Introduction to Biology. Lecture 18
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
October 17, 2014
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 1 / 33 Outline
1 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
2 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 2 / 33 Outline
1 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
2 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 2 / 33 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 3 / 33 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
Vegetabilia Animalia tissues
Protista nucleus Viri
Monera cell
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 4 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian
Cambrian period Life in Cambrian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 5 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Timescale of Phanerozoic eon, Paleozoic era
Phanerozoic eon Paleozoic era Cambrian period: 541 Mya Ordovician period: 485 Mya Silurian period: 443 Mya Devonian period: 419 Mya Carboniferous period: 358 Mya Permian period: 299–252 Mya
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 6 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian map
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 7 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian climate
Gradually changed from colder to warmer Polar ice caps were most probably present
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 8 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Main Cambrian biotas
Burgess shale (505 Mya) Orsten fauna (498 Mya) Theses fossils were kept in Lagerstaettes—exceptionally well preserves clay deposits This excellent preservation could be consequence of the rarity of Cambrian destroyers
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 9 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Burgess shale
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 10 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Orsten fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 11 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 12 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Life in Cambrian
This is the picture of famous Czech artist Zdenek Burian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 13 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Archaeocyaths (most probably sponges)
Most probably, Archaeocyaths were sponges
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 14 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Cnidaria
Tabulate coral
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 15 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Lobopod worms
This is Aysheaia
Our Hallucugenia is also a lobopod worm!
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 16 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem Arthropods
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 17 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem and crown groups
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 18 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Mollusks: naked
Odontogriphus – stem naked mollusk
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 19 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna ... and shelled
Helcionellid shell-bearing mollusk from Greenland
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 20 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 21 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods are not mollusks!
Brachiopoda (left) are completely different internally from bivalve mollusks (right)
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 22 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Echinoderms
Sea lily Gogia from Nevada
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 23 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Soft-bodied chordates
Pikaia from Burgess shale
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 24 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna First fish-like animals: craniate Haikouichthys
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 25 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Algae
Yuknessia is a fossil green alga from Utah
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 26 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Fungi
Tappania fungus was known even before Cambrian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 27 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: Aldanophyton
Terrestrial plant? Or alga?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 28 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: conodonts
Conodonts are just teeth of unknown animal, it is still not clear what was it. Jawless fish?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 29 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: hyoliths
Haplophrentis, mollusk? Or separate branch on the tree of life?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 30 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: vetulicolians
Ancestors of both echinoderms and chordates?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 31 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Summary
Introns, linear DNA molecules and telomere/telomerase system differ eukaryotes from most prokaryotes Cambrian period started with massive appearance of skeletal fauna: “Cambrian explosion”
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 32 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna For Further Reading
Introns. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron
Cambrian explosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 33 / 33