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A Long Way to Freedom

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A Long Way to Freedom A long way to freedom A long way to freedom Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Kult, [w:] Tekst: Kazik Staszewski, Parada wspomnień, red. , wybór . Andrzej Paczkowski, Klasyfikacja stopnia represyjności systemu , [w:] , Pół wieku dziejów Polski 1939-1989, red. , wybór , Warszawa 2007. A long way to freedom Demonstraon of the "Solidarity" in Warsaw Source: Thomas Hedden, 1984, licencja: CC 0. Link to the Lesson You will learn what were the most important events of the PRL (Polish People's Republic) period; about the social protest against the authorities in 1956‐1989; who Władysław Gomułka, Edward Gierek, Wojciech Jaruzelski and Lech Wałęsa were; why the martial law was introduced in Poland in 1981 and what were its consequences; about the importance of the „Solidarity” for Poland and the Eastern Bloc. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu Not everyone supported the communist rule in Poland. But quite a big part of Polish society decided to put up with it, as they felt threatened and simply fought for survival. However, every few years the accumulation of unsolved social, economic and political problems led to general discontent, which triggered strikes and protests (1956, 1968, 1970, 1976). In most cases, they got suppressed by the authorities, for example in Poznań in June 1956. The strikers were mostly workers of metropolitan heavy industry plants, who were also supported by the intellectuals. In 1980 another wave of strikes took place leading to the establishment of the formally recognized by the authorities Independent Lech Wałęsa during the strike in the Gdańsk Shipyard Self‐governing Labour Union „Solidarity”. The in August 1980 Source: Giedymin Jabłoński, 1980, photograph, licencja: CC head of the Solidarity was an electrician, Lech BY-SA 3.0. Wałęsa. This union constituted a sort of a loophole in the political system of the country. Solidarity demanded the improvement of living conditions, the respect for human and citizen rights, initially leaving political issues to the authorities. On 13 December 1981, the communist authorities under General Wojciech Jaruzelski declared the martial law. The Solidarity became delegitimized and the authority of the country was taken over by the Military Council of National Salvation. The democratic opposition became clandestine again. Task 1 Search online and find out who were the cursed soldiers and what were the stories behind them. Try to find out when they started fighng for liberated Poland and what their lives usually looked like. Choose one of them and familiarise yourself with his bio. Task 2 Look carefully at the division of the post-war period in Poland introduced by a historian, professor Andrzej Paczkowski and think why he chose those specific dates. Andrzej Paczkowski “ Classification of the repressiveness of the system 1. Conquest of the state, or mass terror - 1944-1947 2. Conquest of the society, or universal terror - 1948-1956 3. Real socialism, a system of selecve repression - 1956-1981 4. Maral law, or an aempt of mass repression 5. Truce and surrender, or helplessness - 1986-1989 Source: Andrzej Paczkowski, Classificaon of the repressiveness of the system, [w:] Pół wieku dziejów Polski 1939-1989, Warszawa 2007. Exercise 1 Choose the correct sentences. The new constitution adopted in 1952 changed the name of the country to the Polish Republic of People. In June 1956 some workers strikes took place in Poznań and were violently suppressed by the authorities. Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) formed after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. As a consequence of many anti-Semitic incidents that took place in 1968, many scholars and doctors of Jewish descent had to leave Poland. In December 1970, students demonstrated against the authorities. In 1978 Karol Wojtyła was elected pope. Wojciech Jaruzelski was the founder of the Solidarity. Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity” was founded in 1980 to demand the improvement of living and working conditions in Poland. 