TARIM BILIMLERI DERGISI 2001, 7 (3), 74-80
Ecological, Anatomical and Morphological Studies on Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) in the Coast of İzmir (Aegean Sea-Turkey)
Berrin DURAL° Nilsun DEM İ R2
Geliş Tarihi : 27.02.2001
Abstract: A series of morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of Ulva rigida collected from six locations along the coast of Izmir were determined. The size and morphology of thallus, thickness of marginal, mid and basal regions showed variations according to the changes in season and location. U. rigida consisted of smaller thalli in nutrient limited rough water coast and produced larger, lobed thalli which was characteristic of spring summer growth in relatively stagnant coast rich in nutrients. Thallus length and thallus breadth varied between 2-360 cm and 3-160 cm, respectively. The increased concentrations of nutrients due to the pollution were effective on anatomic and morphometric characters.
Key Words : Ulva rigida, green alga, eutrophication, morphology, anatomy
İzmir Kıyı lannda (Ege Denizi-Türkiye) Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) Üzerine Ekolojik, Anatomik ve Morfolojik Çal ışmalar
Özet : Izmir kıyısı nda 6 bölgeden toplanan U. rigida örneklerinde bir seri morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Tallusun boyutu ve morfolojisi, marjinal, orta ve bazal bölgelerin kal ı nlı kları , mevsim ve bölgesel değişimlere göre varyasyonlar göstermi ştir. U. rigida, besince s ı n ırlı dalgal ı kıyı larda daha küçük tallusa sahipken, besince zengin nisbeten durgun k ıyılarda ise yaz bahar gelişiminin özelli ği olan daha büyük ve loblu tallusa sahiptir. Tallus uzunlu ğu ve genişliği sırasıyla 2-360 cm ile 3-160 cm aras ı nda değişmiştir. Kirlenme nedeniyle artan besin maddeleri derişimi anatomik ve morfometrik özellikleri etkilemektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Ulva rigida, yeşil alg, ötrofıkasyon, morfoloji, anatomi
Introduction
Recently, the Aegean Sea has been exposed to Ulvales species were grouped into pollution tolerated coastal eutrophication (Dural et al., 1989). Especially, algae (Boudouresque 1984) and there is a large scale İzmir bay has been heavily polluted by municipal and distribution in Izmir bay and the outside of the bay. Eight industrial wastes. Ulva rigida C. Ag. forms excessive species of Ulva were recognised in the coast of Turkey populations in areas which has a low diversity due to the and U. rigida was the most common component. This eutrophication. U. rigida has been found widespread along species was frequently found in the inner bay after the shores of the Mediterranean (Malea and Haritonidis, Narl dere. But it was found only in small ports and U. rigida Ieading to anoxia in ı 2000). Extensive blooms of fishermen shelters surrounding point pollution sources in large parts of the Venice lagoon are rapidly reducing the the Karaburun, Çe me and Seferihisar coasts (Güner and quality of the ecosystem and affecting its use as a natural ş Aysel 1978, Zeybek et al. 1983, Güner et al. 1983/84, source for fishing, aquaculture and recreation (Runca et Güner et al. 1985, Dural et al. 1989, Cirik et al. 1990, al., 1996). U. rigida blooms resulting from pollution were Dural 1990, Aysel et al. 1991, Güner et al. 1992, Aysel also reported at the north-western Mediterranean and Erdu ğ an 1995, Aysel and Şipal 1996, Everest et al. (Rodriguez-Prieto and Polo 1996). It was reported that the 1997, Aysel et al. 1998 ). chlorophyte Ulva lactuca was the most abundant organism in the intermediately polluted areas at Quequen, Argentina Earlier studies based on the morphology, biology and (Lopez-Gappa et al. 1990). The Brittany coast line where culture of Ulva genus were done by Dangeard the slope of shore is gentle and the sand is fine, is (1960,1963). Then, Bliding (1968) by undertaking a major consistently affected by annual Ulva sp. blooms (Piriou revision of the genus, used a comprehensive list of 1996). The similar shore structure together with high anatomical and morphological characters to describe the nitrogen flows especially in spring may enhance eight species of Ulva from Europe. Later studies have eutrophication in the coast of İzmir. been based on Bliding's work (Vinogradova 1974, Longo and Giaccone 1974, Hoeksema and Van Den Hoek 1983, Koeman 1985).
