Thai Drug Systems 2020
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Online Advertising
Online advertising From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (July 2007) Electronic commerce Online goods and services Streaming media Electronic books Software Retail product sales Online shopping Online used car shopping Online pharmacy Retail services Online banking Online food ordering Online flower delivery Online DVD rental Marketplace services Online trading community Online auction business model Online wallet Online advertising Price comparison service E-procurement This box: view • talk • edit Online advertising is a form of advertising that uses the Internet and World Wide Web in order to deliver marketing messages and attract customers. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on search engine results pages, banner ads, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam. A major result of online advertising is information and content that is not limited by geography or time. The emerging area of interactive advertising presents fresh challenges for advertisers who have hitherto adopted an interruptive strategy. Online video directories for brands are a good example of interactive advertising. These directories complement television advertising and allow the viewer to view the commercials of a number of brands. If the advertiser has opted for a response feature, the viewer may then choose to visit the brand’s website, or interact with the advertiser through other touch points such as email, chat or phone. Response to brand communication is instantaneous, and conversion to business is very high. This is because in contrast to conventional forms of interruptive advertising, the viewer has actually chosen to see the commercial. -
Show Me the Money: Characterizing Spam-Advertised Revenue
Show Me the Money: Characterizing Spam-advertised Revenue Chris Kanich∗ Nicholas Weavery Damon McCoy∗ Tristan Halvorson∗ Christian Kreibichy Kirill Levchenko∗ Vern Paxsonyz Geoffrey M. Voelker∗ Stefan Savage∗ ∗ y Department of Computer Science and Engineering International Computer Science Institute University of California, San Diego Berkeley, CA z Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley Abstract money at all [6]. This situation has the potential to distort Modern spam is ultimately driven by product sales: policy and investment decisions that are otherwise driven goods purchased by customers online. However, while by intuition rather than evidence. this model is easy to state in the abstract, our under- In this paper we make two contributions to improving standing of the concrete business environment—how this state of affairs using measurement-based methods to many orders, of what kind, from which customers, for estimate: how much—is poor at best. This situation is unsurpris- ing since such sellers typically operate under question- • Order volume. We describe a general technique— able legal footing, with “ground truth” data rarely avail- purchase pair—for estimating the number of orders able to the public. However, absent quantifiable empiri- received (and hence revenue) via on-line store order cal data, “guesstimates” operate unchecked and can dis- numbering. We use this approach to establish rough, tort both policy making and our choice of appropri- but well-founded, monthly order volume estimates ate interventions. In this paper, we describe two infer- for many of the leading “affiliate programs” selling ence techniques for peering inside the business opera- counterfeit pharmaceuticals and software. tions of spam-advertised enterprises: purchase pair and • Purchasing behavior. -
How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand's Economy
How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand’s Economy The effects of immigration on the Thai economy are considerable, as the number of Economy Thailand’s to Contribute Immigrants How immigrants has increased rapidly since the turn of the century. Immigrant workers now contribute to all economic sectors, and are important for the workforce in industrial How Immigrants Contribute sectors, such as construction and manufacturing, and in some service sectors, including private household services. Immigration in Thailand is associated with an improvement of labour market outcomes of the native-born population, and in particular appears to to Thailand’s Economy increase paid employment opportunities. Immigration is also likely to raise income per capita in Thailand, due to the relatively high share of the immigrant population which is employed and therefore contributes to economic output. Policies aiming to further diversify employment opportunities for immigrant workers could be benefi cial for the economic contribution of immigration. How Immigrants Contribute to Thailand’s Economy is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The project aimed to analyse several economic impacts – on the labour market, economic growth, and public fi nance – of immigration in ten partner countries: Argentina, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Rwanda, South Africa and Thailand. The empirical evidence stems from a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of secondary and in some cases primary data sources. Consult this publication on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264287747-en This work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. -
National Report of Thailand Convention on Nuclear
