DOCSLIB.ORG

The Historic Highway Bridges of Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Historic Highway Bridges of Florida FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE THE HISTORIC HIGHWAY BRIDGES OF FLORIDA Prepared By: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 December 2012 THE HISTORIC HIGHWAY BRIDGES OF FLORIDA FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE Prepared By: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. Sarasota, Florida Elaine Lund, MURP, AICP Kisa Hooks, MHP Joan Deming, M.A., RPA In association with: Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. Tampa, Florida December 2012 PREFACE This report represents the third statewide inventory of Florida’s historic highway bridges. The survey was performed as a task work order under contract C8Q73 by Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) on behalf of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT, Environmental Management Office (EMO), and in association with Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. ACI’s Joan Deming was the Principal Investigator for this project. Elaine Lund, AICP, the principal author of the draft report, led the effort to inventory and evaluate Florida’s bridges. She is also credited with the preparation of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) multiple property cover nomination. Kisa Hooks, MHP, worked in cooperation with Ms. Lund to conduct research, field survey, and all phases of report development and accompanying documentation, including the completion of Florida Master Site File (FMSF) forms and a set of PowerPoint presentation slides for all newly identified significant bridges. ACI’s Jennifer Marshall, Beth Horvath, Barbara Perry, and Tesa Norman assisted with the FMSF forms, and report graphics, format, and production. The update to The Historic Highway Bridges of Florida (2004) was initiated in Fall of 2009 and completed in December 2010. During this time, many individuals provided invaluable assistance to the ACI project team. We extend very special thanks to Department Project Manager Roy Jackson and Section Manager George Ballo for affording ACI the privilege to update Florida’s historic bridge inventory. Jackson shared his first-hand experience and lessons learned from the previous statewide inventory, and helped us fine tune the project methodology. We are indebted to Jackson and Ballo for their overall leadership and friendly support. Department Contract Manager Jeff Caster is gratefully acknowledged for his patience and administrative assistance. Finding bridge data is hard work since there is no central repository. The search for bridge records, including histories and photographs, involved the generous assistance of numerous Structures Maintenance Engineers, Structures Maintenance Coordinators, Structures and Facilities Bridge Inspectors, Bridge Support Engineers, and Document Specialists in all FDOT districts. Bridge-specific rehabilitation and other relevant project information was gathered with the help of the District Cultural Resource Coordinators. Our collective thanks to FDOT’s A.D. Blais, William Berryman, Dennis J. Fernandez, Carlo Ferrera, Jose Garcia, Edward Gassman, Frank P. Guyamier, Lynn Kelley, Carol Loecken, Leah McAllister, Ron J. Meade, Katrina Monroe, Melissa Morgan, Terri Newman, Brian O’Donoughue, Michael Rausch, Susanne Travis, Martha Trujillo, and William Watts. In addition, many County and City Engineers, Planners, and Transportation specialists throughout Florida responded to our requests for information. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Terry Rauth and Mary Beltran, Martin County; Jennifer A. Stults, Polk County; Peter Buchwald, St. Lucie County; Jodi B. Pracht, Sarasota County; and Jessica Paul and Mary Bo Robinson of the West Florida Regional Planning Council. Erin Bailey, Ginny Jones, and Vincent “Chip” Birdsong of the Division of Historical Resources, FMSF Office, facilitated access to cultural resource survey reports, site file forms, National Register nominations, and other data. The gain a better understanding of bridge building technology of the 1960s, particularly in regard to the fabrication of ubiquitous concrete bridges, ACI turned to Cardno/TBE’s structural engineers Bob Heck, Frank Haunstetter, and Larry Mau. We are deeply grateful for their expert help in making the preliminary and final selection of Florida’s most significant 1960s bridges. As this project progressed, the absence of a uniform application of bridge terminology became evident. In the final analysis, comparing “numbers” from this and previous studies is an exercise in futility. Nevertheless, after 30 years of study, Florida’s surviving historic highway bridges continue to both reflect the significant patterns of our history, as well as to embody the highest achievements in bridge design, construction, technological innovation, artistry, and aesthetics, in wood, metal, and concrete. The Historic Highway Bridges of Florida TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 1-1 PREVIOUS SURVEYS ......................................................................................................................... 1-2 2010 UPDATE SURVEY METHODS .................................................................................................. 1-3 Research and Context Development .............................................................................................. 