DOCSLIB.ORG

401Kundankumar5.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
401Kundankumar5.Pdf Understanding CONFLICT RESOLUTION Understanding CONFLICT RESOLUTION War, Peace and the Global System Peter Wallensteen SAGE Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi © Peter Wallensteen 2002 First published 2002 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash – I New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 7619 6666 8 ISBN 0 7619 6667 6 (pbk) Library of Congress catalog card number available Typeset by Photoprint, Torquay, Devon Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, Wiltshire To LENA Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface xv Part One The Problem and How to Approach It 1 Understanding Conflict Resolution 3 1.1 Peacemaking as a New Experience 3 1.2 Peace Research and Conflict Resolution 5 1.3 Defining Conflict Resolution 8 1.4 Limits of Conflict Resolution 10 1.5 Outlining this Book 12 2 Armed Conflicts and Peace Agreements 13 2.1 The Concept of Conflict 13 2.2 Identifying Armed Conflict 17 Three projects 17 The Michigan and Hamburg projects 20 2.3 Trends in Armed Conflicts 23 The Uppsala Conflict Data Project 23 Patterns of armed conflict 26 2.4 Outcomes of Armed Conflict 28 3 Approaching Conflict Resolution 33 3.1 The Evolution of Conflict Analysis 33 3.2 Focusing on Conflict Dynamics 34 3.3 Focusing on Basic Needs 39 3.4 Focusing on Rational Calculations 44 viii CONTENTS 3.5 Synthesizing Conflict Resolution 50 Refining the definition 50 Transcending incompatibility: seven mechanisms 53 3.6 Identifying Key Elements in Conflict Analysis 57 4 Analysing Conflict Resolution 61 4.1 Basic and Complex Levels of Analysis 61 4.2 The Role of the State 62 Actors in conflict 62 The special roles of the state 63 The global system 66 4.3 Introducing the Trichotomy of Conflict 70 Locating conflicts in the trichotomy 74 4.4 Applying the Trichotomy of Conflict and Peace 76 Armed conflict since the Cold War 76 Peace agreements since the Cold War 79 Part Two Basics of Conflict Resolution 5 The Resolution of Conflicts between States 87 5.1 Armed Conflict and Peace Accords between States 87 The last decades of the Cold War 87 The post-Cold War period 90 Geopolitik, Realpolitik, Idealpolitik and Kapitalpolitik 93 5.2 Conflict Resolution: Geopolitik and Realpolitik 96 Status quo or status quo ante bellum?97 Punitive or integrative solutions? 102 The seven mechanisms 107 5.3 Conflict Resolution: Idealpolitik and Kapitalpolitik 113 Idealpolitik and the settlement of conflicts 114 Peacemaking and Kapitalpolitik 119 The seven mechanisms 123 5.4 Conclusions for Interstate Conflict Resolution 127 6 Conflict Resolution in Civil Wars 131 6.1 Armed Conflicts and Peace Accords within States 131 Civil wars during and after the Cold War 131 Peace agreements in civil wars 134 6.2 Dealing with Incompatibilities over State Power 139 6.3 Democracy and the Settlement of Civil Wars 144 6.4 Dealing with the Internal Security Dilemma 148 6.5 State Failure and State Reconstruction 156 6.6 Civil Society in Internal Conflict Resolution 159 Contents ix 7 Conflict Resolution in State Formation Conflicts 163 7.1 State Formation Conflicts 163 State formation conflicts during the Cold War 164 State formation conflicts after the Cold War 168 Peace agreements in the post-Cold War era 171 7.2 Identity Discrimination and Conflict Resolution 175 7.3 Autonomy and Federalism: Territorial Solutions within a State 181 7.4 Independence with or without Integration 190 7.5 State Formation Conflicts and Democracy 196 Part Three Complexities in Conflict Resolution 8 Conflict Complexes and Conflict Resolution 203 8.1 Identifying Regional Conflict Complexes 203 Regional conflicts since the Cold War 204 Approaching regional conflicts 206 8.2 Regional Conflict and the Organizing of Regions 210 Regional frameworks 210 The limits of intra-regional frameworks 214 Extra-regional approaches to regional conflicts 215 Regional security after war 216 8.3 Major Powers and Conflict Complexes 218 Major powers in regional conflicts 218 Armed conflicts in major powers 221 Major powers and global conflict 222 8.4 Global Dimensions of Conflict Resolution 227 9 The United Nations in Conflict Resolution 231 9.1 The UN in Peace Agreements 231 9.2 Collective Security 233 The UN Charter 233 UN institutions 236 9.3 The Security Council in Conflict Resolution 239 Agenda setting 242 World regions 246 The permanent members 248 9.4 UN Action and Peace Agreements 252 Sanctions 252 Peacekeeping operations 255 Peace enforcement 258 x CONTENTS 10 International Communities in Conflict Resolution 263 10.1 The New Communities 263 UN-focused communities 264 Value- and power-focused communities 266 10.2 Early Action and Conflict Prevention 271 Examples of conflict prevention 272 Predicting escalation 275 10.3 Third Parties and Mediation 280 Entering a