DOCSLIB.ORG

Activation of Teliospore Germination in Uromyces Appendiculatus Var

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Activation of Teliospore Germination in Uromyces Appendiculatus Var Phytopath. Z., 108,267-280 (1983) © 1983 Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg ISSN 0031-9481 / InterCode: PHYZA3 Lehrstuhl fur Phytopathologie der Universitdt Konstanz, Fakultdt fur Biologie Activation of Teliospore Germination 1 In Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus ) I. Aging and Temperature By 2 R. E. GOLD and K. MENDGEN ) With 8 figures Received April 29, 1983 Abstract The effects of aging and temperature on teliospore germination in Uromyces appendi­ culatus var. appendiculatus were studied. 1. Indoor storage was good at ~ 4 QC in the dirk. Under these conditions spores remained dormant for ~ 9 mo, but thereafter germination gradually increased to a maximum (~ 63 %) after 36 moo Spores .9tored outdoors showed a marked increase in germination after ~ 4 mo and reached maximum (~ 73 %) at 7-8 moo 2. The optimum temperature for germination was at 18 QC. While freezing (-18 QC) and thawing (20 QC) had no beneficial effect on .pore germination, heat treatments from 30-32 QC for 3-4 d proved effective in activating teliospore germinaJtion. Heat treatments caused an increase in spore mortality. Ba,sidiospore release from heM-treated teliospores was markedly reduced compared to control spores. 3. In all experiments the emergence of metabasidia was preceded by an obligatory 3-5 d lag period regardless of the treaJtment given, the age or level of germinability of treated and control spores. 1) This study represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by the senior author to the Faculty of Biology of ,the University of Kon~tanz in March, 1983, in pantial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Natur.al Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.). 2) Author to whom reprint request> should be addressed. U.S. Copyright Clearance Cemer Code Statement: 0031-9481/83/0804-0267$02.50/0 268 GOLD and MENDGEN Zusammenfassung Die Aktivierung der Teleutosporenkeimung bei Uromyces appendicalatas var. appendicalatas durch Lagerung und Warmel:rehandlung Es wurde der EinfluB von Sporenlagerung und Temperarur auf die Teleuwsporen­ keimung bei Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus untersucht. 1. Gute Lagerungsbedingungen fur die Sporen waren bei 4°C im Dunkeln gegeben (Beobachtungszeitraum 4 Jahre). Hierbei blieben die Sporen ~ 9 Monate im Ruhestadium, danach stieg ihre Keimfahigkeit allmahlich auf ein Maximum (~ 63 %) nach 36 Monaten an. Im Gegensatz dazu waren Sporen, die auf dem Feld uberwin.terten, schon nach 4 Monaten keimfahig und erreichten ihr Maximum (~ 73 %) nach 7-8 Monaten. 2. Das Temperaturoptimum der Teleutosporenkeimung Jag bei 18°C. Der EinfluB von Kiilte- und Warmebehandlungen auf die Sporenkeimung wurde eingehend untersucht. Obwohl mehrmaliges Einfrieren und Auf~auen keine wesentliche Ak.tivierung der Keimung ergab, waren Warmebehandlungen bei 30-32°C fUr 3-4 d sehr wirksam. Eine geringe Erhohung der Mortalitatsrate und eine starke Beeintrachtigung der Abschleuderung von Basidiosporen waren weitere Folgen der Warmebehandlung. 3. In alien Versuchen, unabhangig von der gegebenen Behandlung, dem Alter oder der Keimfahigkeit der Teleutosporen, wurde beobachtet, daB nach einer obligatorischen Lagphase von 3-5 d das Metabasidium die Keimpore durchbrach und sich dann voll ausbildete. The teliospores of many agriculturally important rusts (e. g. Melampsora lini, Puccinia graminis, Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus) remain dormant for several months after formation. Problems associated with acti­ vating such spores to germinate readily have hindered studies of taxonomy, pathogenicity, and microscopy of the initial stages of basidiospore penetration and infection (see MENDGEN 1983). Many studies on teliospore germination have been conducted, but very few provide quantitative and/or qualitative information for species possessing dormant teliospores (BINDER et al. 1977, BLANK and LEATHERS 1963, HORNER 1963, KUSIEWICZ 1977, NWHAUS 1969). Various methods of stimulating germination of dormant tdiospores have been reported, including: cool laboratory storage, natural weathering, wetting and drying and/or freezing and thawing (see G0l-:D and STATLER 1983, MENDGEN 1983), chemical treatment (BINDER et al. 1977), application of host substances (KLISIEWICZ 1972, 1973), prolonged incubation on agar or water (GROTH and MOGEN 1978), and control of light (NEUHAUS 1969). Unfortunately, the reproducibility of these methods with similar isolates and their applicability to other rust species is unsatisfactory or unknown. Teliospores of Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus'l) (bean rust) were chosen for the present study. In the first part of this study, the effects of aging and temperature on the activation and pattern of teliospore ger­ mination were studied quantitatively and qualitatively. Preliminary reports of this research have been published earlier (GOLD and MENDGEN 1981 a, b). 