Bahrain in Key Global Indices 2nd April 2021 Strategy Optimization Consultancy Raja Yousif Al-Zayani Farid Karaymeh
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 1 Content
Title Page Title Page Introduction 3 E Government Index 34 Global Indices and their sources 4 Global Happiness Index 38 Global Competitive Index 5 Legatum Prosperity Index 41 Human Development Index 10 Global Entrepreneurship Index 45
Doing Business 14 Environmental Performance Index 52 Sustainable Development Goals Index SDGs 21 Global Food Security Index GFSI 56 Worldwide Governance Indicators 24 Global Health Security Index 61 Global Innovation Index 27 Final Statement Economic Freedom Index 30
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 2 Introduction
“Bahrain in Key Global Indices 2020 Report” aims to shed light on the current status for Bahrain at key global indicators, which issued by specialized international organizations and entities. It is a quick reading for the Kingdom’s position, as it appears at these indicators.
The selected indicators have been chosen for their diversity subjects and aspects. Some of the indicators, such as the global competitiveness index, is comprehensive in nature and covers most of the vital areas needed for the competitiveness of countries. While other indexes are characterized by specialization in evaluating a specific area of the economy like Doing Business Indicator, Health Security Index, and Global Food Security Index.
The importance of the international indicators stems from the fact that they identify the deficiencies and weaknesses that limit the capabilities of countries to improve their performance, as well as the strengths and advantages they enjoy. Moreover, these indicators give the opportunity for many countries to learn and benefit from experiences towards achieving their objectives. The international indicators, also, provide a benchmark among different countries at the prime development areas. Moreover, The ranking of a country at any of these international indicators are directly affecting its reputation and its credibility at the relevant sectors.
The report has been prepared to facilitate the decision-making process and to encourage those interested in the Kingdom to begin discussing and evaluating such indicators and using them to achieve national strategies.
While Strategy Optimization Consultancy is aware the importance of these indicators at the global level, the office is not biased with any of them. The images and relevant data has been projected as it has appeared at the relevant international sources.
Strategy Optimization Consultancy is hoping to successfully present the key aspect related to Bahrain’s current status in the global indicators.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 3 The Global Indicators and its Sources
Index Source Global Competitiveness Index World Economic Forum Human Development Index United Nations Development Program Doing Business World Bank Group Sustainable Development Goals Index SDGs United Nations Global Governance Indices World Bank Group Global Innovation Index INSEAD, Cornell University, WIPO Economic Freedom Index Institute for Economic Freedom E Government Indicator United Nations World Happiness Index John Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey Sachs ,Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang Legatum Prosperity Index Legatum Institute Global Entrepreneurship Index Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute Environmental Performance Index Yale University, Colombia University , World Economic Forum The Global Food Security Index The Economist, Intelligence Unit Global Health Security Index Johns Hopkins (Centre of Health for Security), The Economist Intelligence Unit, Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 4 The Global Competitiveness Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 5 Global Competitiveness Index (GCI)
Description:
According to the World Economic Forum, competitiveness is the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the country's level of productivity. The level of productivity, in turn, determines how prosperous a given economy can be. It also determines the rates of returns that investments receive in this economy. These returns are essential drivers of the pace of growth in it. In other words, the higher competitive economy is likely to grow with time more quickly.
The Global Competitiveness Index 2019*, which covers 141 countries, has been developed to measure progress in the competitiveness of countries based on a set of factors, each covering an aspect of competitiveness, and issued in an annual report called the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). Structure and Computation:
The Global Competitiveness Index comprises more than 140 indicators that related to the country’s productivity and prosperity in the long term. These indicators are classified under twelve pillars (institutions, infrastructure, ICT Adopter, Macroeconomic Stability, Health, Skills, Product Market, labor market, Financial System, Market Size, Business Dynamism, innovation Capability). These pillars were also grouped under four categories: Enabling Environment, Human Capital, Markets, and Innovation Ecosystem.