conflict 281 Approaches to mediation 283 10.4 Structural Changes and Peaceful Conflict 286 Undoing the effects of war 286 Reducing access to arms 287 Tackling the territorial issues 288 Developing democratic institutions 289 Finding new state structures 291 Assessing the role of power 292 10.5 Between the International Community and Pax Americana 293 Notes 297 References 301 Index 311 List of Figures 3.1 Analysis of incompatibility (following Galtung) 37 3.2 Satisfaction of needs and revolution (following Davies) 41 3.3 Synthesizing concepts in conflict analysis 58 Chart 9.1 UN Security Council resolutions, 1946–99 240 List of Tables 1.1 Traumas and hopes forming the agenda of peace research 6 2.1 Number of armed conflicts in the world, 1989–99, annually 26 2.2 Outcomes of armed conflicts, 1989–99, by the end of 1999 29 4.1 Basic types of armed conflicts, 1989–99 77 4.2 Peace agreements in armed conflicts, 1988–2000 80 4.3 Armed conflicts and peace agreements, 1989–99 83 5.1 Interstate armed conflicts, 1989–2000 90 5.2 Peace agreements in interstate armed conflicts, 1989–2000 92 6.1 Peace agreements in civil wars since the Cold War 134 7.1 Peace agreements in state formation conflicts after the Cold War 172 7.2 Solutions to non-territorial, identity-driven conflicts 178 7.3 Territorial solutions to state formation conflicts 183 8.1 Regional conflict complexes with armed conflicts since the Cold War 205 9.1 Agenda setting in the United Nations: the top ten conflicts 243 9.2 Agenda setting in the United Nations: the conflicts least attended to 243 9.3 Major armed conflicts, UN Security Council resolutions and world regions, 1986–1999 246 10.1 Candidates for conflict prevention analysis: disputes since the end of the Cold War 273 Preface The abundance of conflicts and wars since the end of the Cold War has created scepticism about the prospects for peace, security, dialogue and discussion among parties in conflict. We have, however, also had other developments: peacemaking paralleled warmaking. Wars have actually been terminated without the physical or political elimination of the opponent. This book focuses on the ability of opposing parties to negotiate durable agree- ments in spite of the fact that they have fought a bitter war. In many ways, this is historically a new phenomenon indicating that the hopes of success in peacemaking have to be realistic. There is much to be learnt and it is my hope that this work can contribute to that process. This book draws heavily on the facts and figures retrieved by the Uppsala Conflict Data Project at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University. Its many collaborators throughout the years have had considerable impact on my thinking. Indeed, the Department as such has served as a productive environment for increasing our understanding of the perplexing realities emerging since the end of the Cold War. I am grateful for inputs from my colleagues, notably Thomas Ohlson, Margareta Sollenberg, Birger Heldt, Kjell-Åke Nordquist and the many active members of the research seminar. I have also benefited a great deal from two longer periods away from the Department. I spent the autumn semester 1999 at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut under the auspices of the Department of Political Science. For this period I was affiliated with the unit for UN Studies. Discussions with Bruce M. Russett, James Sutterlin, Jean Krasno and Leonard Wantchekon were most rewarding, as were inputs from students I was teaching. A stay at the Joan B. Kroc Institute of International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana during the spring semester of 2001 was also important. It was made possible by the Institute and a grant from the American-Scandinavian Foundation. I am particularly grateful to Robert Johansen, Raimo V¨ayrynen and Scott Appelby for this. The book received its xvi PREFACE final touches during a short period as Visiting Canterbury Fellow at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, organized by Jacob Bercovitch. Finally, I owe a particular gratitude to William Montross, for having carefully, critically and constructively read the entire manuscript in his spare time and to my wife Lena for being such a wonderful support.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jan Eliasson and the Styles of Mediation Garret Brouwer
