A Comparative Study of the Thermal Tolerance of Tadpoles of Iberian Anurans
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This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
(This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Toxicon 60 (2012) 967–981 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Antimicrobial peptides and alytesin are co-secreted from the venom of the Midwife toad, Alytes maurus (Alytidae, Anura): Implications for the evolution of frog skin defensive secretions Enrico König a,*, Mei Zhou b, Lei Wang b, Tianbao Chen b, Olaf R.P. Bininda-Emonds a, Chris Shaw b a AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU – Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany b Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK article info abstract Article history: The skin secretions of frogs and toads (Anura) have long been a known source of a vast Received 23 March 2012 abundance of bioactive substances. -
Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER
Volume 23 (July 2013), 153–160 FULL PAPER Herpetological Journal Published by the British Integrating mtDNA analyses and ecological niche Herpetological Society modelling to infer the evolutionary history of Alytes maurus (Amphibia; Alytidae) from Morocco Philip de Pous1, 2, 3, Margarita Metallinou2, David Donaire-Barroso4, Salvador Carranza2 & Delfi Sanuy1 1Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, Departament de Producció Animal (Fauna Silvestre), Universitat de Lleida, E-125198, Lleida, Spain, 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain, 3Society for the Preservation of Herpetological Diversity, Oude Molstraat 2E, 2513 BB, Den Haag, the Netherlands, 4Calle Mar Egeo 7, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Spain We aimed at determining the effects of past climatic conditions on contemporary intraspecific genetic structuring of the endemic Moroccan midwife toad Alytes maurus using mitochondrial DNA (12S, 16S and cytochrome b) analysis and ecological niche modelling. Unexpectedly, our genetic analyses show thatA. maurus presents a low level of variability in the mitochondrial genes with no clear geographical structuring. The low genetic variation in mtDNA can be explained by a much broader climatic suitability during the Last Glacial Maximum that allowed the connection among populations and subsequent homogenization as a consequence of gene flow. Key words: biogeography, haplotype network, Köppen-Geiger, Maghreb, Maxent, midwife toad, Pleistocene glaciations INTRODUCTION knowledge and geographic distribution. The specific status of A. maurus was later confirmed by osteological, he Moroccan midwife toad (Alytes maurus Pasteur mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA evidence T& Bons, 1962), endemic to northern Morocco, is the (Fromhage et al., 2004; Martínez-Solano et al., 2004; only African representative of the family Alytidae which Gonçalves et al., 2007). -
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Mediterranean Basin
Chapter 9 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Mediterranean Basin Kerim Çiçek and Oğzukan Cumhuriyet Kerim Çiçek and Oğzukan Cumhuriyet Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70357 Abstract The Mediterranean basin is one of the most geologically, biologically, and culturally complex region and the only case of a large sea surrounded by three continents. The chapter is focused on a diversity of Mediterranean amphibians and reptiles, discussing major threats to the species and its conservation status. There are 117 amphibians, of which 80 (68%) are endemic and 398 reptiles, of which 216 (54%) are endemic distributed throughout the Basin. While the species diversity increases in the north and west for amphibians, the reptile diversity increases from north to south and from west to east direction. Amphibians are almost twice as threatened (29%) as reptiles (14%). Habitat loss and degradation, pollution, invasive/alien species, unsustainable use, and persecution are major threats to the species. The important conservation actions should be directed to sustainable management measures and legal protection of endangered species and their habitats, all for the future of Mediterranean biodiversity. Keywords: amphibians, conservation, Mediterranean basin, reptiles, threatened species 1. Introduction The Mediterranean basin is one of the most geologically, biologically, and culturally complex region and the only case of a large sea surrounded by Europe, Asia and Africa. The Basin was shaped by the collision of the northward-moving African-Arabian continental plate with the Eurasian continental plate which occurred on a wide range of scales and time in the course of the past 250 mya [1]. -
Antimicrobial Peptides with Therapeutic Potential from Skin Secretions of Polyploid Frogs of the Pipidae Family
Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family Milena Mechkarska Thesis committee Promotor Prof. dr. Jerry M. Wells Professor of Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University Co-promotor Prof. J. Michael Conlon Professor of Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE Other members Prof. Sylvie Dufour, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Prof. Eric W. Roubos, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. ir. Huub Savelkoul, Wageningen University Prof. Liliane Schoofs, KU Leuven, Belgium This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS) Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family Milena Mechkarska Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 7 May 2013 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Milena Mechkarska Antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of polyploid frogs of the Pipidae family, 226 pages. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2013) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-94-6173-550-8 To my family: The ones who love, support, care and forgive Table of contents -
The Rediscovered Hula Painted Frog Is a Living Fossil
ARTICLE Received 30 Oct 2012 | Accepted 30 Apr 2013 | Published 4 Jun 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2959 The rediscovered Hula painted frog is a living fossil Rebecca Biton1, Eli Geffen2, Miguel Vences3, Orly Cohen2, Salvador Bailon4, Rivka Rabinovich1,5, Yoram Malka6, Talya Oron6, Renaud Boistel7, Vlad Brumfeld8 & Sarig Gafny9 Amphibian declines are seen as an indicator of the onset of a sixth mass extinction of life on earth. Because of a combination of factors such as habitat destruction, emerging pathogens and pollutants, over 156 amphibian species have not been seen for several decades, and 34 of these were listed as extinct by 2004. Here we report the rediscovery of the Hula painted frog, the first amphibian to have been declared extinct. We provide evidence that not only has this species survived undetected in its type locality for almost 60 years but also that it is a surviving member of an otherwise extinct genus of alytid frogs, Latonia, known only as fossils from Oligocene to Pleistocene in Europe. The survival of this living fossil is a striking example of resilience to severe habitat degradation during the past century by an amphibian. 1 National Natural History Collections, Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. 2 Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. 3 Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. 4 De´partement Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversite´, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7209–7194 du CNRS,55 rue Buffon, CP 55, Paris 75005, France. 5 Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. -
Tesis Doctoral 2014 Biología Y Conservación Del Ferreret
TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 BIOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL FERRERET ALYTES MULETENSIS Samuel Piña Fernández 1 2 . Citación sugerida: Piña, S. (2014). Biologia y Conservación del Ferreret (Alytes muletensis). Tesis Doctoral. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Dirección actual: Universitat de les Illes Balears Departament de Biologia. Àrea d’Ecologia Carretera de Valldemossa km. 7.5 07122 Palma E-mail: [email protected] 3 iv TESI DOCTORAL 2014 Programa de Doctorat d’Ecologia Marina BIOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL FERRERET, ALYTES MULETENSIS Samuel Piña Fernández Director: Valentín Pérez Mellado Ponent: Misericòrida Ramón Sampere Doctor por la Universitat de les Illes Balears v vi INDICE DE LOS CONTENIDOS AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................................ xi OBJETIVO DE LA TESIS ....................................................................................................... xiii ESTRUCTURA DE LA TESIS .................................................................................................. xv RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................ xvii SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... xix CAPÍTULO I. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. CUANDO LA CIENCIA DESCUBRE AL FERRERET .................................................... -
Tesis Doctoral 2014 Biología Y Conservación
TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 BIOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL FERRERET ALYTES MULETENSIS Samuel Piña Fernández 1 2 . Citación sugerida: Piña, S. (2014). Biologia y Conservación del Ferreret (Alytes muletensis). Tesis Doctoral. Universitat de les Illes Balears. Dirección actual: Universitat de les Illes Balears Departament de Biologia. Àrea d’Ecologia Carretera de Valldemossa km. 7.5 07122 Palma E-mail: [email protected] 3 iv TESI DOCTORAL 2014 Programa de Doctorat d’Ecologia Marina BIOLOGÍA Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL FERRERET, ALYTES MULETENSIS Samuel Piña Fernández Director: Valentín Pérez Mellado Ponent: Misericòrida Ramón Sampere Doctor por la Universitat de les Illes Balears v vi INDICE DE LOS CONTENIDOS AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................................ xi OBJETIVO DE LA TESIS ....................................................................................................... xiii ESTRUCTURA DE LA TESIS .................................................................................................. xv RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................ xvii SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... xix CAPÍTULO I. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. CUANDO LA CIENCIA DESCUBRE AL FERRERET .................................................... -