1-3 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................... 1-6 Analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 1-6 EVALUATING BRIDGE SIGNIFICANCE ......................................................................................... 1-6 Applying the NRHP Criteria for Evaluation .................................................................................. 1-6 Criteria Considerations .................................................................................................................. 1-8 Integrity ......................................................................................................................................... 1-9 CHAPTER 2 - HISTORIC CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 2-1 FIRST EUROPEAN CONTACT: THE SPANISH (1513-1762 AND 1784-1819) ............................... 2-1 FLORIDA UNDER THE ENGLISH (1763-1818) ................................................................................ 2-2 FLORIDA, AN AMERICAN TERRITORY (1819-1845) .................................................................... 2-2 EARLY STATEHOOD THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION (1845-1899) ... 2-3 Toll Roads, Ferries, Steamboats and Private Enterprise ................................................................ 2-3 The Arrival of the Railroad ............................................................................................................ 2-4 EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (1900-1941) .................................................................................. 2-6 The Age of the Automobile ........................................................................................................... 2-6 The Role of the Bridge in Cities .................................................................................................... 2-9 Travel in Rural Florida ................................................................................................................ 2-11 Good Roads Movement (1880-1916) .......................................................................................... 2-12 The Creation of a Road Department ............................................................................................ 2-12 The Florida Real Estate Boom: An Era with No Limits .............................................................. 2-13 Bridges over Navigable Waterways ............................................................................................ 2-17 The Great Depression .................................................................................................................. 2-17 WORLD WAR II AND THE MODERN AGE (1941-1956) ............................................................... 2-19 World War II ............................................................................................................................... 2-19 The Post-War Era and the Changing American Landscape ......................................................... 2-20 The Eisenhower Interstate Highway System ............................................................................... 2-21 THE MODERN ERA (1956-1970) ...................................................................................................... 2-21 Barrier Island Development ......................................................................................................... 2-23 The End of an Era ........................................................................................................................ 2-25 Waterway Navigation Innovations .............................................................................................. 2-25 The U.S. Space Program .............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges
    10/23/2014 Bridges and Applications Bridges and Applications • Bridges are used to span across distances that are difficult to otherwise pass through. • Rivers • Deep gorges • Other roadways Bridges and Applications Arch Bridges • There are four basic types of bridges – Arch – Beam – Suspension – Cable‐stayed • Each type has different design and is therefore better suited to different applications 1 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. Abutments, carry • These supports, called the abutments, carry the load the load and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward. and keep the ends of the bridge from spreading outward Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • When supporting its own weight and the • Today, materials like steel and pre‐stressed weight of crossing traffic, every part of the concrete have made it possible to build longer arch is under compression. and more elegant arches. • For this reason, arch bridges must be made of materials that are strong under compression. New River Gorge, – Rock West Virginia. – Concrete 2 10/23/2014 Arch Bridges Arch Bridges • Usually arch bridges employ vertical supports • Typically, arch bridges span between 200 and called spandrels to distribute the weight of 800 feet. the roadway to the arch below. Arch Bridges One of the most revolutionary arch bridges in recent years is the Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge in Franklin, Tennessee, which was opened to traffic in 1994. It's the first American arch bridge to be constructed from segments of precast concrete, a highly economical material.
