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Michx. E Pyxine Fr i PATRÍCIA JUNGBLUTH Estudos taxonômicos em Physcia (Schreb.) Michx. e Pyxine Fr. (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTORA em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Amb ientais. SÃO PAULO 2010 ii PATRÍCIA JUNGBLUTH Estudos taxonômicos em Physcia (Schreb.) Michx. e Pyxine Fr. (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTORA em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Amb ientais. ORIENTADOR: DR. MARCELO PINTO MARCELLI iii Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Jungbluth, Patrícia J95e Estudos taxonômicos em Physcia (Schreb.) Michx. e Pyxine Fr. (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) / Patrícia Jungbluth -- São Paulo, 2010. 228 p. il. Tese (doutorado) — Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2010 Bibliografia. 1. Liquens. 2. Physciaceae. 3. Taxonomia. I. Título CDU 582.29 iv É essa uma maravilha que, a princípio, não se impõe aos olhos do corpo, mas que, após curta reflexão, fere os olhos da razão. Charles Darwin, Viagem de um Naturalista ao redor do Mundo (1871) v Agradecimentos Agradeço à FAPESP por mais uma bolsa (processo 05/53955-1), assim como aos demais apoios financeiros concedidos para outros alunos de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Botânica do laboratório de Liquenologia, o que, durante todos estes anos, nos permitiu a aquisição de vários equipamentos imprescindíveis e maior conforto para, assim, darmos seqüência aos nossos estudos. Agradeço também o apoio recebido pela equipe do Projeto Temático Gradiente Funcional (Processo 03/12595-7, Programa BIOTA/FAPESP), em especial ao Dr. Carlos A. Joly. Ao CNPq, pelo amparo decisivo nos dois primeiros meses de doutorado (processo 140127/2006-2). Ao Instituto de Botânica (IBt) e ao Programa do curso de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, pela acolhida durante todos estes anos. Ao Dr. Marcelo P. Marcelli, orientador e líder do GEL (Grupo de Estudos Liquenológicos) pelos quase 10 anos de orientação. Que ele encontre energias para orientar mais uns 15 iguais a nós! Muito obrigada por todos estes anos, Professor! Seus sorédios levarão adiante sua escola! Aos curadores dos seguintes herbários, pelo envio de tanto material precioso: ASU, B, BG, BM, C, CAMB, G, GLAM, H, HAS, ICN, M, MEL, NY, PC, PRM, S, TUR, U, US e W. Aos herbários FH e LINN pelo envio de imagens dos tipos. Aos curadores de UPS, Dr. Anders Nordin e Dr. Stefan Ekman e ao Dr. Klaus Kalb por estimularem minha visita a seus herbários. Ao colega e sub-curador do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Michel N. Benatti, por ter corrido nestes anos atrás de burocracia para conseguirmos as renovações de nossos pedidos de empréstimo. Ao Professor Klaus Kalb, à Astrid e seus filhos, muito obrigada por me receberem em sua casa por duas semanas. Muito obrigada pela convivência, boas comidas e por me permitirem conhecer um pouco do sul da Alemanha! Muito obrigada aos queridos Bettina Steiger, Winnfried e os pequenos Moritzi e Valentin pela recepção e acolhida nos primeiros dias na Alemanha! A Ute Lang a ao Prof. Günter Kolbe (Universität Regensburg) por toda gentileza e amabilidade e pelo espaço cedido durante minha breve passagem pela universidade. vi Aos Doutores Anders Nordin, Roland Moberg e a todos do Museu de Evolução de Uppsala (Suécia) por toda a acolhida, bom café e risadas... Em especial ao Dr. Moberg, pelas discussões liquenológicas, filosóficas e por ter ido trabalhar aos sábados para que eu pudesse fazer o mesmo. Muito obrigada ao povo sueco em geral, que não mede forças para ajudar e papear com estrangeiros perdidos. Aos seguintes liquenólogos pela grande gentileza de auxiliarem com bibliografia: Dr. Roland Moberg (Uppsala University, Suécia), Dr. Klaus Kalb (Lichenologisches Institut Neumarkt, Alemanha), Dr. André Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, Holanda) e Dr. Hiroyuki Kashiwadani (National Museum of Nature and Science, Japão). Vários outros liquenólogos sempre enviaram ―PDFs‖ para o GEL durante vários anos, dentre eles Dr. Robert Lücking e Msc. Eimy Rivas-Plata (The Field Museum, Estados Unidos da América), Jesús Hernández (Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela), Dr. Frank Bungartz (Charles Darwin Research Station, Galápagos - Equador), entre outros. Muito obrigada a todos. Aos professores das disciplinas do Programa de Pós-graduação do Instituto de Botânica: Dra. Célia Sant´Anna, Dra. Luciana Hertz, Dr. Tarciso S. Filgueiras e Dra. Carmen Lídia A. Pires-Zotarelli. Em especial à Dra. Célia Sant´Anna, que, durante sua maravilhosa disciplina, ainda teve tempo de demonstrar apoio enquanto eu passava por momentos difíceis. À Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica, em