Relationship of Environmental Temperatures and Activity of Chelydra Serpentina in Southeastern Pennsylvania, USA
Herpetological Bulletin (2014) 127: 1-9 Review Article Relationship of environmental temperatures and activity of Chelydra serpentina in Southeastern Pennsylvania, USA CARL H. ERNST1,4, ARNDT F. LAEMMERZAHL2 AND SANDRA D’ALESSANDRO3 1 Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, mrc 162, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA. 2 Biology Program, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA. 17350 3 Wichita Court, Apt. 13, Manassas, Virginia 20109, USA. 4 Corresponding Author, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Thermal ecology and daily and annual activity periods of the turtle Chelydra serpentina were studied from 1964-1992 in southeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Turtle activity and related cloacal body temperature (BT) were most influenced by the temperature of the medium the turtle experienced; water temperature when aquatic (WT, r = 0.92) or air (AT, r = 0.87) when on land. Most captures were aquatic. Annually turtles were active after emergence from hibernation in early March, and remained active until reentering hibernacula in early October. Daily activity normally lasted from about 07:00 h to when it became too dark to locate the animals. Most activity occurred between 08:00-13:00h, but some crepuscular or nocturnal foraging activity occurred as some turtles were found in the morning in traps that had been freshly baited the evening before. Also, some nesting females oviposited after dark or dur- ing the crepuscular morning hours. Activity on land was essentially restricted to nesting females. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS ody temperature data from free living Snapping turtles were studied during over 1,000 BChelydra serpentina in the MidAtlantic collecting trips from 1964 to 1992 at the White region of the USA are generally lacking, as Oak area, a 2.5 ha soft-bottomed mill pond most studies of its temperature tolerances have bounded by 10 ha of mixed marsh and woodland been conducted in laboratories using controlled habitat formed by the damming of Big Chickies thermal gradients. -
Biogeografia Dos Sapos-Parteiros (Alytes Spp.)
Alytes obstetricans © Iñigo Martínez -Solano Biogeografia dos sapos -parteiros (Alytes spp.): análise multilocus das relações filogenéticas e da diversificação intraespecífica D Bruno Maia -Carvalho Doutoramento em Biodiversidade, Genética e Evolução InBIO 2016 Orientador Nuno Ferrand de Almeida, Professor Catedrático, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Coorientadores Helena Gonçalves, Investigadora de Pós -doutoramento, CIBIO-UP Iñigo Martínez -Solano, Científico Titular, MNCN-CSIC Biogeografia dos sapos -parteiros ( Alytes spp.): análise multilocus das relações filogenéticas e da diversificação intraespecífica Bruno Maia -Carvalho Orientadores: Nuno Ferrand de Almeida Maria Helena Aguiar Gonçalves Iñigo Martínez-Solano Porto – Portugal 2016 Nota prévia Na elaboração desta dissertação, e nos termos do número 2 do Artigo 4º do Regulamento Geral dos Terceiros Ciclos de Estudos da Universidade do Porto e do Artigo 31º do D.L. 74/2006, de 24 de Março, com a nova redação introduzida pelo D.L. 230/2009, de 14 de Setembro, foi efetuado o aproveitamento total de um conjunto coerente de trabalhos de investigação já publicados ou submetidos para publicação em revistas internacionais indexadas e com arbitragem científica, os quais integram alguns dos capítulos da presente tese. Tendo em conta que os referidos trabalhos foram realizados com a colaboração de outros autores, o candidato esclarece que, em todos eles, participou ativamente na conceção, obtenção, análise e discussão de resultados, bem como na elaboração da sua forma publicada. A presente investigação foi apoiada pelo Ministério da Ciência Tecnologia e Ensino Superior do Governo de Portugal e pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), através da atribuição de uma bolsa de doutoramento SFRH/BD/60305/2009. -
And Intraspecific Levels Reveal Hierarchical Niche