The computation of the GCI is based on successive aggregations of scores, from the indicator level to the overall GCI score. At every aggregation level, each aggregated measure is computed by taking the average (i.e. arithmetic mean) of the scores of its components. The overall GCI score is the average of the scores of the 12 pillars. For individual indicators, prior to aggregation, raw values are transformed into a progress score ranging from 0 to 100, with 100 being the ideal state.
* In 2020 the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) rankings have been paused. In 2021, the report will revert to a benchmarking exercise that will provide a new compass for the future direction of economic growth.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 6 Bahrain Overall Performance 2019
Score (0-100) Rank (141 countries)
65 48 50 44 44 45 39
64
2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 7 Overall Performance: Key Pillars
BAHRAIN RANK
2018 2019
119
117
90 90
74
72
65
52
48
46 46
45
44
42
38 38
37
33 33
31
30
28 28 18
Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 8 Overall Performance: Key Pillars
BAHRAIN SCORE (0-100)
2018 2019
87
79
78 78
74
71
70
69
68
67 67
66
65 65
64
63 63 63
62
61
46 46
39 36
Source: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 9 Human Development Index (HDI)
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 10 Human Development Index (HDI)
Description: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. The social and economic dimensions of a country are based on the health of people, their level of education attainment and their standard of living The Index is found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Structure and Computation: The HDI is calculated by combining three dimensions (indicators): • Long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth • Education: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling • A decent standard of living: Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (US$) Each dimension is given a value, called the value of development index, and ranged between 0 and 1. The closer the value is to 1, the better the human development of the country is. The 2020 HDI covers 185 countries.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 11 Bahrain Overall Performance (HDI)
Rank (185 countries)
47 46 45 45 41 42
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Value (0-1)
0.852 0.846 0.839 0.838
0.824 0.824
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: Human Development Report, UNDP http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 12 Bahrain in Human Development Indicators
Life expectancy at birth 77.3 Years
Gross Expected national Bahrain years of income per schooling capita $ 2019 42,522 16.3 Years
Mean years of schooling 9.5 Years
Source: Human Development Report, UNDP http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 13 Doing Business
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 14 Doing Business (DBI)
Description: The ease of doing business indicator measures the regulatory environment that enhance the commercial activities in top 10 factors facing the entrepreneurs, namely: Starting a business, Dealing with construction permits, Getting electricity, Registering property, Getting credit, Protecting minority investors, Paying taxes, Trading across borders, Enforcing contracts, and Resolving insolvency. Structure and Computation: The index is calculated by ranking the economies, from 1-190. The rankings are determined by sorting the aggregate scores on 10 factors and giving equal weight to each. Countries are scored by giving a value of 0 (lowest performing) to 100 (most performing) for each indicator and factor. A high ease of doing business scoring means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 15 Components of Doing Business
Topic Description All procedures officially required, or commonly done in practice, for an entrepreneur to Starting a start up and formally operate an industrial or commercial business, as well as the time and business cost to complete these procedures and the paid-in minimum capital requirement. All procedures required for a business in the construction industry to build a warehouse Dealing with along with the time and cost to complete each procedure. In addition, It measures the construction building quality control index, evaluating the quality of building regulations, the strength permits of quality control and safety mechanisms, liability and insurance regimes, and professional certification requirements. all procedures required for a business to obtain a permanent electricity connection and supply for a standardized warehouse (figure 1). These procedures include applications Getting and contracts with electricity utilities, all necessary inspections and clearances from the electricity distribution utility as well as from other agencies, and the external and final connection works between the building and the electricity grid. The procedures necessary for a limited liability company (the buyer) to purchase a Registering property from another business (the seller) and to transfer the property title to the buyer’s property name. It also measures the time and cost to complete each of these procedures, and the quality of the land administration system in each economy.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 16 Components of Doing Business
