South American Rally
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Vistas of Bolivia
13 days 1:31 24-07-2021 We are the UK’s No.1 specialist in travel to Latin As our name suggests, we are single-minded America and have been creating award-winning about Latin America. This is what sets us apart holidays to every corner of the region for over four from other travel companies – and what allows us decades; we pride ourselves on being the most to offer you not just a holiday but the opportunity to knowledgeable people there are when it comes to experience something extraordinary on inspiring travel to Central and South America and journeys throughout Mexico, Central and South passionate about it too. America. A passion for the region runs Fully bonded and licensed Our insider knowledge helps through all we do you go beyond the guidebooks ATOL-protected All our Consultants have lived or We hand-pick hotels with travelled extensively in Latin On your side when it matters character and the most America rewarding excursions Book with confidence, knowing Up-to-the-minute knowledge every penny is secure Let us show you the Latin underpinned by 40 years' America we know and love experience 1:31 24-07-2021 1:31 24-07-2021 Bolivia is the Latin America of your imagination. It’s a country of outsized wilderness landscapes, of rock-falls blocking cliff-hugging dirt roads, boozy fiestas, far-flung weaving villages, and age-weathered colonnades. It’s where otherworldly features such as sun-blistered salt pans sit within wind-blasted plains, pinpricked by ice- coated Andean spires. This holiday fizzes with adventure: add to the above the sapphire waters of Lake Titicaca, the panoramic cable cars of La Paz and the remote trail tracing the route of Che Guevara’s last stand: we’ve created an innovative group tour trip where surprises lurk round every corner. -
Salt Lakes and Pans
SCIENCE FOCUS: Salt Lakes and Pans Ancient Seas, Modern Images SeaWiFS image of the western United States. The features of interest that that will be discussed in this Science Focus! article are labeled on the large image on the next page. (Other features and landmarks are also labeled.) It should be no surprise to be informed that the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) was designed to observe the oceans. Other articles in the Science Focus! series have discussed various oceanographic applications of SeaWiFS data. However, this article discusses geological features that indicate the presence of seas that existed in Earth's paleohistory which can be discerned in SeaWiFS imagery. SeaWiFS image of the western United States. Great Salt Lake and Lake Bonneville The Great Salt Lake is the remnant of ancient Lake Bonneville, which gave the Bonneville Salt Flats their name. Geologists estimate that Lake Bonneville existed between 23,000 and 12,000 years ago, during the last glacial period. Lake Bonneville's existence ended abruptly when the waters of the lake began to drain rapidly through Red Rock Pass in southern Idaho into the Snake River system (see "Lake Bonneville's Flood" link below). As the Earth's climate warmed and became drier, the remaining water in Lake Bonneville evaporated, leaving the highly saline waters of the Great Salt Lake. The reason for the high concentration of dissolved minerals in the Great Salt Lake is due to the fact that it is a "terminal basin" lake; water than enters the lake from streams and rivers can only leave by evaporation. -
From the Atacama Desert to the Amazon Jungle
GROUP TOUR HIE 2117 PRICE PER PERSON FROM THE ATACAMA DESERT IN DOUBLE OCCUPANCY from USD 3.965.- TO THE AMAZON JUNGLE EUR 3.276.- WITH EXTENSION TO CUSCO AND MACHU PICCHU TOUR DATES 2021 23 days - 22 nights August 13 - September 4 Two of the most imposing scenarios in the Americas are the Atacama Desert and the Amazon Jungle. The first is the most arid non-polar desert on Earth, with an approximate area of 105,000 INCLUSIONS km2 that extends in northern Chile and is bounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountain Local flights Santiago- Calama, Sucre-La Paz, La range. Some institutions consider its extension to the Peruvian coastal area; as well as the puna Paz-Rurrenabaque-La Paz and Cuzco-Lima in located on the 3500 meters above sea level that includes part of northern Argentina and South- economy class Sit-in basis program up to 15 pax. Minibus or West Bolivia. The Amazon Jungle is the largest rainforest in the world with an area of 7 million private van on request. km2 spread among Brazil that has the most, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. It 22 Hotel nights including Breakfast develops around the Amazonas river and its river basin. It has also been declared one of the seven Meal plan: HALFBOARD natural wonders of the world. All transfers and excursions as mentioned in the program. Therefore, we have planned this route in order to make you known two wonders of nature that Local guides in Spanish for all the excursions exceed expectations. mentioned in the program We start our trip in Santiago de Chile with visits that includes tasting of the best wines of the All entrance fees to national parks and excursions. -
