Introduction to Biology. Lecture 18 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University October 17, 2014 Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 1 / 33 Outline 1 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses 2 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 2 / 33 Outline 1 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses 2 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 2 / 33 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 3 / 33 Where we are? Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses Cells, tissues, kingdoms and viruses Vegetabilia Animalia tissues Protista nucleus Viri Monera cell Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 4 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 5 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Timescale of Phanerozoic eon, Paleozoic era Phanerozoic eon Paleozoic era Cambrian period: 541 Mya Ordovician period: 485 Mya Silurian period: 443 Mya Devonian period: 419 Mya Carboniferous period: 358 Mya Permian period: 299–252 Mya Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 6 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian map Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 7 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Cambrian climate Gradually changed from colder to warmer Polar ice caps were most probably present Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 8 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Main Cambrian biotas Burgess shale (505 Mya) Orsten fauna (498 Mya) Theses fossils were kept in Lagerstaettes—exceptionally well preserves clay deposits This excellent preservation could be consequence of the rarity of Cambrian destroyers Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 9 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Burgess shale Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 10 / 33 Cambrian period Life in Cambrian Orsten fauna Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 11 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 12 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Life in Cambrian This is the picture of famous Czech artist Zdenek Burian Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 13 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Archaeocyaths (most probably sponges) Most probably, Archaeocyaths were sponges Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 14 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Cnidaria Tabulate coral Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 15 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Lobopod worms This is Aysheaia Our Hallucugenia is also a lobopod worm! Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 16 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem Arthropods Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 17 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Stem and crown groups Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 18 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Mollusks: naked Odontogriphus – stem naked mollusk Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 19 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna ... and shelled Helcionellid shell-bearing mollusk from Greenland Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 20 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 21 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Brachiopods are not mollusks! Brachiopoda (left) are completely different internally from bivalve mollusks (right) Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 22 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Echinoderms Sea lily Gogia from Nevada Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 23 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Soft-bodied chordates Pikaia from Burgess shale Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 24 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna First fish-like animals: craniate Haikouichthys Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 25 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Algae Yuknessia is a fossil green alga from Utah Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 26 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Fungi Tappania fungus was known even before Cambrian Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 27 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: Aldanophyton Terrestrial plant? Or alga? Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 28 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: conodonts Conodonts are just teeth of unknown animal, it is still not clear what was it. Jawless fish? Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 29 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: hyoliths Haplophrentis, mollusk? Or separate branch on the tree of life? Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 30 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Problematics: vetulicolians Ancestors of both echinoderms and chordates? Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 31 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna Summary Introns, linear DNA molecules and telomere/telomerase system differ eukaryotes from most prokaryotes Cambrian period started with massive appearance of skeletal fauna: “Cambrian explosion” Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 32 / 33 Cambrian period Cambrian explosion of skeletal fauna For Further Reading Introns. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron Cambrian explosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion Shipunov (MSU) BIOL 111 October 17, 2014 33 / 33.