Topic Description the legal rights of borrowers and lenders with respect to secured transactions through one set of indicators and the reporting of credit information through another. The first measures whether certain features that facilitate lending exist within the Getting credit applicable collateral and bankruptcy laws. The second measures the coverage, scope and accessibility of credit information available through credit reporting service providers such as credit bureaus or credit registries. Protecting minority The protection of minority investors from conflicts of interest through one set of investors indicators and shareholders’ rights in corporate governance through another The taxes and mandatory contributions that a medium-size company must pay in a Paying taxes given year as well as measures of the administrative burden of paying taxes and contributions and complying with post filing procedures Trading across The time and cost associated with the logistical process of exporting and importing borders goods. The time and cost for resolving a commercial dispute through a local first-instance Enforcing contracts court and the quality of judicial processes index The time, cost and outcome of insolvency proceedings involving domestic entities as Resolving insolvency well as the strength of the legal framework applicable to judicial liquidation and reorganization proceedings
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 17 Overall Performance THE SCORE INCREASED FROM 69.9 IN 2019 TO 76 IN 2020
Score (1-100)
76.0 69.9 66.8 68.4 68.1
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rank (190 countries)
65 63 66 62 43
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Doing Business 2020, World Bank Group, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 18 Performance by Indicator
SCORE (1-100)
2019 2020
100
93.89
89.57 89.6
86.2
83.1
81.07
79.7
78.7
77.77
74.82
73.4
66.67
66
63.8
58.2
55
51.75
45 44.57
Source: Doing Business 2020, World Bank Group, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 19 Performance by Indicator
RANK (190 COUNTRIES)
2019 2020
128
112
94
93
82
77 77
72
67
66
60
59
57
51
38
26
17 17
5 1
Source: Doing Business 2020, World Bank Group, https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 20 Sustainable Development Goals Index SDG
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 21 Sustainable Development Goals Index SDG
Description: SDG index measures the performance of the country in achieving a better and sustainable future by monitoring 17 Goals and 169 targets for all UN group. The 17 goals are: No poverty, zero hunger, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation, and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, “peace, justice and strong institutions”, partnership. Structure and Computation: The SDGs Index calculation is based on the average performance of the indicators of each 17 Goals. The Index is ranking the data of each indicator from worst (0) to best (100). The result of the index is extracted according to equal relative weights for each of the 17 goals.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 22 Bahrain Performance
Score (0-100)
68.7 68.8
65.9
2018 2019 2020
Rank (166 countries)
82 80 76
2018 2019 2020
Source: Sustainable Development Goals , https://www.sdgindex.org/reports/
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 23 Worldwide Governance Indicators
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 24 Worldwide Governance Indicators
Description: The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) reports aggregate and individual governance indicators for over 200 countries for six dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, Control of Corruption Structure and Computation: These aggregate indicators combine the views of large number of enterprise, citizen and expert survey respondents in industrial and developing countries. They are based on over 30 individual data sources produced by a variety of survey institutes, think tanks, non- governmental organizations, international organizations, and private sector firms. The indicators are calculated by giving a value ranges from (-2.5 very low performance) to (2.5 as a very high performance), and a percentage ordered be between (0) least to (100) the highest. For example, the government effectiveness indicator of Bahrain in 2016 was 65, meaning that Bahrain government effectiveness is better than 65% of the countries included in the report.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 25 Bahrain Performance by Indicators
