Second Edition Beyond Paradigms Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics Rudra Sil and Peter J. Katzenstein Beyond Paradigms Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics Rudra Sil and Peter J. Katzenstein © Rudra Sil and Peter J. Katzenstein 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-0-230-20795-0 hardback ISBN 978-0-230-20796-7 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10987654321 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Printed in China Also by the Authors RUDRA SIL: Reconfiguring Institutions Across Time and Space: Syncretic Responses to Challenges of Political and Economic Transformation (New York: Palgrave Press, 2007), co-edited with Dennis Galvan. World Order After Leninism (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006), co-edited with Vladimir Tismaneanu and Marc Morjé Howard. Managing ‘Modernity’: Work, Community, and Authority in Late- Industrializing Japan and Russia (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002). The Politics of Labor in a Global Age: Continuity and Change in Late- Industrializing and Post-Socialist Economies (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), co-edited with Christopher Candland. Beyond Boundaries? Disciplines, Paradigms, and Theoretical Integration in International Studies (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000), co-edited with Eileen M. Doherty. PETER J. KATZENSTEIN: Civilizations in World Politics: Plural and Pluralist Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 2010), edited volume. European Identity (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), co-edited with Jeffrey T. Checkel. Rethinking Japanese Security (New York: Routledge, 2008). Anti-Americanisms in World Politics (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007), co-edited with Robert O. Keohane Beyond Japan: East Asian Regionalism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006), co-edited with Takashi Shiraishi. Religion in an Expanding Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), co-edited with Timothy A. Byrnes. World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005). Rethinking Security in East Asia: Identity, Power, and Efficiency (Stan- ford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004), co-edited with J. J. Suh and Allen Carlson. Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics (Cam- bridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999), co-edited with Robert O. Keohane and Stephen D. Krasner. For Stanley Hoffmann and To the memories of Karl W. Deutsch (1912–1992) and Ernst B. Haas (1924–2003) Contents List of figures, tables and boxes ix Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii 1 Analytic eclecticism 1 Paradigms and research traditions 4 What analytic eclecticism is and does 9 Recognizing analytic eclecticism 19 2 Eclecticism, pragmatism, and paradigms in international relations 24 The limits of the inter-paradigm debate 26 What eclecticism can contribute 35 Analytic eclecticism and the pragmatist turn 43 3 War and peace, security and insecurity 49 Robert Jervis, American Foreign Policy in a New Era (2005) 59 Martha Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention (2003) 68 Etel Solingen, Nuclear Logics (2007) 74 T. V. Paul, The Tradition of Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons (2009) 83 David Kang, China Rising (2007) 90 Conclusion 97 4 Global political economy 102 Leonard Seabrooke, The Social Sources of Financial Power (2006) 110 Timothy Sinclair, The New Masters of Capital (2005) 118 Cornelia Woll, Firm Interests (2008) 125 Nicolas Jabko, Playing the Market (2006) 133 Richard Stubbs, Rethinking Asia’s Economic Miracle (2005) 139 Conclusion 147 vii viii Contents 5 Order and governance, regional and global 152 Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore, Rules for the World (2004) 159 Benjamin Schiff, Building the International Criminal Court (2008) 168 Ian Hurd, After Anarchy (2007) 176 Frank Schimmelfennig, The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe (2003) 183 Alice Ba, [Re]Negotiating East and Southeast Asia (2009) 192 Conclusion 200 6 Conclusion 204 Lessons from eclectic scholarship 204 The risks, trade-offs, and promise of analytic eclecticism 214 Notes 225 Bibliography 229 Index 246 List of figures, tables and boxes Figures 1.1 Eclecticism and the agency/structure and material/ideational divides 21 2.1 The triad of major international relations paradigms 27 Table 1.1 The markers of eclectic scholarship 19 Boxes 3.1 Robert Jervis – Engaging the ‘isms’ without being confined by them 67 3.2 Martha Finnemore – Let yourself be surprised 73 3.3 Etel Solingen – Logics in the plural 82 3.4 T. V. Paul – Puzzles and eclecticism or foils and pigeonholing? 89 3.5 David Kang – Explaining actual East Asian relations, not abstract balance of power 96 4.1 Leonard Seabrooke – Exploring the full cocktail menu 117 4.2 Timothy J. Sinclair – Not being deterred by the ultimate taboo 124 4.3 Cornelia Woll – Getting it right 132 4.4 Nicolas Jabko – Know thyself: Constructivism and strategy 138 4.5 Richard Stubbs – Experience leading to eclecticism 146 5.1 Michael Barnett – Pack lightly, but welcome nuance and complexity 167 5.2 Benjamin Schiff – Without loyalty to any theoretical gods 175 5.3 Ian Hurd – Practical politics and conceptual implications 182 5.4 Frank Schimmelfennig – Eclecticism builds on theoretical ideas from outside the mainstream 191 5.5 Alice D. Ba – The ‘whens’ and ‘hows’ of process 199 ix This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments We have incurred a large number of debts along the way. This book would not have been possible without the help of the 15 colleagues whose scholarship we discuss in Chapters 3 to 5: Alice Ba, Michael Barnett, Martha Finnemore, Ian Hurd, Nicolas Jabko, Robert Jervis, David Kang, T. V. Paul, Benjamin Schiff, Frank Schimmelfennig, Leonard Seabrooke, Timothy Sinclair, Etel Solingen, Richard Stubbs, and Cornelia Woll. Each of these scholars generously offered statements about their personal experiences with eclectic research. These statements are presented in separate one- page boxes that appear with our own review and analysis of the 15 works. Numerous other colleagues and friends have offered insights, suggestions, and criticisms that have made this a better book. With apologies to those we may have failed to mention here, we acknowl- edge our gratitude to Amel Ahmed, Andrew Bennett, Jeffrey Checkel, Stephen Crowley, Michael Doherty, Charlotte Epstein, Emiliano Grossman, Peter Haas, Gunther Hellman, Adam Humphreys, Jeffrey Isaac, Patrick Thaddeus Jackson, Robert Keohane, David Laitin, James Mahoney, Bruce Mazlish, Ido Oren, Christian Reus-Smit, Srirupa Roy, Ian Shapiro, Kathleen Thelen, Veljko Vujacic, Stephen Watts, Pan Wei, Alexander Wendt, Wang Yizhou, Brigitte Young, and Ruizhuang Zhang, as well as our anonymous reviewers. We are also grateful for the reactions we received from partici- pants at lectures and seminars convened at various institutions, including Beijing University, the Chinese Academy of Social Sci- ences, Oberlin College, Oxford University, Sciences-Po, Tianjin University, University of Frankfurt, and the University of Massachusetts. Emma Clarke, Stefan Heumann, and William Petti provided invaluable research assistance. In addition, Sil would like to thank the School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, and in particular the Christopher H. Browne Center for International Politics, for providing financial support at various stages of this project. xi xii Acknowledgments Katzenstein would like to thank Cornell University for providing, as it has for many decades, incomparable intellectual and financial support when this project was germinating, as well as Louise and John Steffens, whose Founders’ Circle Membership at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University supported his work during the academic year 2009–2010. Figure 2.1 has been adapted from Peter Katzenstein and Rudra Sil, ‘Rethinking Asian Security: A Case for Analytical Eclecticism,’ in J. J. Suh, Peter J. Katzenstein, and Allen Carlson, Rethinking Security in East