    [Show full text]
  • County by County Allocations
    COUNTY BY COUNTY ALLOCATIONS Conference Report on House Bill 5001 Fiscal Year 2014-2015 General Appropriations Act Florida House of Representatives Appropriations Committee May 21, 2014 County Allocations Contained in the Conference Report on House Bill 5001 2014-2015 General Appropriations Act This report reflects only items contained in the Conference Report on House Bill 5001, the 2014-2015 General Appropriations Act, that are identifiable to specific counties. State agencies will further allocate other funds contained in the General Appropriations Act based on their own authorized distribution methodologies. This report includes all construction, right of way, or public transportation phases $1 million or greater that are included in the Tentative Work Program for Fiscal Year 2014-2015. The report also contains projects included on certain approved lists associated with specific appropriations where the list may be referenced in proviso but the project is not specifically listed. Examples include, but are not limited to, lists for library, cultural, and historic preservation program grants included in the Department of State and the Florida Recreation Development Assistance Program Small Projects grant list (FRDAP) included in the Department of Environmental Protection. The FEFP and funds distributed to counties by state agencies are not identified in this report. Pages 2 through 63 reflect items that are identifiable to one specific county. Multiple county programs can be found on pages 64 through 67. This report was produced prior
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Salinity in the Lower St. Johns River and the Associated Physics
    University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2016 The Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Salinity in the Lower St. Johns River and the Associated Physics Teddy Mulamba University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons, and the Other Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Suggested Citation Mulamba, Teddy, "The Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Salinity in the Lower St. Johns River and the Associated Physics" (2016). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 714. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/714 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2016 All Rights Reserved THE INFLUENCE OF SEA-LEVEL RISE ON SALINITY IN THE LOWER ST. JOHNS RIVER AND THE ASSOCIATED PHYSICS by Teddy Mulamba A Thesis submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION December, 2016 Unpublished work c Teddy Mulamba The Thesis titled "Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Salinity in The Lower St Johns River and The Associated Physics" is approved: ___________________________ _______________________ Dr. Don T. Resio, PhD ______________________________ _______________________ Dr. Peter Bacopoulos, PhD __________________________ _______________________ Dr. William Dally, PhD, PE Accepted for the School of Engineering: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • PART 1 BDV25 TWO977-25 Task 2B Delive
    EVALUATION OF SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE AND CLASS IV CONCRETE FLOW IN DRILLED SHAFTS – PART 1 BDV25 TWO977-25 Task 2b Deliverable – Field Exploratory Evaluation of Existing Bridges with Drilled Shaft Foundations Submitted to The Florida Department of Transportation Research Center 605 Suwannee Street, MS30 Tallahassee, FL 32399 [email protected] Submitted by Sarah J. Mobley, P.E., Doctoral Student Kelly Costello, E.I., Doctoral Candidate and Principal Investigators Gray Mullins, Ph.D., P.E., Professor, PI Abla Zayed, Ph.D., Professor, Co-PI Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENB 118 Tampa, FL 33620 (813) 974-5845 [email protected] January, 2017 to July, 2017 Preface This deliverable is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements set forth and agreed upon at the onset of the project and indicates a degree of completion. It also serves as an interim report of the research progress and findings as they pertain to the individual task-based goals that comprise the overall project scope. Herein, the FDOT project manager’s approval and guidance are sought regarding the applicability of the intermediate research findings and the subsequent research direction. The project tasks, as outlined in the scope of services, are presented below. The subject of the present report is highlighted in bold. Task 1. Literature Review (pages 3-90) Task 2a. Exploratory Evaluation of Previously Cast Lab Shaft Specimens (page 91-287) Task 2b. Field Exploratory Evaluation of Existing Bridges with Drilled Shaft Foundations Task 3. Corrosion Potential Evaluations Task 4. Porosity and Hydration Products Determinations Task 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Innovative Comparison of Costs Between Tied-Arch Bridge and Cable-Stayed Bridge