RANK (1-100)*
2017 2018 2019
68.75
67.79 67.79
67.31
66.83
66.35
63.94
60.10
59.62
56.73
51.92
51.44
22.38
17.14
15.24
11.33
10.84 9.85
VOICE AND POLITICAL GOVERNMENT REGULATORY RULE OF LAW CONTROL OF ACCOUNTABILITY STABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS QUALITY CORRUPTION ABSENCE OF VIOLENCE
*214 Countries covered In the report (2019) Source: World Bank Group, https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/Home/Reports
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 26 Global Innovation Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 27 Global Innovation Index GII
Description: The Global Innovation Index provides detailed metrics about the innovation performance of 129 countries and economies around the world. Its 80 indicators explore a broad vision of innovation, including political environment, education, infrastructure and business sophistication. Structure and Computation: The GII relies on seven pillars: 1- Institutions, 2- Human capital and research, 3- Infrastructure, 4-Market sophistication,5- Business sophistication, 6-Knowledge and technology outputs, and 7- Creative outputs. Each pillar divided into three sub-pillars, of which include two to five individual indicators. Sub-pillar scores are calculated using the weighted average of its individual indicators. Pillar scores are calculated using the weighted average of its sub-pillar scores. The GII includes two indices: 1. The Innovation Input Sub-Index is the average of the first five pillar scores. 2. The Innovation Output Sub-Index is the average of the last two pillar scores. The Global Innovation Index is the average of the Input and Output Sub-Indices.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 28 Bahrain in Global Innovation Index 2016 - 2020
Score (0-100)
35.5 34.7 31.73 31.1 28.37
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rank (131 countries)
72 78 79 57 66
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_gii_2020.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 29 Index of Economic Freedom
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 30 Index of Economic Freedom (IEF)
Description: The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual guide published by The Heritage Foundation. It documents the positive relationship between economic freedom and a variety of positive social and economic goals. The ideals of economic freedom are strongly associated with healthier societies, cleaner environments, greater per capita wealth, human development, democracy, and poverty elimination. Structure and Computation: The index is based on 12 quantitative and qualitative factors, grouped into four broad categories, or pillars, of economic freedom: - Rule of Law (property rights, government integrity, judicial effectiveness) - Government Size (government spending, tax burden, fiscal health) - Regulatory Efficiency (business freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom) - Open Markets (trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom) Each of the twelve economic freedoms within these categories is graded on a scale of 0 to 100. A country’s overall score is derived by averaging these twelve economic freedoms, with equal weight being given to each.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 31 Bahrain Performance
Score (0-100)
69.9 68.5 67.7 66.4
2017 2018 2019 2020
Rank (186 countries)
50 54 44 40
2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Heritage Foundation, Index of Economic Freedom 2021 https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2021/book/2021_IndexofEconomicFreedom_Highlights.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 32 Bahrain Performance by Indicators
2018 2019 2020
100.0
99.9
99.7
83.8
83.6
83.4
82.8
81.6
80 80 80
79.9
76.7
76.5
75.5
75 75 75
71.5
71.4 71.4
71.1
67.1
66.4
65.8
64.4
63.5
62.7
62.1
55.1
53.6
51.8
50.7
6.5
3.7 0.0
Source: Heritage Foundation, Index of Economic Freedom 2021 https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2021/book/2021_IndexofEconomicFreedom_Highlights.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 33 E-Government Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 34 E-Government Index (EGI)
Description: The Index measures e-government effectiveness in the delivery of public services and identifies patterns in e-government development and performance as well as countries and areas where the potential of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and e-government has not yet been fully exploited and where capacity development support might be helpful. The index is issued by United Nation every two years and covered 193 countries. Structure and Computation: The EGDI, is a composite index based on the weighted average of three normalized indices. One-third is derived from a Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII) one-third from a Human Capital Index (HCI) and one-third from the Online Service Index (OSI). The survey questionnaire assesses a number of features related to online service delivery, including whole-of-government approaches, open government data, e-participation, multi-channel service delivery, mobile services, usage uptake, digital divide as well as innovative partnerships using ICTs.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 35 Bahrain Performance