3) Synonyms: Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wine. and Uromyces phaseoli (Pers.) Wint. var. typica Anh. See BOEREMA and VERHOEVEN (1979) and CUMMINS (1978) for an accurate nomenclatural account of these and related species. Activation of Teliospore Germination. 1. 269 Material and Methods 1. Fungal isolates The bean rust isolates are listed in direct relation to the extent in which ~hey were experimentally ~udied: Fungus Origin Symbol U. appendiculatus var. Lahr Valley, Black Forest, SWBR appendiculatus W. Germany U. appendiculatus var. Gottingen, W. Germany GBR appendiculatus U. appendiculatus var. Reichenau Island, RBR 1 appendiculatus Lake Constance U. appendiculatus var. Con~ance, W. Germany KBR 1 appendiculatus The following isolates were only briefly studied for comparison: Phragmidium mucronatum Kerry County, Ireland Phragmidium violaceum Mainau Island, Lake Constance, W. Germany Puccinia carthami (1) Davis, California, USA Puccinia sorghi (2) Ziirich, Switzerland Uromyces dianthi (3) Liutlehampwn, England Uromyces scuttelatus Constance, W. Germany The original uredinial or telial culture was kindly provided by: 1. Dr.]. M. KLISIEWICZ, University of California-Davis. 2. Mr. T. ULLMAN, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Ziirich. 3. Dr. D. M. SPENCER, Glasshouse Crops Research Institute, Littlehampton. 2. General The fungus, Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus, was increased for all exper­ iments on susceptible garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. Favor't). The plants were grown in a growth chamber held:Lt 18±0.50C, ~70%RH under 10000lx (16h photoperiod). Fourteen day old primary leaves were inoculated with an urediniospore suspension (~ 30 mg/ 100 ml distilled water with 0.05 % Tween 20) and incubated under dim light or in the dark a~ 18-20 °C and 100 % RH for 20-24 h. Secondary growth of the bean plants was removed biweekly. A.t 7-10 d after inoculation, uredinia were present on both ad- and abaxial leaf surfaces and heavy sporulation began. From 2-3 wk after initial sporulation, teliospore pro­ duction gradually replaced urediniospore formation in uredinia accompanied by teliospore production in separately developing telial sori. Mature teliospores were colle~ed 2-3 ,times weekly by gently brushing the infected leaves over aluminium foil. Teliospores were swred in closed glass vials in a refrigerator held at ~ 4°C and ~ 70 % RH in the dark. For the germin;l!tioll experiments teliospore-s were evenly brushed ontO a hydrophilic cellulose nitrate filter (Sartorius, 8,um pores) on purified 2 % glass-distilled water agar (Merck) in 6 or 9 cm plastic Petri dishes (Greiner). The rapidly evaporating fluorochemical liquid FC-75 (3M Brand Inert Fluorchernical Liquid) was used as carrier for the spores. The evenly spread spore ma-ss (~ 200 teliospores/mm2) appeared as a light brown monolayer. The plates were kept at 18 ± 0.5 °C under 1000 Ix (16 h photoperiod = 06.00-22.00 h, light; 22.00-06.00 h, dark). 270 GOLD and MENDGEN 3. Sampling and statistical analysis In all experiments, 200-300 spores were tallied in each of 3-5 replicates for each treatment per examina.tion date. Each experimel1Jt was repeated a minimum of 2-3 times. Observations were made at X 500 or X 640 using a Zeiss Universal microscope equipped with illlterference-contrast optics. Spore 5amples were scored for germination, mortali·ty, and in some cases for vacuolation. Spores were considered to be germinated when the metabasidium or por,tions ,therefrom were distinguishable beyond the limits of the apical germination pore and dead when the cytoplasm appeared anucleate and disorganized. All values represent total percenuge germination, mortality, or vacuolation, respectively. The results were analysed using Wilcoxon's rank test (Figs. 2, 4, 7, 8b) or Chi-square (X 2) from fourfold tables (Figs. 5, 8). Statistical differences with a significance level of P < 0.05 are indicated with an star (*). 