NATIONAL REPORT OF THAILAND CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY The 8th Review Meeting Office of Atoms for Peace Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation August, 2019 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Reporting Article by Article 2 Article 6 Existing Nuclear Installations . 2 Article 7 Legislative and Regulatory Framework . 6 Article 8 Regulatory Body . 19 Article 9 Responsibility of the License Holder . 24 Article 10 Priority to Safety . 27 Article 11 Financial and Human Resources . 28 Article 12 Human Factors . 30 Article 13 Quality Assurance . 31 Article 14 Assessment and Verification of Safety . 33 Article 15 Radiation Protection . 34 Article 16 Emergency Preparedness . 35 Article 17 Siting . 42 Article 18 Design and Construction . 45 Article 19 Operation . 48 3 Appendix 54 I. List of Abbreviations . 55 1 1. Introduction Thailand deposited the instrument of accession for the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS) with the Director General of IAEA on July 3, 2018. Thailand has been a contracting party since October 1, 2018. Currently, Thailand does not have any nuclear installations. Its latest Power Development Plan (PDP) which was issued in 2018 no longer contains nuclear energy in its energy mix. However, Thailand had once included a nuclear power with different capacities in its previous three versions of PDP from 2007 to 2015. Thailand has only one research reactor, the Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1), which has been operated since the nuclear energy was first introduced to Thailand in 1962. Currently TRR-1/M1 is under operation of Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT), which is a governmental public organization under Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. -
A Survey of Royal Thai Traffic Police in a Northeastern Province of Thailand
Journal of Public Health and Development Vol. 15 No. 1 January-April 2017 GENERAL ARTICLE Response to road traffic injuries: a survey of Royal Thai Traffic Police in a Northeastern Province of Thailand Bijaya Shrestha1, Oranut Pacheun2, Chaweewon Boonshuyar3 and Manash Shrestha1 1 MPH, Department of Society and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand 73170 2 Dr.PH, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klong 1, Klong Luang District, Prathumthani, Thailand 12121 3 MSPH, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Klong 1, Klong Luang District, Prathumthani, Thailand 12121 Corresponding author: Manash Shrestha Email address: [email protected] Received: 24 March 2017 Revised: 17 April 2017 Accepted: 30 April 2017 Available online: April 2017 Abstract Shrestha B, Pacheun O, Boonshuyar C. and Shrestha M. Response to road traffic injuries: a survey of Royal Thai traffic police in a Northeastern Province of Thailand. J Pub Health Dev.2017;15(1):101-112 Timely and appropriate response to road traffic accidents can reduce the mortality and severe morbidity associated with it. Traffic police are one of the first responders, and could play a vital role in pre-hospital care of road traffic injuries (RTI). A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess knowledge, experience, and practice of Royal Thai traffic police in responding to RTI, and the association between respondent characteristics and their practice of responding to RTI. Self-administered questionnaires were employed among 123 traffic policemen of Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Descriptive statistics and chi square tests were utilized to analyze the data. -
Proceedings of the 67Th Annual Session of the ASHP House Of
House of Delegates Session—2015 June 7 and 9, 2015 Denver, Colorado Proceedings of the 67th annual session of the ASHP House of Delegates, June 7 and 9, 2015 Proceedings of the 67th annual session of the ASHP House of Delegates, June 7 and 9, 2015 PAUL W. ABRAMOWITZ, SECRETARY The 67th annual session of the ASHP House of Delegates was James A. Trovato, Pharm.D., M.B.A., BCOP, FASHP, Associ- held at the Colorado Convention Center, in Denver, Colorado, ate Professor, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, in conjunction with the 2015 Summer Meetings. Baltimore, MD First meeting Chair, House of Delegates 2015–2018 Amber J. Lucas, Pharm.D., BCPS, FASHP, Clinical Pharmacist, The first meeting was convened at 1:00 p.m. Sunday, June 7, Olathe Medical Center, Olathe, KS by Chair of the House of Delegates James A. Trovato. Chair Trovato introduced the persons seated at the head table: Gerald Natasha Nicol, Pharm.D., FASHP, Director of Global Patient E. Meyer, Immediate Past President of ASHP and Vice Chair Safety Affairs, Cardinal Health, Pawleys Island, SC of the House of Delegates; Christene M. Jolowsky, President of ASHP and Chair of the Board of Directors; Paul W. Abramowitz, Board of Directors, 2016–2019 Chief Executive Officer of ASHP and Secretary of the House of Debra L. Cowan, Pharm.D., FASHP, Director of Pharmacy, Delegates; and Susan Eads Role, Parliamentarian. Angel Medical Center, Franklin, NC Todd A. Karpinski, Pharm.D., M.S., FASHP, Chief Phar- Chair Trovato welcomed the delegates and described the macy Officer, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, purposes and functions of the House. -
Case Study, Thailand
Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events, Lima, Peru, 6-9 October 1998. Background papers © WHO, 1999 SMOKE EPISODES EMISSIONS CHARACTERIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISKS RELATED TO DOWNWIND AIR QUALITY - CASE STUDY, THAILAND Kanchanasak Phonboon, Oranut Paisarn-uchapong, Proespichaya Kanatharana, Songkran Agsorn Environment and Health Program Health Systems Research Institute 5th Floor, Mental Health Bldg Tiwanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand INTRODUCTION With abnormally dry conditions from the 1997-98 El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episode, widespread uncontrolled forest fires (originally as part of land clearing operations) occurred since June 1997 in Irian Jaya, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, and Sumatra of Indonesia, a country in the South-East Asia region (1). Approximately one million hectares of forest were ablaze when most of the fires subsided three months later in November. From September, the thick haze due to fine particles suspended in the air from smoke and soot had darkened skies across the region—Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, southern Thailand and parts of the Philippines. Indonesia declared a state of national emergency in September 1997. The Malaysian Government also declared a state of emergency in Sarawak on Borneo Island on 19 September. All private and public offices and schools in Sarawak were closed and the people advised to stay indoors. An increase in the number of people who required clinic (outpatient) visits or hospital admissions for various haze-related illnesses was reported from Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. More than 20,000 cases were reported from Malaysia, a surge of 20 percent was recorded in Singapore, and 334 Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events, Lima, Peru, 6-9 October 1998. -
Addresses of Record Not on Internet
Newsletter Indexfrom July 1998 through March 2013 Abandonment of Application Files 07/2007 Addresses of Record to go Online 04/2000 Addresses of Record Will Not go Online 07/2000 Addresses of Record to go Online 10/2003 Addresses of Record Important 01/2010 Addresses of Record Important 03/2012 Ambulance Restocking 01/2001 Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 09/2006 Anthrax Q & A 10/2001 APAP/NSAIDs on Container Labels 03/2012 Automated Drug Delivery Systems 01/2007 Automated Drug Dispensing Services 01/2002 Automated Systems in SNF/ICF 01/2005 Automation/Robotic Dispensing Check by RPH 01/2005 Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Med 03/2013 Use in Older Adults Black Box Warnings 01/2007 Board Enforces QAP and Urges Med Error Reporting 07/2007 Board Honors 50-Years Pharmacists (Ongoing) 10/2005 Board Inspectors/Verify ID 01/2010 Board Office Closed Two Days per Month 02/2009 Board Office Closed Three Days per Month 01/2010 Board Website Online 07/2000 Board Wins 5th National Award in Eight Years 10/2005 Board’s 110th Anniversary 04/2001 Board’s Budget Woes Curtails Services 01/2002 Board’s New Address/Phone Numbers 01/2006 Board Reappointments 03/2012 Board’s Web Site Info 10/2003 Boxed Warning Medications 01/2008 Brooks, Ryan/New Public Member 02/2009 BTC Drug Category Explored 01/2008 Canadian Drug Imports 03/2003 California Pharmacists Who Participate in Torture 02/2009 Carisoprodol Now Schedule IV 03/2012 Cash Compromise is Unprofessional Conduct 01/2002 Cathine Added to Schedule IV 02/2009 Cathinone Added to Schedule II -
16 Commentary on Thailand's Plant Varieties Protection
Copyright Material – Provided by Taylor & Francis 16 Commentary on Thailand’s Plant Varieties Protection Act Gabrielle Gagné and Chutima Ratanasatien The Thai Plant Varieties Protection Act, 1999, (PVPA)1 is a sui generis system that contains three types of protections for plant varieties: (1) intellectual prop- erty protections for new plant varieties that are novel, distinct, uniform and stable; (2) intellectual property protections for local domestic varieties which are distinct, uniform and stable (DUS), but not necessarily novel; and (3) access and benefit sharing–style protections for general domestic plant varieties and wild plant varieties. Interestingly, while wild plant varieties do not have to be uniform, the Act stipulates that they must be stable and distinct.2 Protection of new plant varieties The conditions for protection of new plant varieties is very similar in some respect to those included in the UPOV Convention (International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) system. In addition to having to be DUS,3 new plant varieties must not have been distributed in or outside the Kingdom by the breeder or with the breeder’s consent for more than one year prior to the date of application. This condition is, of course, roughly equivalent to the concept of commercial novelty included in the UPOV Conventions and many countries’ plant variety protection laws.4 The rights conferred with respect to new plant varieties are also roughly equivalent to those provided for under UPOV 1991,5 although the limits to the scope of protection differ in several manners,6 and the protection periods are shorter7 than those established by UPOV 1991.8 Going beyond the UPOV Conventions, the Thai law requires applications for new plant variety protection to include details about the origin of the genetic material used for breeding,9 as well as a proof of a profit-sharing agree- ment when general domestic or wild plant varieties have been used for breed- ing of the variety.10 Accepted varieties are included in a national register of protected varieties. -