Score (0-100)
0.8213 0.8116
0.7734
2016 2018 2020
Rank (193 countries)
38
24 26
2016 2018 2020
Source: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E- Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 36 Bahrain Performance by Indicators
0.8466 0.8439 0.8261 0.8319
0.7986 0.7882 0.7897 0.7762
0.7178
OSI TII HCI 2016 2018 2020
Source: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E- Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 37 World Happiness Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 38 World Happiness Indicator (WHI)
Description: The Index Measures the well-being and happiness among the peoples of the world using the following criteria: Social support, Freedom to make life choices, Perceptions of Corruption, Generosity, GDP per capita, Healthy life expectancy. The report is issued by Sustainable Development Solutions Network every year. Structure and Computation: The Global Happiness Index is calculated based on the analysis of the data and questions to the individuals covered by Gallup World Poll, where the people can express their opinion about the level of satisfaction and well-being. Countries are scored by giving a value from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates the worst or the most unhappy country, and 10 to the happiest country.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 39 Bahrain Performance
Score (0-10)
6.647
6.199 6.227
2016-2018 2017-2019 2018-2020
Rank (149 countries)
37 40
22
2016-2018 2017–2019 2018-2020
Source: https://s3.amazonaws.com/happiness-report/2019/WHR19.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 40 The Legatum Prosperity Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 41 The Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI)
Description: The Prosperity Index has been developed as a practical tool to help identify what specific action needs to be taken to contribute to strengthening the pathways from poverty to prosperity globally. The Index consists of 12 pillars* of prosperity, built upon 65 actionable policy areas (elements), and is underpinned by 294 indicators. The Pillars are: Safety and Security, Personal Freedom, Governance, Social Capital, Investment Environment , Enterprise Conditions, Market Access and Infrastructure, Economic Quality, Living Conditions, Health, Education, Natural Environment. Structurer and Computation: The overall Prosperity Index score is determined by assigning an equal weight of 1 to all 12 pillars for each country. The mean of the 12 pillar scores yields an overall prosperity score for each country. The overall prosperity rankings are based on this score.
* The number of Pillars included in the Index increased from 9 pillars in 2018 to 12 pillars in 2019.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 42 Bahrain Prosperity Performance
Score (0-100)
61.31 60.91 60.53
2018 2019 2020
Rank (167 countries)
58 56
50
2010 2019 2020
Source: https://docs.prosperity.com/2916/0568/0539/The_Legatum_Prosperity_Index_2020.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 43 Bahrain Prosperity Indicators
RANK (167 COUNTRIES)
2019 2020
156 156
135
133
127
105 105
90
61 61
59 59
53
52
46
45
42
40
37
36 36 36
21 19
Source: https://docs.prosperity.com/2916/0568/0539/The_Legatum_Prosperity_Index_2020.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 44 The Global Entrepreneurship Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 45 The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI)
Description: The Global Entrepreneurship Index is a composite indicator of the health of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in a given country. The GEI measures both the quality of entrepreneurship and the extent and depth of the supporting entrepreneurial ecosystem based on the following 14 Pillars: Opportunity Perception, Startup Skills, Risk Acceptance, Networking, Cultural Support, Opportunity Perception, Technology Absorption, Human Capital, Competition, Product Innovation, Process Innovation, High Growth, Internationalization, Risk Capital. Structure and Computation: The Index comprises four-level : (1) variables, (2) pillars, (3) sub-indices, and (4) the super- index. The three sub-indices of Attitudes, Abilities, and Aspirations constitute the entrepreneurship super-index (the Global Entrepreneurship Index). The index is calculated by giving pillar values ranged from 0 to 1, and summation of the average values of all pillars.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 46 Structure of GEI