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Niche models at inter‑ and intraspecifc levels reveal hierarchical niche diferentiation in midwife toads Eduardo José Rodríguez‑Rodríguez 1*, Juan F. Beltrán 1, Miguel Tejedo 2, Alfredo G. Nicieza 3,4, Diego Llusia 5,6, Rafael Márquez 7 & Pedro Aragón 8 Variation and population structure play key roles in the speciation process, but adaptive intraspecifc genetic variation is commonly ignored when forecasting species niches. Amphibians serve as excellent models for testing how climate and local adaptations shape species distributions due to physiological and dispersal constraints and long generational times. In this study, we analysed the climatic factors driving the evolution of the genus Alytes at inter- and intraspecifc levels that may limit realized niches. We tested for both diferences among the fve recognized species and among intraspecifc clades for three of the species (Alytes obstetricans, A. cisternasii, and A. dickhilleni). We employed ecological niche models with an ordination approach to perform niche overlap analyses and test hypotheses of niche conservatism or divergence. Our results showed strong diferences in the environmental variables afecting species climatic requirements. At the interspecifc level, tests of equivalence and similarity revealed that sister species were non-identical in their environmental niches, although they neither were entirely dissimilar. This pattern was also consistent at the intraspecifc level, with the exception of A. cisternasii, whose clades appeared to have experienced a lower degree of niche divergence than clades of the other species. In conclusion, our results support that Alytes toads, examined at both the intra- and interspecifc levels, tend to occupy similar, if not identical, climatic environments. -
Action Plan for the Conservation of the Common Midwife Toad (Alytes Obstetricans) in the European Union
Action Plan for the Conservation of the Common Midwife Toad (Alytes obstetricans) in the European Union Final draft (17/04/2012) EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2012 THE N2K GROUP European Economic Interest Group • Compiler(s): Violeta Barrios, Concha Olmeda, Ernesto Ruiz (Atecma/N2K Group). • List of contributors ( in alphabetical order ) César Ayres. Vocalía de Conservación, Asociación Herpetológica Española, Spain. Vincent Bentata. Ministère de l’Écologie, de l’Énergie, du Développement Durable et de la Mer, Direction de l’Eau et de la Biodiversité, France. Susanne Böll. Agency for Nature Conservation and Field Ecology, Germany. Adrian Borgula. KARCH, Switzerland. Jaime Bosch. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales/CSIC, Spain. Wilbert Bosman. Stichting RAVON, Netherlands. Rémi Duguet. International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians (ISSCA), France. Philippe Goffart. Département de l’Étude du Milieu naturel et agricole (DEMna), Service Public Wallon, Belgium. Thomas Kordges. Private expert, Germany. Laurent Schley. Service de la Nature, Administration de la Nature et des Forêts, Luxembourg. Benedikt Schmidt. KARCH, Switzerland. José Teixeira. CIBIO, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. Heiko Uthleb. Private expert, Germany. Véronique Verbist. Agentschap voor Natuur en Bos, Belgium. • Recommended citation including ISBN • Cover photo: Male midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans , with eggs. Author: José Alves Teixeira. EU Species Action Plan – Alytes obstetricans 2 Final draft THE N2K GROUP European Economic Interest Group CONTENTS Preface/Introduction.............................................................................................. -
Extinction Resilience of Island Species: an Amphibian Case and a Predictive Model
Diversity 2014, 6, 43-71; doi:10.3390/d6010043 OPEN ACCESS diversity ISSN 1424-2818 www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Article Extinction Resilience of Island Species: An Amphibian Case and a Predictive Model Cristian R. Altaba 1,2 1 Department Philosophy & Social Work, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-670-058-224; Fax: +34-971-248-844 2 Laboratori de Natura, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Passeig Picasso s/n, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain Received: 21 November 2013; in revised form: 4 December 2013 / Accepted: 4 December 2013 / Published: 8 January 2014 Abstract: Extreme overall divergence and high extinction rates are typical of insular endemics. Thus, detecting and understanding nativeness is critical on islands. Resilience to extinction is explored through a mechanistic approach focusing on midwife toads (Anura: Alytidae: Alytinae), an ancient lineage that includes continental and insular species. All alytines need urgent conservation action, including control of emerging diseases and spatially explicit reserve design aimed at ensuring ecosystem health and connectivity. The only extant insular alytine is additionally affected by an introduced continental predator. This alien species acts as a driver of the prey’s near-extinction and has not elicited any evolutionary response. Both IUCN criteria and EDGE scores show that alytines are top conservation priorities. However, there is a need for also considering phenotypic and ecological uniqueness in the assessment of conservation status and urgency. The reason is that phenotypes render ecosystems functional and insular ones uniquely so. In contrast, phylogenetic relatedness is just a constraint upon, not a motor of, evolutionary novelty.