    Arbitration Law Review Volume 3 Yearbook on Arbitration and Mediation Article 37 7-1-2011 The Go-Between: Jan Eliasson and the Styles of Mediation Garret Brouwer Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/arbitrationlawreview Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Garret Brouwer, The Go-Between: Jan Eliasson and the Styles of Mediation, 3 464 (2011). This Student Submission - Book and Literature Review is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arbitration Law Review by an authorized editor of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GO-BETWEEN: JAN ELIASSON AND THE STYLES OF MEDIATION By Garret Brouwer* War and conflict have existed as long as humanity. Sometimes these conflicts can be solved with words. Unfortunately, many others are solved with weapons. With the rise of modern technology in the 20th century, the world has become smaller than ever. Humans can instantaneously communicate with one another across the planet. Economies are increasingly dependent on international trade and cooperation. Nation states have vested political interests in their neighbors and trading partners. Interconnectivity has made it more important than ever for conflicts to be resolved as quickly and painlessly as possible. The less a conflict costs, both economically and socially, the better for everyone involved. One method to limit these costs is international mediation. International powers and organizations have increasingly been using mediation as a means to resolve a wide range of disputes. One individual who has become synonymous with these efforts is Jan Eliasson.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Wallensteen
    PETER WALLENSTEEN Curriculum Vitae January 2016 Richard G. Starmann Sr. Research Professor of Peace Studies, Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA (Since 2006) And Senior Professor, Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University (as of August 1, 2012) First holder of the Dag Hammarskjöld Chair of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 1985- 2012. Senior Research Fellow, The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala, Sweden, since 2015. Married to Lena Wallensteen, Program Director, The Diplomatic Forum, Uppsala University and previously Professional Specialist, Higher Education, University of Notre Dame. Two children and six grandchildren. Contact information: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, PO Box 514, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Ph. (+46)(0)18 471 23 52. Fax (+46)(0)18 695102 Email: [email protected] August-December: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies University of Notre Dame P.O. Box 639, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0639, USA Ph. (+1)(574) 631 0935. Fax (+1)(574) 631 6973 Email: [email protected] 1 (43) Present Positions ____________________________________________________ 2 Education __________________________________________________________ 2 Academic Appointments _____________________________________________ 3 Administrative Positions _____________________________________________ 4 Teaching Experience ________________________________________________ 4 Professional Activities, ongoing ________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Vision and Legacy – 50 Years Later
    volume 6 1 2/2011New Routes 2/2011 1 A journal of peace research New Routes and action published by the life & peace institute Dag Hammarskjöld and the United Nations: Vision and legacy – 50 years later Special issue in collaboration between the Life & Peace Institute and the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Contents A sunny September day i was eleven, standing in our garden, moved to tears when my mother told 3 editorial: me what had happened. In my childish world Dag Hammarskjöld had been Dag Hammarskjöld re-visited a garantor against “the worst”, in spite of the Cold War round the corner. Henning Melber How could he suddenly go? Fifty years later I have the privilege of introducing Henning Melber as guest General rather than Secretary editor of this special issue of New Routes. Thanks to his commitment, know­ 7 Lena Lid Falkman ledge and network we present the vision and legacy of Dag Hammarskjöld in honourable memory. inspired by dag hammarskjöld kristina lundqvist 11 Birgitta Nordenman [email protected] [email protected] The ethics of an international 12 civil servant Hans Corell about the authors Leave it to Dag! 17 henning melber is Executive Director 06 President of the UN General Peter Wallensteen of the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Assembly. He also served as a Special and a Research Associate with the Envoy to Darfur (2006­08). Global leadership of Secretaries University of Pretoria. 21 kiyo akasaka is the Under­Secretary­ and Generals lena lid falkman (Andersson), PhD, is General for Communications and Public Thomas G. Weiss a scholar at Stockholm School of Information at the UN.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Service of God Dag Hammarskjöld As an International Civil Servant