Sub-indexes Pillars Variables OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION Opportunities perception FREEDOM (ECONOMIC FREEDOM *PROPERTY RIGHTS) Startup skills SKILL PERCEPTION EDUCATION (TERTIARY EDUCATION*QUALITY OF EDUCATION) ATTITUDES SUBINDEX Risks acceptance RISK PERCEPTION COUNTRY RISK Networking KNOW ENTREPRENEURS AGGLOMERATION (URBANIZATION*INFRASTUCTURE ) Cultural Support CAREER STATUS CORRUPTION Opportunity Startup OPPORTUNITY MOTIVATION GOVERNANCE (TAXATION*GOOD GOVERNANCE) GLOBAL Technology absorption TECHNOLOGY LEVEL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ABILITIES SUBINDEX TECHNOLOGY ABSORPTION Human capital EDUCATIONAL LEVEL INDEX LABOR MARKET (STAFF TRAINING*LABOUR FREEDOM) Competition COMPETITORS COMPETETIVNESS (MARKET DOMINANCE*REGULATION) Product innovation NEW PRODUCT TECH TRANSFER NEW TECHLOLOGY Process innovation SCIENCE (GERD*((AVERAGEQUALITY OF SCIENTIFICAL INSTITUTIONS +AVAILABILITY OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGENEERS)) ASPIRATION SUB-INDEX GAZELLE* High growth FINANCE AND STRATEGY (VENTURE CAPITAL*BUSINESS SOPHISTICATION) Internationalization EXPORT ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY Risk capital INFORMAL INVESTMENT DEPTH OF CAPITAL MARKET
* GAZELLE: The percentage of high-growth businesses that intend to employ at least ten people and plan to grow more than 50 percent in five years
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 47 Pillars Description
Component of the What does it measure? entrepreneurship ecosystem Pillar 1: Can the population identify opportunities to start a business and does the Opportunity Perception institutional environment make it possible to act on those opportunities? Pillar 2: Does the population have the skills necessary to start a business based on Startup Skills their own perceptions and the availability of tertiary education? Pillar 3: Risk Are individuals willing to take the risk of starting a business? Is the Acceptance environment relatively low risk or do unstable institutions add additional risk to starting a business? Pillar 4: Do entrepreneurs know each other and how geographically concentrated Networking are their networks? Pillar 5: How does the country view entrepreneurship? Is it easy to choose Cultural Support entrepreneurship or does corruption make entrepreneurship difficult relative to other career paths? Pillar 6: Are entrepreneurs motivated by opportunity rather than necessity and does Opportunity Perception governance make the choice to be an entrepreneur easy? Pillar 7: Is the technology sector large and can businesses rapidly absorb new Technology Absorption technology?
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 48 Pillars Description
Component of the What does it measure? entrepreneurship ecosystem Pillar 8: Are entrepreneurs highly educated, well trained in business and able to Human Capital move freely in the labor market? Pillar 9: Are entrepreneurs creating unique products and services and able to Competition enter the market with them? Pillar 10: Is the country able to develop new products Product Innovation and integrate new technology? Pillar 11: Do businesses use new technology and are they able access high quality Process Innovation human capital in STEM fields? Pillar 12: Do businesses use new technology and are they able access high quality High Growth human capital in STEM fields? Pillar 13: Do businesses intend to grow and have the strategic capacity to achieve Internationalization this growth? Pillar 14: Is capital available from both individual and institutional investors? Risk Capital
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 49 Bahrain Performance
Score (1-100)
45.1 43.8
2018 2019
Rank (137 countries)
38
35
2018 2019
Source: https://thegedi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2019_GEI-2019_final_v2.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 50 Bahrain Performance by Indicators
SCORE (0-1)
2018 2019
1 1
0.91 0.91
0.904
0.87
0.72
0.64
0.632
0.603
0.59
0.564
0.56
0.54
0.495
0.493
0.468
0.45
0.449
0.43
0.41
0.364
0.31
0.29
0.281
0.228
0.108 0.1
Source: https://thegedi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2019_GEI-2019_final_v2.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 51 Environmental Performance Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 52 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
Description: The 2018 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ranks 180 countries on 32 performance indicators across ten categories covering environmental health and ecosystem vitality. The index is issued by Yale University, Colombia University , World Economic Forum every 2 years. Structure and Computation: The index construct scores for each of the 32 indicators, placing them onto a common scale where 0 indicates worst performance and 100 indicates best performance. The indicator scores are then multiplied by weights and added together to produce scores at the levels of the issue categories, policy objectives, and the final EPI.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 53 THE 2020 EPI Framework
