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The Annual of the British School at Athens an Epigraphic Miscellany

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The Annual of the British School at Athens an Epigraphic Miscellany The Annual of the British School at Athens http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH Additional services for The Annual of the British School at Athens: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here An Epigraphic Miscellany J. G. C. Anderson The Annual of the British School at Athens / Volume 3 / November 1897, pp 106 - 120 DOI: 10.1017/S0068245400000782, Published online: 18 October 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0068245400000782 How to cite this article: J. G. C. Anderson (1897). An Epigraphic Miscellany. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 3, pp 106-120 doi:10.1017/S0068245400000782 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ATH, IP address: 128.122.253.228 on 17 Apr 2015 AN EPIGRAPHIC MISCELLANY. I. AN ATTIC INSCRIPTION RELATING TO A RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATION. THE following inscription, which I have the privilege of publishing here, is said to have been found in Plakka (the quarter of Athens near the Arch of Hadrian); it is at present in the library of the British School at Athens. KPATAN <J>rA.mTTO Y AI ON V- lot ZAiTPATOY * NCKIAr ZOAAN EKATANOI TIAPAMONOE A» ZT. IO£ AlONYSoA'nPOXSAKPATOY. ZATTYPOX AfPOAIXLIOY. ANTIK PATHS. ANTirENOY.. AlpPoAIZIOZ SEN'.AOY XAPIKAHZ. >IA©£ENOY OHBJVN TTAPAMONOE EPA AIOY 4A«ttN' EPMAfY A&/LN AOHNOAAP- . 10 KA4MXIAS. 0M0A..AOY AP.XTO^ANHt EYAOSOY KAEITOMAXOZ ZTPAT. MCNEKPATHX. ETTIkYAOY.. EYHAAEPOI. <t>IAOt<AE.. I IAAN ETTIKYAOYi: EYOYKAHt. EYT->.lt..' . ~SI '\ A^llt ^.AOSOY AAEJANiPOtlT.ATil'IOI > AAN EVAOZOY 15 lAKPATHI OAOAAIXOY TIMOKPATHZ. IAZOY" o OMOAAJXOS. APIXTA."<J^ 6E;ii ATHI XAIOY ©EOrEITAN EPTANOX ' TIMOKPATHT EY3IAAOY" NiKOKAH- OMOAAIXO. KAII'IAt EYAH/^OY ZTPATAN KAEITO/AAT.OY APT"AMiAPOI AZANAPO 20 TTOAYiTI ATOt TA/U1AOY' AP.IENO. AIONYEIOY OPAXYAVAXOZ. EPrOTEAO"*' M'ITTOE APMOIENO. OEOAXXPIAHE KAAAAN. Z.VII.POX. AIOAX1POS. X.ATYPOY AH.HTPIOZ AlONYtlOX AIONYZ.IO. ZAIAO£ F~..PATOYS 25 OHBAAHX. ETIIKPATO. ZArAO' ."iZTOTEAOYJE ZABIOZ. PWKXSlMvu TA»vKj . ZTPATANOZ ' AVEAANOIOi EProTUAO". .£ ZTPAT. "XOV' XATYPOE *..->^.. AY. .>.. ' .••>VAT|AOYr ©EO/ANH1TOZA TlOA. ATK A» .. • JIIOY' 30 KAAAIHENOZ ATIOA. APlZTOI PAT. ; o. .OY TTA,PAA«JONOX, .MA\OY "TO tTYOAN ATIOAAOZ.AI . JIT" OY "HAiOAH/AOr ANAPONIK-w '. NEAPETOE. XAP/AAN.t ... 35 ZAITTTIOZ. IflllKA'Orr TINANOHI. TYX.AN . ~ATTVPO£ XATIYPOI EYHMEPOr THAE+. AJONYXIOE. EYKP.Tc . .• . 40 MpAITAISli TTOZ.AA1 . , . SENOTIMOX ZAIAOY .. AEYKIOt „ . * AAE^IAN ^lAANOS A<t>PQAIXJOZ A$P0A..IOY . »- TTOTTAJOZ. TTOTIAIui • - KAAAl . A.O. - NIKA n NIKANAPOZ. AHfOKA. .. ....... 50 evNanoz. OBOA • AYZAN AH/AOKA-OX •(/ ZATTYPOV cpoorroY EYOAOE. KAAAlrCNoYt <t>IAINO£. KAAAANor AN EPIGRAPHIC MISCELLANY. 107 ol KaTaoKevaaatnes TO yv- fivaoiov Au KejoatuJi KCU "Av6ai ' p Aioi>v[a~\io? Nt/a'as Aiovvaobwpos ~2,wKparrov\_s 5 Tlapafiovo? 'A.p\j,~\<rr\_uyv\os 'aTtj? 'A.vTiyevov[? 