Aegean Univ. Fac. of Science, Department of Botany-Izmir 2 Ankara Üniv. Agricultural Faculty, Department of Fisheries-Ankara DURAL, B. ve N. DEM İ R, "Ecological, anatomical and morphological studies on Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) in the coast of Izmir (Aegean sea - Turkey)" 75
Bliding (1968) considered that pyrenoid number, multiple range test were computed to evaluate the thallus thickness, and size and arrangement of cells were differences in terms of the parameters. non-variable characters. Subsequent studies focused on the variability of vegetative characters and have Result and Discussion demonstrated that, in some Ulva species, thallus thickness, cell size and pyrenoid number are too variable In Izmir coast, the morphology of U. rigida varied with for taxonomic use (Vinogradova 1974, Saifullah and the changes in location, season and developmental Nizamuddin 1977). The changes in nutrient concentrations stages. U. rigida consisted of smaller thalli in nutrient resulted from poliution may affect the morphological and limited rough water coast and produced larger, lobed thalli anatomical characters in Ulva species. As a result, culture characteristics of spring summer growth in relatively is necessary for taxonomical studies. But the cell shape in stagnant coast rich in nutrients. Similar patterns of transverse section of the basal region were reported as morphology has been reported for the European and non-variable characters in the southern Australian Ulva southern Australian populations of U. rigida (Dangeard species (Phillips 1988). 1959, 1963, Phillips 1988). 90 % of total thallus from Narl ı dere, 87.5 % from Bal ı kl ı ova and 72.5 % from This study involves a combination of extensive fı eld Çeşme, were found as orbicular, simple or lobed and and anatomical studies. U. rigida from different localities sligthly holed. 65 % from Urla, 60 % from Karaburun and in the Izmir coast has been sampled in an attempt to 55 % from Seferihisar were lanceolat, margines towards evaluate the variation in morphological and anatomical the center were deeply lobed and fenestrated. These characters due to the pollution. showed the effects of hydrodynamism on lanceolate structured individuals. The colour of plant was darker green in sheltered localities. Material and Methods U. rigida populations showed a considerable Izmir bay locates between 38 ° 10' N , 38° 40' N and variation in the size of thallus, cells and the thickness of 26° 15' E, 27° 10' E coordinates (Fig. 1). The bay is thallus (Table 1). The variations in the thickness of heavily polluted from industrial and domestic sources marginal, mid, and basal regions; cell height in transverse which decreases in the outer bay gradually. The deepest section and cell size in surface section were found to be point is 15 m in the inner bay to the Narl ıdere coast and statistically significant by seasons and locations (p<0.05) there is no algae except some Cyanophyceae species. (Table 2). Thickness of thallus was increased from The middle bay (max. depth 45 m) locates between Narl ı dere and Urla. Because the coast between Narl ı dere and Urla shows high diversity, it is evaluated as moderately polluted area and the characteristic pollution tolerated algae are abundant. Urla, Bal ı klı ova and Karaburun are situated in the outer bay. The pollution decreases from Urla to Karaburun gradually. Çe şme and Seferihisar are the least affected coast from pollution since they are located in the outside of the bay.
The samples were taken in January, April, August and November 1998. The samples of U. rigida were collected from the areas surrounding the point pollution sources in the six locations (Narl ı dere, Urla, Bal ı kl ı ova, Karaburun, Çeşme, Seferihisar) on gently sloping rocks and shells.
The concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia- nitrogen and orthophosphate were analysed in the water samples taken from the sampling locations according to Strickland and Parsons (1972). Temperature and pH were measured in situ. Attached individuals from the centre of distribution of the populations were collected. The following measurements were recorded: thallus length and breadth, and the thickness of the marginal, mid and basal regions of the thallus. The basal region of the thallus is defined as the non-rhizoid-containing region immediately adjacent to where there are rhizoids between the two cell layers. A subsample of 10 plants was selected and the following was recorded for each of 10 cells from the marginal, mid and basal region of the thallus : cell length and breadth (in surface view) ançl cell height (in trasverse section) (Phillips 1988). Statistical analysis were performed by using Minitab and Mstat programmes for Fig. 1. The study area and locations of sampling : 1.Narl ıdere, me, 6.Seferihisar Windows. Variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan 2.Urla, 3.Bal ı kkova, 4.Karaburun, 5.Çe ş 76 TARIM BILIMLERI DERG İSİ 2001, Cilt 7, Say 3
Tablo 1. The mean (±Standard deviation), maximum and was 11.5 pm in spring and summer in Narl ı dere, Urla, minimum values of morphometric parameters of U. Karaburun and Seferihisar. rigida in 1998 (N=240)* Parameter Mean±SD Max. Min. Cell length in marginal surface section (MSCL): TL (cm) 26.4±2.58 360 2 The highest mean value of cell length in marginal surface TB (cm) 16.6±1.47 160 3 section was 20 pm in summer in Çe şme. The maximum MT (pm) 52.4±0.50 75.9 34.5 value was measured as 23 pm in summer and in autumn MTCH (pm) 18.8±0.22 27.6 11.5 in Çeşme and Urla. MSCL (pnn) 14.8±0.20 23 8 MSCB (pm) 12.4±0.17 20.7 5.3 The lowest mean value was 12.2 Nm in spring and autumn MiT (pm) 89.1±1.16 185 57.5 in Bal ı kl ı ova and Karaburun and the minimum vaiue was 8 MiTCH (pm) 28.9±0.49 52.9 13.8 pm in spring in Seferihisar. MiSCL (pm) 15.6±0.23 28 9.2 MiSCB (pm) 13.2±0.21 23 6.9 Cell breadth in marginal surface section (MSCB): BT (pm) 140.5±2.3 255 64.4 The highest mean vaiue of cell breadth in marginal surface BTCH (pm) 33.7±0.52 57.5 11.5 section was 16.8 pm in winter in Narl ı dere. The maximum BSCL (pm) 19.3±0.51 43.7 6.9 value was measured as 20.7 pm in summer in Çe şme. BSCB (pm) 16.1±0.41 41.4 6.9 The lowest mean value was 9.7 kim and the minimum *Abbreviations; TL; thallus length, TB; thallus breadth, MT; value was 5.3 pm in spring in Seferihisar. thickness of marginal region, MTCH; cell height in marginal transverse section, MSCL; cell length in marginal surface view, Thickness of the mid region (MiT): The highest MSCB; cell breadth in marginal surface view, MiT; thickness of mean value of mid region thickness and the maximum mid region, MiTCH; cell height in mid transverse section, MiSCL; vaiue were 128.3 pm and 185 1. m in winter in Çe me, cell length in mid surface view, MiSCB; cell breadth in mid surface ı ş view, BT; thickness of basal region, BTCH; cell height in basal respectively. The lowest mean value was 66.9 pm in transverse section, BSCL; cell length in basal surface view, spring in Urla and the minimum value was 57.5 pm in BSCB; cell breadth in basal surface view. spring in Seferihisar.
Cell height in mid transverse section (MiTCH): marginal to basa! region or from spring to winter. The The highest mean value of cell height in mid transverse different hydrodinamic factors like currents, wind, shape of section was 38.4 pm in winter in Bal ı kl ı ova. The maximum shores were supposed to be effective on anatomical vaiue was measured as 52.9 pm in winter in Karaburun. structure as morphology. Also, the increased The lowest mean vaiue was 17.7 pm in winter in Narl ıdere concentrations of nutrients due to the pollution were and the minimum vaiue was 13.8 pm in spring and effective on anatomical characters. summer in Narl ıdere.
