Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 53B(1-2): 1-8, Kraków, 30 June, 2010 doi:10.3409/azc.53b_1-2.01-08
Granuliphorura pomorskii sp. n. (Onychiuridae: Tullbergiinae) and Friesea oregonensis sp. n. (Neanuridae: Frieseinae), two new species of psammobiotic Collembola from North America
Adrian SMOLIS
Received: 7 April 2010 Accepted: 28 April 2010
SMOLIS A. 2010. Granuliphorura pomorskii sp. n. (Onychiuridae: Tullbergiinae) and Friesea oregonensis sp. n. (Neanuridae: Frieseinae), two new species of psammobiotic Collembola from North America. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 53B(1-2): 1-8.
Abstract. Two new species of genera Granuliphorura RUSEK, 1976 and Friesea DALLA TORRE, 1895 are illustrated and described from the Oregon Dunes on the Pacific Coast of North America. Taxonomic remarks are provided.
Key words: Springtails, taxonomy, Granuliphorura, Friesea, sand, United States
Adrian SMOLIS, Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, Zoological In- stitute, Wroc³aw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroc³aw, Poland. E-mail:[email protected]
I. INTRODUCTION
Many species of springtails inhabit sandy areas such as coastal beaches and dunes, riverbanks, continental dune fields and deserts. Many of them are strictly restricted to these habitats and classi- fied as psammobiotic or psammophilic (e.g. THIBAUD &CHRISTIAN 1997; THIBAUD &WEINER 1997; THIBAUD &PALACIOS-VARGAS 2001; FJELLBERG 2009). Because of living between fine- grained loose sediments and sand grains, these forms are characterized by set of features: minute body size, slim and slender body shape, relatively short antennae and legs, usually absence of body pigment, strong reduction or absence of eyes and furca. Despite of nearly 300 arenicolous species being formally recorded and described from sandy biotopes of the world (THIBAUD 2007), our knowledge of the distribution, habitat requirements, biology, taxonomy and diversity of this Col- lembola group is still insufficient and far from satisfactory. The Oregon Dunes are one of the largest coastal sand dunes on Earth and the Northern Hemi- sphere. Surprisingly, the springtail fauna of the mentioned area is completely unknown. During a visit of the author to United States, a few sand samples from the area were collected. An examina- tion of the material indicated that two species belonging to subfamilies Tullbergiinae and Frie- seinae, respectively, are new to science. Their description, taxonomic affinities and bionomic notes are presented below. A. SMOLIS 2 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens were extracted from sand samples using a Tullgren apparatus. The specimens thus extracted were cleared in potassium hydroxide and chloral phenol, then mounted on slides in Swan’s medium. Observation was done using a Nikon Eclipse 80i phase contrast microscope. All drawings were prepared using the camera lucida. Type material is preserved in the Institute of Sys- tematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland (ISEA), and in the entomological collection of Zoological Institute, Wroc³aw University, Poland (ZIWU). Termi- nology for the description follows that given in CASSAGNAU (1958), YOSII (1962), MASSOUD (1967), GROW and CHRISTIANSEN (1974), LAWRENCE (1977) and FJELLBERG (1998). Abbreviations used in text and figures are: ant. I-IV = antennal segments I-IV, AOIII = antennal III organ, PAO=postantennal organ, th. I-III = thoracic terga I-III, abd. I-VI = abdominal terga I-VI.
III. TAXONOMY
Granuliphorura pomorskii sp. n. Figs 1-10 T y p e m a t e r i a l. Holotype (female in ISEA) and paratypes (5 females and 2 males in ISEA and ZIWU). T y p e l o c a l i t y. USA: Oregon, Oregon Dunes, Siuslaw National Forest,10 km North of Florence town, Baker Beach, sand, roots of Ammophila arenaria, coastal dune, 23. IX. 2007, leg. A. SMOLIS. D i a g n o s i s. The new species is characterized by: body length of 0.67-0.77 mm, dorsal granulation with fields of coarser granules, abd. V-VI with the largest granules of similar size, PAO consisting of 60-90 simple vesicles in four rows, AOIII with two large sensilla, ant. IV with six sen- silla a-e’, labium with 4 four papillae A-D, th. II-III and abd.I-V with 1+1 pseudocelli, abd. VI with two crescentic ridges, abd. V with chaetae p1 situated in front of sensilla p3, subcoxa III with four chaetae, tibiotarsi I-III with relatively long and slightly clavate chaetae, claw with very short empo- dial appendage, and presence of males. D e s c r i p t i o n. Habitus as in Fig. 1. Body length (without antennae) 0.67-0.77 mm (holo- type: 0.74 mm). Body white. Granulation of dorsal side of body distinct and heterogeneous, with fields of coarser granulation (Fig. 2). Differentiation of dorsal chaetae into macro- and microchae- tae marked on head and last abdominal segment, on other segments mostly meso- and short macro- chaetae present (Figs 1-2). Postantennal organ 2.5-3 times longer than diameter of the nearest pseudocellus, narrow ellipti- cal, in shallow depression (Figs 1, 3). PAO consists of 60-90 simple vesicles lying in four parallel rows. Labial palp with 4 papillae A-D (papilla E absent), 6 proximal chaetae, 3 accesory papillae (papilla d absent), 4 guard chaetae and 3 hypostomal chaetae (Fig. 5). Basal parts of labium with 4+4 and 5+5 chaetae. Maxillary palp simple, with 1 sublobal hair (Fig. 6). Chaetotaxy of labrum: 4/3,4,2. Mandible strong, maxilla with strong apical teeth and short lamellae. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Fig. 1. Uneven chaeta v0 on head present. 3+3 chaetae along ventral line of head. Antennae slightly shorter than head (Fig. 1). Chaetotaxy of antennal segments III and IV as in Fig. 5. Ant. I with 7 chaetae, ant. II with 11 chaetae. AOIII with two small internal sensory rods and two very large, thick and slightly curved sensilla. Ventral side of ant. III with large and thick sensillum. Ant. IV with small globular apical vesicle, small subapical organite, microsen- sillum and 6 relatively long and slim, slightly curved sensilla a-e’(Fig. 4). Pseudocellar formula: 11/011/11111. Arrangement of pseudocelli as in Fig. 1. Pseudocelli cir- cular, crescentic (Figs 3, 10; type III, WEINER &