4. Influence of aging on te1iospore germination. Teliospores of SWBR were produced in the fall and wimer of 1978 in growth chambers and stored a.t 4 DC as described above. As comparison, naturally overwintered spores of RBR 1 from field grown pole beans (1981) were tested. In this experiment, 2 alterna.te methods of overwintering were employed. In the first case telia-laden trifoliate leaves were collected randomly from the plants and air dried for 7 d in a cool greenhouse. The dried leaves were placed into a jute sack that was hung on ,the out5ide of a shed. The sack was not in direct sunlight and was protected from rain- and snowfall. The second alternative was simply to leave the infected pole beans standing with no protection or special precautions to minimize na.tural weathering.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. VI - Introduction to Neotropical Entomology and Phytopathology - A. Bonet and G. Carrión INTRODUCTION TO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY A. Bonet Department of Entomology, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico G. Carrión Department of Biodiversity and Systematic, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Mexico Keywords: Biodiversity loss, biological control, evolution, hotspot regions, insect biodiversity, insect pests, multitrophic interactions, parasite-host relationship, pathogens, pollination, rust fungi Contents 1. Introduction 2. History 2.1. Phytopathology 2.1.1. Evolution of the Parasite-Host Relationship 2.1.2. The Evolution of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Their Host Plants 2.1.3. Flor’s Gene-For-Gene Theory 2.1.4. Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Plant Parasitic Fungi and Hyperparasites 2.2. Entomology 2.2.1. Entomology in Asia and the Middle East 2.2.2. Entomology in Ancient Greece and Rome 2.2.3. New World Prehispanic Cultures 3. Insect evolution 4. Biodiversity 4.1. Biodiversity Loss and Insect Conservation 5. Ecosystem services and the use of biodiversity 5.1. Pollination in Tropical Ecosystems 5.2. Biological Control of Fungi and Insects 6. The future of Entomology and phytopathology 7. Entomology and phytopathology section’s content 8. ConclusionUNESCO – EOLSS Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchesSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary Insects are among the most abundant and diverse organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, making up more than half of the earth’s biodiversity. To date, 1.5 million species of organisms have been recorded, although around 85% of potential species (some 10 million) have not yet been identified. In the case of the Neotropics, although insects are clearly a vital element, there are many families of organisms and regions that are yet to be well researched.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Infection Biology of Uromyces Species and Other Rust Spores Sharad Shroff, Dewprakash Patel and Jayant Sahu Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005(India)
    1837 Sharad Shroff et al./ Elixir Agriculture 30 (2011) 1837-1842 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Agriculture Elixir Agriculture 30 (2011) 1837-1842 Review on infection biology of uromyces species and other rust spores Sharad Shroff, Dewprakash Patel and Jayant Sahu Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005(India). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Uromyces fabae (Uromyces viciae-fabae) the pea rust was first reported by D. C. H. Persoon in Received: 8 January 2011; 1801. Later DeBary (1862) changed the genus and renamed it as Uromyces fabae (Pers) Received in revised form: deBary. There after, Kispatic (1949) described f. sp. viciae -fabae by including host vicia fabae. 26 January 2011 The pathogen Uromyces fabae described as autoecious rust with aeciospores, urediospores and Accepted: 29 January 2011 teliospores found on the surface of host plant (Arthur and Cummins, 1962; Gaumann, 1998). Gaumann proposed that the fungus be classified into nine forma speciales each with a host Keywords range limited to two or there species. Later it was observed that the isolates of Uromyces penetration hypha, viciae-fabae share so many hosts in common that it was impossible to classify them into Host surface penetration, forma speciales (Conner and Bernier, 1982). Based on the distinctive shape and dimensions of Aecium cup, substomatal vesicle, Uromyces viciae fabae has been described as a species complex (Emeran Peridium layer. et al., 2005). It revealed that host specialized isolates of Uromyces viciae fabae were morphologically distinct, differing in both spore dimensions and infection structure. © 2011 Elixir All rights reserved. Introduction Variability in the pathogen Uppal (1933) and Prasada and Verma (1948) found that Pathogenic variability has been reported in field collection several species of Vicia, Lathyrus, Pisum , and Lentil are of Uromyces fabae (Singh and Sokhi, 1980; Conner and Bernier, susceptible to Uromyces fabae in India and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Size Estimates for Six Rust (Pucciniales) Species Estimativa Do Tamanho Do Genoma De Seis Espécies De Ferrugens (Pucciniales)