Tallus length (TL): The highest mean value of Cell length in mid surface section (MiSCL): The thallus length and the maximum vaiue of U. rigida length highest mean vaiue of cell length in mid surface section were found in spring as 157 and 360 cm in Seferihisar, was 21.4 Nm in spring in Narl ıdere. The maximum value respectively. The values were decreased towards winter. was measured as 28 pm in winter in Çe me. The lowest The lowest mean value of thallus length and the minimum ş mean value was 12 pm in spring and summer in Çe şme value were found as 4.4 and 2 cm in Urla in winter, and Urla. The minimum value was 9.2 pm in spring, respectively. summer and autumn in Çeşme and Urla. Tallus breadth (TB): The breadth of thallus was also Cell breadth in mid surface section (MiSCB): The larger in spring. The mean vaiue of thallus breadth was 92 highest mean vaiue of cell breadth in mid surface section cm and maximum plant breadth was 160 cm in spring in was 19.8 IJM in spring in Narl dere. The maximum vaiue Seferihisar. The lowest mean vaiue of thallus breadth was ı was measured as 23 pm in autumn in Narl dere. The 4.3 cm and the minimum value was 3 cm in autumn in ı lowest mean vaiue was 9.9 pm in summer in Urla and the Karaburun. minimum value was 6.9 pm in spring in Bal ı kl ı ova. Thickness of the marginal region (MT): The highest mean value of marginal region thickness was 64.4 Thickness of the basal region (BT): The highest mean vaiue of basal region thickness was 199.5 pm in pm in autumn and winter in Çe şme and Bal ı kl ıova. The maximum value was measured as 75.9 pm in autumn in winter in Çeşme. The maximum value was measured as 255 pm in winter in Çe me. The lowest mean value was Çeşme. The lowest mean value was 40.7 pm in summer in ş 89.5 pm in spring in Narl dere and the minimum value was Narl ı dere and the minimum value was 34.5 pm in summer ı in Seferihisar. 64.4 pm in spring in Urla.
Cell height in marginal transverse section Cell height in basal transverse section (BTCH): (MTCH): The highest mean value of cell height in marginal The highest mean vaiue of cell height in basal transverse transverse section was 23.2 pm in winter in Bal ı klıova. section was 43.7 IJM in winter in Bal ı kl ı ova. The maximum The maximum value was measured as 27.6 pm in autumn value was measured as 57.5 pm in autumn in Çe şme. The and winter in Bal ı kl ı ova too. The lowest mean value was lowest mean value and the minimum value were 21.3 and 14.7 pm in spring in Narl ı dere and the minimum value 11.5 pm in spring and summer in Seferihisar, respectively. Table 2. The changes in morphology and morphometric parameters of U. rigida in different localities and seasons (MeaniSD)* C Locality Morpho. TL(cm) TB(cm) MT(pm) MTCH(pm) MSCL(pm) MSCB(pm) MİT(pm) MITCH(pm MiSCL(pm MiSCB(pm BT(pm) BTCH(pm) BSCL(pm) BSCB(pm) N wi d ere Orbicular,simple 25.60b 12.10bc 41.86d 14.72c 12.42b . I-- ı 10.12bc 71.14b 22.54b 21.39 a 19.78a 89.52c 34.04ab 17.71ab 15.64a 5 2 segments ±7.47 ±3.76 ±5.29 t 3.29 t 1.19 • ca t 1.19 ± 9.29 t 4.57 ± 2.18 t 1.61 ± 6.56 t 5.29 t 2.18 ± 2.11 Tkla Lanceolat,simple 26.70b 21.80b 46.0c 15.63c 13.11ab 10.81bc 66.92b 23.23b 13.56 bc 11.04b 90.56c < S 30.36bc 17.25ab 13.57ab 3 segments *9.59 ±6.30 ±3.43 t 2.11 ± 1.55 t 1.55 t 4.91 t 1.70 t 1.28 t 0.97 O ° ± 16.65 t 6.75 t 4.76 t 3.51 o Z P Bal