    Uppsala University Department of Theology Master thesis June 2015 Supervisor: Nils Billing In the service of God Dag Hammarskjöld as an international civil servant Aron Thyr Abstract This thesis has examined Dag Hammarskjöld’s views on his own work as an international civil servant, through the use of a discourse analysis of Dag Hammarskjöld’s book Markings as well as a few other speeches and statements made by Hammarskjöld. The specific method used has been Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory with a focus on the concepts of hegemony and nodal points, combined with a hermeneutical approach. The thesis concludes that Dag Hammarskjöld might have altered his view on the role of the civil servant from first seeing it as someone who is serving the people, to someone serving God. It is interpreted as mainly a metaphorical description rather than a strict literal one, but the thesis concludes by claiming that Hammarskjöld’s faith and spiritual curiosity had a greater impact on his professional life in the later parts of his career than in the earlier ones. Implications for future research are discussed. Keywords: Dag Hammarskjöld, Markings, Discourse analysis, Laclau and Mouffe, Hegemony, Hermeneutics 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Aim of the thesis ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 A biography of Dag
    [Show full text]
  • Ban Ki-Moon the DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD LECTURE 2016 the DAG
    Evolving Threats, Timeless Values: The United Nations In A Changing Global Landscape Ban Ki-moon THE DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD LECTURE 2016 THE DAG the dag hammarskjöld lecture 2016 Evolving Threats, Timeless Values: The United Nations In A Changing Global Landscape Ban Ki-moon The Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture 2016 This is the text of the annual Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture given by Ban Ki-moon at Stockholm City Hall on 30 March 2016. The Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture 2016 was organised by the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-982875-2-3 Photos by Johan Wahlgren except photo no 2 on page 4 by UN photo Layout by Kristin Blom Printed by X-O Graf, Uppsala Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala, Sweden 2016 Ban Ki-moon Evolving Threats, Timeless Values: The United Nations In A Changing Global Landscape Ban Ki-moon – 5 – The Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture 2016 – 6 – Ban Ki-moon Preface Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, delivered the 2016 Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture, the 18th honoree to do so since the series was instituted two decades ago. Created in memory of the United Nations’ second Secretary-General, the Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture is an annual event given in recognition of the values that inspired Hammarskjöld as a statesman and in his life – compassion, humanism and commitment to international solidarity and cooperation. In selecting speaker, the guidelines state that this rostrum will be offered to a person who, in significant and innovative ways, contributes to a more just, peaceful and environmentally sustainable world through valuable achievements in politics or research.
    [Show full text]
  • Ujjjirr] III 20 IQSG/Centrat
    y THE SECRETARY-GENERAL 30 December 1999 Dear Thank you for your letter of 8 December, informing me of the fascinating conference you are organizing on Dag Hammarskjold. I very much appreciate the advanced notice on what I am sure will be a successful programme. He was such a multifaceted man that I imagine your biggest challenge will be balancing both the literary and the diplomatic aspects of his life's work. I look forward to learning the details as they emerge. With my best wishes for a happy New Year. Yours sincerely, UJJjirr] III 20 IQSG/CENTRAt His Excellency Mr. Kai Falkman Ministry for Foreign Affairs Stockholm 0^. 2.0 PERMANENT MISSION OF SWEDEN TO THE UNITED NATIONS New York, S December 1999 His Excellency-^ Mr. Kofi Annan U— ^t^JUDOi^, * 1 f i Secretary-General of the Unife Kai Falkman Dj fi (g [i i"^li lill NEW YORK "** +1-212-583 2538 n i 1 -M uu DEC 2 13 I9S9 I ul c?lc\\^ ; """ EXEClltlVE OFFICE ; nFTHFSFCRFJARY^ENERA^ L Conference on Dag Hammarskjold 17 September 2001 As I mentioned to Nane yesterday we are planning an International Conference on Dag Hammarskjold to commemorate the 40th anniversary of his death, 17 September 2001 in Uppsala. This idea was firs_t suggested by an American Professor of Literature, Mr. Richard Schoeck, in response to my article in The Times Literary Supplement on W.H. Auden's translation of Dag Hammarskjold's Vagmarken (Markings). Professor Schoeck had in mind a conference on Hammarskjold as thinker and poet, but — after consultations with Jan Eliasson and Peter Wallensteen — I suggested a wider perspective including his achievements as diplomat and statesman.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace, Development and Human Rights the Indispensable Connection