Reed Boats and Experimental Archaeology on Lake Titicaca
Paul Harmon tests the capabilities of the local totora reed boats. In the past few decades, hollow-hulled wooden boats of European design have largely replaced totora reed boats among the Aymara and Uru-Chipaya peoples of the region. Reed Boats and Experimental Archaeology on lake titicaca by alexei vranich, s much as archaeologists grumble about the scientific merit of Thor Heyerdahl’s paul harmon, and Kon Tiki journey from Peru to Polynesia, one thing is certain: he started a trend. On chris knutson the positive side, archaeologists began experimenting with a variety of ancient n o m technologies as a means to understand r a H l the past. On the negative side, a generation of adventurers u a P d A n decided that the best way to prove their ideas was to build a a h c i raft and set it adrift. Since the famous Kon Tiki, at least 40 sim- n a r V i ilar expeditions have generated adventure by inventing more e x e l and more improbable ways to get from one place to another. A 20 volume 47, number 2 expedition Boats made of everything from popsicle sticks to wine corks have been spotted all over the world, including a reed boat seen recently cruising down the Amazon River en route to Africa using powerful outboard motors! As we spent three months assembling nearly two million totora reeds into a giant bundle 13,000 feet above sea level on the edge of Lake Titicaca in South America, we wondered in which group we belonged, the archaeologists or the adventurers? TIWANAKU AND ITS MONOLITHS Around AD 500, one of the small villages along the shores of Lake Titicaca grew into the largest city that had ever existed in the Andes. -
Karyotype Characterization of Four Mexican Species of Schoenoplectus (Cyperaceae) and First Report of Polyploid Mixoploidy for the Family
Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics ISSN: 0008-7114 (Print) 2165-5391 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tcar20 Karyotype characterization of four Mexican species of Schoenoplectus (Cyperaceae) and first report of polyploid mixoploidy for the family Jorge A. Tena-Flores, M. Socorro González-Elizondo, Yolanda Herrera-Arrieta, Norma Almaraz-Abarca, Netzahualcóyotl Mayek-Pérez & André L.L. Vanzela To cite this article: Jorge A. Tena-Flores, M. Socorro González-Elizondo, Yolanda Herrera- Arrieta, Norma Almaraz-Abarca, Netzahualcóyotl Mayek-Pérez & André L.L. Vanzela (2014) Karyotype characterization of four Mexican species of Schoenoplectus (Cyperaceae) and first report of polyploid mixoploidy for the family, Caryologia, 67:2, 124-134, DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2014.931633 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2014.931633 Published online: 20 Aug 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 51 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tcar20 Download by: [148.204.124.71] Date: 23 February 2017, At: 09:58 Caryologia: International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics, 2014 Vol. 67, No. 2, 124–134, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2014.931633 Karyotype characterization of four Mexican species of Schoenoplectus (Cyperaceae) and first report of polyploid mixoploidy for the family Jorge A. Tena-Floresa*, M. Socorro -
Early Settlement Ofrapa Nui (Easter Island)
Early Settlement ofRapa Nui (Easter Island) HELENE MARTINSSON-WALLIN AND SUSAN J. CROCKFORD RAPA NUl, THE SMALL REMOTE ISLAND that constitutes the easternmost corner of the Polynesian triangle, was found and populated long before the Europeans "discovered" this part ofthe world in 1722. The long-standing questions concern ing this remarkable island are: who were the first to populate the island, at what time was it populated, and did the Rapa Nui population and development on the island result from a single voyage? Over the years there has been much discussion, speculation, and new scientific results concerning these questions. This has resulted in several conferences and numerous scientific and popular papers and monographs. The aim ofthis paper is to present the contemporary views on these issues, drawn from the results of the last 45 years of archaeological research on the island (Fig. 1), and to describe recent fieldwork that Martinsson-Wallin completed on Rapa Nui. Results from the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui in 1955 1956 suggest that the island was populated as early as c. A.D. 400 (Heyerdahl and Ferdon 1961: 395). This conclusion was drawn from a single radiocarbon date. This dated carbon sample (K-502) was found in association with the so-called Poike ditch on the east side of the island. The sample derived from a carbon con centration on the natural surface, which had been covered by soil when the ditch was dug. The investigator writes the following: There is no evidence to indicate that the fire from which the carbon was derived actually burned at the spot where the charcoal occurred, but it is clear that it was on the surface of the ground at the time the first loads of earth were carried out of the ditch and deposited over it. -
