DOCSLIB.ORG

Montana Flora ID Specifications and Post-Fire Effects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Montana Flora ID Specifications and Post-Fire Effects Students Investigating Burns FIRE EFFECTS ON MONTANA FLORA Identification tools and forest fire effects on forbs, shrubs, trees and weeds found in Montana’s Rocky Mountain Region Beth Neely Amy Cilimburg Avian Science Center University of Montana October 18, 2004 www.avainscience.org 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Primrose Family (Primulaceae)……………..…………...21 Shooting Star; Dodecatheon pulchellum Tall mountain shooting star (D. jeffreyi) Forbs (Wildflowers) & Shrubs Aster Family (Asteraceae)……………………………... ….5 Purslane Family (Portulaceae)…………………...………22 Arrowleaf Balsamroot; Balsamorhiza sagittata Miner’s Lettuce; Claytonia perfoliata Hawkweed; Hieracium albertinum,Hieracium albiflorum Heartleaf Arnica; Arnica cordifolia Rose Family (Rosaceae)…………..………………… ... ...23 Yarrow; Achillea millefolium Birch-Leaved Spiraea; Spiraea betulifolia Ninebark (Mallow Ninebark); Physocarpus malvaceus Barberry Family (Berberidaceae)…………………...… … 9 Serviceberry; Amelanchier alnifolia Oregon-grape; Mahonia repens Strawberry; Fragaria virginiana Buckthorn family(Rhamnaceae)………..………... … .. ..10 Saxifrage Family (Saxifragaceae)……..…………………27 Redstemmed buckbrush; Ceanothus sanguineus Starflower (Woodland Star); Lithophragma parviflorum Evening Primrose Family(Onagraceae)…………………11 Fireweed; Epilobium angustifolium Trees Pine Family (Pinaceae)………...…………………...…… 29 Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae)……………………...12 Douglas Fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii Blue-eyed Mary; Collinsia parviflora Lodgepole Pine; Pinus contorta Ponderosa Pine; Pinus ponderosa Geranium Family(Geraniaceae)………………….. … …13 Whitebark Pine; Pinus albicaulis Geranium; Geranium richardsonii Weeds……………………….. ………...…………………37 Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceaa) … … … … .… ....14 Canada Thistle; Cirsium arvense Great Mullein, Common Mullein; Verbascum thapsus Snowberry; Symphoricarpos albus Spotted Knapweed; Centaurea biebersteinii Lily Family (Lilaceae)………….………………... … … ..15 Grasses………………………….. ………………….……40 Death camas; Zigadenus venenosus Blue bunch Wheatgrass; Pseudoroegneria spicata Glacier Lily (Snow-Lily); Erythronium grandiflorum Idaho Fescue; Festuca idahoensis White Hyacinth (White Brodiaea); Triteleia grandiflora Pinegrass; Calamagrostis rubescens Orchid Family (Orchidaceae)………………………..…...19 Calypso Orchid (Fairy Slipper); Calypso bulbosa Glossary… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …43 Pea Family (Fabaceae) ………………………………. …20 Bibliography………………….. …….. … … … .…… …44 Silky Lupine; Lupinus sericeus Acknowledgements………………….. … … … .…… …44 3 4 Arrowleaf Balsamroot Hawkweed Balsamorhiza sagittata Aster Family (Asteraceae) Aster Family Hieracium albertinum Hieracium albiflorum Form: Perennial forb, 20-70 cm tall, several stems branching from a long woody taproot. Leaves: Silvery-green, arrowhead-shaped, 20-30 cm long, covered with whitish felt-like hair, not toothed or lobed. Flowers: Yellow ray florets, solitary, 5-11 cm across; April- July. Fruits: 3-4 sided achenes 7-8 mm long. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wsherb/images.htm http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/lactuceae.htm Form: Perennial forb with milky sap. Erect stems, 3-35cm or 30- 80 cm tall, depending on species, long-hairs on solitary stem. Leaves: Mainly basal, 1-8 cm or 4-15 cm (species variant), spoon or lance shaped, toothless or wavy toothed. Flowers: Yellow, dandelion like (H. albiflorum white), 1 cm across, ray florets; June-August. http://www.cwnp.org/photopgs/bdoc/basagittata.html Fruit: Veined achenes, pappus of slender, hairlike bristles. Like many forbs that grow in fire prone areas, arrowleaf There are many species of hawkweed present in the balsamroot has an underground fire-survival strategy. intermountain west, including Hieracium vulgatum, H. Genetic information and energy is stored in the caudex, a gracile, H. cynoglossoides, H. albiflorum and H. woody underground stem that is insulated from fires searing umbellatum. Species vary in stem height and flower flames by a blanket of soil and can resprout in postfire years. characteristics. Hawkweed fertilization is rare. Most Once flowering occurs, countless seeds will scatter in the reproduction occurs from the development of seeds without wind, ensuring the growth of new plants in the post fire flowers, which are genetically identical to the parent plant. forest. H. albiflorum, or white hawkweed is distinct due to its white flower, a characteristic divergent from a predominantly yellow-flowered genus. 