    MATEC Web of Conferences 258, 02015 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20192 5802015 SCESCM 20 18 Simple innovative comparison of costs between tied-arch bridge and cable-stayed bridge Järvenpää Esko1,*, Quach Thanh Tung2 1WSP Finland, Oulu, Finland 2WSP Finland, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam Abstract. The proposed paper compares tied-arch bridge alternatives and cable-stayed bridge alternatives based on needed load-bearing construction material amounts in the superstructure. The comparisons are prepared between four tied arch bridge solutions and four cable-stayed bridge solutions of the same span lengths. The sum of the span lengths is 300 m. The rise of arch as well as the height of pylon and cable arrangements follow optimal dimensions. The theoretic optimum rise of tied-arch for minimum material amount is higher than traditionally used for aesthetic reason. The optimum rise for minimum material amount parabolic arch is shown in the paper. The mathematical solution uses axial force index method presented in the paper. For the tied-arches the span-rise-ration of 3 is used. The hangers of the tied-arches are vertical-The tied-arches are calculated by numeric iteration method in order to get moment-less arch. The arches are designed as constant stress arch. The area and the weight of the cross section follow the compression force in the arch. In addition the self-weight of the suspender cables are included in the calculation. The influence of traffic loads are calculated by using a separate FEM program. It is concluded that tied-arch is a competitive alternative to cable-stayed bridge especially when asymmetric bridge spans are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • ERP 4, 40 and 42 Permits Issued in Duval County GRS No Seq Rule
    ERP 4, 40 and 42 Permits Issued in Duval County **This information provided to the City of Jacksonville by the St. Johns River Water Management District - current May 13, 2008** Permit GRS No Seq Rule Type Project Name Issue Dt Expiration Dt Permit Stage Status 81628 2 40C-40 District II Regional Park Phase II ( The Dunes ) 27-May-2004 27-May-2009 COMP Active 81628 3 40C-40 Ed Austin Skate Park (Ltr Mod) 18-Jan-2008 27-May-2009 COMP Active 69469 1 40C-40 1.78 Acre Armsdale Commercial Center 30-May-2001 30-May-2006 COMP Active 94474 1 40C-42.024(103 rd. Street Warehouse Park 21-Sep-2004 21-Sep-2009 COMP Active 86295 2 40C-40 103rd & Chaffee Rd Borrow Pit (Transfer) 3-Apr-2003 3-Apr-2008 COMP Active 108454 1 40C-42.024(103rd @ I295 Warehouse/Office 16-Jan-2008 16-Jan-2013 CLOS Closed 108454 2 40C-42.024(103rd @ I295 Warehouse/Office (Transfer) 16-Jan-2008 16-Jan-2013 COMP Active 86295 1 40C-40 103rd and Chaffee Road Borrow Pit 3-Apr-2003 3-Apr-2008 CLOS Closed 106841 1 40C-40 103rd Service Station & Connie Jean Road 29-Dec-2006 29-Dec-2011 COMP Active 71188 1 40C-42.024(103rd St. Retail Center 5-Jun-2001 5-Jun-2006 COMP Active 80114 1 40C-42.024(11 East Forsyth St. Apts. and parking garage 18-Sep-2001 18-Sep-2006 COMP Active 96645 1 40C-42.024(118th Street Townhomes 9-Mar-2005 9-Mar-2010 CLOS Closed 96645 2 40C-42.024(118th Street Townhomes (Transfer) 9-Mar-2005 9-Mar-2010 COMP Active 62634 1 40C-4.042 120-Acre Pulaski Rd 17-Jul-2002 17-Jul-2007 COMP Active 112383 1 40C-42.024(12761 North Main Street 31-Aug-2007 31-Aug-2012 COMP Active
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantis Launch Story 071112
    Go For Launch by Ellsworth Chou How our 2011 summer vacation began with the final launch of the United States Space Shuttle program As the end of Joni’s spring semester of 2011 from anywhere on the planet. Lots of mosquito approached, we were once again faced with repellent for the brief and vicious Alaskan the possibility that this would be Joni’s summer. last summer break. If things go as expected, she’ll be the chair of her cinema Another candidate trip was to attend one department by 2012, and she goes from of the last launches of the U.S. Space being a 10-month employee to a 12-month, Shuttle program. But the schedule for the with only a few weeks off a year. (As I’m Shuttle was constantly in flux, and until well editing this at the beginning of March of 2012, into 2011, we didn’t really know whether it months after starting this article, Joni is four weeks would coincide with Joni’s summer break. At one into her new position as chair of the Cinema/TV point, STS-134 was to be the final launch of the Department of Los Angeles City College. -E) Shuttle program in mid-May – when Joni would still Thinking this change was imminent, we bought a be teaching classes. As spring ended, Shuttle Atlantis motor home in the spring of 2010 and took a massive was confirmed to fly STS-135, the final mission of 7,800 mile, 40-day journey around the country (and the 30-year Space Shuttle program, on July 8, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • For Indian River County Histories