The Utilization of Emergent Aquatic Plants for Biomass Energy Systems Development
SERI/TR-98281-03 UC Category: 61a The Utilization of Emergent Aquatic Plants for Biomass Energy Systems Development S. Kresovich C. K. Wagner D. A. Scantland S. S. Groet W. T. Lawhon Battelle 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201 February 1982 Prepared Under Task No. 3337.01 WPA No. 274-81 Solar Energy Research Institute A Division of Midwest Research Institute 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. EG-77-C-01-4042 Printed in the United States of America Ava ilabl e from: National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Price: Microfiche $3.00 Printed Copy $6.50 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neith~r the United States nor the United States Depart ment of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, complete ness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. FOREWORD Emergent aquatic plants, such as reeds, cattails, and bull rushes, are highly productive and are potentially significant resources for alcohol and solid fuel production. It has been estimated that if one-half of the 65,600 mi 2 of marshland in the United States were used for emergent biomass energy plantations, approximately 5% of present total national energy requirements might be met. -
(Turfs) and the Management of Small-Scale Fisheries
TERRITORIAL USE-RIGHTS IN FISHING (TURFS) AND THE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES: THE CASE OF LAKE TITICACA (PERU). By DOMINIQUE P. LEVIEIL DEUG, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, 1974 Ing. Agro-Halieute, Institut National Agronomique, Paris-Grignon, 1977 M.A. (Marine Affair), University of Washington, 1979 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (School of Community and Regional Planning) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA June 1987 © Dominique P. Levieil, 1987 4 6 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date DE-6(3/81) ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate whether the Territorial Use- Rights in Fishing (TURFs) of Lake Titieaca, Peru, are effective in overcoming the common property problem of typical fisheries and therefore whether TURFs may prove valuable as part of a more formal management system. It has recently been argued that TURFs should be incorporated into small-scale fisheries management schemes since they should be effective in controlling fishing effort, in promoting a more equitable distribution of the benefits from fishing and in reducing administrative inefficiencies. -
Relación Fenética De Especies Del Orden Poales De Interés Económico En La Laguna El Paraíso, Huacho, 2017
Relación fenética de especies del orden Poales de interés económico en la laguna El Paraíso, Huacho, 2017 Phenetic relationship of Poales species of economic interest in the El Paraíso lagoon, Huacho, 2017 Hermila B. Díaz Pillasca1, Zoila Honorio Durand2, Carmen Rojas Zenozain1, Miguel A. Durand Meza1 RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la relación fenética de las especies del orden Poales de interés económico de la laguna El Paraíso, Huacho – 2017. Métodos: Para lo cual se aplicó el diseño de una sola casilla; donde la población estuvo constituida por todos los individuos de las especies seleccionadas; de la cual se extrajo una muestra de 43 individuos, mediante un diseño aleatorio estratificado; eligiéndose 34 caracteres cualitativos y 13 cuantitativos; utilizados para estimar variabilidad y distancia fenética dentro y entre especies, mediante estadística descriptiva, inferencial (ANVA y Tukey) y Taxonomía Numérica, a través del programa Past 3.0. Resultados: Los caracteres cuantitativos de interés económico (longitud de culmo) muestran una baja variabilidad fenotípica (CV < 12%) intra e interespecífica, presumiblemente por influencia ambiental; la distancia fenética intraespecífica es estrecha en las tres especies evaluadas, siendo T. dominguensis, la que muestra mayor número de formas fenotípicas; y, C. laevigatus tiene una mayor distancia fenética con respecto a S. californicus y T. dominguensis; las mismas que son iguales entre sí. Conclusiones: El humedad es una comunidad compleja pero poco estable. Palabras clave: Relación fenética, Poales, -