10 million of Polish citizens signed up to the "Solidarity" during the first year of its activity. The martial law was introduced on 13 December 1981 on the territory of the city of Warsaw. Exercise 2 Compare the atude of people gathered at the papal elecons and those parcipang in the ceremonies in Warsaw. Drag and drop the words to the corresponding places. joy, seriousness, concentraon, contemplaon, fun, enthusiasm Papal elecon The Homily in Warsaw Task 3 Familiarise yourself with the photograph and find out more about the reasons and events of the maral law. Apocalypse Now Source: Andrzej Iwański, Chris Niedenthal, J. Żołnierkiewicz. The picture you can see was taken by a Polish photographer Chris Niedenthal on 14 December 1981. Taking it was quite dangerous, as at that time one could get arrested just due to the fact of owning a camera, not even mentioning taking a picture of the army in the street. Despite the danger, the photographer managed to capture an unusual scenery of the street in Warsaw and the cinema Moskwa advertising the film „Apocalypse Now”. This picture became the most widely recognizable photograph of the martial law period. Now, it is considered one of its symbols and one of the most important photographs in the history of Poland. Task 4 Listen to the song of the Polish music band - Kult „Parada wspomnień” (Eng: Parade of memories) (can be found online), read the lyrics and the comments.On this basis, jusfy the thesis that the authories of the Polish People's Republic, during the maral law, waged a war with their own society. Kult “ Parada wspomnień Siedziałem sobie w mieszkaniu Gdy ktoś zapukał do drzwi Wyjrzałem przez ślepe oko I wyskoczyłem przez okno Biegłem przez śnieżne ulice Słyszałem za mną ich krzyki Biegłem, się nie oglądałem Ach, jakże było wspaniale Dookoła mowa idiotów Płynęła gdy radio grało Pobiegłem więc do kolegi Powiedział mi co się stało Popłynął rzeką alkohol Koledzy mieli metody A w wannach ryby pływały Ach, jaki ja byłem młody Nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie | 3x Te czasy już Nie powtórzą się Ulice toną w czerwieni My w rękach mamy kamienie Majowe słońce tak praży Chłodzą nas wody strumienie Z ponurego średniowiecza Krucjata przeciwko Polsce Opornik w klapy wpinany Ach, jakże było wspaniale I praca ciężka po nocach Aby nadążyć przed ranem Niech tłuszcza w końcu zrozumie Dla kogo się narażamy W południe stanąć na baczność Tysiące kartek papieru Gaz dookoła się ściele Ach, jakże było wspaniale Nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie, nie | 3x Te czasy już Nie powtórzą się Source: Kult, [w:] Tekst: Kazik Staszewski, Parada wspomnień. Keywords protests, Solidarity, martial law Glossary PZPR - Polish United Worker's Party Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: PZPR - Polish United Worker's Party PZPR – Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, polska monopartia polityczna powstała w 1948 roku i sprawująca pełnię władzy do 1989 roku. Była partią masową, w której władzę sprawowano w sposób autorytarny. PEWEX Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: PEWEX PEWEX – przedsiębiorstwo eksportu wewnętrznego prowadzące sieć sklepów walutowych. W PEWEX’ach można było kupić niedostępne na co dzień produkty (np. dżinsy, dobre alkohole, artykuły RTV) za walutę wymienialną (dolary i marki) lub bony towarowe. W PRL był symbolem luksusu. Cursed soldiers Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Cursed soldiers Żołnierze wyklęci – potoczna nazwa antykomunistycznego, niepodległościowego podziemia (partyzantki) sprzeciwiającego się sowietyzacji i dominacji komunistów w życiu społecznym i politycznym po II wojnie światowej w Polsce. An-semism Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Anti‐semitism Antysemityzm – niechęć, wrogość, uprzedzenia i dyskryminacja Żydów i osób żydowskiego pochodzenia. Skrajnym przykładem antysemityzmu była ideologia nazistowska dążąca do całkowitego eksterminacji narodu żydowskiego. Solidarity Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Solidarity Solidarność – ogólnopolski związek zawodowy powstały w 1980 roku by bronić praw pracowników w PRL. Z czasem stał się jednym z głównych ośrodków opozycji przeciwko władzy komunistycznej. Pierwszym liderem i przewodniczącym był Lech Wałęsa. Labour union Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Labour union Związek zawodowy – organizacja zrzeszająca pracowników, której celem jest obrona ich interesów społecznych i ekonomicznych. Pierwsze związki zawodowe powstały w Wielkiej Brytanii w XVIII wieku. Strike Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Strike Strajk – forma protestu, najczęściej pracowników wobec pracodawcy, polegająca najczęściej na wstrzymaniu się od wykonywania pracy przez protestujących. Internment Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Internment Internowanie – przymusowe aresztowanie i osadzenie osób w miejscu odosobnienia bez możliwości jego opuszczania. Delegimizaon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Delegitimization Delegalizacja – zakazanie działalności, pozbawienia możliwości legalnego działania. Maral law Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Martial Law Stan wojenny– stan nadzwyczajny ogłaszany na wybranym obszarze lub całym państwie, polegający na przejęciu administracji i zarządu kraju przez wojsko. Curfew Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie słówka: Curfew Godzina milicyjna – wprowadzane przez władze ograniczenie
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