5 6 Heartleaf Arnica Yarrow Arnica cordifolia Achillea millefolium Aster Family Aster Family (Asteraceae) http://www.cwnp.org/photopgs/adoc/arcordifolia.html http://www.delawarewildflowers.org Form: Perennial forb, 10-60 cm tall. Sparsely white hairy stems solitary or multiple, loosely clustered from a visible Form: Perennial forb, aromatic, leafy, erect stems, 10-80 rhizome. Leaves: Opposite, blue-green, heart shaped, usually coarsely cm tall, from rhizomes. toothed, soft hairy upper surface with veins appearing Leaves: Alternate, slender and fernlike, 3-10 cm long. embedded; 4-10 cm long, 3-9 cm wide. Flowers: White and sometimes pink, 5 mm across in flat to Flowers: Generally one per stem, yellow rays, pointed at tip round topped corymb-like clusters 2-10 cm across; around central “button,” 2.5-6 cm across; June-August. April-October. Fruit: Achenes, 6.5-8 mm long with short white hairs. Fruits: Hairless, flattened achenes (1-seeded, nut-like fruit). Hearleaf arnica has a double-edged strategy to bounce back While most plants in fire prone areas are adapted to fire with from low and moderate severity fires. First, if the strategies of regrowth, yarrow has the additional advantage underground stem (rhizome) survives the fire, the plant is having the lowest potential ignitability of 14 species able to resprout. Then, in the first or second year after the common in boreal (northern) forests. Due to the chemical fire, a showy display of flowers is followed by massive seed characteristics of its stems and leaves, yarrow plants may be production. The wind helps disperse these seeds and new able to withstand fires better than other plants. In addition, heartleaf-arnica can pop up where the fire passed through, fires induce extensive rhizome sprouting, create favorable benefiting from all the extra sunlight that reaches the forest soil for seedlings and reduce competition from other types of floor. vegetative cover. 7 8 Oregon grape Redstemmed buckbrush (Redstem ceanothus) Mahonia repens Ceanothus sanguineus Barberry Family (Berberidaceae) Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/clearwater/LewisClark/lewis_clark_plants/LC_pho tos/shrub_white/ceansang.htm Form: Erect loosely branched shrub, deciduous, 1-3 m tall; http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/3petal/bar/repens.htm slender, red branches. Bark: Slender, smooth, and purplish-red in color. Form: Low, wintergreen shrub; branches 10-30 cm long; Leaf: Simple, alternate, ovate, 3-10 cm long; thin, dark green, not often spreading by rhizomes. shiny, finely toothed and gland tipped, 3 prominent veins from leaf Leaves: Alternate, 5-7 leaflets edged with holly-like teeth, 3- base. 8 cm long, oblong to egg-shaped, green in summer, Flowers: Small white, cluster near twig ends; May-July. red or purple in winter. Fruit: Small, hard, 3-lobed, rounded capsule containing heavy Flowers: Yellow, 1 cm across, 6 petals and sepals, in seed, 4mm long; occur in clusters. elongated clusters; April-June. Fruits: Grape-like juicy berries, 7-8 mm long, purplish-blue Without fire, redstem ceanothus would have trouble finding access to the sunny, open-canopied environment in which it prospers. As with several large seeds. a pioneer species, it propagates in areas disturbed by fire, but is alternately one of the first species to decline as shade levels Dormant buds on underground rhizomes await the increase. Additionally, redstem ceanothus is dependent on fire for occurrence of fire to call them to sprout, grow and seed, regeneration. While seeds may develop during intervals between surviving all but severe duff-destroying fires. This fires, they are heat resistant, meaning they lie dormant in the soil adventitious-bud root crown is the Oregon grape’s prime fire until the heat of an intense fire instigates germination. This trait is survival strategy, making it an on-site colonizer in the initial known as seed banking. Following severe fire, redstem ceanothus post-fire community. Like many shrubs, Oregon grape germinates in large quantities, taking advantage of mineral soils appears after a fire as a result of fire-survival and does not created by fire. If seeds were not buried deep within soil and need off-site seed colonization to grow in a post-fire area. intense fire reduced duff, the top soil layer, seeds may not survive. In addition to sprouting from newly germinated seed, redstem ceanothus will also regrow from the root crown where severe fire top killed existing plants. 9 10 Fireweed Blue-eyed Mary Epilobium angustifolium Collinsia parviflora Evening Primrose Family (Onagraceae) Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae) http://www.toyen.uio.no/botanisk/nbf/plantefoto/Epilobium_angustifolium.htm Form: Perennial herb; erect-leafy step, 30-300 cm tall, from spreading rhizomes. Leaves: Lance-shaped, alternate, 2-20 cm long, green in summer, red in autumn. Flowers: Pink to purple, saucer-shaped, 2-4 cm across with 4 petals, four-pronged projection from center in crowded, showy clusters, lower flowers bloom first; June-Sept. Fruit: 4-8 cm long erect pods, splitting lengthwise to release hundreds of white tufted seeds (coma). Form: Annual