    Index for Indian River County Histories KEY CODES TO INDEXES OF INDIAN RIVER COUNTY HISTORIES Each code represents a book located on our shelf. For example: Akerman Joe A, Jr., M025 This means that the name Joe Akerman is located on page 25 in the book called Miley’s Memos. The catalog numbers are the dewey decimal numbers used in the Florida History Department of the Indian River County Main Library, Vero Beach, Florida. Code Title Author Catalog No. A A History of Indian River County: A Sense of Sydney Johnston 975.928 JOH Place C The Indian River County Cook Book 641.5 IND E The History of Education in Indian River Judy Voyles 975.928 His County F Florida’s Historic Indian River County Charlotte 975.928.LOC Lockwood H Florida’s Hibiscus City: Vero Beach J. Noble Richards 975.928 RIC I Indian River: Florida’s Treasure Coast Walter R. Hellier 975.928 Hel M Miley’s Memos Charles S. Miley 975.929 Mil N Mimeo News [1953-1962] 975.929 Mim P Pioneer Chit Chat W. C. Thompson & 975.928 Tho Henry C. Thompson S Stories of Early Life Along the Beautiful Indian Anna Pearl 975.928 Sto River Leonard Newman T Tales of Sebastian Sebastian River 975.928 Tal Area Historical Society V Old Fort Vinton in Indian River County Claude J. Rahn 975.928 Rah W More Tales of Sebastian Sebastian River 975.928 Tal Area Historical Society 1 Index for Indian River County Histories 1958 Theatre Guild Series Adam Eby Family, N46 The Curious Savage, H356 Adams Father's Been to Mars, H356 Adam G, I125 John Loves Mary, H356 Alto, M079, I108, H184, H257 1962 Theatre Guild
    [Show full text]
  • Community Redevelopment Area Plans
    February 2015 Community Redevelopment Area Plans Northbank Downtown CRA & Southside CRA Downtown Jacksonville Community Redevelopment Plan July 30, 2014 Acknowledgements This Community Redevelopment Plan has been prepared under the direction of the City of Jacksonville Downtown Investment Authority serving in their capacity as the Community Redevelopment Agency established by City of Jacksonville Ordinance 2012-364-E. The planning effort was accomplished through considerable assistance and cooperation of the Authority’s Chief Executive Officer, the Governing Board of the Downtown Investment Authority and its Redevelopment Plan Committee, along with Downtown Vision, Inc. the City’s Office of Economic Development and the Planning and Development Department. The Plan has been prepared in accordance with the Community Redevelopment Act of 1969, Chapter 163, Part III, Florida Statutes. In addition to those listed below, we are grateful to the hundreds of citizens who contributed their time, energy, and passion toward this update of Downtown Jacksonville’s community redevelopment plans. Mayor of Jacksonville Jacksonville City Council Alvin Brown Clay Yarborough, President Gregory Anderson, Vice-President Downtown Investment Authority William Bishop, AIA, District 2 Oliver Barakat, Chair Richard Clark, District 3 Jack Meeks, Vice-Chair Donald Redman, District 4 Craig Gibbs, Secretary Lori Boyer, District 5 Antonio Allegretti Matthew Schellenberg, District 6 Jim Bailey, Jr. Dr. Johnny Gaffney, District 7 Melody Bishop, AIA Denise Lee, District
    [Show full text]
  • Downtown Feasibility Study Discussion Interviews
    Downtown Feasibility Study Discussion Interviews 2 ¤ Alex Coley – Hallmark Partners ¤ Nathaniel Ford Sr. – Jacksonville Transporta4on ¤ Brad Thoburn – Jacksonville Transporta4on Authority Authority ¤ Paul Astleford – Visit Jacksonville ¤ Burnell Goldman – Omni Hotel ¤ Paul Crawford – City of Jacksonville ¤ Calvin Burney – City of Jacksonville ¤ Peter Rummell – Rummell Company ¤ Dan King – Hya< Regency Hotel ¤ Robert Selton – Colliers Interna4onal ¤ Elaine Spencer – City of Jacksonville ¤ Robert White – Sleiman Enterprises ¤ Ivan Mitchell - Jacksonville Transporta4on ¤ Roger Postlewaite – GreenPointe Communi4es, Authority LLC ¤ Jason Ryals – Colliers Interna4onal ¤ Steve Atkins – SouthEast Group ¤ Jeanne Miller – Jacksonville Civic Council ¤ Ted Carter – City of Jacksonville ¤ Jerry Mallot – Jacksonville Chamber ¤ Tera Meeks – Department of Parks and Recrea4on ¤ Jim Zsebok - Stache Investment Corpora4on ¤ Terry Lorince – Downtown