    Genome size estimates for six rust (Pucciniales) species Estimativa do tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de ferrugens (Pucciniales) Pedro Talhinhas1,2, Ana Paula Ramos2, Daniela Tavares3, Sílvia Tavares1* and João Loureiro3 1 Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal E-mail: *[email protected], author for correspondence 2 LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Received/Recebido:2015.02.28 Accepted/Aceite: 2015.05.19 RESUMO Os fungos que causam ferrugens caraterizam-se pela especialização relativamente ao hospedeiro, pela biotrofia, por possuírem ciclos de vida complexos e grandes genomas. Neste trabalho a citometria de fluxo foi empregue para de- terminar o tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de fungos Pucciniales (Basidiomycota), Melampsora pulcherrima, Puccinia behenis, P. cichorii, P. pimpinellae, P. vincae e Uromyces dianthi, agentes causais de ferrugem em Mercurialis annua, Silene latifolia, Cichorium intybus, Pimpinella villosa, Vinca major e Dianthus caryophyllus, respetivamente. Com resultados entre 182,1 e 566,4 Mpb/1C, este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento do tamanho dos genomas na ordem Pucciniales, re- forçando a posição deste táxone como o que engloba os fungos com maior tamanho médio de genoma (335,6 Mpb/1C). Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de distribuição de tamanhos de genoma ao longo da filogenia dos fungos, sugerindo uma ligação entre caraterísticas biológicas e o tamanho do genoma. Em particular, os tamanhos dos genomas de fungos Pucciniales variam fortemente dentro do género, mas também diferem de forma vincada dos genomas de outras ordens em Pucciniomycotina que não Pucciniales, sugerindo que a variação do tamanho do genoma possa ser um elemento ativo na evolução dos agentes causais de ferrugens.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Fungi- SBT 302 Mycology
    MYCOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES DR. STANLEY KIMARU 2019 NOMENCLATURE-BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE, RULES OF NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI. KEY TO DIVISIONS AND SUB-DIVISIONS Taxonomy and Nomenclature Nomenclature is the naming of organisms. Both classification and nomenclature are governed by International code of Botanical Nomenclature, in order to devise stable methods of naming various taxa, As per binomial nomenclature, genus and species represent the name of an organism. Binomials when written should be underlined or italicized when printed. First letter of the genus should be capital and is commonly a noun, while species is often an adjective. An example for binomial can be cited as: Kingdom = Fungi Division = Eumycota Subdivision = Basidiomycotina Class = Teliomycetes Order = Uredinales Family = Pucciniaceae Genus = Puccinia Species = graminis Classification of Fungi An outline of classification (G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman, The Fungi Vol. IV-B, 1973) Key to divisions of Mycota Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium present. MYXOMYCOTA Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium absent, Assimilative phase filamentous. EUMYCOTA MYXOMYCOTA Class: Plasmodiophoromycetes 1. Plasmodiophorales Plasmodiophoraceae Plasmodiophora, Spongospora, Polymyxa Key to sub divisions of Eumycota Motile cells (zoospores) present, … MASTIGOMYCOTINA Sexual spores typically oospores Motile cells absent Perfect (sexual) state present as Zygospores… ZYGOMYCOTINA Ascospores… ASCOMYCOTINA Basidiospores… BASIDIOMYCOTINA Perfect (sexual) state
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Bad Guys – Rust by Nanette Londeree