kl ova Lanceolat,simple 15.30b 7.50 c 55.89a 18.40b 12.19b o ı ı 10.12bc 87.39a 30.36a 12.88 bc 10.58b 146.71a 35.88ab 15.41ab 12.88ab ı R 3 segments t5 29 ±4.79 t 4.48 t 2.66 t 2.88 t 1.94 t 11.48 t 7.50 t 1.94 t 1.94 t 10.20 t 4.09 t 1.89 t 1.61 o m Karaburun Orbicular,simple2 18.60b 10.50c 51.52b 20.93a 15.18a 13.34a 84.95a 23.92b 13.34bc N 11.50b 120.80b 29.67cd 19.09a 14.72ab -3 segments ±4.84 t4.70 ±3.29 t 2.75 t 1.19 t 1.46 t 7.96 ± 3.29 t 1.46 t 1.08 t 15.06 ± 4.66 t 4.61 t 2.47 3 ?3 Çe me , Orbicular, 2-4 15.35b 14.6bc 53.59ab 18.9ab 14.03ab 11.73ab 89.93a ş 31.51a 11.96c 10.35b 134.05ab 37.25a 13.80b 12.19b m segments t5.0 ±6.50 ±2.44 t 0.97 t 3.15 ▪ t 3.15 ± 13.03 t 7.59 t 1.81 t 1.21 t 15.34 ± 4.95 ± 2.66 t 2.88 3. o Seferihisar Lanceolat, 157.0a 92.0a 45.54cd 14.95c 12.97ab 9.68c 70.13b co o 23.0b 14.83b 12.19b 138.70ab 21.39d 14.03b 11.60b <0 o _ 3-5 segments t9.0 t37.43 t 2.38 ± 2.71 t 2.65 t 3.22 co t 9.67 t 1.20 t 3.08 t 2.44 t 28.54 ± 6.51 t 2.75 t 3.62 Narl dere Orbicular,simple 36.10b 17.3b 40.71c 17.02bc 16.33b • °w ı 13.57b 80.50bc 20.70c 19.78a 18.17a 107.34d 28.75b 21.16b 18.63ab 2 segments t 9.79 t 6.57 t 0.6 t 3.29 t 1.70 N- t 2.01 t 11.51 t 4.20 ± 2.70 t 2.29 t 24.69 t 4.50 t 3.56 t 2.75 O ,» Urla Orbicular,simple 8.50 c 5.60c 51.52ab 20.24a 14.26bc 12.42bc 85.68bc 35.19a 11.96c 9.89b 119.05cd 36.57a 14.95c 12.65cd ni S 2-3 segments t 2.84 ±2.22 t 5.22 t 2.11 *3 22 t 2.47 t 8.90 t 8.26 ± 1.46 ± 1.11 t 21.94 t 9.10 ± 5.56 t 4.23 - I S' U Bal khova Orbicular,simple 6.20c 4.30c 48.53b 16.80bc c ı 14.03 bc 11.50c 105.06a 36.80a 14.95b 11.73b 177.44a 36.57 a 25.99a 20.93a M 2-3 segments t 1.48 ±1.16 t 2.96 t 1.11 ± 0.73 t 1.08 t 9.55 t 2.66 ± 1.21 t 2.01 t 21.90 t 4.66 t 9.46 t 7.85 •<> M Karaburun Lanceolat,simple 11.9c 6.60c 49.91ab 18.17abc 13.80c 12.42bc 88.50 b 25.07bc 13.11bc 11.27b 149.50b 34.66ab 18.86b 15.87bc Of E 2 segments t 4.77 ± 1.84 t 3.60 t 3.50 t 2.17 ± 2.22 t 8.59 t 5.36 t 1.11 t 1.31 t 29.84 t 8.90 t 4.70 t 2.75 c. R Orbicular, 14.30c 9.0bc 53.82a 19.32ab 20.01a Çeşme 16.10a 82.57bc 27.60b 12.42c 10.58b 136.56bc 37.26a 14.72c 12.88cd 2-3 segments t 4.79 ±2.26 ± 5.33 t 1.94 t 1.89 t 3.25 t 13.25 t 7.43 t 1.61 t 1.61 t 27.85 ± 6.67 t 3.46 t 3.11 0 Seferihisar Lanceolat,simple 98.0 a 68.0a 41.86c 16.10c 14.26bc 11.96bc 74.52c 25.99b 13.34bc 11.04b 99.94 d 31.51ab 13.11c 10.81d 2-6 se ments t 58.41 .. *35.53 t 4.17 t 2.87 ± 2.38 t 2.38 t 4.75 ± 3.26 t 2.38 t 2.38 t 10.16 ± 5.94 o t 1.11 t 1.11 c7 Narl dere Orbicular,simple 17.20 b 12.0a 51.06c 18.86ab 16.79a ı 14.49a 83.39c 32.20b 19.09a 17.02a 129.70 b 34.5abc 36.11a 31.28a
Cell Iength in basal surface section (BSCL): The Hoeksema and Hoek (1983), 40-90 pm by Phillips (1984), highest mean value of cell Iength in basal surface section 50-80 pm by Phillips (1988). The minimum value in our was 36.1 pm in autumn in Narl ıdere. The maximum value findings was lower than those of the reported values. was measured as 43.7 pm in autumn in Narl ı dere. The Cells in surface view, polygonal or quadrangular; 8- lowest mean value was 13.1 pm in summer in Seferihisar 23 pm long and 7-23 İ.