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BHUTAN JOURNAL Of BHUTAN JOURNAL of Volume 4 Issue 1 March 2020 DOL Department of Livestock Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 2520-0194 Key title :Bhutan Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated key title :Bhutan J. Anim. Sci. Parallel Title :BJAS Copyright © Department of Livestock, 2020 Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Royal Government of Bhutan All rights reserved. Publisher Department of Livestock Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan, Post Box 113, Postal Code 11001, Tashichhodzong, Thimphu, Bhutan Journal Concept & Design Dr. Kesang Wangchuk Front Cover page Dr. Kesang Wangchuk and Mr. Namgay Dorji Back Cover Page Dr. Karma Wangdi Printing company Tshangpa Printing Press, Kawajangsa, Thimphu, Bhutan BJAS is registered permanently with the ISSN International Centre, 45 rue de Turbigo, 75003 Paris, FRANCE About the Journal The Bhutan Journal of Animal Science (BJAS), founded in 2017, is an open access English-language journal on animal science. All papers are peer and double blind reviewed. BJAS is supervised by the Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, and financed by the Royal Government of Bhutan. BJAS is published annually with original work that makes a significant contribution to understanding and enhancing the animal production practices in smallholder systems in the mountains. The original works encompass the social, cultural, economic, and policy influences affecting the use and management of plant and animal resources. BJAS publishes research, reviews, reports on all aspects of ruminants, piggery, poultry, aquaculture, and apiculture. BJAS also accepts livestock associated research reports on climate change, sustainable development, rural livelihood, socio- economics, and policy. BJAS requires academic papers and research reports to display universal, strategic and innovative characteristics in both theory and practice. BJAS is a forum for sharing information between researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Articles in BJAS present the results of original research, contributions to theory or new conclusions reached from the review of a topic. Their structure conforms to that of standard scientific articles and writing style is made clear and concise. Results are critically analyzed and objectively presented. Major topics published are on animal production, breeding and genetics, animal health, socio-economic and post-production. Bibliographic Details ISSN: 2520-0194; Frequency: Annual; Current Issue: Volume 4 (1) BHUTAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (BJAS) Volume 4, Issue 1, 2020 Foreword I am very pleased to present the 4th issue of Bhutan Journal of Animal Science (BJAS). As research findings has to be communicated effectively to contribute to knowledge and development, the BJAS provides a unique platform for all the researchers to share new knowledge and research technologies amongst relevant stakeholders to facilitate them in making an informed decision, framing enabling policies and guidelines, and promoting relevant technologies. On this note, I am equally excited that the journal is motivating and inculcating young researchers in the mountains to publish and share their knowledge and key research recommendations thereby fulfilling the intended goal of the journal. This issue of BJAS present 24 papers which radiates light on both historical and contemporary questions in various livestock development areas such as animal production, breeding and genetics, and animal health. The papers in this journal are presented in two categories as the full-length paper and short communication organized in a standard format as presented in the earlier volumes called “IMRAD” referring to the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. Though, there are number of journals covering the aforementioned areas yet, the BJAS is unique in itself which encourages young and novice authors to submit works addressing the fundamental and scientific aspects together with practical issues. I would like to congratulate Mr. Towchu Rabgay, the Chief of “RED” and Mr. Jigme Wangdi, the Editor-in-Chief of BJAS and the team for their commitment and hard works in timely publishing this journal. My sincere gratitude goes to the dynamic leadership and guidance of Hon'ble Minister Yeshey Penjor and Dasho Rinzin Dorji, Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests. Finally, I would like to thank all the authors, reviewers and readers for their supports. Tashi Delek! Dr. Tashi Samdup (PhD) Chief Advisor EDITORIAL BOARD BHUTAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (BJAS) Volume 4, Issue 1, 2020 CHIEF ADVISOR DR. TASHI SAMDUP DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTS, THIMPHU, BHUTAN EMAIL: [email protected], PH: +975 17114221 CO-ADVISOR MR. TOWCHU RABGAY DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTS, THIMPHU, BHUTAN