition, the Western Mediterranean region, our study area, has an old and interesting palaeogeographic and palaeo- climatic history, with the apparition and disappearance of barriers, and relatively fast climate changes between glacial periods. Furthermore, Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates at global scale and, in the actual scenario of Global Change, and specifically, Climate change, we expect severe changes in the habitat suitability for these species. For this reason, the study of the evolution of the niche, and the future perspectives for it, is an essential tool for the conservation goal. In this work we assess this issue throughout an integrated approach with two main blocks. First, an ecological niche modelling approach, including evolution of niche divergence, future niche scenarios, past environment variables affecting the current distribution of amphibians. And secondly, a physiological analysis block, analysing physiological traits at the two life stages, and inquiring in response of organisms in order to adapt to suboptimal environmental conditions. In the graphical abstract (pg 7) we provide our view about the approach in this Thesis and their future perspectives. Our results show that divergence of environmental niche have a key role in evolution, that climatic stability is a promoter of diversity in Western Mediterranean amphibians and that anthropogenic climate warming will affect habitat suitability of these species in different way, with reductions in some and increases in others. We expect our data and future research will provide useful information for conservation of this threatened group. - 6 - Código seguro de Verificación : GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f | Puede verificar la integridad este documento en siguiente dirección https://sede.administracionespublicas.gob.es/valida ÁMBITO- PREFIJO CSV FECHA Y HORA DEL DOCUMENTO GEISER GEISER-5a1e-b7ce-6185-413a-9b75-3f78-942d-a71f 23/10/2020 08:09:13 Horario peninsular Nº registro DIRECCIÓN DE
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