Use Style: Paper Title
Volume 6, Issue 2, February – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Territorial Occupation in the Coastal Strip and the Environmental Sustainability of the Wetland Ecosystem of Huanchaco-Peru Carlos A. Bocanegra García Nelson GustavoYwanaga Reh National university of Trujillo National university of Trujillo Trujillo, Perú Trujillo, Perú Zoila Culquichicón Malpica National university of Trujillo Trujillo, Perú Abstract:- Results of the “occupation of the coastal territory on the environmental sutainability of the It is alarming what is recorded in Spain, where a wetlands of Huanchaco-Perú” are presented. The work ranking of coastal destruction was established and was carried out on base of the management and showed that the Mediterranean is the región most processing satellite images, georeferenced databases that affected. The three comunities that lead the destruction serve to obtain past and present information, the method of coastal ecosystems due to urbanizations are used relates different sources of information from the Catalunya, which has the highest percentage of databases of the District Municipality of Huanchaco with urbanized coastal área: 26.4%, the Valenciana remote sensing images from Google Earth. The results community occupies second place, with 23.1% of its show accelerated growth of the mainly urban population, coastline degraded, and in third place is Andalucía with settled on the coast in detriment of adjacent áreas 15.4%. Furthermore, looking only at the beaches, the characterized by precaurious basic. worst provinces are Barcelona and Malaga with 83.6% and Alicante with 80.3%, of their beach line surrounded Keywords:- Territorial Occupation, Coastal Strip, Wetlands by cement (PALOMA NUCHE, 2018). -
Uros Hand Made Reed Floating Islands
Uros hand made reed floating islands A proved ancient technique Today a closed cycle in practice to learn from Tomorrow an innovative development Rocío Torres Méndez Because of global warming, rising sea levels and the running out of fossil fuels, it is important to look for sustainable adaptable solutions. Therefore special attention should be given to the potential of floating reeds in construction. This paper is about a closed cycle example in practice, to learn from. It tells the history of a millenary South American civilization named Uros. It gives an overview of sustainable daily practices of the Uros - who live on floating organic hand made islands on the cold waters of Lake Titicaca at 3810 m above sea level in Puno, Peru - and their potential for future innovative developments. The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of researching the Totora plant’s floating properties, which will give us insights into its possible diverse applications as a floating material of construction. This study bridges science with traditional knowledge, an inspiring lesson for developing innovative ideas. 1 Location: Puno- Peru Figure 1 : Islands located at five kilometers east from Puno port at 3810m above sea level Source: Google earth The Totora plant This paper is about the Totora plant that grows in Titicaca Lake. Its scientific name is Schoenoplectus californicus ssp. tatora. Totora is an aquatic plant which grows in humid places, wetlands, along rivers and lakes. This plant has a long stem (400 cm long approximately) and its stem section has a circular shape (d =1.5 cm aprox). -
Report: the Mystery Lies in the Scirpus
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 21 Issue 2 October Article 4 2007 Report: The mystery lies in the Scirpus Constance Gossen Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific Islands Commons, and the Pacific Islands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Gossen, Constance (2007) "Report: The mystery lies in the Scirpus," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 21 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol21/iss2/4 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gossen: Report: The mystery lies in the Scirpus Report: The mystery lies in the Scirpus Candace Gossen hi report concerns Sci/pus, fore ts and a quest to find changes everything. In order to understand ecology we must T a method for documenting rainfall changes in the an look at all the connections and this type of research require cient pa t. I begin with the middle. a multi-di ciplinary approach. Deductively, over the la t It was through a conver ation with Irving Friedman two year ,[ have tried method after method to obtain a and we were discussing how obsidian glass capture a moi much information a I can. ture signature when it i formed, and then we began to talk about a mall island called Marajo, off the coa t of Brazil.