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kamiak Butte
    Checklist of Plants from Kamiak Butte (List alphabetical by genera within major groups) Ferns Cheilanthes gracillima lace lip-fern Cystopteris fragilis brittle bladder-fern Polypodium hesperium polypody Polystichum munitum swordfern Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern; brake fern Conifers Abies grandis grand fir Larix occidentalis western larch Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Flowering plants Acer negundo box elder Achillea millefolium yarrow Agoseris heterophylla false dandelion Alyssum alyssoides alyssum Amelanchier alnifolia serviceberry Anaphalis margaritacea pearly-everlasting Anemone piperi windflower Antennaria luzuloides woodrush pussytoes Antennaria microphylla rosy pussytoes Antennaria racemosa raceme pussytoes Anthemis cotula mayweed, chamomile Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Arabis sparsiflora sicklepod rockcress Arctostaphylos uva-ursi bearberry, kinnikinnik Arenaria congesta ballhead sandwort Arenaria microphylla bigleaf sandwort Arnica cordifolia heart-leaf arnica Artemisia absinthium wormwood Aster conspicuus showy aster Aster occidentalis western mountain aster Astragalus arrectus Palouse milkvetch Astragalus canadensis Canadian milkvetch Athysanus pusillus sandweed Balsamorhiza sagittata arrowleaf balsamroot Barbarea orthoceras American watercress Berberis repens creeping Oregon grape Besseya rubra red besseya Bromus brizaeformis rattlesnake grass Bromus carinatus California brome Bromus japonicus Japanese brome Bromus tectorum downy cheatgrass Bromus vulgaris Columbia brome
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Hoverfly Cheilosia Urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae)
    USDA iiillllllllll United States Department of Field release of the hoverfly Agriculture Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Marketing and Regulatory Syrphidae) for biological Programs control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Field release of the hoverfly Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae) for biological control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08)
    P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08) Hidden Lake, Eagle Cap Wilderness—Alpine Lake at ± 2200 meters (7173 feet). A high cirque located at the far Northwest end of the East Eagle Valley, file:///Users/cliffcrego/Documents/picture-poems.com/photoweek/hidden-lake_9-5-08_text.html (1 of 5)10/17/08 11:57 AM P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08) Hidden Lake, Eagle Cap Wilderness—Alpine Lake at ± 2200 meters (7173 feet). A high cirque located at the far Northwest end of the East Eagle Valley, file:///Users/cliffcrego/Documents/picture-poems.com/photoweek/hidden-lake_9-5-08.html (1 of 5)10/17/08 9:09 AM P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08) Hidden Lake is one the most beautiful jewels of the South Wallowas and the Eagle Cap Wilderness. East facing, strikingly peaceful and feminine in character, it is one of finest examples of an intact alpine watershed I've ever seen. Hidden Lake TOPO On the road in the Northwest of America. SUNSIGHT! —for Mark Simmons Sunrise. No! Sunsight. Yes! Fuller was right. Each morning, the Earth turns to greet the Sun. We are all turning. The Muslim turns. The Christian turns. Even I turn, with my religion without a name. file:///Users/cliffcrego/Documents/picture-poems.com/photoweek/hidden-lake_9-5-08.html (2 of 5)10/17/08 9:09 AM P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08) Hidden Lake, Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon, IX.5.2008 SUNSIGHT!— 6:56 AM Streamside Fieldwork— VII.30.08 Eagle Cap, view from Hidden Lake file:///Users/cliffcrego/Documents/picture-poems.com/photoweek/hidden-lake_9-5-08.html (3 of 5)10/17/08 9:09 AM P/P Photoweek: Hidden Lake, Morning Light (IX.15.08) Last Light on Granite Mountain & PILGRIM Flowform & Destructive Movements Frazier Butte & SCIENCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium
    Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.
