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Biographical Memoirs V.77 Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences ISBN: 0-309-59373-5, 362 pages, 6 x 9, (1999) This free PDF was downloaded from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online, free • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books • Purchase PDFs • Explore with our innovative research tools Thank you for downloading this free PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll-free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This free book plus thousands more books are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for noncommercial, educational purposes, provided that this notice appears on the reproduced materials, the Web address of the online, full authoritative version is retained, and copies are not altered. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the National Academies Press. i ined, a he original t be ret Biographical Memoirs ion. om r f ibut r NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES t cannot not r at o f book, however, version ng, i t at ive at rm riginal paper it o f c hor i f he o t om r he aut f ng-speci http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html Biographical MemoirsV.77 as t ed i t ion peset y iles creat L f her t M is publicat h X t of om and ot r f yles, version posed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. print e recom h heading st t use has been ease l P word breaks, work ed. hs, insert original e h ally t line lengt ion of at accident he original; t o been ue t l represent r a y have a are t m is new digit errors breaks h T age ile: P f F pographic iles. D y f P t e ng is i t h t som peset bout y and t A ii ined, a he original t be ret ion. om r f ibut r t cannot not r at o f book, however, version ng, i t at ive at rm riginal paper it o f c hor i f he o t om r he aut f ng-speci http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html Biographical MemoirsV.77 as t ed i t ion peset y iles creat L f her t M is publicat h X t of om and ot r f yles, version posed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. print e recom h heading st t use has been ease l P word breaks, work ed. hs, insert original e h ally t line lengt ion of at accident he original; t o been ue t l represent r a y have a are t m is new digit errors breaks h T age ile: P f F pographic iles. D y f P t e ng is i t h t som peset bout y and t A iii ined, a he original t be ret ion. om r f Biographical Memoirs ibut r t cannot not r at o f book, VOLUME 77 however, version ng, i NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES t at ive OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA at rm riginal paper it o f c hor i f he o t om r he aut f ng-speci http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html Biographical MemoirsV.77 as t ed i t ion peset y iles creat L f her t M is publicat h X t of om and ot r f yles, version posed Copyright © National Academy ofSciences. Allrights reserved. print e recom h heading st t use has been ease l P word breaks, work ed. hs, insert original e h ally t line lengt ion of at accident he original; t o been ue t l represent r a y have a are t m is new digit errors breaks h T age ile: P f F pographic iles. D y f P t e ng is i t h t NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS som peset bout y WASHINGTON, D.C. 1999 and t A Biographical Memoirs V.77 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html iv The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, non- profit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-06644-1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629 Available from NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.77 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html CONTENTS v CONTENTS riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. PREFACE vii fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, LYMAN JAMES BRIGGS 3 BY PETER BRIGGS MYERS AND JOHANNA M. H. LEVELT SENGERS ROGER WILLIAM BROWN 21 BY JEROME KAGAN PHILIP PACY COHEN 35 BY ROBERT H. BURRIS BERNARD DAVID DAVIS 51 BY WERNER K. MAAS MICHAEL J. S. DEWAR 65 BY JOSEF MICHL AND MARYE ANNE FOX ROBERT HENRY DICKE 79 BY W. HAPPER, P. J. E. PEEBLES, AND D. T. WILKINSON WALTHER FREDERICK. GOEBEL 97 BY MACLYN McCARTY About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.77 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html CONTENTS vi GERTRUDE SCHARFF GOLDHABER 109 BY PETER D. BOND AND ERNEST HENLEY CARL W. GOTTSCHALK 123 BY MAURICE B. BURG JESSE D. JENNINGS 143 BY C. MELVIN AIKENS riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. JOHN GAMBLE KIRKWOOD 163 fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, BY STUART A. RICE AND FRANK H. STILLINGER IZAAK MAURITS KOLTHOFF 177 BY JOHANNES F. COETZEE EDWIN HERBERT LAND 199 BY VICTOR K. MCELHENY RICHARD MACY NOYES 225 BY RICHARD J. FIELD AND JOHN A. SCHELLMAN JAMES OLDS 247 BY RICHARD F. THOMPSON ALWIN MAX PAPPENHEIMER, JR. 265 BY H. SHERWOOD LAWRENCE FREDERICK DOMINIC ROSSINI 283 BY ERNEST L. ELIEL THEODORE WILLIAM SCHULTZ 303 BY D. GALE JOHNSON JOHN CHARLES WALKER 319 BY DONALD J. HAGEDORN GIAN-CARLO WICK 333 BY MAURICE JACOB About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the author Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Biographical Memoirs V.77 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9681.html PREFACE vii PREFACE On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that riginal paper book, not the from original itative version for attribution. brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that fic formatting,fic however, cannot be retained, original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good. The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world. R. STEPHEN BERRY Home Secretary About PDFthis file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created the from o typesetting files. Page breaks are true the line lengths, word breaks, to original; heading styles, and other typesetting-speci and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted.
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