Board of Editors
2020-2021 Board of Editors EXECUTIVE BOARD Editor-in-Chief KATHERINE LEE Managing Editor Associate Editor KATHRYN URBAN KYLE SALLEE Communications Director Operations Director MONICA MIDDLETON CAMILLE RYBACKI KOCH MATTHEW SANSONE STAFF Editors PRATEET ASHAR WENDY ATIENO KEYA BARTOLOMEO Fellows TREVOR BURTON SABRINA CAMMISA PHILIP DOLITSKY DENTON COHEN ANNA LOUGHRAN SEAMUS LOVE IRENE OGBO SHANNON SHORT PETER WHITENECK FACULTY ADVISOR PROFESSOR NANCY SACHS Thailand-Cambodia Border Conflict: Sacred Sites and Political Fights Ihechiluru Ezuruonye Introduction “I am not the enemy of the Thai people. But the [Thai] Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister look down on Cambodia extremely” He added: “Cambodia will have no happiness as long as this group [PAD] is in power.” - Cambodian PM Hun Sen Both sides of the border were digging in their heels; neither leader wanted to lose face as doing so could have led to a dip in political support at home.i Two of the most common drivers of interstate conflict are territorial disputes and the politicization of deep-seated ideological ideals such as religion. Both sources of tension have contributed to the emergence of bloody conflicts throughout history and across different regions of the world. Therefore, it stands to reason, that when a specific geographic area is bestowed religious significance, then conflict is particularly likely. This case study details the territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over Prasat (meaning ‘temple’ in Khmer) Preah Vihear or Preah Vihear Temple, located on the border between the two countries. The case of the Preah Vihear Temple conflict offers broader lessons on the social forces that make religiously significant territorial disputes so prescient and how national governments use such conflicts to further their own political agendas. -
E-Pharmacy Regulations in India: Past, Present, and Future Priya Nair S
S. Priya Nair, Middha Anil; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 5, Issue 1) Available online at: www.ijariit.com E-Pharmacy regulations in India: Past, present, and future Priya Nair S. Dr. Anil Middha [email protected] [email protected] OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan ABSTRACT The advent of digitalization has taken India by storm and the pharma sector is also not left behind. The trend of purchasing medicine online is increasing and so is the number of e-pharmacy start-ups. E- Pharmacies are recent entrants in the Indian e-commerce industry and receiving attention from the government as well as global investors from the past three years. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has published draft rules on 28th August 2018, with the heading “Sale of drugs by e-pharmacy” to bring e-pharmacies within the scope of Drug and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 by making amendments in it which currently does not distinguish between online and brick and mortar pharmacies. It aims to regulate online sale of quality medicines pan India through e-pharmacies registered under Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), India’s apex drug regulator and central licensing authority, where all records are maintained as per rules laid down. The confidentiality of patient details have to be maintained and cannot be disclosed to anyone one under any circumstances other than the central or state government as the case may be. The sale of tranquillizers, narcotic and psychotropic substances and Schedule X drugs are not permitted through e- pharmacies. -
Thailand HIT Case Study
Thailand HIT Case Study center for health and aging Thongchai Thavichachart, CEO, Thailand Health Information Technology and Policy Lab Center of Excellence for Life Sciences Narong Kasitipradith, President, Thai Medical Informatics Association Summary For over twenty years, both public and private hospitals have been trying to take advantage of the benefits of IT to improve health services in Thailand, yet varying resources and requirements of each institution have made for scattered, unharmonious HIT development throughout the country. The Ministry of Public Health made several attempts over the last ten years to develop a nationwide electronic medical record. However, hospitals responded unenthusiastically to the lack of immediate incentives and perceived benefits for each institution in exchange for the investment that building a common system for data sharing would require. Nevertheless, in 2007 an EMR exchange network remains in development, with the 21st century attempt likely to bring about new success in this area. HIT Adoption At present all 82 government provincial and large private hospitals in Thailand use some form of IT internally to manage drug dispensing, receipts, outpatient card searching, and appointment booking. The electronic medical record exchange system initiative in Thailand currently involves a few public and private institutions with a clear goal of supporting the medical tourism industry. This small but advanced partnership will act as the pilot project to help develop a model for wider coverage and a more comprehensive, farther-reaching system in the future. Hospitals share this information externally through hard copies, such as claims for health insurance. Most hospitals have unique software programs that are designed specifically for their internal use and operate quite comfortably within each institution’s legacy IT systems.