ı m broad in marginal region; 9-28 and the minimum value was 6.9 pm in summer in Urla. pm long and 7-23 pnn broad in mid region and; 7-44 pm long and 7-41 pm broad in basal region. Cells in Cell breadth in basal surface section (BSCB):The transverse section rounded, or rectangular; 12-28 pm high highest mean value of cell breadth in basal surface section in marginal region, 14-53 pm high in mid region, 12-57.5 was 31.3 pm in autumn in Narl ıdere. The maximum value pm high in basal region. The cell height increased from was measured as 41.4 pm in autumn and winter in marginal to basal regions. The similar pattern was also Narl ı dere. The lowest mean value was 10.8 pm in reported by Philips (1988). The cell size in marginal summer in Seferihisar and the minimum value was 6.9 region, as in surface view was reported as (11-18) X (7- pm in summer in Urla. 11) pm by Koeman (1985), and (10-23) X (7-18) pm by Hoeksema and Hoek (1983). The palisade-like cells in•the Thallus; simple-orbicular or lanceolat, often with 2-6 middle part were characteristic for the identifı cation of U. segments, or deeply divided into broad or linear lobes; rigida. often with many holes in the mid region, margins often membranaceous, entire or with small denticules. Thallus U. rigida was the most common species of Ulvales in 35-76 pm thick in marginal region, 58-185 pm thick in mid the coast of İzmir as reported by several authors (Güner region, 64-255 pm thick in basal region. The effects of and Aysel 1978 Dural et al. 1989; Dural 1990). It grows ecological changes on the anatomical structure of Ulva on gently sloping sedimentary rock platforms and sandy were mostly determined in marginal section of thallus. The beachs. It was reported that Ulva reaches a peak marginal transverse section did not change due to the abundance during the early spring and plants may cover disappearance of musilage in between. The difference almost completely the rocky substratum and, the thallus resulted from the changes of the cell size. The thickness length and breadth were 1.6-11.4 cm and 2.2-13.2 cm in of marginal region was lower when the thallus Iength and the southern Australian populations of U. rigida (Philips breadth was higher in Narl ı dere and Seferihisar. The 1988). In this study, excessive growth of plants were maximum and minimum values of the thickness of observed and the max. length of plants reached to 360 cm marginal region were in aggrement with Koeman (1985). It around the point-pollution sources, such as waste pipes in was reported as 38-42 pm by Bliding (1968), 40 pm by
2:0
SJ F w
Fig. 2. The changes of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and orthophosphate concentration by the seasons in the sampling locations (N; Narl ıdere, U; Urla, B; Bal ı kkova, K; Karaburun, Ç; Çe şme, S; Seferihisar) DURAL; B. ve N. DEMIR, "Ecological, anatomical and morphological studies on Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) in the ccast of İzmir (Aegean sea - Turkey)" 79
small bays. In the study period, mean values of water Boudouresque, C. H. F. 1984. Groupes Ecologiques d'algues temperature were measured as 17.5 °C for spring, 24.1 °C Marines et Phytocenoses Bentiques en Mediterranee nord- for summer, 23.6°C for autumn and 14.3°C for winter. The occidentale: une revue. Giorn. Bot. Ital., 118(2), 7-42. values of dissolved oxygen varied between 13.4-2.4 mg/I Cirik, Ş ., N. Zeybek, V. Aysel and S. Cirik, 1990. Note preliminaire and anoxic conditions were not determined. The seasonal sur la vegetation marine de l'ile Gökçeada (Mer