Heidegger's Interpretation of Kant

Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant Renewing Philosophy General Editor: Gary Banham

Titles include:

Kyriaki Goudeli CHALLENGES TO GERMAN IDEALISM Schelling, Fichte and Kant Keekok Lee PHILOSOPHY AND REVOLUTIONS IN GENETICS Jill Marsden AFTER NIETZSCHE Celine Surprenant THE CONCEPT OF THE MASS IN FREUD Jim Urpeth FROM KANT TO DELEUZE Martin Weatherston HEIDEGGER’S INTERPRETATION OF KANT Categories, Imagination and Temporality

Renewing Philosophy Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-91928-6 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difﬁculty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Heidegger’s Interpretation of Kant Categories, Imagination and Temporality

Martin Weatherston Department of Philosophy & Religious Studies East Stroudsburg University East Stroudsburg, PA USA © Martin Weatherston 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-99400-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identiﬁed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-43224-0 ISBN 978-0-230-59734-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230597341 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Weatherston, Martin, 1956– Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant: categories, imagination, and temporality / Martin Weatherston. p. cm. – (Renewing philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-43224-0 1. Heidegger, Martin, 1889–1976. 2. Kant, Immanuel, 1724–1804 – Inﬂuence. I. Title. II. Series. B3279.H49 W43 2002 193–dc21 2002072312

10987654321 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 To Graeme Nicholson This page intentionally left blank Contents

Series Editor’s Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction: Categories and the Question of Being 1 Truth and the categories 9 Transcendence and freedom 17 1 Laying the Foundations of Metaphysics in Ontology 22 Laying the foundations of metaphysics as science 22 The nature of our a priori knowledge 30 2 The Transcendental Aesthetic and the Unity of the Faculties 41 The Transcendental Aesthetic 41 The unity of the faculties in syndosis 50 3 Transcendental Logic and the Problem of Judgement 67 Judgement and ontological predication 67 The categories as ontological predication 76 4 The Relation of the Categories to Ontological Synthesis 85 5 The Problem of the Transcendental Deduction 101 The quaestio juris 101 The threefold synthesis 111

6 Apperception, Objectivity and Temporality 138 Apperception and subjectivity 138 Imagination as the common root of the faculties 155 The schematism 165 Conclusion 173 Notes 178 Bibliography 202 Index 207

vii This page intentionally left blank Series Editor’s Preface

Renewing Philosophy is intended as a forum for new and innovative philosophical investigations that make a substantial contribution not just to scholarship but also to philosophical investigation. Hence it is with some pleasure that I can introduce Martin Weatherston’s stimu- lating investigation into Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant. Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant was for many years known to English-language readers only via the so-called Kantbuch, Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. In recent years, however, the lecture course Heidegger gave on the First Critique has become available under the title Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, a work that considerably adds to the outline of an account Heidegger pre- sented in Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. Whereas the book Heidegger published leaves many matters of his interpretation of Kant unclear, the lecture course ﬁlls in the gaps of his interpretation and may well succeed in making its detail and outline more compelling. In view of these additions to the understanding of Heidegger’s interpretation of Kant a clear evaluation of this interpretation is necessary for a fuller comprehension of the relationship between these philosophers. Martin Weatherston provides precisely this. More than a com- mentary on Heidegger’s account of Kant, this book is not restricted to merely providing a defence of Kant against Heidegger. The scope of the work is provided by the nature of thinking an encounter between such important philosophers as Heidegger and Kant. While Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason has perhaps, more than any other single work, constituted the horizon of philosophical modernity, it is also the case that the author of Being and Time must be one of the foremost philosophers of the last century. An encounter between such thinkers therefore takes the form of an Auseinandersetzung of profound signiﬁcance. It is to the credit of Martin Weatherston that he is able to embrace such a horizon of philosophical contestation without ever giving the impression that the task of thinking the nature of our philosophical situation is ever lost for him in the details of the interpretative situation. While profoundly attentive to each crucial point in the interpretation Heidegger provides and the resources Kant has to resist Heidegger’s interpretation, the horizon which is opened by this encounter is constantly held in view. This achievement of simultane-

ix x Series Editor’s Preface ously presenting a thorough scholarly account and yet not losing the philosophical horizon of assessing the encounter between these thinkers renders the scope of this work impressive. It is my hope that readers of this work will be led, beyond the importance of each point as revealed by Weatherston, to a living sense of the achievement of engaging with such a seminal philosophical encounter. Within the scope of a grasp of this encounter philosophy itself is certainly renewed.

GARY BANHAM Acknowledgements

I would like to acknowledge the kindly critical attention of the follow- ing: Gary Banham, Gordon Nagel, Rolf George and Tom Eshelman. I would also like to thank my wife and family for their forbearance. I would like to thank the Journal of Speculative Philosophy and International Studies in Philosophy for permission to reprise some argu- ments from papers I published with them, and Klostermann Verlag and SUNY Press for permission to quote from their translations. Quotations from Being and Time are reprinted from Being and Time: a Translation of Sein und Zeit by Martin Heidegger, translated by Joan Stambaugh, by permission of the State University of New York Press ©1996, State University of New York. All rights reserved. But most of all I would like to thank Graeme Nicholson for constantly challenging me to exceed my previous limitations in developing this book.