    [Show full text]
  • In Forest Management Presented on ;14L-2 3
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF J. Edward Dealy for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in Forest Management presented on ;14L-23; /2 Title: ECOLOGY OF CURLLEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY (CERCOCARPtJS LEDIFOLIUS NUTT.) IN EASTERN OREGON AND ADJAC-NT AREAJJ Abstract approved: signature redacted for privacy. Dr. Richard K. Hermann C ercocarpus ledifolius (curlleaf mountain- mahogany),a small, hardwood evergreen tree, was studied to provide informationon germination and initial seedling growth characteristics, and the species' relationship to its environment.and associated vegetation. Exceptional germination for this species resulted from botha wet cold treatment at 4°C for 170 days (88 percent), and a 15-minute soak in a 30 percent solution of H202 (64 percent).Total and partial embryo excision indicated two possible deterrents to germination: mechanical impedance by the seed coat or a gas diffusion block by the membrane surrounding the embryo.The latter was concluded to be the most likely deterrent. Planting techniques must provide for seed coat deterioration by fall seeding (which allows moist winter conditions to do this)or by a brief, strong chemical treatment before spring planting. A pronounced specialization was demonstrated for rapid root growth in relation to top growth of seedlings for at least 120 days following germination.Under optimum laboratory conditions, the six most vigorous seedlings extended roots an average 1. 13 m in 120 days, but developed only 4 cm2 of leaf area and 2. 35 cm of shoot height, indicating a high potential for re-establishment of natural stands after decimation by fire or logging, or in the face of grass and shrub competition.Seedling stem diameter immediately above the root crown was an indicator of root vigor.Seedlings with the largest diameter stems were deepest rooted.
    [Show full text]
  • Grassland and Shrubland Habitat Types of Western Montana
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Grassland and shrubland habitat types of Western Montana W. F. Mueggler and W. L. Stewart USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-66 INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-66 January 1980 Gras$land and shrubland habitat types of Western Montana w. F. Mueggler and W. L. Stewart INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION Forest Service U.S. Department of Asriculture Ogden, Utah 84401 THE AUTHORS WALTER F. MUEGGLER, Principal plant Ecologist for the Intermountain Station, spent 13 years conducting research on western Montana mountain rangelands. He is currently Leader of the Aspen-Moun­ tain Grassland Ecology Research Work unit at Logan, Utah. He obtained his B.S. degree from the university of Idaho, M.S. degree from the University of Wisconsin, and ph.D. degree in Plant Ecology from Duke University. WILLIAM L. STEWART, now Regional Pesticide Specialist, USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, spent 3 years as a Range Conserva­ tionist in southwestern Montana. For two of those years he assisted in the development of the classification of and management implications for western Montana grasslands and shrublands. He obtained his B.S. and M.S. degree from Washing­ ton State University, and currently is working on a Ph.D degree at Washington State University. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Major support for this study was provided by the Northern Region of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, through a cooperative agreement with the Intermountain Forest and Range Experi­ ment Station.
    [Show full text]
  • ICBEMP Analysis of Vascular Plants
    APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Concern APPENDIX 2 List of Species Conservation Reports APPENDIX 3 Rare Species Habitat Group Analysis APPENDIX 4 Rare Plant Communities APPENDIX 5 Plants of Cultural Importance APPENDIX 6 Research, Development, and Applications Database APPENDIX 7 Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the Interior Columbia River Basin 122 APPENDIX 1 Range Maps for Species of Conservation Concern These range maps were compiled from data from State Heritage Programs in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. This information represents what was known at the end of the 1994 field season. These maps may not represent the most recent information on distribution and range for these taxa but it does illustrate geographic distribution across the assessment area. For many of these species, this is the first time information has been compiled on this scale. For the continued viability of many of these taxa, it is imperative that we begin to manage for them across their range and across administrative boundaries. Of the 173 taxa analyzed, there are maps for 153 taxa. For those taxa that were not tracked by heritage programs, we were not able to generate range maps. (Antmnnrin aromatica) ( ,a-’(,. .e-~pi~] i----j \ T--- d-,/‘-- L-J?.,: . ey SAP?E%. %!?:,KnC,$ESS -,,-a-c--- --y-- I -&zII~ County Boundaries w1. ~~~~ State Boundaries <ii&-----\ \m;qw,er Columbia River Basin .---__ ,$ 4 i- +--pa ‘,,, ;[- ;-J-k, Assessment Area 1 /./ .*#a , --% C-p ,, , Suecies Locations ‘V 7 ‘\ I, !. / :L __---_- r--j -.---.- Columbia River Basin s-5: ts I, ,e: I’ 7 j ;\ ‘-3 “.