Egee-Nord, variations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia-nitrogen and Turquie). Thalassographica, 13(1), 33-37. orthophosphate concentrations in each of six locations Dangeard, P. 1960. Recherches sur quelques "Ulva" des cötes were giyen in (Fig. 2). The concentration of nutrients françaises. Botaniste, 43, 119-147. varied with locations and seasons. Orthophosphate values were higher in Narl dere and Çe me in summer, Dangeard, P. 1963. Biologie et sexualite de quelques "Ulva" ı ş Botaniste, 46: 181-204. ammonia-nitrogen was the highest in Çeşme in summer and spring, nitrite was higher in Narl ıdere in spring and Duke, C. S., W. Litaker and J. Ramus, 1989. Effect of nitrate was the highest in Seferihisar in spring. The temperature on nitrogen-limited growth rate and chemical approximate temperature for the maximum growth rate of composition of Ulva curvata (Ulvales: Chlorophyta). Marine Ulva was reported as 20 °C and nitrate is the limiting Biology, 100, 143-150. nutrient in sea (Duke et al., 1989). Phillips (1988), showed Dural, B., H. Güner, V. and Aysel, 1989. Taxonomical studies on that rapid growth of thalli during early spring produces Ulvales Ordo in Çandarl ı Bay. II.Ulvaceae A. Ulva L. larger plants. The highest nitrate concentration resulted species. Doğa, Tr. J.of Bot. 13 (3), 474-487. from a discharge of a restaurant was stimulate the growth Dural, B. 1990. Eskifoça-Çe me aras nda Alg Ekoloji ve and the highest mean values of thallus length and breadth ş ı Taksonomisi. Ege Oniv.Fen Fak., Doktora tezi, Izmir, 1-278 were found ir. Seferihisar in spring. The thalius size of U. s. rigida in Seferihisar differed significantly from other locations in each season (p<0.05). The length of thalli Everest, A., J. Moore, M. Cormac ı ve V. Aysel, 1997. Some of reached to 360 cm where the nitrate concentration was the macroscopic algae from Iskenderun Bay in Turkish Mediterranean coast. Ot, 4 (2), 97-104. 230.2 pg/I. In fact, this coast is clean and rich in oxygen. The length of thalli decreased towards to winter. After the Güner, H. ve V. Aysel, 1977. Izmir körfezinde baz ı Ulva rehabilitation of this discharge, none of Ulva species was (Chlorophyta) türleri üzerine taksonomik çal ışmalar. Ege found in this station. Üniv. Botanik Derg., 3, 241-251. Güner, H. ve V. Aysel, 1978. Ege ve Marmara denizi alg The morphological and anatomical structure of U. toplulukları üzerine bazı kalitatif ve kantitatif çal ışmalar 1. rigida affected from the environmental changes. Some Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophyta). Ege Üniv., Fen Fak.Derg., characters such as morphometric parameters were too 2(1),55-71. variable for taxonomic use. But the identif ıcation of U. Güner, H., V. .Aysel, A. Sukatar ve M. Öztürk, 1983/84. Izmir lactuca with anatomical and morphological characteristics körfezi deniz algleri tayin anahtar ı , Il. Phaeophyceae, which was reported in İzmir bay for many times was not Chlorophyceae ve Cyanophyceae. Ege Üniv. Fen Fak. easy as reported by Güner and Aysel (1977, 1978). The Derg., 7(1), 57-65. shape of the cells in mid region was characteristic for U. Güner, H., V. .Aysel, A. Sukatar ve M. Öztürk, 1985. Türkiye'nin rigida. Because of being the easiest to identify in between Ege denizi floras ı I. 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