    Peace, Development and Human Rights The Indispensable Connection Jan Eliasson THE DAG HAMMARSKJÖLD THE DAG LECTURE 2011 the dag hammarskjöld lecture 2011 Peace, Development and Human Rights The Indispensable Connection Jan Eliasson sskrift_eliasson.inddkrift_eliasson.indd 1 22011-12-07011-12-07 16.2616.26 This is the text of the 2011 Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture given by Jan Eliasson at Uppsala University on 18 September 2011. The Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture 2011 was organised by the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-85214-58-2 Language editing by Peter Collenbrander Photos by Mattias Lasson and Mikael Wallerstedt Layout by Mattias Lasson Printed by X-O Graf, Uppsala Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala, Sweden 2011 sskrift_eliasson.inddkrift_eliasson.indd 2 22011-12-07011-12-07 16.2616.26 Preface On Sunday, 18 September 2011 at 16h00 – almost 50 years to the hour after the news broke that Dag Hammarskjöld had died in a plane crash near Ndola (then Northern Rhodesia) – Uppsala University’s Rector Anders Hallberg opened the proceedings in the university’s main auditorium for the 13th annual Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture, which was attended by a capacity audience. This year’s speaker was former Swedish Minister for Foreign Aff airs, Ambassador Jan Eliasson, honorary doctor and visiting professor at Uppsala University. Eliasson’s address on Peace, Development and Human Rights: The Indispensable Connection is the latest in a series of illustrious lectures by Mary Robinson, Brian Urquhart, Joseph Rotblat, Kofi Annan, Lakhdar Brahimi, Mamphela Ramphele, Noeleen Heyzer, Hans Blix, Sture Linnér/Sverker Åström, Martti Ahtisaari, Karen AbuZayd and Francis Deng. The event was preceded by a solemn ceremony at the grave of Dag Hammarskjöld in the presence of Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Victoria, who also attended the lecture as the guest of honour.
    [Show full text]
  • The Royal Court Annual Report 2009 Contents
    THE ROYAL COURT ANNUAL REPORT 2009 CONTENTS THE YEAR IN BRIEF ...................................................................4 CARL XVI GUSTAF – SWEDEN’S HEAD OF STATE .................5 REPORT FROM THE MARSHAL OF THE REALM ........................ 6 THE ROYAL COURT The Royal Court – in the service of The King ..............................................7 Financial reporting ........................................................................................ 7 Use of funds within the Court Administration .............................................. 8 Staff ...............................................................................................................9 THE COURT ADMINISTRATION Offi ce of the Marshal of the Realm ..............................................................10 Offi ce of the Marshal of the Court with Offi ce of Ceremonies ...................12 H.M. The Queen’s Household .....................................................................16 H.R.H. The Crown Princess's Household ................................................... 19 H.R.H. The Duchess of Halland’s Household ..............................................21 The Royal Mews ......................................................................................... 22 THE PALACE ADMINISTRATION The Royal Collections with the Bernadotte Library .................................... 24 The Offi ce of the Governor of the Royal Palaces ........................................ 28 - Stockholm Palace Administration .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Wallensteen
    PETER WALLENSTEEN Curriculum Vitae December 2015 Senior Professor, Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University (as of August 1, 2012) And Richard G. Starmann Sr. Research Professor of Peace Studies, Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA (as of 2006) First holder of the Dag Hammarskjöld Chair of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 1985- 2012. Senior Research Fellow, The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala, Sweden, since 2015. Married to Lena Wallensteen, Program Director, The Diplomatic Forum, Uppsala University and previously Professional Specialist, Higher Education University of Notre Dame. Two children and six grandchildren. Contact information: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, PO Box 514, SE 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Ph. (+46)(0)18 471 23 52. Fax (+46)(0)18 695102 Email: [email protected] August-December: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies University of Notre Dame P.O. Box 639, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0639, USA Ph. (+1)(574) 631 0935. Fax (+1)(574) 631 6973 Email: [email protected] 1 (44) Present Positions ____________________________________________________ 2 Education __________________________________________________________ 2 Academic Appointments _____________________________________________ 3 Administrative Positions _____________________________________________ 4 Teaching Experience ________________________________________________ 4 Professional Activities, ongoing ________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening the Practice of Peacemaking and Preventive Diplomacy in the United Nations: the UNITAR Approach