    [Show full text]
  • For Biological Control of Rush Skeletonweed, Chondrilla Juncea (Asteraceae)
    Field Release of Bradyrrhoa gilveolella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), for Biological Control of Rush Skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae) Environmental Assessment May 2002 Agency Contact: Tracy A. Horner, Ph.D. Plant Protection and Quarantine USDA - APHIS 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737-1236 Phone (301) 734-5213 Fax (301) 734-8700 email [email protected] 1 Proposed Action: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is proposing to issue a permit for the release of the non-indigenous root-moth, Bradyrrhoa gilveolella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The agent would be used by the permit applicant for the biological control of rush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae). Type of statement: Environmental Assessment For further information: Tracy A. Horner, Ph.D. 2 1. Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action 1.1 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), is proposing to issue a permit for release of a nonindigenous insect, Bradyrrhoa gilveolella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The agent would be used by the applicant for the biological control of rush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. The applicant’s purpose for releasing B. gilveolella is to reduce the severity and extent of rush skeletonweed in the continental United States. Rush skeletonweed is a widely distributed, non- indigenous weed. Native to Eurasia, this invasive weed has become established in California, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, Washington D.C. and West Virginia (USDA, NRCS 1999). The weed causes losses in infested grain fields, reduces rangeland forage production and reduces plant and animal diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plant Treatment Guide US Forest Service
    INVASIVE PLANT TREATMENT GUIDE - Summer Home Lots Bull thistle or spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) – Unlike Canada thistle, bull thistle is not a perennial but a biennial species and produces a taproot instead of an extensive root system containing rhizomes (underground stems). Bull thistle can be confused with other thistles, especially Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the closely related musk thistles (Carduus spp.). Bull thistle stems are conspicuously spiny- winged and have coarse or stiff hairs while Canada thistle stems are not. All species of Cirsium ("plumed thistle") have a pappus with branched hairs in contrast to the unbranched pappus hairs on Carduus ("plumeless thistle"). Bull thistle can be hand-pulled successfully. Dig out the entire plant including the taproot. Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) - Butterfly bush has not been observed in the summer home tracts, but summer homeowners should be made aware that this species, commonly sold at nurseries and garden shops, is not native to the Pacific Northwest and is invasive. It should not be planted or cultivated in the summer home tracts despite its attractiveness as an ornamental shrub and ability to attract butterflies. 1 Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) - Canada thistle is a rhizomatous plant species (it has an extensive and deep underground root/stem system), making it difficult to control manually since it is very difficult to remove all of the system if attempting to dig up the plant. The plant can resprout and spread from rhizomes as well as from root fragments created by digging. Mowing temporarily reduces aboveground biomass, but does not kill Canada thistle unless repeated at 7-28 day intervals for up to 4 years; however, this intensity of mowing is not recommended in natural areas, where it would likely damage native vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords
    FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords 29,958 entries as KEYWORD (PARENT) Descriptive phrase AB (CANADA) Alberta ABEESC (PLANTS) Abelmoschus esculentus, okra ABEGRA (PLANTS) Abelia × grandiflora [chinensis × uniflora], glossy abelia ABERT'S SQUIRREL (MAMMALS) Sciurus alberti ABERT'S TOWHEE (BIRDS) Pipilo aberti ABIABI (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella abietina, abietinella moss ABIALB (PLANTS) Abies alba, European silver fir ABIAMA (PLANTS) Abies amabilis, Pacific silver fir ABIBAL (PLANTS) Abies balsamea, balsam fir ABIBIF (PLANTS) Abies bifolia, subalpine fir ABIBRA (PLANTS) Abies bracteata, bristlecone fir ABICON (PLANTS) Abies concolor, white fir ABICONC (ABICON) Abies concolor var. concolor, white fir ABICONL (ABICON) Abies