'Axppohtalov rX^f <f>i\o$;evov taio? Sei/[o\]aou Aafxwv 'Kp/xaiov 10 K«0«7ta? *O/io\[wt ]%ou [Ae]£t[/rjo]art/9 E[ Eo^oi; 15 'O\_fi\o\wi~)(ov Saxrou 'A/ 20 IToAu<TT[/j]aTo? T/xwAou [/]^o[?] Aiovvalov Nt [^eJTos1 lhris KaAAax^os] Zai['7ry]/)oy Aiobwpos 'Sa.Tvpov A?/[/x]r/Tpios [K]TJ/<J-<OI/[O? ALOVVOIOS AIOVV<TIO[V~\ Z [ 25 'A . vaalhov 'ATTOA 30 ov p Uv6uiv ' 35 Zft>/7T7rO9 rvpo{v p Trj\e<f)\_ov Aiovvaios Eii*-p[a]To io8 THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS. [1896-7. 40 MeXiVttii/ Uoo[i]Zw[viov EepoTifio? Za)t \ov Aevicios 'Axpp6B[_ur]iov 45 Ev<pp6vios 4>{\w[i/o?] IIo7rX/o[i» 50 Avowv J&wfrpcuos Zwirvpov Ae^nrTro? Ofloiyyou 'IatScopo? The stone is a rectangular slab of Pentelic marble, 38 in. by 16J in. (96J x 42 cm.). Unfortunately it has suffered from corrosion, which has quite obliterated part of the right-hand side, and often makes the words hard to decipher. In some doubtful details I have had the assistance of Mr. Cecil Smith. The thinly cut letters belong to the Roman period. The forms t are, approximately— AAH .QZK (K),F(TT),2:£) 9, H (A). Lines 41—54 are a later addition, engraved somewhat irregularly in coarser characters; and lines 42 and 50 were at first omitted by the stone-cutter, and inserted afterwards in smaller letters. In this latter part occur the Roman names Lucius and Publius. The spelling Aevicios generally indicates a date prior to the middle of the first century of our era, after which AOVKIOS is used ; but in Athens the older form persists as late as A.D. 160.J This inscription, however, is not so late as that. We have here a long list of OVVOVTCU who combined to build a gym- • The last letter in the uncial text looked like r tilted a little forward ; it has been represented as A by a mistake. t The copy exaggerates the size of the letters in the first two lines; they are only slightly larger than the rest. X Dittenberger, Hermes, vi. $to; S. Reinach, Traiie 4''Epigr: Gr., p. 520. AN EPIGRAPHIC MISCELLANY. 109 nasium " in honour of Zeus Keraios and Anthas." The term avvOvrai is used in two different connections: (1) to denote the delegates sent by one city to offer joint sacrifice at a public festival of some other city (Apollod. ii. 7, 2 ; C. I. G. 1193, 2761-5); (2) to signify, as in the present case, a religious society or guild of persons who unite in the worship of certain special divinities. This meaning is parallelled by the expression avvBinai van Mwaawv, a society formed for the worship of the Muses, in two inscriptions of Thespiae (Gottingen Samml. d. griech. Dialekt-Inschr., 800; B. C. H., 1885, p. 405). The gymnasium which is here put up at the expense, apparently, of certain members of the guild for the use of the whole body, is dedicated to Zew Kepaid? ical "Aj>0as, obviously because these are the deities worshipped by the guild. It was built, of course, on the Te'juei/os consecrated to the service of these deities, and forming the religious centre of the community. Every religious association possessed such a centre. Of the inscriptions just quoted, the first is a boundary-stone rasyas TO? [la]pas TWV a[vv"\6vrawv ra/x 'M.waawv ElaidBeiwv, while the other records the dedication of a piece of ground to be sacred for all time, T»/¥ M[w<r]?7r KVJ TVS avv6vrr]'>. The erection of a gymnasium almost necessarily implies the existence of a sanctuary (i.e., a temple, vaosi) within the consecrated ground; for a sanctuary was always the first requisite. This brotherhood of avvdvrai, therefore, bears a close analogy to religious associations of the Qiaaoi type.