    Strengthening the Practice of Peacemaking and Preventive Diplomacy in the United Nations: The UNITAR Approach Edited by Connie Peck and Eleanor Wertheim A publication of The United Nations Institute for Training and Research Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland © UNITAR 2014 Support for the publication and distribution of this book was provided by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or UNITAR All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of UNITAR “Opportunities should be created for United Nations staff, throughout their careers, to acquire professional mediation know- how commensurate with the preventive diplomacy and peacemaking responsibilities of the Organization and to train a large number of our regional specialists in these techniques. I appeal to Member States to support the existing training programmes for staff from the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in these areas, most of which are funded from voluntary contributions.” – Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on enhancing mediation and its support activities (S/2009/189), 8 April 2009, p. 19. Contents Foreword vii Former Foreign Minister of Australia, the Honourable Gareth Evans 1 Training UN Staff
    [Show full text]
  • 503129 1 En Bookfrontmatter 1..36
    Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice Volume 30 Series Editor Hans Günter Brauch, Peace Research and European Security Studies (AFES-PRESS), Mosbach, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15230 http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/PAHSEP.htm http://afes-press-books.de/html/PAHSEP_Wallensteen.htm Peter Wallensteen Peter Wallensteen: A Pioneer in Making Peace Researchable With a Foreword by Jan Eliasson and a Preface by Raimo Väyrynen 123 Peter Wallensteen Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning/Department of Peace and Conflict Research Uppsala Universitet/Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Acknowledgement: More on Professor Peter Wallensteen, his books, other publications and links to selected media are found at: http://afes-press-books.de/html/PAHSEP_Wallensteen. htm. ISSN 2509-5579 ISSN 2509-5587 (electronic) Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice ISBN 978-3-030-62847-5 ISBN 978-3-030-62848-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62848-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Dag Hammarskjöld
    Dag Hammarskjöld by Peter Wallensteen During his period as UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961, Dag Hammarskjöld made himself known as an extremely effective, very dedicated and self-sacrificing civil servant. He was driven by a perso- nal desire to act quickly, which fitted his perception that problems should be solved before they became complicated. As a negotiator, Hammarskjöld pursued a neutral line and emphasized that the tasks of the UN included protecting small countries from major powers. Dag Hammarskjöld was also the man who shaped the UN’s mandate to establish peacekeeping forces, which became a permanent feature of its conflict resolution efforts. This publication deals with some of the crises faced by the UN during 1953–1961 and how they were handled by Dag Hammarskjöld: they include his diplomatic efforts in Guatemala, the People’s Republic of China, Suez, Hungary and the Congo. Hammarskjöld’s lasting contributions in his capacity as Secretary- General are further examined in a new section on Hammarskjöld and the UN today. Famous the swedish institute Swedes Dag Hammarskjöld by Peter Wallensteen the swedish institute CONTENTS Introduction 3 Swedish civil servant 4 Unexpected Secretary-General 9 Independent global actor 14 Innovative peacemaker 17 Defender of the Charter 22 Tragedy 31 Hammarskjöld and the UN today 41 Literature 45 © 1995, 2004 Peter Wallensteen and the Swedish Institute The author alone is responsible for the opinions expressed in this publication Translation by Victor Kayfetz Graphic design by Anders Rahm Cover photo: Dag Hammarskjöld by Pål-Nils Nilsson Printed in Sweden by Centraltryckeriet AB, Borås, 1995 Reprints 1997, 1999 Updated version printed in Sweden by Elanders Berlings, Malmö, 2004 ISBN 91-520-0795-2 Dag hammarskjöld stepped unexpectedly onto the world stage when he became Secretary-General of the United Nations in April 1953.
    [Show full text]