concolor var. lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIDUR (PLANTS) Abies durangensis, Coahuila fir ABIES SPP. (PLANTS) firs ABIETINELLA SPP. (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella spp., mosses ABIFIR (PLANTS) Abies firma, Japanese fir ABIFRA (PLANTS) Abies fraseri, Fraser fir ABIGRA (PLANTS) Abies grandis, grand fir ABIHOL (PLANTS) Abies holophylla, Manchurian fir ABIHOM (PLANTS) Abies homolepis, Nikko fir ABILAS (PLANTS) Abies lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILASA (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, corkbark fir ABILASB (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia, subalpine fir ABILASL (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILOW (PLANTS) Abies lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIMAG (PLANTS) Abies magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGM (ABIMAG) Abies magnifica var. magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGS (ABIMAG) Abies
    [Show full text]
  • SIGNATURE PAGE for RESEARCH NATURAL AREA
    SIGNATURE PAGE For RESEARCH NATURAL AREA ESTABLISHMENT RECORD Shaketable Research Natural Area Malheur National Forest Grant County, Oregon The undersigned certify that all applicable land management planning and environmental analysis requirements have been met and that boundaries are clearly identified in accordance with FSM 4063.21, Mapping and Recordation and FSM 4063.41 5.e(3) in arriving at this recommendation. Establishment of Shaketable RNA for the described purposes is recommended by the following: Prepared by __/s/ Dick Vander Schaaf_________________ Date ___1/28/08______ Dick Vander Schaaf, The Nature Conservancy Recommended by _/s/ Robert Crisler for________________ Date __3/28/08_______ Brooks Smith , District Ranger, Blue Mountain Ranger District Recommended by _/s/_Gary L. Benes____________________ Date __3/28/08_____ Gary L. Benes, Forest Supervisor Malheur National Forest Concurrence of ___/s/ Bov Eav_________________________ Date ___4/3/08______ Bov Eav, Director, Pacific Northwest Research Station TITLE PAGE Establishment Record for Shaketable Research Natural Area within Malheur National Forest Grant County, Oregon ESTABLISHMENT RECORD FOR SHAKETABLE RESEARCH NATURAL AREA WITHIN MALHEUR NATIONAL FOREST GRANT COUNTY, OREGON INTRODUCTION Shaketable Research Natural Area (RNA) is located in the Blue Mountains Physiographic Province of Oregon and borders the High Lava Plains Physiographic Province. The site represents the sagebrush steppe with a dominant natural community of low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula)1 shrubland and Idaho fescue as the dominant grass species. Rigid sagebrush (Artemisia rigida) can be found in large patches within the low sagebrush community as well as a number of grass species including junegrass (Koeleria cristata), bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) and one-spike oatgrass (Danthonia unispicata).
    [Show full text]
  • Grassland Native Species Ponderosa Pine Woodland Native Species
    Grassland Native Species Ponderosa Pine Woodland Native Species Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ) Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ) Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Western serviceberry (Amelancheir alnifolia) Columbia hawthorn (cratageus Columbiana) Ocean Spray (Holodiscus discolor) Western serviceberry (Amelancheir alnifolia) Prickly Currant (Ribes lacustre Wild rose-various species (Rosa sp.) Wax currant (Ribes cereum) Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregnia spicatum) Wild rose var. species (Rosa sp.) Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis ) Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus) Prairie junegrass (Koeleria cristata) Ninebark (Physocarpus malvaceus) Grass-widow (Sisyrinchium douglasi) Pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) Sage buttercup (Rananunculus gladerrimus) Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoregnia spicatum) Prairie star (Lithophragma parviflora) Prairie junegrass (Koeleria cristata) Larkspur (Delphinium sp) Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis ) Yellowbell (Fritillaria pudica) Timothy (Pleum sp. ) Sticky geranium (Geranium viscosissimum) Prairie Star (Lithophragma parviflora) Creamy buckwheat (Eriogonum heraclides) Larkspur (Delphinium sp.) Alumroot (Heuchera cylindrical) Heartlead Arnica (Arnica cordifolia) Wormwood (Artemesia absinthum) Wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) Besseya (Besseya rubra) Penstemon var. species (Penstemen sp.) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Panicked death camas (Zigadenus paniculata)
    [Show full text]