Scope Issues Performance Indicators PM2.5 Air Quality Household Solid Fuels Ozone Environmental Health Drinking Water Sanitation and Drinking Sanitation Heavy Metals Lead Waste Management Solid Waste Terrestrial biome protection (national weights) Terrestrial biome protection (global weights) marine protected areas Biodiversity Protected Areas Representativeness Index Species Habitat Index Species Protection Index Biodiversity Habitat Index Tree cover loss Ecosystem Services Grassland loss Wetland loss Fish Stock Status Fisheries Marine Trophic Index Ecosystem Vitality Fish caught by trawling CO2 growth rate Adjusted emissions growth rate for methane F-gas growth rate N O growth rate Climate Change 2 black carbon growth rate CO2 from land cover Greenhouse gas intensity growth rate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita SO growth rate Pollution Emission 2 NOX growth rate Agriculture Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index Water Resources Wastewater treatment
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 54 Bahrain Performance
Score (0-100) 55.15
51
2018 2020
Rank (180 countries)
96 56
2018 2020
Source: Environmental Performance Index 2020, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 55 2020 Bahrain Environmental Performance by Indicators
Score (1-100)
100 93.1 86.9 67.1 56.6 56.6 60.4 41.2 33.2 18.9 0
Source: Environmental Performance Index 2020, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University. https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/epi2020report20210112.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 56 Global Food Security Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 57 Global Food Security Index (GFSI)
Description: The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) provides a common framework for understanding the root causes of food insecurity by looking at the dynamics of food systems around 113 countries. The GFSI comprises 26 indicators grouped under 4 categorizes: affordability, availability, quality and safety and natural resources and resilience. Structure and Computation: The index construct scores for each of the 26 indicators, placing them onto a common scale where 0 indicates worst performance and 100 indicates best performance. The resulted scores are then multiplied by weights and added together to produce scores at the levels of the issue categories and the final GFSI.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 58 The Global Food Security Framework
NATURAL RESOURCES AFFORDABILITY AVAILABILITY QUALITY AND SAFETY & RESILIENCE
Food consumption as a share of Sufficiency of supply Diet diversification Exposure household expenditure Proportion of population under Public expenditure on Nutritional standards Water global poverty line agricultural R&D Gross domestic product per Agricultural infrastructure Micronutrient availability Land capita (US$ PPP) Volatility of agricultural Agricultural import tariffs Protein quality Oceans production Presence of food safety net Political stability risk Food safety Sensitivity programmes Access to financing for farmers Corruption Adaptive capacity Urban absorption capacity Demographic stresses Food loss
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 59 Bahrain Performance
Rank (113 countries)
50 49 41 33 37
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Score (1-100)
68.6 66.6 65 64.6
2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: Global Food Security Index, The Economist, Intelligence Unit, 2020 https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Resources
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 60 Bahrain Performance by Indicators
SCORE (1-100)
2017 2018 2019 2020
82.6
82
81.9
77.9
76.7
63.3
59.5
56.9
56.8
57
56.3
53.0
53
39
39 33.7
AFFORDABILITY AVAILABILITY QUALITY & SAFETY NATURAL RESOURCES RESILIENCE
Source: Global Food Security Index, The Economist, Intelligence Unit, 2020 https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Resources
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 61 Global Health Security Index
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 62 Global Health security Index GHS
Description:
The Global Health Security Index (GHS) provides a comprehensive framework for assessing a country’s capability to prevent and mitigate epidemics and pandemics in 195 countries. The GHS Index prioritizes not only countries’ capacities, but also the existence of functional, tested, proven capabilities for stopping outbreaks at the source. The GHS Index also includes indicators of nations’ capacities and capabilities to reduce Global Catastrophic Biological Risks, which are biological risks of unprecedented scale that could cause severe damage to human civilization at a global level. Structure and Computation:
