Introduction to Biology. Lecture 18
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University
March 3, 2017
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 1 / 39 Outline
1 Where we are? Precambrian life
2 Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life
3 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 2 / 39 Outline
1 Where we are? Precambrian life
2 Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life
3 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 2 / 39 Outline
1 Where we are? Precambrian life
2 Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life
3 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 2 / 39 Where we are? Precambrian life
Where we are? Precambrian life
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 3 / 39 Where we are? Precambrian life Precambrian life
In Cryogenian, Marinoan glaciation covered the whole Earth In Edicarian, multicellular and then multi-tissued eukaryotes appeared
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 4 / 39 Where we are? Precambrian life One of first multicellular alga with reproductive cells
Bangiomorpha, putative red alga from Proterozoic
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 5 / 39 Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life
Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 6 / 39 Cells, tissues and kingdoms Pyramid of Life Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses
Vegetabilia Animalia tissues
Protista nucleus Viri
Monera cell
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 7 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian
Cambrian period Life in Cambrian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 8 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Timescale of Phanerozoic eon, Paleozoic era
Phanerozoic eon Paleozoic era Cambrian period: 541 Mya Ordovician period: 485 Mya Silurian period: 443 Mya Devonian period: 419 Mya Carboniferous period: 358 Mya Permian period: 299–252 Mya
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 9 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian map
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 10 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian climate
Gradually changed from colder to warmer Polar ice caps were most probably present
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 11 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Main Cambrian biotas
Burgess shale (505 Mya) Orsten fauna (498 Mya) These fossils were kept in Lagerstaettes—exceptionally well preserves clay deposits This excellent preservation could be consequence of the rarity of Cambrian destroyers
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 12 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Burgess shale
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 13 / 39 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Orsten fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 14 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 15 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Life in Cambrian
This is the picture of famous Czech artist Zdenek Burian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 16 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Archaeocyaths (most probably sponges)
Most probably, Archaeocyaths were sponges
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 17 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Cnidaria
Tabulate coral
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 18 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Lobopod worms: Ovatiovermis
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 19 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Lobopod worms: Hallucigenia
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 20 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Lobopod worms: Aysheaia
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 21 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem Arthropods
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 22 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem and crown groups
Stem group has no immediate sisters among living organisms.
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 23 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Mollusks: naked
Odontogriphus – stem naked mollusk
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 24 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna ... and shelled
Helcionellid shell-bearing mollusk from Greenland
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 25 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 26 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods are not mollusks!
Brachiopoda (left) are completely different internally from bivalve mollusks (right)
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 27 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Echinoderms
Sea lily Gogia from Nevada
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 28 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Soft-bodied chordates
Pikaia from Burgess shale
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 29 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna First fish-like animals: craniate Haikouichthys
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 30 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Algae
Yuknessia is a fossil green alga from Utah
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 31 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Fungi
Tappania fungus was known even before Cambrian
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 32 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: Aldanophyton
Terrestrial plant? Or alga?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 33 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: conodonts
Conodonts are just teeth of unknown animal, it is still not clear what was it. Jawless fish?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 34 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: hyoliths
Haplophrentis, mollusk? Or separate branch on the tree of life?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 35 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: vetulicolians
Ancestors of both echinoderms and chordates?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 36 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Recently found Saccorhytus
Another possible ancestor of echinoderms and chordates?
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 37 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Summary
Cambrian period started with massive appearance of skeletal fauna: “Cambrian explosion”
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 38 / 39 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna For Further Reading
Cambrian explosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion
Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 March 3, 2017 39 / 39