    Garden Bad Guys – Rust By Nanette Londeree What happens when you combine mild spring weather, a rain that lasts for a day or two and rapidly growing plants fighting for space? Besides the proverbial May flowers, foliage might take on a rusty orange-splattered look. Nature’s overhead irrigation is not only a boon for the garden and the gardener, but also a host of fungal diseases – and one of the most common is rust. There are thousands of different species of this ubiquitous disease that infect a wide range of host plants including birch, hawthorn, juniper, pine and poplar trees, crops such as corn and wheat, cotton, soybeans and sunflowers; vegetables and fruit, turf, and many ornamentals – ferns, fuchsias, rhododendrons, roses, chrysanthemums, geraniums, lilies and snapdragons, to name a few. The disease has been a scourge to humans for centuries. Aristotle described epidemics in ancient Greece, while the Romans held an annual festival, Robigalia, to appease the gods they believed responsible for the dreaded malady. It has been the cause of many famines throughout history and continues to result in significant economic damage to food and other crops. It is fairly easy to identify rust with its orange, powdery pustules on the undersides of infected leaves and other plant parts. Rub an infected leave on a piece of white paper and spores of the disease will leave behind rusty orange-colored streaks. Early in the season the pustules may appear yellow to light orange, deepening in color to dark orange - red brown in the summer. Many form black overwintering spores in the autumn that start the disease cycle again in the spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala 2011 Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Iuliia Kyiashchenko Master‟ thesis, 30 hec Ecology Master‟s programme SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Iuliia Kyiashchenko Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Uppsala 2011 Supervisors: Prof. Jonathan Yuen, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Anna Berlin, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Examiner: Anders Dahlberg, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Credits: 30 hp Level: E Subject: Biology Course title: Independent project in Biology Course code: EX0565 Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key words: rust fungi, aecia, aeciospores, morphology, barberry, DNA sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis Front-page picture: Barberry bush infected by Puccinia spp., outside Trosa, Sweden. Photo: Anna Berlin 2 3 Content 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.1 Life cycle…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2 Hyphae and haustoria………………………………………………………………... 9 1.3 Rust taxonomy……………………………………………………………………….. 10 1.3.1 Formae specialis………………………………………………………………. 10 1.4 Economic importance………………………………………………………………... 10 2 Materials and methods……………………………………………………………... 13 2.1 Rust and barberry
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenicity Resulting from Mutation at the B Locus of Ustilago Maydis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 533-535, March 1971 Pathogenicity Resulting from Mutation at the b Locus of Ustilago maydis P. R. DAY, S. L. ANAGNOSTAKIS, AND J. E. PUHALLA The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn. 06504 Communicated by J. G. Horsfall, December 14, 1970 ABSTRACT This paper explores the genetic basis of the both factors (a# b$) form mycelial colonies (3). Artificial ability of the fungus, Ustilago maydis, to induce neo- mixtures showed that the method was sufficiently sensitive to plastic galls in the corn plant (Zea mays). Pathogenic mutants of U. maydis were produced by ultraviolet ir- detect one mutant diploid as a mycelial spot in a background radiation of cultures of nonpathogenic diploids homozy- of 5 X 105 cells per plate. Three b factors were used: bG, bD, gous at the b locus. The mutants formed smaller neo- and bl. plasms, produced fewer teliospores, and showed higher frequencies of meiotic failure and lower rates of basidio- RESULTS spore survival than did the wild-type fungus. In each selection experiment, mycelial colonies were picked The corn plant (Zea mays) suffers from a neoplastic disease from CM X2 and inoculated to corn seedlings to test for induced by a fungus, Ustikzgo maydis. Two genetic loci (a and pathogenicity. The results are shown in Table 1. The two b) in the fungus control sexual compatibility and pathogenic- diploids homozygous for bG were obtained independently as ity. The a locus has two alleles and controls cell fusion in the unreduced products from a natural infection and carried no pathogen (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Size Estimates for Six Rust (Pucciniales) Species Estimativa Do Tamanho Do Genoma De Seis Espécies De Ferrugens (Pucciniales)