The GHS Index comprises 34 indicators, and 85 sub-indicators grouped under 6 categories: • Prevention: Prevention of the emergence or release of pathogens • Detection and Reporting: Early detection and reporting for epidemics of potential international concern • Rapid Response: Rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic • Health System: Sufficient and robust health system to treat the sick and protect health workers • Compliance with International Norms: Commitments to improving national capacity, financing plans to address gaps, and adhering to global norms • Risk Environment: Overall risk environment and country vulnerability to biological threats
The overall score (0–100) for each country is a weighted sum of the six categories. Each category is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, in which 100 represents the most favorable health security conditions and 0 represents the least favorable conditions. Each category is normalized on the basis of the sums of its underlying indicators and sub- indicators, and a weight is then applied.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 63 Main Categories at GHS
The 140 GHS Index questions are organized across sic categories:
4. HEALTH SYSTEM 1. PREVENTION Sufficient and robust health system to Prevention of the emergence or release treat the sick and protect health workers of pathogens 5. COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL 2. DETECTION AND REPORTING NORMS Early detection and reporting for Commitments to improving national epidemics of potential international capacity, financing plans to address gaps, concern and adhering to global norms 3. RAPID REPONSE 6. RISK ENVIRONMENT Rapid response to and mitigation of the Overall risk environment and country spread of an epidemic vulnerability to biological threats
The GHS Index is the first comprehensive assessment of global health security capabilities in 195 countries (preparedness capacities).
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 64 Bahrain Performance
Overall Score and Rank 88
39.4
Score Rank
Score and Rank by Categories 189
81 80 82 72 71 57.8 45.8 43.2 36 27.7 27.8
Prevention Detection and Rapid Response Health System Compliance with Risk Environment Reporting International Norms
Rank Score
Source: https://www.ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019-Global-Health-Security-Index.pdf
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 65 Global Health Security GCC Comparison
Country Rank Score
KSA 47/195 49.3
Kuwait 59/195 46.1
UAE 56/195 46.7
Qatar 82/195 41.2
Oman 73/195 43.1
Bahrain 88/195 39.4
The GHS Index is the first comprehensive assessment of global health security capabilities in 195 countries (preparedness capacities).
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 66 Summarized Analysis
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 67 Selected Key Indicators & Their Trends
Code Indicator Trend
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
HDI Human Development Index
WHI World Happiness Indicator
LPI Legatum Prosperity Index
GCI Global Competitiveness Index
DBI Doing Business Indicator
IEF Index of Economic Freedom
GEI Global Entrepreneurship Index
EGI E-Government Index
GHS Global Health Security
GFS Global Food Security
GII Global Innovation Index
WGI Worldwide Governance Indicator
EPI Environmental Performance Index
* As per the latest issued international reports.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 68 Bahrain Performance at Key International Indicators
HDI 100 SDG 90 WHI 80 70 EPI 60 LPI 50 40 30 WGI 20 GCI 10 0
GII DBI
GFS IEF Social GHS GEI Government Economy EGI
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 69 Where Do We Stand
We are 9 years away from the realization of our Bahrain 2030 Vision. Where do we stand? And, what is the impact of our efforts and initiatives on the performance of our strategies? As per the selected key international indicators, our strategic initiatives have resulted with a positive 74% impact on our Economy. While our Governmental efforts and strategic initiatives have a 61% impact. Our Social performance has resulted as a 70% impact.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 70 Concluded Statements International Indicators are vital for assessing the impact of strategies on the realization of visions. Measuring the performance of the strategic objectives and benchmark them against the international indicators are the only way to vet the success of strategies. Strategy Optimization Consulting is advocating to build-in the performance measures at the stated strategies, and to assess this performance on periodical bases, until the realization of the vision. The image and international reputation of any country or organization is influenced by the international indicators. The competitiveness ideology of Bahrain Vision 2030 has been the focus of this report’s assessment, as it is our believe that we cannot advance without understanding our status at the international compass.
8 April 2021 COPYRIGHT BY STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION CONSULTANCY (SOC) 71