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Cash Transfer and Education Cash Transfer and Education Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities 2 | Cash Transfer and Education Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities contents 3 Introduction 4 Barriers to refugee adolescents accessing quality education in Egypt 5 Tawasol: Learning for Coexistence 6 Cash and Voucher Assistance in the Tawasol project 7 Assessment methodology 7 Assessment sampling results 8 Findings 11 Recommendations for Plan’s programming in Egypt Plan International Plan International (Plan) strives to advance children’s rights and equality for girls all over the world. We recognise the power and potential of every single child. But this is often suppressed by poverty, violence, exclusion and discrimination. And it is girls who are most affected. As an independent development and humanitarian organisation, we work alongside children, young people, our supporters and partners to tackle the root causes of the challenges facing girls and all vulnerable children. We support children’s rights from birth until they reach adulthood, and enable children to prepare for and respond to crises and adversity. We drive changes in practice and policy at local, national and global levels using our reach, experience and knowledge. For over 75 years we have been building powerful partnerships for children, and we are active in over 70 countries. Women’s Refugee Commission The Women’s Refugee Commission (WRC) improves the lives and protects the rights of women, children, and youth displaced by conflict and crisis. We research their needs, identify solutions, and advocate for programs and policies to strengthen their resilience and drive change in humanitarian practice. Recommended citation: Plan International (2020) Cash transfer and education – Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities. United Kingdom: Plan International and Women’s Refugee Commission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assessment team expresses appreciation to the members of the Giza and Damietta refugee and host communities who took time to share their experiences. A translated copy of this report will be shared back with communities consulted. The following Plan and WRC staff participated in the assessment and development of this brief: Plan International Global Hub Plan International Egypt Women’s Refugee Commission Anita Queirazza Waleed Rashwan Tenzin Manell Aftab Alam Cassondra Puls Kara Hunersen Salma Abou Hussein Julianne Deitch Cover photo © Plan International / Eman Helal INTRODUCTION Plan International (Plan), with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and in partnership with the Women’s Refugee Commission (WRC), is undertaking the “Cash and Voucher Assistance for Adolescents in Crisis Initiative.” This initiative, which ran through April 2021, sought to synthesise Plan’s internal learning and strengthen its capacity to integrate Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) across its programs to effectively achieve protection, education and well- being outcomes for crisis-affected adolescent girls and boys (10-19 years). In December 2019, WRC conducted an assessment of Plan Egypt’s “Tawasol: Learning for Coexistence” Project in Egypt to understand the perceived strengths and weaknesses including implementation challenges and successes, risks and benefits for beneficiaries, and any needs for continued capacity building. Photo © Plan International 4 | Cash Transfer and Education Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities BARRIERS TO REFUGEE ADOLESCENTS ACCESSING QUALITY EDUCATION IN EGYPT The conflict in Syria has created one of the most within the formal educational system, while also, severe humanitarian crises in the world. Millions or exclusively, sending their children to attend of Syrians have been internally displaced within lessons in Syrian-led community-based learning Syria and into neighbouring countries – including centres, or Syrian Learning Centres (SLCs). Egypt, as refugees or asylum-seekers. As of In SLCs, Syrian educators teach students in December 2019, 127,414 Syrian refugees were Syrian Arabic—a more accessible Arabic for registered with United Nations High Commissioner Syrian students—using the Egyptian curriculum. for Refugees (UNHCR) in Egypt;1 the government Once completing their schooling in SLCs of Egypt estimates an additional equal or greater exclusively or in tandem with attendance in number of Syrian refugees are living in the country formal Egyptian schools, families use enrolment unregistered.2 In Egypt, Syrian refugees are not in Egyptian public schools as a means to confined to camps but integrated into local urban obtain certified educational attainment through communities, which in turn leads to varying official examination. While SLCs are not formally degrees of access to basic services3 and registered with Egypt’s Ministry of Education economic insecurity.4 or recognised by the government of Egypt, the In this context, Syrian refugee children and education provided is of a complementary nature adolescents in Egypt face many barriers to and reasonably equips students to be prepared accessing quality education, including but not for the official examination. limited to economic barriers. According to past Due to economic barriers, Syrian families needs assessments carried out by Plan Egypt, cannot easily afford access to either the SLCs or these barriers included perceived low quality of Egyptian public school system. When adolescent teaching in public schools, language barriers for girls and boys are not enrolled in school and Syrian children learning in an unfamiliar dialect, accessing education, not only are their economic, and documentation issues related to refugee vocational, and personal aspirations limited, statuses. Plan Egypt found that Syrian parents but they are more likely to face child protection prefer to enrol their children in public schools (CP) risks including psychosocial distress, child for examinations to attain official accreditation labour, and child early and forced marriage. 1. UNFPA, 2019. 2. Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) in Response to the Syrian Crisis 2016-2017. 3. WHO 2020. 4. Reuters, 2019. Cover photo © Plan International / Heba Khalifa Cash Transfer and Education Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities | 5 TAWASOL LEARNING FOR COEXISTENCE To respond to the education and child protection adolescent boys and girls aged 10 – 14 years old needs of the most vulnerable children and from Syrian refugee and vulnerable Egyptian host adolescents in Giza, Sharkiya, Alexandria, communities. and Damietta, Plan Egypt, with support from Tawasol encompassed a three-pronged the European Commission Humanitarian Aid approach: (1) improving education quality5 by (ECHO), implemented the “Tawasol: Learning enhancing the protection of adolescents at home for Coexistence” project from June 2018 until and in the school environment through school August 2019. The overall aim of the project was rehabilitation and teacher trainings on child- to enhance access to and improve the quality centred teaching methods; (2) improve protection of informal basic education opportunities for through the formation of Education and Protection refugee students while promoting enhanced Committees comprised of parents and community community cohesion amongst Syrian refugee and members, parenting circles, and Peace Clubs Egyptian host communities. Tawasol was carried which engaged adolescents in peacebuilding out in 14 SLCs, targeted 3,000 children and early activities; and (3) facilitate access to education adolescents between the ages of 5 – 14 years through cash grants. old. Ultimately the project successfully reached more students than planned: a total of 4,170 FIGURE 1: Outcomes and components of Tawasol: Learning for Coexistence Education quality Protection Education access l l l School rehabilitation Education and Protection Cash grant for tution l Teacher trainings Committees and materials l Parenting Circles l Peace Clubs 5. Given that the SLCs are not registered by the Ministry of Education of Egypt and are subject to closure at any time, PI Egypt staff were aware of sustainability issues related to this program design and discussed the potential of transferring the model to Egyptian public schools; however, those considerations are outside the scope of this study which focused on the CVA component of the Tawasol project. Photo © Plan International / Sima Diab 6 | Cash Transfer and Education Supporting basic education for Syrian refugees and Egyptian host communities Photo © Plan International / Heba Khalifa CASH AND VOUCHER ASSISTANCE IN THE TAWASOL PROJECT Plan Egypt sought to leverage the potential of tranche was the remaining EGP 880 (40%). The CVA within the project to support education second tranche was conditional upon beneficiary access and to overcome the financial barriers students taking mid-term examinations. As only of access among Syrian refugee households. students who are enrolled are eligible to take SLCs are privately run and fund their operations examinations so the condition was designed to through tuition fees. These fees can cost around incentivise children’s enrolment and retention 800 Egyptian pounds (EGP; about USD $50.80) in school throughout the duration of the school per student, per term. Other associated costs year. Cash transfers were disbursed to targeted include educational materials and transportation
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