Vision ¤ Keith Brown – Jacksonville Transporta4on ¤ Toney Sleiman – Sleiman Enterprises Authority ¤ Michael Balanky – Chase Properes Overview 3 Downtown Jacksonville 1. Build off of the City of Jacksonville’s strengths 2. Focus on features that cannot be replicated. CompeRRve advantages that only Downtown can offer: a. beauRful historic architecture b. the region’s most prized aracRons and entertainment venues c. the opportunity to create populaon density d. neighborhoods with character and an intown style of living e. The most obvious – the St. Johns River bisecRng the core of the City and creang not one, but two opportuniRes for riverfront development 3. Significant daily counts: a. Mathews Bridge/Arlington Expressway – 66,500 vehicles per day b. Hart Bridge/Route 1 – 42,000 vehicles per day c. Main Street Bridge/Highway 10 – 30,500 vehicles per day d. Acosta Bridge/Acosta Expressway – 28,500 vehicles per day e. Fuller T. Warren Bridge/I-95 – 121,000 vehicles per day Riverfront Activation 4 Riverfront Ac7va7on Jacksonville must create a world-class riverfront to aract the region and naonal visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • We Need Your Artwork... HOLIDAY CHEER for SOLDIERS
    Mostly Sunny COMPLETE COVERAGE 5% rain chance PREP FOOTBALL PLAYOFFS! | Find out who, where and when PAGE 8A 65 43 SPORTS For details, see 2A PALATKA DAILY NEWS FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 2014 www.mypdn.com $1 Weekend Happenings HOLIDAY CHEER FOR SOLDIERS State DEP Glow Fun Run 5K completes 7:15 p.m. Friday, Putnam Community Medical Center, 611 Zeagler Drive, Palatka. series of Bring glow bands and glow body paint. $25 per person. Proceeds go to Putnam First Cancer Fund. Presented by water use Nurse On Call home health care. 19th Annual workshops BY ASIA AIKINS Holiday House Palatka Daily News Gala Night State Department of Environmental Protection 5-9 p.m. Friday, Tilghman officials wrapped up a series of House, 324 River St., public workshops regarding Palatka. Music, snacks and the expansion of reclaimed wine tasting. Christmas in water, stormwater and excess Putnam ornament on sale. surface water use on Thursday, but are still taking public comment until Dec. 5. Sleek In Concert Photos by CHRIS DEVITTO / Palatka Daily News Officials from DEP held the Connie Westberry, center, a teacher at James A. Long Elementary School in Palatka, works with students Mia Perry, last of five statewide public 7 p.m. doors open, 7:30 Daniell Bennett and Maranda Collins to fill packages that will be sent to soldiers serving overseas. workshops regarding Senate p.m. Saturday, Larimer Arts Bill 536 at St. Johns River Center, 216 Reid St., Water Management District Palatka. $7 at the door. headquarters in Palatka on J.A. Long kids put together packages of goodies Thursday afternoon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Halifax Citadel
    THE HALIFAX CITADEL National Historic Park Halifax, Nova Scotia Issued under the authority of the Honourable Arthur Laing, P.C., M.P., B.S.A., Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources HALIFAX CITADEL NOVA SCOTIA THE HALIFAX CITADEL Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax was founded in 1749 to provide a base for the British Navy and Army and a springboard for attack on the French at Louisbourg and Quebec, because the final contest between France and England for possession of the North American continent was clearly approaching. Citadel Hill was always the innermost keep and chief land defence of the Halifax Fortress. Four forts were built, at different periods, on its summit. The first was part of a wooden palisade around the young settlement, designed to protect the settlers from Indians. The second was built at the time of the American Revolution and was intended as a stronghold and base against the rebels. The third was built while Napoleon Bonaparte was trying to conquer the world, and this one was later repaired for the War of 1812 with the United States. Because of the latter war, Britain knew she must have a permanent fortress here as Atlantic base in time of peril, and so the fourth, the present one, was constructed. Not one of these forts was ever called upon to resist invasion. No shot was ever fired against them in anger. However, it is safe to say that they had served their purpose merely by existing. The First Citadel When the Honourable Edward Cornwallis arrived at Chebucto Harbour on June 21, 1749, accompanied by more than 2,500 settlers, one of his first thoughts was to secure the settlement from attacks by marauding Indians, ever ready to molest the British during periods of nominal peace between England and France.
    [Show full text]