    Genome size estimates for six rust (Pucciniales) species Estimativa do tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de ferrugens (Pucciniales) Pedro Talhinhas1,2, Ana Paula Ramos2, Daniela Tavares3, Sílvia Tavares1* and João Loureiro3 1 Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal E-mail: *[email protected], author for correspondence 2 LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Received/Recebido:2015.02.28 Accepted/Aceite: 2015.05.19 RESUMO Os fungos que causam ferrugens caraterizam-se pela especialização relativamente ao hospedeiro, pela biotrofia, por possuírem ciclos de vida complexos e grandes genomas. Neste trabalho a citometria de fluxo foi empregue para de- terminar o tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de fungos Pucciniales (Basidiomycota), Melampsora pulcherrima, Puccinia behenis, P. cichorii, P. pimpinellae, P. vincae e Uromyces dianthi, agentes causais de ferrugem em Mercurialis annua, Silene latifolia, Cichorium intybus, Pimpinella villosa, Vinca major e Dianthus caryophyllus, respetivamente. Com resultados entre 182,1 e 566,4 Mpb/1C, este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento do tamanho dos genomas na ordem Pucciniales, re- forçando a posição deste táxone como o que engloba os fungos com maior tamanho médio de genoma (335,6 Mpb/1C). Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de distribuição de tamanhos de genoma ao longo da filogenia dos fungos, sugerindo uma ligação entre caraterísticas biológicas e o tamanho do genoma. Em particular, os tamanhos dos genomas de fungos Pucciniales variam fortemente dentro do género, mas também diferem de forma vincada dos genomas de outras ordens em Pucciniomycotina que não Pucciniales, sugerindo que a variação do tamanho do genoma possa ser um elemento ativo na evolução dos agentes causais de ferrugens.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetics of Phragmidium Violaceum
    Population genetics of Phrugmidium violaceum Don R. Gomez B. Ag. Sc. (Hons), The University of Adelaide Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy tn The University of Adelaide Discipline of Plant and Pest Science School of Agriculture and \Mine Faculty of Sciences July 2005 I dedicøte this thesis to my pørents, Rosølio and Rosølie for their untiring love ønd support Table of contents Abstract t Declaration tv Acknowledgements v Publications and conference proceedings vl Abbreviations vii Glossary of terms vul I Introduction I 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 The weed: Rubus fruticosus tggregate 5 2.2.I History of introduction and spread 5 2.2.2 Impact on Australian environment and economy 5 2.2.3 Morphology and growth habit 6 2.2.4 Taxonomy 6 2.2.5 Distribution and ecology 8 2.2.6 Integrated weed management 10 2.3 The biocontrol agent: Phragmídium violaceum 11 2.3.7 Host specificity and mode of action 11 2.3.2 History of P. violaceum in Australia 72 2.3.3 Life history of P. violaceum 13 2.3.3.I Uredinales rust fungi and their spore states 13 2.3.3.2 Life history of P. violaceum inrelation to host phenology I6 2.3.4 Disease signs and symptoms I7 2.3.5 Disease epidemiology 18 2.3.51 Weather and climate 18 2.3.5.2 Disease impact in Australia I9 2.4 Host-pathogen interactions 2t 2.5 Population genetics of rust fungi in relation to biological control 23 2.5.1 Evolution in natural versus agricultural ecosystems 24 2.5.2 Metapopulation theory: populations within a population 25 2.5.3 Gene flow 28 2.5.4 Reproductive mode 29 2.5.5 Selection of molecular markers for population genetic studies 31 2.5.5.1 The issue of dominance 31 2.5.5.2 Isozymes and RFLPs 32 2.5.5.3 PCR-based markers JJ Arbitrarily-primed PCR 34 Sequence-tagged sites 36 2.5.6 Application of molecular markers in population studies of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Gljive Iz Reda Pucciniales – Morfologija, Sistematika, Ekologija I Patogenost
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Croatian Digital Thesis Repository SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO – MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Gljive iz reda Pucciniales – morfologija, sistematika, ekologija i patogenost Fungi from order Pucciniales – morphology, systematics, ecology and pathogenicity SEMINARSKI RAD Jelena Radman Preddiplomski studij biologije Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Tihomir Miličević SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD............................................................................................................................................... 2 2. SISTEMATIKA ................................................................................................................................... 