EMAIL: [email protected], PH: +97517605539 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MR. JIGME WANGDI NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTS, BHUTAN Email: [email protected], PH: +97577653485 ASSOCIATE EDITORS DR. RATNA B GURUNG NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH, SERBITHANG, THIMPHU DR. KUENGA NAMGAY DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU MR. JAMBAY GYELTSHEN NATIONAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR ANIMAL NUTRITION, JAKAR DR. DHAN B RAI NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, YUSIPANG, THIMPHU DR. NB TAMANG NATIONAL DAIRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, YUSIPANG, THIMPHU DR. KARMA WANGDI DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU DR. NARAPATI DAHAL DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU DR. VIJAY RAIKA NATIONAL HIGHLAND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, JAKAR DR. MP TIMSINA DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU DR. KARMA RINZIN DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU MR. TASHI DHENDUP DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK, THIMPHU MR. SONAM NORBU REGIONAL PIG BREEDING CENTRE, YUSIPANG, THIMPHU MR. SINGYE TSHERING NATIONAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR RIVERINE & LAKE FISHERIES, HAA DR. SURYA B CHAMLING RAI NATIONAL POULTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMNENT CENTRE, SARPANG Editorial correspondence should be addressed to: The Editor-in-Chief, Bhutan Journal of Animal Science, Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan. Vol. 4 No. 1 March 2020 BHUTAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (BJAS) A. Full Length paper 1. Effect of body condition, season of estrous induction and fixed time artificial insemination 1-4 on calving rate of local Thrabam cattle in Bhutan NAR B TAMANG, DHAN B RAI AND ABI N KOIRALA 2. Y-chromosomal diversity on indigenous sheep (Ovis aries) breeds in Nepal: comparison with 5-12 domestic and wild sheep NEENA AMATYA GORKHALI, LIN JIANG, SAROJ SAPKOTA, XIAO-HONG HE, QIAN- JUN ZHAO, JIAN-LIN HAN AND YUE-HUI MA 3. Disentangling conflicts in pastoralism: genesis, arbitration and institutions 13-22 KUENGA NAMGAY 4. Dairy farming in Punakha: understanding constraints and opportunities 23-27 PEMA UGYEN 5. The demographic characteristics of dogs presented for the capture-neuter-vaccinate-release 28-37 (CNVR) program in Bhutan KARMA RINZIN, IAN D ROBERTSON, HIRUKA MAHAT, KEYUR PATEL, SATISH RAGHORTHE AND KINZANG DUKPA 6. Socio-economic importance of buffalo farming in Samtse district 38-46 TASHI DHENDUP 7. Staphanofilarial dermatitis (hump sore) treatment trial in Tashicholing, Samtse district 47-53 SANGAY RINCHEN, KARMA WANGDI, SONAM JAMTSHO, KARMA WANGCHUK, KARMA TSHERING, BINDHU PARAJULI, YANGCHEN DEMA AND BASANT SHARMA 8. Milking management practices by small-scale dairy farmers of Trashiyangtse district in 54-59 Bhutan TASHI DENDUP AND JIGDREL DORJI 9. A case study of pungdzong dairy farmers group: analysis of milk value chain 60-67 PEMA UGYEN AND RESIE OUDE LUTTIKHUIS 10. Evaluation of a capture-neuter-vaccinate-release (CNVR) program: intervention to control 68-75 the dog population and rabies in Bhutan KARMA RINZIN, ID ROBERTSON, YESHEY TSHERING, N DAHAL AND RK PANDEY 11. Assess milk production of cattle breeds in different agro-ecological zones of western Bhutan 76-82 DEKI CHODEN, LOKEY THAPA AND NB TAMANG 12. Public perceptions towards macaque population along Thimphu-Phuentsholing highway: 83-89 imminent public health and conservation threats KARMA WANGDI, SANGAY RINCHEN, SONAM JAMTSHO, KARMA WANGCHUK, BINDHU PARAJULI AND BASANT SHARMA 13. Breed improvement, milk production and socio-economic benefit of contract heifer and bull 90-97 production program in west and west-central region of Bhutan DHAN B RAI, NAR B TAMANG, LOKAY THAPA AND ABI N KOIRALA 14. Comparative performance of commercial broiler hybrids in sub-tropical zone of Bhutan 98-102 SURYA BC RAI, TASHI JAMTSHO AND KINLEY DEMA 15. Assessment of milk production and income from traditional and improved management 103-109 system of small dairy farmers in Bhutan LOKEY THAPA, DEKI CHODEN AND NAR B TAMANG 16 Compositional analysis of market milk in Thimphu & Paro districts 110-113 PHUNTSHO T NORBU, KINLEY CHOKI AND SONAM YANGCHEN 17. Perception of Bhutanese farmers towards pig farming 114-118 GYEMBO TSHETEN, TENZIN PENJOR, PEMA SHERAB AND TASHI DORJI 18. Assessment of poultry farm bio-security measures in southern Bhutan 119-123 TASHI JAMTSHO, SB CHAMLING RAI, KINLEY DEMA AND CHENCHO TSHERING B. Short Communication 19. Swine-fish integration: effect on culture performance of Ctenopharyngodon idella and 124-127 Cyprinus carpio PEMA THINLEY, NAMGAY DORJI AND DRUKPOLA 20. A preliminary finding on the effectiveness of fishways at Kurichhu dam in Bhutan
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