Narendra Damodardas Modi
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1 www.civilserviceindia.com International UNESCO: It is the United Nations' agency for education, culture, and science. It was founded in 4 November 1946. It’s headquartered in Paris, France. It's Director General is Audrey Azoulay. UNESCO declared the traditional massage of Thailand, Nuad Thai as a cultural heritage. It was included in the prestigious list, the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which features practices and traditions which have been passed across generations and are known globally. The Intangible Cultural Heritage list recognizes traditional practices. It has 550 items from 127 countries which have been split into three categories further. A new list is released every year. Nuad Thai massage: It is a famous 2000 year old traditional form of massage of Thailand. It is also known as Thai Yoga massage or Nuad Bo-Rarn. It is a type of Oriental bodywork therapy that is based on the treatment of the human body, mind, and spirit. The actual origin of this Thai massage is India. It was brought it to Thailand about 2,500 years ago by doctors and monks who carried its secrets for generations. Algeria: It is a North African country with a Mediterranean coastline and a Saharan desert interior. Many empires have left legacies here, such as the ancient Roman ruins in seaside Tipaza. In the capital, Algiers, Ottoman landmarks like circa-1612 Ketchaoua Mosque line the hillside Casbah quarter, with its narrow alleys and stairways. The city’s Neo-Byzantine basilica Notre Dame d’Afrique dates to French colonial rule. The currency of Algeria is Dinar. Former Prime Minister of Algeria Abdelmadjid Tebboune has been elected as the President of Algeria succeeding Abdelkader Bensalah. He served as the PM from May 2017 to August 2017, under the governance of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. 2 www.civilserviceindia.com International Tea Day: It is observed annually on December 15. It has been celebrated since 2005 in tea producing countries like India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia,Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Uganda and Tanzania. The United Nations has now declared May 21 as International Tea Day after Indian government moved a proposal at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Intergovernmental Group (IGG) on Tea expanding the observance of International Tea Day through UN FAO. May has been selected because the season of quality tea production starts in May in most of the tea producing countries. The purpose of celebrating this day is to boost its production and consumption, to help in fighting hunger and poverty in rural areas and also improve the condition fo the tea producers and tea workers.It seeks to encourage the status of tea workers, daily wages, social security, employment security, health and workers' rights. IOD: It refers to the Indian Ocean Dialogue (IOD). It is a flagship initiative of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), with its origins in the 13th Council of Ministers meeting, held in November 2013 in Perth, Australia. The first IOD was held in Kerala, India in 2014, in Perth, Australia in 2015 and Padang, Indonesia in 2016, respectively. The 6th Indian Ocean Dialogue and Delhi Dialogue XI was held in at the Pravasi Bharatiya Kendra in New Delhi which was hosted by the External Affairs Ministry. It is for the first time that these two dialogues, which are key elements of India-ASEAN calendars and Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) was held consecutively and on similar Indo-Pacific themes. The theme for Indian Ocean Dialogue was "Indo-Pacific: Re-imagining the Indian Ocean through an Expanded Geography”. External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar officially announced that India is planning to expand its area covered by its Indo-Pacific policy by including Gulf States and Africa. So far, the Indo- 3 www.civilserviceindia.com Pacific covered Indian Ocean and the Arabian sea. The expansion will help India in its Act East Policy. With the expansion of the Indo-Pacific, ASEAN becomes the geographical centre of a greater perimeter and becomes heart of Indo-Pacific. This will also help India in moving beyond cultural, historical and economic linkages. Indo Pacific: It is a US construct that includes regions between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Indo-Pacific is one such mental map which ranges from the eastern shores of the African continent to the western shores of the US that has gained currency in recent times. It is a vision which recognizes that no one nation can or should dominate the Indo- Pacific. Lahore-Wagah shuttle train: It is a train service between Lahore and Wagah railway station. It serves as a sub-urban border station, before crossing into India. The service was operational till 1997, after which it was suspended due to certain operational and security reasons. Wagah station: It is the last station located in Wagah, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the last station in Pakistan on the Lahore–Wagah Branch Line and serves as the border station before crossing into India. The station is used for immigration and custom of passengers who travel between India and Pakistan through the Samjhauta Express. The shuttle train service between Lahore and Wagah railway station resumed its operation on 15 December 2019 after a gap of twenty two years. The service was inaugurated by Pakistan Railways Minister Sheikh Rashid. The objective of reviving of the Lahore-Wagah train service is the revive the connection of Lahore with its suburbs through rail routes. Bougainville: 4 www.civilserviceindia.com Bougainville, officially the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, is an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea. The largest island is Bougainville Island, while the region also includes Buka Island and a number of outlying islands and atolls. It is a chain of islands that lie 959 kilometers northwest of Papua New Guinea’s capital, Port Moresby. Bougainville has voted unequivocally for independence. The referendum marks an important part of a peace agreement signed almost 20 years ago. The 2001 Bougainville Peace Agreement ended the deeply divisive nine-year conflict (1988-1997) that lead to the deaths of approximately 20,000 people, or about 10 per cent of Bougainville’s population. Pacific Island Referendum could give the world a tiny New country. Bougainville holds one of the world's largest untapped deposits of copper. It is also rich for fisheries, gold and other resources. So, China seeks to influence an independent Bougainville. Building strong ties with the country will help China increase its presence in the Pacific. Impeachment: It is the process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official. Impeachment does not in itself remove the official definitively from office; it is similar to an indictment in criminal law, and thus it is essentially the statement of charges against the official. Impeachment in the United States is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. USA: President Donald Trump was impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on 18 December 2019. He has become the third US president in history to be impeached by the House of Representatives. The House voted on two charges which were - the president had abused his power and that he had obstructed Congress. The vote for the first article of impeachment, abuse of power, was passed 230-197 and the second, for obstruction of Congress, 229-198. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the other two former Presidents who have been impeached. 5 www.civilserviceindia.com National President's Colours award: It is the highest honor bestowed upon a police force in India. The honor recognizes the invaluable contribution of the police force to society. Earlier, it was awarded to states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Tripura and Assam. Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu bestowed Gujarat police with the President's Colors award on 15 December 2019 at a ceremony held in Karai Police Academy in Gandhi Nagar. Gujarat has become the 7th State to be honored with the prestigious award. President’s Colours, also called as Nishaan, an emblem which all police officers of Gujarat would wear on left-hand sleeve of their uniform. A new logo of Gujarat Police was also unveiled and the force was also awarded a specially designed flag and an emblem. The proposal for President's Colours was initiated by the office of the Director-General (DG) and Inspector General of Police (IGP), the head of the Gujarat Police. 6 www.civilserviceindia.com Vijay Diwas: It is celebrated on 16 December every year. The day aims to commemorate the victory of India over Pakistan in 1971. On 16 December 1971, the chief of the Pakistani forces, General AA Khan Niazi, along with 93 thousand troops, surrendered to the allied forces consisting of the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini. The war culminated with the subsequent secession of East Pakistan into Bangladesh. The Nation celebrated Vijay Diwas at the National War Memorial. A wreath-laying ceremony was held at Vijay Smarak at Fort William the Head Quarters of Eastern Command in Kolkata, West Bengal. A delegation of Mukti Joddhas from Bangladesh and Indian war veterans also took part in the celebrations. The day is also a remembrance of the brave soldiers of India and Mukti Joddhas from Bangladesh who sacrificed their lives for a noble cause. MLF: It refers to the Military Literature Festival. It is a joint initiative of Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh and Punjab Governor VP Singh Badnore in collaboration with Western Command.