* It seems probable that the original nucleus of the guild consisted, not of native Athenians, but of foreigners resident in Athens; t and that these foreigners were Boeotians. In the first place we are struck by the large number of Boeotian names which occur in the list. Names like KpaTwi/, Uapafiovos, Zwirvpos, 'Ep/xcuos, Ka0j<r/a?, 'Ofwhairxps, "A8wi/, Mvaawv, Za«'\or, Q^acr/^, 0»JJ8WI/,J are solely or typically Boeotian; while others, such as TivBwv, Heport/iov, Aa/xuiv, <Pi\wv, are quite characteristic of Boeotian nomenclature. Now ZEY2- KEPAIOS is * QiaauTtis ' i Koivwvof riv dvaiwv • ie«Xo«vro Si cat ovrot 'Opytwvtj, Bekker's Anekdota, p. 264, 23. On the organisation of these associations see M. Foucart, Des Assoc. relig. chez les Qrecs, p. 42 ff. t Cp. for example, C. I. A. ii. 168, C. I. G. 2271, &c. Others would, of course, be sub- sequently admitted. One of the distinctive features of such associations, however, was the admission of foreigners, as well as women, and even slaves, to membership. % Qfifiuv, Qtij3aSt)i,"Epyu>v, Neriptroc, OivavSijc and QBoyyog are unknown to Pape-Benseler (last ed.), while T/twXo£ and Xduiv occur only as heroic names. no THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS. [1896-7. undoubtedly the horned Zeus-Ammon, who had a temple at Thebes (Paus. ix. 16), and was probably worshipped in other parts of Boeotia. The foreign cult suits the character of a society of this type. The adjective Kepaio? is unknown to the lexicons, which quote only the ordi- nary form Kepaos; but any doubt about the equivalence of the two forms and the identification of the Zeus cult is set at rest by the occur- rence of "A.jj,fjiu)vo9 Kepaioio in an inscription of Alexandria (Rev. Archeol., 1874, p. 51 = Kaibel, Epigr. Gr., 833): while the usual form "A-fifxtavos Kepaov is found in an inscription of Beirut (C. I. G., 4536 = Kaibel, 835)- It is less easy to determine the precise explanation of the words KOX AN0AI. The cult of AN0AS belongs especially to Troizen and Anthedon in Boeotia.* Anthas is specially connected with Troizen. According to the legend, he founded Antheia, while his brother Hyperes founded Hypereia, the two towns being afterwards united to form the city of Troizen (Paus., ii. 30). He also gave to the subject island Kalaureia its older name Anthedon.f In the beginning of the third century B.C. we find a Troizenian citizen Diomedes, who was honoured by his country with a bronze statue at the temple of Amphiaraos, near Oropos, tracing his descent "Ai/0[a] air' evornj.ov.% But Anthas is also the eponymous founder of Anthedon on the Boeotian coast.§ "Ai/fty? 6 e£ 'AvQufiovos Trj? Boiom'as is mentioned as a poet contemporary with Linos and Amphion (Ps. Plut., Hepl MovoiKijs, c. 3). In both places the cult is the same. Now Anthedon of Boeotia, being the harbour of Orchomenos and subject to that city, was connected with Anthedon- Kalaureia and Troizen in the old Amphictiony of Kalaureia (Strabo, viii., p.
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