especial a Maria Helena Gallo e aos vários estagiários que sempre ajudaram na busca de bibliografia. Aos pesquisadores e funcionários do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Dra. Adriana de Mello Gugliotta, Dra. Carmem L. A. Pires-Zotarelli, Dra. Iracema H. Schoenlein-Crusius e Dr. José Ivanildo de Souza, Dra. Marina Capelari, Dr. Marcelo Marcelli, Msc. Michel Navarro Benatti e Dra. Rosely Ana Piccolo Grandi e à Rose, por todos os bons momentos de convivência. Ao Instituto Florestal pelas licenças de coleta concedidas e aos seus Núcleos, onde sempre fui muito bem recebida e assistida. No período do doutorado, meu muito obrigada especial aos diretores, funcionários e guias dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Por permitirem e auxiliarem nas coletas, também agradeço ao Fábio e ao Mauro (Penápolis-SP); à família da Dona Rosa do Sítio Santa Maria (Luisiânia-SP); ao Sr. Luis Carlos de Almeida Neto e ao Biólogo Vinícius do Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru-SP; à Dra. Elenice Mouro Varanda do Centro de Estudos e Expansão Florestal da Universidade de São Paulo (CEEFLORUSP-RP), campus de Ribeirão Preto; e aos Senhores Vera e Roberto Botelho Franco e ao Sr. Edgar da Fazenda Santa Rita (Boa Esperança do Sul-SP). vii Aos velhos companheiros de guerra: Marcos Junji Kitaura, Bianca D‘Hora, Iane Paula Rego Cunha e Janaína Maria Gonçalves dos Santos e aos ―muito mais velhos‖ companheiros Adriano Afonso Spielmann, Luciana da Silva Canêz e Michel Navarro Benatti, muito obrigada por tantos anos de convívio! Também meu muito obrigada pela grande amizade para as liquenólogas Suzana Maria de Azevedo Martins e Márcia Isabel Käffer. Obrigada Adriano, Luciana e Marcos pela inestimável ajuda nas coletas e pelo companheirismo. Marcos, agradeço pelos muitos liquens escaneados e Adriano, muito obrigada pelas sugestões na tese. Aos inúmeros inesquecíveis amigos que fiz durante minha estadia no alojamento e que hão de durar para sempre: Aline Andréia Cavalari, Angélica Pavezzi, Angélica Righetti, Bárbara Medeiros Fonseca, Berta Lúcia P. Villagra, Camila Malone, Carlos Eduardo Wetzel, Carolina Gash Moreira, Cristiane Ferreira, Denílson Fernandes Peralta, Eduardo Custódio Gasparino, Fernanda Ferrari, Fernanda Karstedt, Fernanda Ramlov, Gisele A. Nóbrega, Janaina M. Gonçalves dos Santos, Juçára Bordin, Kléber Renan S. Santos, Luciane Crossetti, Priscila da Silva, Sabrina Latansio Costa Ribeiro e Sandra Vieira da Costa. Também agradeço de coração aos moradores do ―apartamento Lili‖, Berta Lucia Villagra, Luciana e Adriano, por estes quase 20 meses morando juntos! Aos amigos do ―Orquídeas 24‖, Fernanda Ferrari, Carlos Wetzel, Kleber dos Santos, e Angélica Righetti, e às moradoras do apartamento 91, Juçára Bordin, Priscila Silva e Regina Hirai pelas jantas, passeios... Nem preciso dizer o quando sentirei falta de vocês! E finalmente, obrigada a minha família, que há mais de uma década me escuta a falar de liquens, liquens, liquens... Patrícia Jungbluth, já com saudades viii Dedico este trabalho a minha mãe, Elaine de Fátima Lansa Jungbluth, que “me levou e me trouxe de volta” da Suécia em segurança, e ao meu pai, Guilherme Emílio Jungbluth, que, sem perceber, me colocou no mundo da Ciência! ix SUMÁRIO RESUMO xv ABSTRACT xvi INTRODUÇÃO GERAL 1 PHYSCIACEAE ZAHLBRUCKNER 1 PHYSCIA (SCHREBER) MICHAUX 5 ESTUDOS DE PHYSCIA NO BRASIL 11 CARACTERES DE IMPORTÂNCIA TAXONÔMICA EM PHYSCIA 13 PYXINE FRIES 16 ESTUDOS DE PYXINE NO BRASIL 18 CARACTERES DE IMPORTÂNCIA TAXONÔMICA EM PYXINE 21 BIBLIOGRAFIA 26 OBJETIVOS 32 ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA TESE 32 CAPÍTULO 1 – Checklist of Physcia (Schreb.) Michx. and Pyxine Fr. (Physciaceae, Teloschistales) from Brazil 33 INTRODUCTION 34 RESULTS 35 REFERENCES 48 CAPÍTULO 2 – Taxonomical studies in Brazilian species of Physcia (Physciaceae) 53 INTRODUCTION 55 MATERIALS AND METHODS 57 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 58 KEY TO THE BRAZILIAN PHYSCIA SPECIES 58 THE SPECIES 60 Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Fürnr. 60 Physcia alba (Fée) Müll. Arg. 63 Physcia atrostriata Moberg 65 Physcia convexa Müll. Arg. 66 Physcia crispa Nyl. 68 Physcia decorticata Moberg 70 Physcia erumpens Moberg 72 Physcia integrata Nyl. 74 Physcia kalbii Moberg 75 Physcia krogiae Moberg 77 Physcia lobulata Moberg 78 Physcia lopezii Moberg 79 Physcia ochroleuca (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. 80 x Physcia pachyphylla Müll. Arg. 82 Physcia phaeocarpa (Nyl.) Hue 83 Physcia poncinsii Hue 84 Physcia rolfii Moberg 86 Physcia sinuosa Moberg 88 Physcia sorediosa (Vain.) Lynge 89 Physcia tenuis Moberg 91 Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. 93 Physcia tribacoides
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