3 3. MORFOLOGIJA................................................................................................................................. 5 3.1. GRAĐA FRUKTIFIKACIJSKIH TIJELA I SPORE ............................................................................. 5 3.1.1. Spermatogoniji (piknidiji) sa spermacijama (piknidiosporama) ................................... 5 3.1.2. Ecidiosorusi (ecidiji) s ecidiosporama ............................................................................ 6 3.1.3. Uredosorusi (urediji) s uredosporama ........................................................................... 7 3.1.4. Teliosorusi (teliji) s teliosporama................................................................................... 7 3.1.5. Bazidiji i bazidiospore....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Binası, Balkan Yerleşkesi – 22030 Edirne / TÜRKİYE E-Mail: [email protected] Tel: +90 284 2358230 Fax: +90 284 2358237
    TRAKYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES 20 Volume 1 Number April 2019 TUJNS TRAKYA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES Trakya Univ J Nat Sci ISSN 2147-0294 e-ISSN 2528-9691 Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences Volume: 20 Number: 1 April 2019 Trakya Univ J Nat Sci http://dergipark.gov.tr/trkjnat e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 2147-0294 e-ISSN 2528-9691 ISSN 2147-0294 e-ISSN 2528-9691 Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences http://dergipark.gov.tr/trkjnat Volume 20, Number 1, April 2019 Owner On behalf of Trakya University Rectorship, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Murat YURTCAN Editor-in-Chief Doç. Dr. Kadri KIRAN Editorial Board Abdel Hameed A. AWAD National Research Center, Dokki Giza Egypt Albena LAPEVA-GJONOVA Sofia University, Sofia Bulgaria Ayşegül ÇERKEZKAYABEKİR Trakya University, Edirne Turkey (Copyeditor) Bálint MARKÓ Babeș-Bolyai University Romania Beata ZIMOWSKA University of Life Sciences, Lublin Poland Belgin SÜSLEYİCİ Marmara University, İstanbul Turkey Burak ÖTERLER Trakya University, Edirne Turkey (Design Editor) Bülent YORULMAZ Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla Turkey Celal KARAMAN Trakya University, Edirne Turkey (Copyeditor) Cem Vural Erciyes University, Kayseri Turkey Coşkun TEZ Erciyes University, Kayseri Turkey Errol HASSAN University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia Gamze ALTINTAŞ KAZAR Trakya University, Edirne Turkey (Design Editor) Gökhan Barış ÖZDENER Boston University, Boston United States Herdem ASLAN Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale Turkey
    [Show full text]
  • Communications
    COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biology VOLUME: 29 Number: 1 YEAR: 2020 Faculy of Sciences, Ankara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara-Turkey ISSN: 1303-6025 E-ISSN: 2651-3749 COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biolog y Volume 29 Number : 1 Year: 2020 Owner (Sahibi) Selim Osman SELAM, Dean of Faculty of Sciences Editor-in-Chief (Yazı İşleri Müdürü) Nuri OZALP Managing Editor Nur Münevver PINAR Area Editors Ilgaz AKATA (Botany) Nursel AŞAN BAYDEMİR (Zoology) İlker BUYUK (Biotechnology) Talip ÇETER (Plant Anatomy and Embryology) Ilknur DAĞ (Microbiology, Histology) Türker DUMAN (Moleculer Biology) Borga ERGONUL (Hydrobiology) Sevgi ERTUĞRUL KARATAY (Biotechnology) Esra KOÇ (Plant Physiology) G. Nilhan TUĞ (Ecology) A. Emre YAPRAK ( Botany) Mehmet Kürşat Şahin (Zoology) Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen (Hydrobiology) Alexey YANCHUKOV (Populations Genetics, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Biology) Language Editor: Sümer ARAS Technical Editor: Aydan ACAR ŞAHIN Editors Nuray AKBULUT (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Hasan AKGUL (Akdeniz University, Turkey) Şenol ALAN (Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey) Dirk Carl ALBACH (Carl Von Ossietzky University, Germany) Ahmet ALTINDAG (Ankara University, Turkey) Rami ARAFEH (Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine) Belma BINLI ASLIM (Gazi University, Turkey) Tahir ATICI (Gazi University,Turkey) Dinçer AYAZ (Ege University, Turkey) Zeki AYTAÇ (Gazi University,Turkey) Jan BREINE (Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium) Kemal BUYUKGUZEL (Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey) Suna CEBESOY (Ankara University, Turkey) A. Kadri ÇETIN (Fırat University, Turkey) Nuran ÇIÇEK (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Elif SARIKAYA DEMIRKAN (Uludag University, Turkey) Mohammed H.
    [Show full text]